EVENING LEDGERS-PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, 'ftOTOBER & 1017
. i j ,..w nn rircunistanccs, not even today, if they were faced
"Americans would under no arcumsiancw, warfare bv tho n.d
superior sea power in war ', rci l" .1U Calt1paiffn be an example for theml'Ua
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Zoprrlght, 10 IT. atone tl. Dorun Company.
fkr Germany's Campaign of Justification
Failed in All the Neutral Countries and the
Submarine Blockade of February 1, 1917, Was
Declared, the Authorities Realized That It
Was Necessary to Obtain the Support of the
Entire German People in the Employment of
Ruthle8sness
The keynote of Hollweg's nrguments is taken from tho words
of the German song, "Der Gott dcr Eiscn wachsen Liesz," written
by Ernst Moritz Arndt. Hollwog quotes this sentence on page 23:
"Llcbcr cln Endc mlt Schrcckcn, nls cln Schreckcn ohnc ende."
("Rather an end with Terror than Terror without End.")
In the chapter on "Tho Submnrlno War and Victory" the writer
presents the following tnblc:
Status of merchant ships in 1914:
That Is the Reason for the Publication by Rear
Admiral Hollwcg, Called the "Bernhardi of
the Seas" of a Voluminous Book Explaining
in Detail the Reasons Why It Became Neces
sary for the Central Powers to Engage in a
Warfare of PiracyNeedless to Say, the
Work Fulfilled Its Predetermined Function
England (exclusive of colonics) .... 19,250,70)0
France 2,319,438
RusRiu i 1,053,818
Italy 1,GG8,290
Belgium 352,124
Jnnnn 1.708.380
(figures lor December, liuo, csumateu;
Tho world tonnago at beginning of war was 49,089,553
Added 1914-10 by new construction i . . . ono "n"
51,089,553
Sunk o- Permit
captured ago
370,300
140,108
314,290
32,971
37,391
. o
16.2
13.8
18.8
9.3
0.22
AFTER the new blockade of the Allied cost was proclaimed,
i effective February 1, 1917, some explanation had to bo mado to
convince tho public that the submarine war would bo successful
and would bring the victory which the people had been promised.
Tho public was never informed directly what the arguments were
which convinced the Kaiser that he could win the war by using
, submarines. But on tho ninth of February there appeared a small
book written by Rear Admiral Hollwcg entitled, "Unscr Recht
anf den Uboot-krieg." (Our Right in Submarine Warfare.) Tho
manuscript of this book was concluded on the fifteenth of January,
which Bhows that the data which it contained and the informa
tion and arguments presented were those which the Admiralty
placed before the Kaiser on his birthday. The points which Rear
Admiral Hollweg makes in his book are:
First. America's unfriendly neutrality justifies a disregard
of the United States.
Second. The loss of merchant ships is bringing about a
crisis in the military and economic conditions of the Allies.
Third. England, as the heart of the Entente, must be
harmed before peace can be made.
Fourth. Submarines can and must end the war.
The "Bernhardi of the Seas"
This book is for the German people a naval textbook, as Gen
eral von Bcrnhardi's book, "Germany and the Next War," was a
military textbook. Bernhardi's task was to school Germany into
the belief in the unbeatablcness of the German army. Hollweg's
book is to teach the German people what their submarines will
accomplish and to steel the people for the plans her military
leaders will propose and carry through on this basis.
Of this not usnble arc:
Tonnage, Germany
Austria ,
Turkey
In German and Turkey
enemy shipping
Shins in U. S. A
Locked in Baltic and Black Sea
held
5,459,290
1,055,719
133,153
200,000
2,352,704
700,000
Destroyed enemy tonnage 3,885,000
Total 13,785,937
Destroyed neutral tornage (esti
mated) 900,000
Requisitioned by enemy countries
for war purposes, transports,
etc.
England 9,000,000
Franco 1,400,000
Italy 1,100,000
Russia 400,000
Belgium 250,000
14,085,937
12,150,000
2G.835.937
Remaining for world freight transmission still usable
at the beginning of 1917 24,253,015
To the Entente argument that Germany has not considered
the speedy construction of merchant ships during wartime the
author replies by citing Lloyd's List of December 29, 1910, which
gave the following tonnage as having been completed in British
wharves:
1913 1,977,000 tons
1914 1,722,000 "
1915 G49.000 "
1910 582,000 "
"These figures demonstrate that England, which is the leader
of the world as a freight carrier, is being harmed tho most."
Admiral Hollweg cites these figures to show that bhip construc-
Ji
manuscript of this book contained Information tail
arguments
which tho Admiralty placed
Kaiser on his birthday."
before
mHHMr7 "-!B "The
Wki-.JwsBmmiii
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tion has decreased in England and that England cannot make
good ship losses by new construction.
Based on German Prize-Law Regulations
On page 17 Rear Admiral Hollweg says:
"We arc conducting today a war against enemy merchant ves
sels different from the methods of former wars only in part by
ordinary warships. Tho chief method is by submarines based upon
the fundamentals of international law as dictated by German iprize
court regulations. Tho German prize regulations were at the be
ginning of the war based upon the fundamental principles of the Lon
don declaration and respected the modern endeavors of all civilized
States to decrease the terrors of war. These regulations of sea
laws were written to decrease the effects of the unavoidable con
sequences of sea warfaro upon noncombatants nnd neutrals. As far
ns there have been changes in the regulations of tho London deck
tion durintr the war, especially as far as changes in tho conti
list have been extended, we Germans have religiously followed
principle set by tho English of 'an eye for an eye and a tooth fwJ
tooth.'"
On page 19 he states: JI
"Americans woultLunuer no circumstances, not even today, if ti
were faced by a superior sea power in war, refuse to foBowj
method of warfare by the ruthless uso of pirate ships. May ouri
marine campaign be an example for them! The clever crutyer'Ja
ney of U-53 off the Atlantic coast gave them clearly to widen
what this method was. Legally they cannot complain of this wi
The other neutrals cannot complain either against such sea wi
because they have ever since the Middle Ages recognized the Englk
method of sea warfare."
(CONTINUED TOMORIIOW)
ARMED GERMAN TRAWLERS DRIVEN ASHORE DURING BATTLE WITH BRITISH DESTROYER!
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Photo by International Film Service.
TEUTON CRAFT SEEK REFUGE ASHORE FROM DESTRUCTIVE FIRE OF ENEMY WARSHIPS
Whca.a British patrol fleet sighted the German boats off the coast of Denmark, a running battle ensued. Outgunned by the foe, tho Teutons made for the coast, where four of them were wrecked.
, Tho photograph shows three of tho ill-fated vessels, from which nearly a hundred men were landed, many of them badly wounded.
Copyright, Harris 4: Ewlnr.
WAY COMMAND MARINES ABROAD
Brigadier General John A. Lejune has been detailed to
command the marine cnntnnmpnr. nf rtunnfixn v inMt
eating that he will lead the first division of marines to beTj
mouiuzca in rrancc.
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