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CARL W.ACKERMAN
SX
"At the beginning it was a group of military leaders, consisting of GcneraV,
Moltke, Grand Admiral von Tirpite and a few of the Prussian military climm !
prevailed upon the Kaiser to go to war after the assassination of the heir to the Al
trian throne and his wife." "M
Courrl'tht. KIT, Oeorrt II- Dormn Company.
When Von Falkenhayn'Impatiently Cried "Damn
the Neutrals!" He Merely Stated Hie Attitude
of the Prussian Junkers, Who Have Held the
German Empire Helpless in Their Grasp
However, the Kaiser Sacrificed the Great General
in Response to the Insistent Representations
! of the Foreign Office That the Neutrals of the
, World Would Refuse to Be "Damned"
w
ill
How the Junkers Felt Toward Neutrals
HEN the Ministers arrived at the Kaiser's headquarters his
Majesty asked each ono to make a complete report on the sub
marine war as it affected his department.
Doctor Helffcrich was asked to go in(o thn question of German
finance and the relation of America to' It. Doqtor Solf, the Colonial
Minister, who had been a very good friend of Ambassador Gerard,
discussed tho question of tho submarine warfare from' the stand
point of its relation to Germany's position as a world powor.
Admiral von Capelle placed before the Kaiser the figures of the
number of ships sunk, their tonnage, the number of submarines
operating, the number under construction and the number lost.
General von Falkenhayn reported on tho military situation and
discussed tho hypothetical question as to what effect American
Intervention would have upon tho European war theatrcB.
While tho conferences were going on Dbctori Heckscher and
Under Secretary Zimmcrmann, who at that time were anxious -to
avoid a break with the United States, sounded Ambassador Gerard
as to whether he would bo willing to go to great .headquarters
to confer with tho Kaiser. The Foreign Office at tho same time
suggested the matter to the General Staff,, .and , vithin a few
hours Mr. Gerard was Invited' to go to Charlev'iUe. Before the
Ambassador arrived the Kaiser called all of his Ministers together
for a joint session and asked them to make a brief, summary of
their arguments. This was not a peace meeting Not only oppo
nents of submarine warfare, but its advocates, mobilized all their
forces in a final attempt to win the Kaiser's approval.?, His vMajesty,
at this time, was inclined toward peace with America .and was
very much impressed by tho arguments which the Chancellor .and
Doctor HelfTerich presented. But at this meeting, "syhile Helffcrich
was talking and pointing to the moral effect which tho ruthless
torpedoing of ships was having upon neutral countries, Voh Falken
hayn interrupted with the succinct statement:
"Neutrals? Damn the' neutrals! Win the war! Our
task is to win. If we win we will have the neutrals with U3;
if we lose we lose."
"Falkenhayn, when you arc versed in, foreign-affairs I'll
ask you to speak," interrupted the Kaiser. "Proceed, Doctor
UeltTerich."
Gentleman that he is, Von Falkenhayn accepted the imperial
rebuke, but not long afterward his resignation was submitted.
As a result of theso conferences and the arguments advanced
by Ambassador Gerard, Secretary von Jagow, on ,Mny" 4, handed
the Ambassador the German note in reply to President. Wilson's
Sussex ultimatum. In this communication Germany said:
Fully conscious of its strength, the German Government
has twice in the course of the hut few months expressed itself
before all the world as prepared to conclude a peace safeguard
ing the vital interests of Germany. In doing so, it gave
expression to the fact that it was not its fault If pence was
further withheld from the peoples of Europe.
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"Neutrals? Damn the neutrals!" Von Falkenhayn interrupted. "Win the war! If we win, we will have the neutrals with us;
if we lose, we lose."
With a correspondingly greater claim of justification the
German Government may proclaim its unwillingness before
mankind and history to undertake the responsibility, after twenty
one months of war, to allow tho controversy that has arisen
over the submarine question to take a turn which might
seriously affect the maintenance of peace between these two
nations.
The German Government, guided by this idea, notifies the
Government- of the United States that instructions have been
issued to German naval commanders that the precepts of the
general international fundamental principles be observed as
regards stopping, searching and destruction of merchant vessels
within the war zone and that such vessels shall not be sunk
without warning and without saving human life unless the
ship attempts to escape or offers resistance.
At the beginning of the war it was a group of military leaders,
consisting of General von MoltkC-, General von Falkenhayn General
von Mackensen, General von Hcrringen, Grand Admiral von Tirpitz
and a few of. the Prussian military clique, which prevailed upon
the Kaiser to go to war after tho assassination of the heir to the
Austrian throno nnd his wife. Tho Allies proclaimed in their
publications, in the press and in parliaments that they wero
fighting to destroy and overthrow the military party in Germany,
which could make war without public consent. Millions of Allied
soldiers were mobilized and fighting in almost a complete ring
surrounding Germnny, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey.
They had been fighting since August, 1014, for twen
and still their fighting had not shattered or weakened ti?
which tho military party had upon the people nnd tho Kt !
Tlrrilf nnrt Vntl Kflllfflnhnvtl. U7hA aHnt1.r l .t '
became tho ringleaders of Germany's organized might. hA
"v """ " " " , " "" uui Dei ore an i
nation with a President whoso only weapon was public
Illlh ruu iUl'lM i" uvuiun; iiu nB ICBUV M dofw v.
States. Then camo tho downfall of Von Falkenhayn Ue.
was prepared to damn tho United States and nil LeniUi ,
a nation nnd a Government nfter thirteen months of patllJ.
hopo had a right to bellevo that after all public onlni -
weapon which was sometimes moro effective than any oth
Wilson nnd the Stato Department were justified in feeli''
linlr nnllpv Inward Gormnnv wnn nffir nil a.,... ..
because it had solved tho vexing submarine issue W i
if had aided tho forces of democracy in Germany. Became
the downfall of Von Falkenhayn nnd Von Tirnitz. Ji. -
one recognized authority in Germany. That wan 4S n. .. '
the Foreign Office, supported nlmost unanimously by the Soeliffi
and. by the Liberty forces which were at work to refonBlk!!!
German Government. m 1
But this was in May, 1916, scarcely eight monthi w 1
Kaiser changed his mind and again decided to tm,,. , ,&
people who were clamoring -for-a ruthless, murderous, defiant I
ncrnlnnt thn whnln world, if thn wnrM wna urnnlf(.n . . .. . J
The Period of New Orientation
Dr. Karl Liebknecht, nfter ho had challenged the ChandU.ll
on tho fourth of April, became tho object of aH..b ! ;?v
military authorities. Tho Chancellor, although he is the real teH&l
istcr of Foreign Affairs, is also n major general in tho imr il
for a private like Liebknecht to talk to a major general aiUH
did in the Reichstag was contrary to nil rules nnd n-i . 1
In thn Pnicelnn nrmir Tfc mn .mn- ...!.. i. ... . ?!""
to the firing squad, and it was only a short timo until theyj
nn opportunity to arrest him. Liebknecht started riots in oa J
the ammunition factories, and ono night nt Potsdatner Pl.. .....
in civilian clothes, shouted, "Down with the Governmentl" aJt
started to address passers-by. Ho was seized immediately by Oot!;
uiuui uciecuvcs, who were always lonowing nim, and taken tf
the . police station. His homo was searched, and when thi nk
began tho papers found there wero placed beforo th iii
tribunal as evldenco.that ho was plotting against the GoveramJ v
Tho trial was secret and police blockaded all streets a onarM
of a miln nmv from thn rnnrt wViorn hn nm t-).A m.- . J
the proceedings, which lasted a week, the newsnaners 'wur. .v
mitted to print only tho information distributed by the Wolff t3
Krajia ourcau, uui. puDiic sympauiy lor LilCDKnecht was so mf
that mounted police were kept in every part of the city day h
iiigiii m ureas up crowas wnicn migni assemble. JBehmd tl
Hnnrff. TiHtTiniit. nn nnnnvfiinftv tn nnaii!f t IM.J- tii. .
., , .... ,, .. vfr., VH...VJ vw wv..uM.i, ...o Aitcuuo, WIU On T la
attorney nppointcd by tho Government to defend him, Liebbf
was sentenced to two years' hard labor. His only crime w tit?
ne naa aarca 10 speaK jn tno Keichstag the opinioni of iobh
the moro radical Socialists.
Liebknecht's imprisonment was a lesson to other Bodalbt
agitators. Tho day after his sentencing was announced ther'W
strikes in nearly every ammunition factory in and aroand BetlkJ
fc an aL W tarn aaai J alt 4 . ahaiaiak. al . T . J1 V ...1 i
tivcii ui ojmiiuiiu, jicav 10 cssen mo largest ammunition bum
tacturing city in Uermany, several thousand workmen left tkk
benches as a protest, but the German people have such ternm
fear of the police and of their own military organization thattk'
strike only a day and return the next to forget about prerlw
events. 1
If there. were no other instances in Germany to indicate tW
there was the nucleus for a democracy, this would seem to be oJ
One might say, too, that if such leaders as Liebknecht could Wi
assisted, the movement for more freedom might have more succttc
(CONTINUED ' TOMORROW)
GIANT ITALIAN AEROPLANE SEATS TWENTY-FIVE PASSENGERS-OTHER NEWS PHOTOGRAPHS
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