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REPUBLIC ?
(By Cj4R mACKERMAN
TuITinr " " f n'"3
SEE
Coprrlstat, 11T, Oorce It. Doran Company.
rrns Resented Stain Upon Their Honor
'' rauuJ . 1 nin .Qitthiliri nltrl WpVP nil
Verge of Compelling Berlin to Assume Re
goonsibilitvBut Germany Feared That 'if
Keal Murderers Were Disclosed It Would
Bring About Another and Perhaps Fatal
Crisis With the United States
IE' Anconn crisis brought the Foreign Office new nml unex-
PjlKictcd Bupport. Hungary was opposed to u dispute with America.
1 tne nrst place, Hungarians arc more 01 a iiucny-iovwtj jivuiiiu
tin the Germans, and public opinion in Hungary rules the country.
Wle there- is n strong Government press, which is loyal to the
ftsz'a party, there is an equally powerful opposition press, which
1 Allows the leadership of Count Albert Apponyi and Count Julius
''Andrassy, the two most popular men in Hungarian public life.
ADDonvl told me on one occasion that, while the Government was
twntrolled by Tisza, n great majority of the people sided with
fl'f L a' Annnnlllnn Tin .wtiln.l tt.i.t 4 1. nnnotnll .1 rt fl'tl 1 Bill nf tllP
KZimiTV Ul'lJVaillUII. IIV ilUUVU lllill. UIV tUliaiUll. Hlllllt,utiwiii wfc ..w
ffWIdbefals and Democrats kept the Government within bounds.
Hungarians resented the stain upon their honor of the Ancona
Ifjtocident, and they were on the verge of compelling Berlin to
. 'VRmm vncnnntjiliilltv fnv ihn ainlrlnp' nml mlitist. tlin lllnttpr.
"l".i ' UUt IJUillU It'UIVU UIUI Ii. IHU tllUUIlil UI1II1U IHI3 iltUI L'llllCU IU
u 'Mtho' real murderers it would bring about another and perhaps a
i fatal crisis with the United States. So Vienna assumed rcspon
. j. Bibflily and promised to punish the submarine commander who
Va u- torpedoed the slnp.
1 I Tliitf nnnneldnn fvnm Tliinrrfifif nmiftni'nd tlm f2nimnn Hnvi
$&.fcut it wa3 helpless. The growing fear of the effects which 1'rcsi-
'dent Wilson's notes were having upon Americans and upon the
. -Z ''outside neutral world caused opposition to Von Tirpitz to gain
' 'y!Jnore force. In desperation Von Tirpitz nnd his followers extended
:SfXi.. the anti-American propaganda and began personal attacks upon
SJV .' Vrm TMfcmnTr11,n.
-J Von Tirpitz and Von llclhmann-Holliccy in Tilt
.v $y Bitterness between these two men became so great that neither
' oi tnem wouiu go to tno great Headquarters to contcr witn tiie
5) ??, Kaiser if the other was there. The personal opposition reached
rU, the Point whole the Kaiser could not keen both men in his Cabinet.
- Von Tirpitz, who thought he was the hero of the German people
f ',i J becauso of the submarine policy, believed he had so much power
-' HS 'that ho could shake thn hold whirl, tlin Kiiisnr liml ntinn tlm tinnnln
; iff and frighten the Emperor into the belief that unless he supported
' him ngainst the Chancellor and the United States, the people would
"" overthrow the Ilohenzollcrn dynasty. But Von Tirpitz had made
Vi a good many personal enemies, especially among financiers and
IX business men. So the Kaiser, instead of ousting the Chancellor,
,lV, asked Von Tirpitz to resign and appointed Admiral von Candle.
& s iila Assistant Secretary of the Navy and a friend of the Chancellor,
!?' as Yon Tirpitz's successor. Admiral von Mueller, Chief of the
Naval' Cabinet, who was always at grer.t headquarters as the
Kaiser's personal advisor on naval affairs, was opposed to Von
Tirpitz and exposed him at the great headquarters conferences by
saying that Von Tirpitz had falsified the navy's figures as to the
number of submarines aailab!e for a blockade of England. Von
Capellc supported Von Mueller, and when the friends of Von Tirpitz
In the Reichstag demanded an explanation for the ousting of their
idol, both the Chancellor and Von Capelle explained that Germany
could not continue the submarine warfare which Von Tirpitz had
started because of the lack of the necessary submarines.
.. . . MVL. v. . . n.t
Sjfct o-r. ! -""
"When the Chancellor said, 'Wo
could have gotten what wc wanted
by peaceful work. Our enemies
chose the ar,' Liebknecht inter
jected in his sharp, shrill oicc,
'You chose the war!' There was
great excitement and hissing. The
President called for order. Mem
bers shouted, 'Throw him out!' Hilt
Liebknecht sat there more deter
mined than ever."
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Tills was the first big victory of the Foreign Office. The demo
cratic forces in Germany, which hud been fighting Von Tirpitz
for more than a year, were jubilant. Every one in Germany who
realized that not until the hold of the military party upon the
Kaiser and the Government was dislodged would the Government
be able to make peace now breathed sighs of relief and began
to make plans for the adjustment of all differences with the United
States and for a peace without annexation. Von Tirpitz had had
the support of all thcforces in Germany which looked forward
to the annexation of Belgium and the richest portions of northern
1'Yancc.
Von Tirpitz was supported by the men who wanted the eastern
border of Germany extended far into Poland and Lithuania. V
Even Americans were delighted. Washington for the first time
began to sec that eleven months of patience as bearing fruit. Hut
this period of exaltation was not destined to last very long. While
the Chancellor had cleaned house in the Xnvy Department at
Berlin lie had overlooked Kiel. There were admirals and olliccn,
in charge there who were making preparations for the navy. They
were the men who talked to the submarine commanders before
they started out on the lawless Mtyngcs.
On March 24 the whole world was shocked by another U-boat
crime. The Sussex, a French channel steamer, plying between
Folkestone and Dieppe, was torpedoed without warning, and Amcr-
.. .J . .', .if1 ." J.t,u-2i-,l t ftjn-itf ttMtAkk JtMMtka c.
: . rnsak.a -t i.m. ' .k.MMMiv araiiTna nern m .uie uvihipii www io :wvvii mmi mam. .
m.au'..niinv ti;, ,i ua UnA n Vnrich Dower thiit he coul(l shake the hold whirl.
Kaiser had upon the people and frighten tie Emperor into the belief that unleiwlH
supported him against the Chancellor anu tno unucu oiuiw, .u ywyw WOum ovejs
tnrow tnc Jtionenzoiicrn aynasiy. -pi
j
Even the Chancellor and Foreign Office WL
" Shocked With the Remainder of the jVofl
When the Sussex was lorpeaoed Witt
Warning Officers at Kielthc Last Menik
Talk With Submarine Commanders Befvti
They Started Out on Lawless Voyages, Weri
to Blame Von Bethmann-Hollweg flfeeti
Lieuanecnt r j
against England; tho Socialists, who wanted real guarantees fall
sat quietly in their scats anxiously awaiting tho ChancelW
remarks, which were expected to satisfy all wonts. H
Tho Chancellor entered tho chamber from tho rear of th
i-netriim nnrl tirnrpprlpd in his flpslf in thn fmnl 1.ii .tV
fneinnr tho House and crallcries. After n few Tirplim!n.n , . ' iM
c w -. .. -.......i,ui j cniarri
To the Chancellor's left, near the rear of tho hall nmoni?
his Socialist colleagues, sat n nervous, determined and defiant I'll
radical, jiio waa uitsatu in me uiiuorm oi a Common Soldier ' r
Althougli ho had been at tho front several months and ijiV?
the firing line, ho had notreceived tho iron cross of the second ' i
class, which virtually every soldier who had seen serviVn n.j' tfl
been decorated with. His clothes wcro soiled, trousers stuffed 1
iiimi uiu iup ui iiuiivy jiuuiary uuuis. ins XlllCK, curly hatr.
a iuniiutu. tw. inia otawun uj. mo nuitnsiag mo Chancellor
was to havo his first encounter with Dr. Karl Liebknecht, the?
Socialist radical, who in his soldier's uniform was ready tnl
viiiiin-'iiu iiiiyiiiui) uiu v-iiuucuiior saiu. .
Liebknecht Sifts Reichstag
Tho Chancellor began his address, as ho began all otheri,
by referring to tho strong military position of tho German
army. When the Chancellor said, "Wo could have gotten what
wo wanted by peaceful work. Our enemies choso war," L.eb-
knecht interjected in his sharp, shrill voice, "You chose the. T'
war j' 'mere was great excitement nntl Hissing. Tho PrciU
dent called for order. Members shouted, "Throw him outl
But Liebknecht sat there more determined than ever. '
Tho Chancellor continued for a few minutes until ho reached
tho discussion of tho establishment of a Flemish nation in Belgium.
mti. .U1V.I........I... ufiui .i.kv...u.ii.t.u, uui, uiu viiiiuveiior continued: y
"nnnllnninii ... iiikm ..nlr.1. !.. ...t... .r!ll .. 4 f .i J
u.i.tiinii.ii, i, U nun. uiiSnuui.- mil, mu nui again unite
against us in order to strangle us, but such that wo can work
with them and (hey with us to our mutual advantage." A storm
of applause greeted this remark. LScbknccht was again on Ms
feet and shouted, "Then you will tyll upon them!"
"The Europe which will arise from this, the most citranlle
of all crises, will in many respects not resemble tho old one,"!
continued Von Bethmann-Hollweg. "Tho blood which has Been
shed will never como back; the wealth which has been wasted 'will ?
come back, but only slowly. In any case, it must become,, for
all living in it, a Europe of peaceful labor. Tho peace which snallg
end this war must be a lasting one and not containing tho trcrm$
of a fresh war, but establishing a final and peaceful order, of A
things in European affairs." J
Before the applause had gotten a cood start the fierv nriv.fA i'
in the Socialists' ranks was again on his feet, this time shout- 'i
ing, "Liberate the German people first!" ' 'l
Throughout the Chancellor's speech tlicre was not one reference,
to the Sussex. The Chancellor was anxious if he could to tarn 5
tho world's attention from the Sussex to the larger question of h
peace, Dut tno worm was not so inclined.
(CONTINUED TOMOnnOAV)
4
kans were among the passengers killed and wounded. When tho
news reached Berlin, not only the Chancellor and tho Foreign
Office were shocked and horrified, but the American Embassy began
to doubt whether the Chancellor really meant what he said when
ho informed Gerard confidentially that, now that Von Tirpitz was
gone, there would be no new danger from tho submarines. Even
the new Admiralty administration was loath to believe that a
German submarine was responsible.
By April C it was apparent to every one in Berlin that there
would be another submarine crisis with the United States and
that the loactionary forces in Germany would nltempt again to
overthrow the Chancellor. Dr. von Bethmann-Hollweg, who had
been doing cvciy thing possible to get somo ono to proposo peace,
decided to address the Reichstag again on Germany's pcaco aims.
It was announced in the newspapers only a few days beforehand.
Tho demand for tickets of admission was so great that early in
tho morning on tho day scheduled for tho address such dense crowds
.surrounded the Kek'hslag building that tho police had to make
passages so the military automobiles could reach the building to
bring the officials there.
The chamber itself was crowded to thevraftcis. On the floor
of tho House virtually every member was in his" scat. On the
rostrum were several hundred army and naval officers, all members
of the Cabinet, prominent business men and financiers. Every one
awaited the entrance of tho Chancellor with great expectations.
Tho National Liberals, who had been clamoring for tho annexation
of Belgium; the Conservatives, who wanted a stronger war policy
-IMPROVISED TENTS. TO HOUSE ADVANCE CONTINGENT AT CAMP DIX-OTHER PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS!
ncifi -' -T " i i ii i ii 1 1 hi L-LHj
nV Vv 1 copiriEht. itnrrii! Kniiis. BBMSWog VV f cpursc' somc of tlc delights of liomo aro absent, b ut tako it all in all, tho first lads to arrive at Camp
. '. -JUVENILE BED CROSS WORKERS GIVE PARTY
i Wot to bu outdone by their ciders; these littlo maids arranged a benefit social at 1127
fuui rutjr-iimjKrect., i-ctt to rigiit, Jean Whitlocic and Josephine Fulton.
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FRANK CLICK IN A NEW ROLE
Tho former Princeton football captain nrrives at
Camp Upton, Yaphankl L. I., where he will organ
ize aim direct camp atnietics., ,
NEW AMBULANCE PRESENTED BY ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
auu linuj iLiiil iiiiuuiuiiv-u tjui'vive win ira n iULiiiiviii. ui ims 1UI1V CdUllmni nntn ln i, i . -i t !,
witz, pupil nurse; Sister Mary CUbcu, secretary; Dr. Michael Plfft.ttno?' Jm-Ia &CtiVro nr! Mi8S ? tha '"
ambulance, and Sister Mary fionata, superintendent of S VwHoXhIi00' J
I, J-C (a -,,MrV & yV f .c, "L- . Sj. .J J v Jit, ' - " - $ j , JbH