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.Chsrles.Jf. T.udlngten. Vice rresldentt John
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SOUS U. MAimX. .General Huslnes Manager
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Published' dally at I'cntlo T.rrxim llulMInc,
Independence Square, Philadelphia.
XiSMim CrxTltit,. ..Ilroad and Chestnut Streets
Athktid Cltr ....VrriH-Union nulUllna-
Niiv York .Sort Metropolitan Tower
Ditsoit.., ...... 40.1 I'onl nulMlna
CT. Loots. ..,....- 100 KullTInn llulMIng
CBIC10O ... ..,.1!M2 Trlhunt Ilulldlng
NEWS nUIinAVBt
JV ismvoTOf IlraBAO nigra TlulMInf
Ssir, Tons Dentil- Th Times MulMlwr
mans liLBtiu on Krle-lrlchirn
X,o!TDor IIcrkav .Marconi House. Hlrand
Faiii Ucaxiu ....32 Hue Louis la Grand
sunacniPTioN tukms
The Stikixii I,tiif)n served to.subscrlhers
In Philadelphia and aurroundlng- towns at th
.rate or toelva (12) ccnta per week, payable
to the carrier.
Dy mall to -points outslds of Philadelphia, In
tha United Htatea, Canada or United States pos
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month. Six (to) dollara per year, payable In
Advance,
Ta all fn.al.n .mm,,.. ... Ill Jail.. ..
Month.
Nonca Subscribers wishing address changed
Mutt lire old aa well aa new address.
DELL, J000 WALNUT KT.YSTO;sE, MAIN 1IM0
Wf Addrett ell communication tn Evening
Ledger, Independence Square, Philadelphia.
. . .....
exiibzd at tjib nntiV.Lrnti rosTorrica as
tECOND-rXAIS iikh hatter,
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' ' Fhllidtlphll, Wtdnclday, July ii, 1917
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"THE NEW PHILADELPHIA
TT IS tho prlvllcRe of successful bank
lng institutions, ns It Is of successful
men, to tlo together tho looso ends of
progress and read therefrom tho future.
No man need fear tho sheriff's knock who
has his eyes open, and no man with his
yes open can fall to bo thrilled nnd vital
ized for new endeavor by tho marvelous
Industrial development now under way In
this locality.
"Philadelphia is fortunate," shouts a
4tre.it local bank, "In having a develop
ment In Its industrial district uncqualcd
by any other section." And tho same
bank follows tills advertisement with
another asking:
What Is Greater Philadelphia wastlnc
by her method of selling roocIh through
Now York In commissions, interest nnd
xpenses? What Is tho nmount of loss
by reason of extra frelsht, cartuno and
delay In shipments to ami from New
York? If we fully realized the Kreat
growth In Metropolitan Philadelphia a
would bo alert to qut off this extra ex
pense charged on our Roods and ihok to
a further development ot our local In
terests. Thero aro citizens llvlnsr in tho very
center of tho most amazing industrial
progress this territory has ever known
Who aro utterly blind to it Thoy cannot
grasp tho fact that tho Delaware hus been
im$xU. His pftfionMlty 'la tha vital
fnrtnt fA ort if h mnat Una 11 v rW. Itfl
facps a task that Is literally superhuman,
No man in history has been asked to do
more. Ho is already a. foremost figure
in tho world, If ho succeeds In his tre
mendous mission, thero will bo nono fonv
parnblo to him in tho magnitude of his
achievements. It is an evidence of tho
universal confidence ho has Inspired that
tho Allies expect him to mako good. He
purposes to do so by ft blood-nnd-iron
pojlcy, tho only kind of policy that can
possibly produce results in the clrcum
stances.
TRIUMPHANT PROGRESS
Fonai-rrTINO past exasperation with
tho Public Service Commission for Its
delay In granting certificates of public
convenience, for essential parts, of the
Taylor comprehensive transit plans, tho
neonle can nfford to nnnlaud Its final de
cision to approve tho entire program as
a whole. It Is truo that tho samo con
ditions exist now ns existed when tho
previous application was refused, so far
as legislation Is concerned, nnd tho delay
linfl tlnllhtlotM rnqt tnnM fff IlintlMnndS
of dollars, mvlntr to tha ndvnnco in cost
of miitcrinls; but oven theso things are
of llttlo Importance In comparison with
tlin flnnl nnnrrivnl ctt TMillndnlnhln's irrent
transit enterprlso by tho proper instru
ment of tho Commonwealth,
It marks tho beginning f ft new era,
nn era of unprecedented development.
Tho last barrier has been passed, so far
as construction Is concerned. Thero rc
mams but ono more detail, nnd that Is
tho formulation of n lease. All reports
nro to tho effect that tho negotiations
for that nro nearlng conclusion. Whether
the lease shall finally bo In tho exact form
about to bo proposed or n, compromise
between It nnd previous proposed leases.
If appears reasonably certain that somo
lease will, In fact, bo consummated nnd
that ono unified transit system will bo tho
icsult. Progress Is sweeping the llttlo
fellows off their feet.
STOBPINGTRADE
, WITH GERMANY
Government PJnn to Forbid Com
merce With the Enemy Will
Affect Philndelphians
AN ASSET IGNORED
WE HAD hoped thnt tho President
would stnnd flrmlv behind fJenernl
Ooothals and enable him to put through
nt onco his compiehenslve building pro-
.... , , .... gram, mil nn citizens wnoso Hearts nre
lifted from comparative obscurity Into .. ., ., , . , .,
, .. """'"' in the active nnd successful prosecution
ironu pre-eminence in snipuuiiuiug, lio
rpiIEIlK nro men who dislike Theodore
- Jtoosevelt nnd many moro who fear
him, but thero Is nono, wo believe, who
questions tho quality of his Americanism
or tho Iron in his blood. Ho has .1 habit
of doing things, big things, in n hurry.
His volco Is always n clarion note, He
Invigorates any program to which he
lends bis support. Why keep lilm Idle
In tho gi latest rrlsls of our history?
Why tlnow away n great national asset?
Theio is work that ho can do better than
anybody else, and he ought to bo given
tho chance" to do It.
PITCHING A SQUABBLE
OVERBOARD
R5W. ..
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toro tho yards now building or planned
are completed wo shall have passed In
tonnngo capacity every other shipbuild
ing center on earth. And already in tho
Vicinity of tho new plants nro arising
upplyr-fnctaries, somo colossal In their
dimensions, ns tho Wcstinghouso plant.
Every' dependent industry has felt tho
Boadc Thero is being added to our manu
facturing papaclty literally million; and
millions of valuo annually, Tho demand
for akllled workmen grows day by
day. Housing, not for thousands, but
for tens of thousands of new residents
must bo found. Tho banks, tho depart
ment stores, tho public carriers, every
Utjo of business1 has felt already new
blood In Its arteries, yet tho era of
progress is Just at Its beginning.
Straws show whlch'way tho wind blows.
Little things determlno industrial dynas
ties. 'The shifts of trado aro many nnd
their speed great. It Is afact that tho
Government looks now with disfavor on
any further development in tho Now
.York district. That wholo conter ha3
reached tho plnnaclo of Its capacity. Its
hipping facilities are overtaxed. Its
, connections with tho hinterland havo al
most collapsed under tho strain. Tho
folly ot tho haul of western freight
through Philadelphia nnd a hundred miles
beyond nt a tlmo when tho wholo world
cries for economy is overwhelmingly np
parent. Shipments have begun to stop
In Philadelphia, the natural gateway to
tho sea. Had wo now tho dock and pier
, aystem which wo ought to. havo. the pri
macy of Now York would be .in -immediate
peril. Southward tho course of com
Bierclal empire takes Its way,- to- jiorts
not overcrowded, to ports that are nearer
and to ports that are hustling t'o Improve
their facilities. Never. In the fondest
dreams of our most energetic leaders, has
audi an era opened, arid never' has tho
future beckoned In such fascinating mien.
In these circumstances wS deplort any
compromise with tardiness. The city and
all its commercial bodies must put them
elves squarely and enthusiastically now
behind the transit program, now happily
approaching solution. Work must be
rushed on new port facilities and ad
dltional money provided aa necessary.
The Belt Line must be twisted Into real
ffectlveness. Our shippers must seize
thjs .magnificent chance to break away
JrojA thedomlnatlon of New York.
-V ...
"i
f
forever. Tho new and greater Phlladel
ph'la, surpassing all our expectations, is
leaping Into being under our very eyes.-'
T THE TOLSTOY PREDICTION
j
1 .. i 1 .
- - -. ., . . .. .
S'TI- BfV,Js prajucwa ins out or the try ana
--jBj? TiBuiu nii -too gTBx noro or, Allies e
!&'4jmt-mmc'vfir.j Ru4ia, following 'the helpful
ILilmmm'-:. uwirtia .which
Wmmmv, aau 4krtatwrY HU aa- ,
of the great war must nevcrthless nn
plaud tho heroic action of tho President
In pitching tho whole squabbla overboaid.
Divided councils havo changed a victori
ous Russian nrmy Into a horde of fugi
tives. Divided councils can wreck any
American progtnm. Tho President, how
ever, does not proposo to have tho nation
caught in such a. frnp. What ho has
dono to ono board ho-will do to another
If the necessity arise. Ho has served
riotlco on all commissions nnd Instru
ments of that sort that tho prime requi
site Is to get things done. Thero will bo
tlmo enough for tho settlement of quar
rels when the war is over.
Tho personnel of the 'new members of
tho board inspires Immediate confidence.
It Is reassuring to know that the Impor
tant plans of (leneral Goethals will bo
carried out by tho new men. It is clear
that no comprehensive shipbuilding can
bo undertaken without utilization nf t,o
enormous resources of the Delaware Itlver
district. Tho project for tho c-rnnt ,,.
assembling plant Just below tho navy
yard will not bo abandoned, and wo nro
hopeful that the orders for Its prompt
construction will Issue in the near .future.
Wnr cannot bo conducted by a
mass-meeting.
This man Korenskv cnuM .,,. u.
elected to Congress from Missouri.
Speed 'cm up! Wo know where
wo nro going, nnd we nro on our way.
Philadelphia police catching vlco Is
something liko fishing for trout in a
bathtub.
Wo have never renri n mn m.
...v. v iUUlU
request for a resignation thnn that sent
10 iur. uenman.
When Austrlans can drive Rus
sians in headlong flight It Is dollars to
doughnuts that there's anarchy some-where.
According to a Washington corre
spondent, Mr. Wilson Is about to mako a
peace move. Undoubtedly. He. is about to
put more thnn halt a million men Into
uniform.
When it comes to throwing a
wrench into tho machinery, tho Senate Is
there with tho goods. But when the
White Houso sayB "naughty" even the
Stones behave.
It the Russians have some good
admirals they", can't use we might find
a place for them in certain circumstances.
John Paul Jones became a great Rus
sian admiral after he had done his share
to kwin independence for the United States.
Ollie James declared that "the Sen
ator from Pennsylvania was playing pea-
"Ul pomics," reternns to Penrose'
charges that the War and Navy Depart-
' . . , . , " -" "b uauiy managed. But
The Philadelphia of yesterday Is done Senator James was only partly right In
ma statement, air. Knox la the Benator
from Pennsylvania,
it
The Germans never dreamed ,.
would take several army corps to keep
aeieaiea,.Aeigium prostrate. By the same
token, "defeating" Russia would take a
cduple of million Teutons Into that coun-
lteep them there. For the western
ren Kussia'a defeat would .be more
than the long months of trnr
permitted the withdrawal, nr t.i,.
tana from, the eaat front Troopa that ara
t&4
Vj.1 ? j fjjjjt " iVjj-
BheclaX Correivnndcnce- Kvrnlna Lrdocr
WAHIIINOTO.V, July 25.
CERTAIN Pennsylvania families may bo
hit by tho trndlng-wlth-tho enemy act If
it becomes a law as It passed tho House.
The Administration wanted this net to pre
vent nny Intercourse with Germany or with
the allies of thnt country. The Sectclncy
of State and tho Becrctiu-y of Commerce,
who Is to admtnlslcr tho law, urned the
pasRare of this measure and were supported
.by tho Attorney General. Tlicy nil con
tended thero were good reasons why every
possible trado communication with Ger
many or her allies should be shut off, and
they oen went so far ns to Incorporate In
their draft of the bill certain drastic fea
tures of the espionage law, which, however,
tho House defeated. Thexo features per
tained to personal messages between rela
tives In Germnny nnd tho t'nlled States
which might pass through diplomatic or
other authorized sources of communication.
It was said tho bill was nn "American
bill," although It closely followed tho Hug
llsh tradlng-wlth-tho-onemy net. As It
passed tho House tho bill sets up an exten
slvo bureau In tho Department of Commerco
under tho direction of nn "alien property
custodian" This new olllclal Is to lecelvo
IG00O per annum, but he Is to havo the power
to confiscate property, to convert It or In
est It during tho period of the war. If an
American woman married a German citizen
prior to tho war, and thereby took on tho
citizenship of her husband, tho alien prop
erty custodian tnlfes her property In tho
United Slates, or that of her husband, nnd
contorts It Into Government bond'. There
ar certnln American women who married
German titles whoso property In tho United
States would thus lie taken away from
them. It was not clear from the debnto on
tho bill whether tho owners of tho property
thus taken wero to get It back. Some of
them would certainly not recover It In the
form In which It was taken. All tho bill
provided tn this respect was that Congress
should determine tho question of ownership
after tho war. Tho Huuso refused to accept
an amendment providing that the property
when seized should bo "credited to the
owner " Tho committee In charge of tho
bill contended that such n piovlslon would
lead to too much bookkeeping and the
claimants could coma In nftcr pence was
declared under such conditions as Congress
might Impose.
Resident Aliens All Right
In the course of tho discussion It de
veloped thnt thero was .considerable prop
erty owned by German merchants In ware
houses In the United States. This would bo
taken over by the pllen property custodian
nnd sold, the proceeds going Into Govern
ment bonds. It was also shown that there
wero largo Gorman holdings of railroad
stocks and bonds and In other corporations.
These securities would In effect bo taken
over by tho American custodian the In
crement surely would but the holding
company Instead of communicating with tho
owner or forwarding the Interest to him
or his ngent and thero nre several such
agencies In Philadelphia would, upon the
passago of tho act, report and mako pay
ment only to tho alien property custodian.
In short, no nllen In Germany would bo
permitted to recelvo funds or Information
relating thereto from nny property owned
In tho United States.
The situation Is somewhat different with
respect to patents; but that Is due to the
fact that the United States wants certain
patented rights which Germany now holds,
patents for drugs needed in tho nrmy, and
concerning which, owing to certain Inter
national questions, the bill admits of cer
tain agreements nnd tho right to sue. As
to aliens In the United States, It was ex
plained that their property is not to bo
disturbed so long as they do not give the
Government reason to tnko It. This ques
tion nroso in relation to building associa
tions in Philadelphia. It was asserted that
many German in that city who had not
become naturalized were investors In wiv
Ings funds and building associations. "How
will this law apply to them?" was asked.
"It Will not apply to them nf nil" .,, fv,
reply on behalf ot the committee. "If un
naturalized Hermans or allies of Oermnnv
n tlie united States behave themselves,
their property will not bo taken. Tho bill
nppliea only to those who do not life In the
United States."
Cotton Goinjr Abroad
Wlillo tho terms of the tradlng-wlth-the
enemy act seem harsh with respect to
aliens who made Investments In the United
States In good faith befoie tho war, the
Administration and Its advisers insist that
tho surest way to bring the war to a speedy
close Is to prevent Germany from getting
supplies or from obtaining Information of
any kind from the United States. It was
this argument that forced tho $640,000 000
aviation bill through the Houso with scarce
ly a ripple. A certain mystery is thrown
about such bills which Indicates that the
Administration knows what It Is about, but
does not desire, even through Congress, to
have Its plan of operation mndo known to
Germany. So persistently is this attitude
maintained, both as to appropriation bills
and bills conferring military power, that the
possibility of doing Injustice to those who
have hitherto been our friends Is not taken
seriously into account. Nor does it avail
much to call attention to the likely waste
of public funds In tho making of tremendous
lump sum appropriations like that for the
aviation Bervlce without specific Information
as to details. The Administration answer
comes back each time, good and strong
"Wo must haye support and have It prompt
ly to beat Germany, and we deem these
means essential. We do not want tn imhu
our plans to the enemy." ,
uaaiy enough, it is a different story
when cotton comes into view. Even tli
President's embargo proclamation, whirl.
specifically mentioned foodstuffs and coal,
Iron and steel amnnir Oi'n,KM.- '.
ucts, did not mention cotton. As a conse
quence, the ottentlon of tha House was
called to the omission, and during the de
bate it was 'admitted that Germany "had
been obtaining American cotton through
neutral countries, even since the declaration
of the existence of a state of war.
Members from the southern States are
naturally testy on the subject of a cotton
tax or any restrictions upon cotton, artd
they met the charge that, the President's
embargo declaration had specially excluded
cotton In silence. They did contend, how
ever, that what cotton had gone through to
Germany had gone through neutral
countries before the authnrltu. h. - '
Abie to step It.
Since the cotton that has been sllnplnir
tlnto Germany is used principally ,'aa a war
mumuon ana- ib,b.b mucn an .aid to the
neroy as foodstuffs, or the Income from
Investments, or the activities of German
Insurance companies In tha United States
which tha' President, baa .prohibited A it la
thought probable ,that, oattonlt4if -wtii
aooner,a r ' a MAN L0ar (tfcsV.Heaaa
Me uaAAaa"1
"vtyffm,
Tom Daly's Column '
COXTENT
Along about ihU time o' year,
Tho while I set a-bllnkln'
In the tcarni sunshine here,
1 ftlways ult to thlnkln'
The old' farm nln't so bad a place,
Jlut what I feci some ;lfj
J'tir the dumb fotili ihcl's In the race
J'ur void down In the city.
Yoit don't ketch me a-pratln' Qod '
To better my position,
t onlu want my flshln'-rod
An' time to io a-flshln'.
I not n shirt, a pair o' pants,
Coat, hat, an' appetite;
I know the flih, an' all Ihclr ha'nts
An' when they're like to bite.-
An' all the'vlo'rs I want li what
li'l keep off chill an' shiver
While I'm a-sct tin' In this spot
The best aloiifi the river.
Ketch me a-combln' of my hair
An' wcnrln' cuff an' cottars t
I wouldn't be a millionaire
l'ttr seven hundred dollara t
'
"I'd know one German spy," said tho
golf bug, "If I rould ever clap eyes upon
him ngaln. I saw him Inst winter when
friend wlfo nnd I were on our way to
Pinehurst. Ho had the section across
from ours. Thero wcro two'womon with
him his wlfo nnd sister, probably nnd
they took tho upper berth. Ho had tho
lower, of course. In tho morning tho
women clambered down to dress, but wore
cnreful not to disturb hlrn. Somo tlmo
later when His Potsdams deigned to
awnko I heard tho women asking for In
structions. Ho told them what to do,
spenking partly In German nnd partly
In English. Ono of tho womon ventured
to suggest nn Improvement upon bis wny.
'Mlndt!' ho roared, nnd they 'mlndtcd.' If
that wnsn't the stuff that Ger. mlnco
pics nre made of, what wns It?"
WHY PRESIDENT WILSON OPPOSES ;
"COMMITTEE ON THE CONDUCT OF WAR
Interference of Congressmen With Lincoln's Administra
tion Resulted in Little Useful Service and Much
Bewildering Criticism and Recrimination
A Crashing Announcement
IJIIlysunday and Georgemcohnn prob
ably don't, but they ought to read tho
Atlantic Monthly, because thoy'ro letting J
i lot of good stuff get awny from them.
Tor Instance, thero Is tho Doran book
advertisement announcing a now volume
entitled "Hurrah nnd Hallelujah," by Dr.
J. I'. Hang! CAMHERTH.
CHARLES HAMILTON SORLEY, n
Cnmbridgo student, Killed in action nt tho
ago of twenty, wroto theso lines as he
wns starting for the seat of war In
I-'rance:
KXPECTANS EXPECTAVI
From morn to midnight, nil day through,
I laugh and play ns others do
I sin and chatter. Just the same
As others with a different name.
And nil year long upon tho stogo
I danco nnd tumble and do rage
So vehemently I scarcely seo
Tho Inner nnd eternal me.
I havo a temple I do not
Visit, n heart I havo forgot,
A'self that 1 have never mat,
A scciet Mirlne nnd yet and yet
This snnctuary of my soul
Unwittingly l l(Pep white and whole,
Unlatched and lit, If Thou ahouldst care
IX) enter or to tarry there.
With parted lips nnd outstretched hands
And listening cars, Thy servant stands;
.all Thou early, call Thou late,
To Thy great service dedicate
In tho faco of the natlon-wido wave
of prohibition to hear tho Prohibitionists
tell it tills classified ad got by tho other
day:
tight coopnn, wanted
One with tho experience of repairing oil and
Mntftar barrel, steady work to (rood aober
Ecthlenim'. orvM" oaoc.cy IIrIWorks'
Plain Language From Truthful Anton
"In my opinion, tho theatre hasn't Im
proved In the last thirty or forty years.
I can't find any moro thnn I did then
a glass of clean water either In tho cor
ridors or tho foyer. Just ns they did
then, tho attendants flno mo for my coat,
though there's nothing Illegal In wearing
a warm coat in winter. Just ns It did
then, tho orchestra plays quite unneces
sarily in tho intervals and adds n new,
gratuitous impression to tho ono iccelved
from tho piny. Just ns they did thn
men go to tho bar. in the interval and
drink spirits. If there Is no perceptible
improvement in llttlo things,, it will bo
useless to look for It In bigger things."
No, boss, tills Isn't knocking Philadel
phia. In fact, it isn't truo nt nil. it's
Just In a story written by a Russian lad
by tho nnmo nf Tchekhov. y, l.
PHIL-
FWEND
&5ialK:
V-2niJ&
WMB
fwFA
w .- vu
Tiir. anuT-tx
The men who walk
On Chestnut street
And prowl and talk
A6ouf the heat
And how their feet
Distress them so
Should come and
meet
A man I know.
This chap's
Annoyances, perhaps,
They'd reckon very small.
He doesn't run
Out in the sun
Or use his feet at all!
To him the day's
Appointed ways
Run their appointed groove
Beside the bed
Where rests his head
And wheftce he may not move.
The long nights creep
With gift of sleep
And Dawn brings sameness back.
"A change of mood,"
He says, "li good,"
But his keeps one straight track.
For still he wears,
Through all Ms cares,
A bright' and hopeful face; a
And so today '
Our wreajh of bay
Upon hit brow we place:
IT WAS to be expected that Mr. Wilson
would refer the question of congressional
supervision of executive conduct of the war
to tho touchstone of history. Into tho food
administration bill n section has been In-ro.-led
section 23 creating n Joint com
mltteo to supervlso war expenditures, and
this nctlon, It finnl, the President maintains,
could only bo Interpreted "ns arising from a
lack of cunlldenco In myself."
"The t'onMnnt supervision nf executive
action which l enntcmplatrs would amount
to nothing less than nn assumption on the
part of he legislative body of tho cxceutlva
work of Iho Administration." lie saya In
hln letter to Mr. Lever. . "Thero Is a very
ominous precedent In our history which
shows how such a superxlslnn would oper
ate. 1 icfer to tho f'ommltlco on tho Con
duet of tho War constituted by the Congress
during the ndmliiMrntlon of Mr. Lincoln.
it was the cause of constant ami distress
lug hatassinent nnd rendered Mr. Lincoln's
tnslt nil hut Impossible."
The principle nt slnko Is fundamental!)
the samo In 1017 that It was m 180t Now
as then (and always) the conduct or a war
must be undertaken by executive and not
by legislate o authority. Hut tbn circum
stances nf tho two attempts at Interference
nro significantly different. Congress Inter
fered with Lincoln nnd McClellan becauso
of definite mistakes and apparent Inaction.
Jliit now Congress Interferes nt a time when
no definite errors of administration nre al
leged and when not Inaction but too much
action Is fmred. It professed to be pushing
Llri("ln on: It now nppears to bo trying
to hold Wilson back.
The Committee of 18C1
Thero was perhaps moro excuse for con
grcsMonnl Interference In 1801, because
when Congress met on December 2, tho
.Vorth was In something of a panic over
Federal reverses. The disaster of Hall's
Illuff had occurred only about n month be
fore At that point, thlrty-threo miles north
west of Washington, 1D0O Federal soldiers
of Mct'lellan's nrmy, under Colonel Uaker,
wore overwhelmingly defeated by about
300n Confederates under Oenornl Kvans, Iho
latter fighting from the shelter of n thleklv
wooded grove, The Federals lost about 1000
In killed, wounded nnd prisoners more than
half their force. Baker falling during the
engagement. The Confederates lost only
1C0. The disaster wns duo to the blundorlng
generalship of McClellan nnd his division
commander Stono Stono wns arrested later
and Imprisoned for six months. Hut, ot
course, blame fell upon Lincoln, who wns
Inclined to bo patient with McClellan.
So Congress took this up nnd the debate
became censorious. Itoscoo Conkllng In the
House and Zacharlah Chandler In tho Sen
ate Introduced resolutions to Investigate tho
affair at Hall's Hluff. But Grimes, In the
Senate, said this wns not enough. Moro
disasters might follow. He urged a "per
manent Joint committee" to inquire Into
military affairs, bad his way, and tho
Houso unanimously agreed to tho amended'
resolution. Wndo, Chandler nnd Andrew
Johnson, of the Senate, and Gooch, Covode,
Julian nnd Odell, of tho House, formed tho
Joint "Committee on tho Conduct of the
War."
For four years this commltteo assumed
(and was sustained by Congress In assum
ing) a gieat range of prerogatives. It be
came a stern nnd zealous Judge of both the
army and the Administration. It called
boldlers and statesmen before it nnd ques
tioned them like refractory schoolboys. It
claimed always to speak "for tho people,"
and like all such commutes, It learned that
fault-finding gave It moro reason for ex
istence than mere sanctioning of olllcla'l
acts. It was often .hasty and unjust In Its
Judgments, straining to tho full tho tactful
nnd conciliating polso of the President,
besot, ns it were, by two divided countries, a
dlvlded Union nnd a divided .North. It w-as
assailed with furious denunciations nnd de
fended with headlong eulogies. Often when
It was right the cll hnd been corrected
before Its report was announced.
Interfering With Lincoln
Chnndlcr nnd Wado had repeatedly
pressed upon tho Government the neces
sity of employing the Army of tho Potomac
In active operations before the commltteo
was formed. After their appointment thoy,
of course, continued their vigorous criticism.
McClellan treated the commlte with con
tempt. Lincoln appeared' to defend the
General, Now hero was a case where the
truth could not come out for ninny months.
Lincoln wrfs aware of McClellan's defects
long before he dismissed him. But the
other generals seemed to bo (and tlmo wns
to prove that Ihey were) not much better
thnn SrcClellnn. Privately Lincoln was
spurring McClellan on ns best ho could ;
but ns long as tho Gencrnl was In com
mand ho could hardly criticize, him pub
licly; so the commltteo could havo dono
no better had It held tho reins of executive
oin.ee. But during these trying times It
could evidently mako things worso by
blind criticism of the snmo trouble tha
Lincoln wns criticizing with Insight,
H had the politician's "slant" on military
affairs, This was shown In tho case of
Hurnsldc, whoso political views were highly
thought of by the members of tho com
mittee. The General wns seerely censured
by Grant and Meade and relieved of his
command. But tho Committee on tho Con
duct of tho War knew moro than Grant
and Meade put together, nnd exonerated
Burnslde.
The Petersburg Mino
Near the end of June, 1804, Lieutenant
Colonel Pleasants, of tho Forty-eighth
Pennsylvania, a regiment composed chiefly
of coal miners, proposed to run n mine
under part of tho Confederate works. 'In
about a month a vast gallery 611 feet long
with lateral branches of thirty-eight fejt
each had been run forward under tho Con
federates. Eight magazines wcro chnrged
with 1000 pounds of powder each. Bum
side, while the excavation was being made,
had bcpn drilling Ferrero's colored division
to mako tho charge when tho mines should
bo exploded. But Meade and Grant refused
to allow this. In case of disaster, they
said, thero would be severe criticism of
an apparently wanton sacrifice of colored
troops. Burnsldo then took the deplorablo
step of leaving the decision between his
three white divisions by lot. Thus Potter
and Willc'ox, his best division leaders, wcro
left Idle, and Ledlle wns chosen for work
for which ho was totally Ina'dequate and
by lottery!
On tho morning of tho 30th tho mlno
was exploded. A great crater 200 feet long
appeared ; tho Confederates wero stunned
nnd began to retreat. But Ledlle felt sick,
Burnsldo was slow In getting speed up, the
advance was languid. The Confederates
wcro allowed to recover In tlmo to deluge
tho crater with artillery, tho Federals
fell back In defeat and Burnsldo's mil
itary career was over. Grqnt called it "a
miserable failure." "This would havo given
us Petersburg," ho said.
But, as observed above, the Commltteo
on tho Conduct of tho War disagreed with
tho experts. The political orthodoxy of
Burnslde outweighed tho purely military
Judgment of Grant and Meade. Tho change
made by Grant In substituting white for
colored troops was decided to bo "tho first
and great cause of tho disaster." Tho re
port Justified Burnslde In every particular.
He left the army, became Governor of
Rhode Island and spent the last years of
his life In the United States Senate.
H. S. W.
PARIS SACRIFICES
ITS LITTLE CAKES
Economy Puts Its Foot Down
on a Time-Honored
Custom
W '"'r'o'r'io1 t,'fc'",'TW?
rEaaBaTBVr1 . vfc
-f -.
,"XU.h?
ty-.AM'V
By HENRI BAZIN
Star Correspondent of the Evcnlna Ledger
In France.
PARIS, July 1.
WHAT .would you do if the authorities,
city. State or national, should suddenly
decrco out of tho majesty of their power
that you could not havo that piece of cus
tard plo for lunch? Or that the wife at
homo could not buy those chocolato eclairs
you liko so much for dessert after a hard
day's work at the oflico? It's a sure gamble
you would say a few things and want to
know exactly why, and It's pretty sure, too,
thero would bo Indignation meetings all
over town If nil tho pastry shops and fancy
bakeries of Philadelphia wero compelled,
under governmental order, to closo down
two days a week, with, ns added balm, the
announcement that for two full (and empty)
months from Juno 1 there would be noth
ing doing In the fancy cako line, not only
in Philadelphia, but tho country over from
jcoast to coast.
O-cr hero In Paris the little eye-cntranc-Ing,
dellclously tasting "gateau" sold, in the
patisserie shops has anything beaten by
forty blocks that wo mako at home. And
this samo llttlo cako, or cakes, for the
variety is Infinite, Is a regular institution
with the Parlslenne and the iWlslen, and
the littles of both sexes, who from time
Immemorial have "tasted" between four and
five every afternoon, eating tho goo'dles of
chocolate nnd whipped cream and fancy
fruit and grated nut a la chocolate sundae,
all combined with a delicate, flaky crust that
melts In the mouth.
But exemplary of the spirit and unity of
France, every sacrifice entailed through the
war is accepted without a murmur. And
now, in the same manner, every one bows
to the. two-dayia-week suppression of the
time-honored custom "de gouter," to sup-
press which Is like taking away the Eng
llshman's 5 o'clock tea and some more.
At the regular hours, men, women and chil
dren thronged the many attractive pastry
shops and ate on the spot two or three
of the wonderful little cakes, for which
ll T3 ..- I. I. .-.!.. '
uu iiuuw juon, mmous. They are
very email, very cheap and very, very
good. They are -made in combinations that
would make the mouth of a wooden In
dian water. And everybody eats them,
the .high and the, low, the rich and the
poor. For a little time 'past- these pastry
s'hops have been closed under' decree upon
Tuesdays and Wednesdays. It's a question
of economy tn sugar and wheat
A new decree appeared that for two
montns gooa-Dy imie gateau. Those whoH
wum to. "gouter' must be satisfied with dry
blseuU or cracker at home. And instead of
a kick, all Pari shrugs its shoulders, saya
"C'est la guerre," and turns with patriotic
satisfaction to a Perusal of tha communique,
The spirit thua d .played hM been Yhe
same all along- the line. The coal question
and the augar question, tha latter hoVreJu"
U.edr by cards giving each individual rla-ht
to a given4 Quantity. oer w.v- h. -..',,"'
question 'teguUtea-'Jl-ttwiii. vT..","w"V
,f :,U&.braa4-iaa-UM loiiiuvKIl:
all the other petty problems growing out
of the war nro taken as a matter of course.
With the announcement that from the first
of May there" would no two meatless days
a week for noncombatants everybody
smiled, and, as In tho case of tho time
honored and well-beloved little "gateau,"
asked each other If they liked their fish
boiled or fried, and repeated: "C'est la
guerre. Cela marcho blen au front, n'est
pas?"
It's this spirit of all France behind the
front that Is so wonderfully admirable a
thing. It has shown equally Jn big and
llttlo things, and will continue to show in
liko proportion ns circumstances or au
thority may decldo to restrict this or that
which In times of peace wo wrongly con
sider life without to bo a delusion nd a
snare. For ono could well Jive and be happy
without custard pie or chocolato eclairs if
ono would Just think it over; and particu
larly when such petty nothings are added
weights in the crushing of barbarity.
WHAT IAN HAY HAS DONE
rnv'3 " rial, curo for P"slmlsm Is 'Hay
fever,'" dec ares .T. t. rv.ni.... .1 -".
writer In .h t ","' "'"' " --nglisn
........ ""mini uooKman,
In tlltllnli
nntiMro o Knnna. ... . tlt ""-
i.. "aiiuam, Biuuy or tho author.
Slrmcon,.an.iI"y' tB ' ho""'" cottM
air. t-olllns, "has made I terature out of
ZTta?, b.arracks llfa where many" men
had faled before, and he has created a
jnasterpleco In tho very teeth nt ?
flons5' trVtiT nnd "'' Pr "due0
ThT C n'n'&J", .L "!. .!" "my.
I rnn Cllrrrrn... ... .
scurrility in Fleet streY w-ould be to give'
r?IJay lh dmin8 ot a leader-pago nil
toon for several hours a day on the Horse
Guards naradp. Possibly the exuberant
cheerfulness which has won so effertuaHv
with the censor Is the same quality which
has made this .Incorrigible SrT l.-
ef."0' Nor li tnef"8h and A.can read
late he has p'ayed, in a manner oYseak
is the same quality which
incorrigible Scot a prime
ngllsh and Ama.unH ..
ers. Nor Is there any real limit t .i
adaptability of talent like Ian Hay's o?
late he has maved. in .'" "ay s' 9f
Mb to poplar 3S1S
struct Vh.m i "av'nS Bne there to In
struct them In what wo British hA., t.
doing he has come back to teach us t2
America has not been Idle, but on ?h
ssaa "nGeWTor
important share In hinin,r?,.?.a.l"ot-.an
ravll8tan'lardlle Arlca-V opinion and
rally his countrymen over .,. 'V," " tT1.tl
vide." "" u'eai up.
WHY, OH WHY?
The wie Men sit in tha hi, .
Their l? thf Plp" ofhe.asheYbr '
Th6lr anY 8h.ayr6h StTS?, S" "
And they blink as they ask 0f ," B4ae'
' derer's Moon ove? the bHiow- - an
"What has become of th. Bhlp"fF(5i,"-a
the gossamer sail she swung?
"She's a long time gone, and we cru w
doom on the day aha put fr i her
A madness lies In the path Z't&T "hore-
That the measure of Love Is o,,.
and the .tandard'oVweaTtS10!. $
The Wise Men sip in the Marv.t t'
Pin., ied rolk S-yj S Ina- Sat"
Plllar and prop ot the Board of T .
i .vnever bt to pay TrlSe' w"h
But th; Ship-of root, ll'unv ,n th
: -&r v.M.V'Hto
WSaWaWW-.;-
AMERICA TEACHES'
i
uur ncip will Ho as Impft
cuto ns in, war
BOTH Russia and America will i
thft Inllmntn rAlntu-. . . ..-
'-MMiis into V
hnvn been thrnnrn K. i.
.... ., UID .,
when peace Is made and AmMe.!i
prise nnd skill can be used fn. rA
tho Iltisslan resources. This la ,3
n nil ...i, . ... . ""'.Oal
. .... -..i, , mmiiiar with the hui
ounu m uiu great nation.
Baroness Soulnv. wMn ..
court physician, devotes a chant.
book, "Itussla of Yesterday S&1
to the subject. Tho Russian, "aha
suspicious concerning vn.,."'..
underground. He believes that twl
that have sent b.n.nii. A.1 tnil
eternity cannot be liberated 1 wuh3
sacrifice of tho lives of the men J?5
rreo tnem. Thin la -..u.. ., . "'
been extensively engaged in. "
Tho Russian laborer Is afraM tJ
underground. Vrhern 1...1- .t. u W:
dangers which ho cannot fhtht u!
courngo of a man. dance M.. .v. .'
to him because they, aro Imaglnarr!
Itusnlnn bel even thnt h. ?"T."J
quakes and volcanoes in other tutH
world Is found in tho audacity or 1
i.i.,u,,u,giUtEi ,nai nirte bene,
surface. Yet ho will buv min .1 .!
then He down with his ear to the earu
.... .. ..-......,, .. iiiii-kh no can v..
spirits calling to him to freo them
Everywhere gold mines, copper mln'i
lenn nslnan Vina a I.-.- . r
. !" L ir """ 0Penea and thai
sorted. The officers of tho companion
In antn en aa ntnl.- .U. . . m i
... uu...w ...-.jw, dvuicii me money Inten
develop tho mines, posslblv fee tt.1 .
that they wcro afraid to brave the
bf tho subterranean world, ana J
too, becnuso grnft is tho rule of llf.
nine, icuduii iui uiu inuure nr th.
enterpriser! is found in the incapacity
Russian to completo what he has b
tauen.
American enterprlso and rnnr.n
American capital aro needed to hri. i'9
surface tho great untapped rlchea .I
Ant.n,... T. ...lit ,.1 .1 - . wa
vuuii.,;. v win iubo lime lor Anirl
iu uujusi iiiviiiKi-ivea 10 me uusslan ha)
thought, a habit somewhat orlent.i-A
(leiineration ana indirectness. But the
wmuii uiiB uiuuBiu me leaaers of demo
Russia to the front will makn n
more hospltablo to American ldeia'l
i'tv,w;. man it, liao over UGGn in Trial aa
We have tho opportunity to act as thf
uuairi as wen as me political school
iv ib iui uiu uuwiy uwairenea nation
ENGLISH AS AMERICANS USE
Hngllsh literary critics ever hv
causo for comment on American slanaj
ja wuncii uy juuei itun uutnors. Tnri
askance at first somo of the O. HenrrS
nacular nnd find fresh cause for coral
In Jack Lalt's writings. Following thfj
ncation or "iieer. iron nnd Wine" In I
don a critic in Everyman says of &1
i.ait story, ".May wo not quoto a senCI
from It by way of Illustrating the rich
In metaphor of tho American languanifl
had been caught short In the pass drWW
an active uourse ana soia out to the botji
slip. Tpls probably lias some me:
but tho editor docs not authorize 1
offer any prlzo for the best solution."
What Do You Know?-'
quiz M
1. How many airplanes nre provided forWa
new uniira mmra uir neeir
2. Name one of the members of the
commladon which ulll eame. tn A,
to represent Dutch lntereata in conn
unit American export. ,
3. What 'famous French aperaUe barlttMi
inr eiiiEfi 10 wru in inv armj,.
nnvina rriuncu iu og muiiai7
when a young man?
4. Does "quota." in the ease or tat maa
draft, mean tlin number of men aa 1
no raiiea iur imjBicai cxaaunautn n
earn unincir t-i
S. Who Is the chairman of he National (
mlttee ot Patriotic and Defense 8aclj
6. Explain the I.ntJn phrase "Ilmeo Da.
. dona ferentes." .
7. AVho Is slated to succeed Major General I
1.. ncott, v. . a., as eniei or til
the army upon retirement? -.,-,
8. In what novel by a nineteenth .teata
liritisii author is mere a premcuon
irreut uur. and England'! put In 4
n. Wlint la a "nrotean artist"? 3-'
10. What nntlonal linthem forms the
banls of the unHerslty aont ot 1
country? '
Answers to Yesterday's Qulz.'J
1. The original meaning of "boarw,?
trencn, is --purse.
2. The miftnenslnn nf ennfttthltlonal ana
means the abrosatlon of such, rltb
trial hy Jury, liauea corpus, etc., i
a stale or nmriiai law.
3. filnm Ik rennrtef in lime declared
stale of war between herself ana
many and Austria exists.
4. National Guard artillerymen wear, as
tlngultmiiK murK, u untm reu uai
5. Nikolai lnlne la a Russian radlcall
1st, nt pre.tent under suspicion ot I
Rfllllatlons.
6. Adioeates of nntlon-n-ide prohibit!"
the national House). of. IlepreitnH
Insist that they will Hint tor trie r
tlon of the 'bfliie-urj" clause u
food hill.
7. Felixstowe, bombed by Teuton alrfrafH
HUI1UU7, IB IUCUICU IU .noc, ...
8. The Identity of "The Man In. toy-
Mask." n political prisoner in
..I... .II..1 In I "ill Is iinLnntfn.
n. "Thn Liberator of Texas" was General i
Houston. '(4
10. ronr years is the ordinary penou oi-i
ice In the marine corps.
AN EXECUTION AT 17TH A?
GREEN
milE last public execution Jn Phlll
phia took place on way i.
James Moran had shipped on boa
Rnhnnnn- Wllllnm Wire nn n. SSSIX
Boston lato'ln" 1836. Tho vessefc
bound for Rio Janeiro.
A quarrel ' between tho captain,
Moran started shortly after tho schojl
put to sea. Ward, tho mate,
Moran, and tho latter was then"3
below nnd nut In Irons. Ho was w
down and scantily fed on blscuJU.'
the third day he was released and on
to dijty. During the following nlgj
went to the captain's cabin and ati
hint, then killed Ward nnd thre
body overboard? Tho captain (who'll
died) and tHo mate being thus ren
from the bridge, Moran and a Sf
Bailor named Garcia took comma
tho ship. Later Moran had Garcia!
htf inn cmlln.o TTInnllv nnvpral rflB
of the crew overcame Moran, tledfl
down nnd tbok the vessel into P
buco, the dying captain being M
como on deck at tho last and help
tho navigation of the, vessel.
Philadelphia 'was tho first Am
port at which tho vessel touched q
return from tho tropics. Moral)
convicted in th United States 'C
Pnnrt. hnfnrn Tnrliro TJnMnHn. SuA
tence'd to death. He waa confined fj
Eastern Penitentiary. The cltyj
greatly excited by the ale of this!
rlous "pirate." Everybody want
see him, and nearly everybody '
seo him die. On May lfl a corap
marines from the navy yard took i
from the penitentiary under
marching through tho streets to the
of execution.
The 'gallows were erected ab
middle of Schuylkill Sixth street j
Intersection of Green street" thi
Seventeenth and Green. Thoua
men, women and children pac
streets' abefut the gallows and
ftakt4 Ka..a . wi..;, .ii...41l
- ". -iiciar- ivMvvvpi
viwaaon k fVcoaier.Di amou