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Ifeiger
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W. H. whaler, Directors.
) .
i.lH EDITORIAL nOAIlD:
i'- Ctici It. K. Ccstis, Chairman.
. H. VTHALEY Editor
't9HN C. MAHTIN. .General Duilnwa Manner
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THE AVEBAOi: NKT PAID DA1LT CIIl
CUATION OP THE EVENING LEDQEIl
Fon ArniL was lm.oa
I'hil.d.lphl.. f iturd.y. Majr 12, 111?
If you llvo outside- tho city raise n
pig Instead of a poodle and you'll llnd
that the pen li as mighty as the sword.
"Feed the chicken on meat scraps."
says a New Jersey farming expert, "iml
avo grain." Hut It would bo cheaper
to kill tho chicken.
The oratorical patriot thinks ho In
aprved his country when he raises a
slogan, but ho often hesitates when It
comesv to raising a gun.
John I.. Sullivan declares the
Kaiser Is afraid of lloohovelt. Amer
ica Feems to havo similar qualms, Jmlg
Ins from tho fato ot tho Senate's T. 11.
amendment.
If men In light-hearted Ameilcii
can be as pesslmlstlf its some of those
ono meets every day, what must be the
pessimism of the average man In foe
nclrclcd Germany, the homo of pessi
mism?
"The Kast Is tho home ot the clack
W," says a Washington dispatch. As
Pennsylvania holds tho recruiting lecord,
It Is evident that tho Government must
be rating this Commonwealth as it
Western State,
Naturally "flags" will be n fcatute
'of the forthcoming flower show in Uittcn
house Square. In less patriotic times It
Is permissible to call these pretty plants
Irises, but tho moro popular name must
now certainly prevail.
One way of relieving tho strain on
Wheat, which has advanced to S3.U3,
should be the eating of corn bread, which,
When served hot, Is so delicious n, dish
that the wonder is that any one who once
tastes it ever goes back to wheat bread
again.
It Is always it plcasuio to fine
street-cleaning contiactors, but it Is 11
costly pleasure. The $8257 the city col
lects from them for April derelictions is
not a big enough monthly income to pay
for the ravages of disease caused by dirt
In the. spring and summer months.
Strawberry shortcake may bo eaten
freely and without qualms of conscience.
European Ignorance of this dessert ab
solves us from the cruel burden ot sur
rendering It for deportation. Any Amer
ican who enlightens Franco or England
as to tho merits of this dainty should be
Branded as a public enemy.
On tho very day that Senator Vine
mado a clean sweep ot all the contracts
for Ieaguo Island Park he ,was lined
more than $3000 for failing to sweep
clean tho streets In the central patt of
the city. All of which shows that tho
clean-up qualifications of political con
tractors are usually directed along ave
nues of finance.
Tho Russian thieves who held a
mass-meeting In Petrograd tho other day
and pledged themselves to turn over a
new leaf plainly tamo to tho conclusion
that oven the high cost of virtuous living
was preferable to identifying themselves
morally with the robbers of Belgium,
Storhln AlsnrA. Pnlnnrl. Vnrtltppn Vrnnpn
., --
j"K5tj-,.nd so on and so on.
A natural longing to hear his native
4- .CWMftus miivu ,uu tut,; ww 1ui ,1; 1 vau,!t-
i'-r. aUhlat for Renft Vlvlanl's linstv rifn.irtiirn
I-T .., A .nw mn.. mn.- Kn .!., . .,.
&,-' for Canada, whilo Marshal Joffro docs tho
.honors of France to Boston. 'Tho aver-
;4C-lsT eastern Canadian is certainly to be
!Vamvted his ability to comprehend In , nil
' Mar e-xaulslts DOllsh the eloquent orntorv
...& 4ta f?a11t 4tn1rviaf nriH Dnn,Anlntii.n
.;, Vila VJ..w .,.fr,..., ,. ujjjj. t;i.l(lWUIl
'being understood ought to be very wel-
so to M. Vlvlanl after these trying
of applause coming in tho wrong
On the whole. It seems a pity
t tho French envoys, If only for their
' lOswn saiisiaciiuii unu uuuuuii, couiu not
'rJhive visited New Orleans. There they
fMikl nave seen how much of the spirit
lis origin lit preserved amid the
uantly contrasting elements of Amerl-
life.
tw . -.
.1 . . .
Army officers in embryo at Fort
, have a good opportunity to study
,'kfttlo grounds of a war In which
una America, now aiuea, lougnt
' other virtually to. a standstill. Tho
tralnln camp Is not so very far
two, of tho most hotly contested
rfMne inconclusive war 01 ipiz.
;ot CMppevva and .Lundy's
llko minor engagements comparod with
tlio tremendous conflicts of tho present,
but It was nt Chippewa that Wlnfleld
Scott, llicn only n colonel, won Ills spurs.
Tlmt hlsj Bflrvico In tho l'ort Niagara
country was ntlmlrnblo training was later
superbly proved In his great march from
Vera Cruz to Moxco City In 1847. Any
posalhlo Scotts that arc In tho making
now nt tho oIllcerH' camp havo at least
tho Inspiration of appropriate historical
atmosphere.
WE HAVE A FOOD DICTATOR;
LET'S FIRE HIM
IUADMUSHII' nnd control nro so ncccs
J stiry that even pirates appoint a
captain. The "boss"' nover seems to the
average worker to do much work until
tho "boss" Is away, and tho worker has
to rely entirely upon his own Initiative
and Judgment. A government whose
peoplo arc led only by persuasion nnd
sweet reasonableness Is not a govern
ment. Kvery one has been asked to economize
In food nnd every ono Is not doing It,
either because every ono thinks every one
clso Is economizing or because he thinks
every ono clso is not. If tho rest of tho
world Is good, ho can afford to bo bad;
If the test of the world Is bad, ho mlsht
as well bo bad, too. Wo nro llko blind
folded soltllets who cannot tell whether
they nro keeping step with each other or
not. What is needed is a leader who will
control the sale and tho sellers of food.
Wo do not need a food dictator, because
wo havo one already tho speculator. To
piove that wo have, Mr. Hoover has only
to point to the fact that tho former did
not tcallr.o $1.30 per bushel for tho 1910
wheat harvest, whlla tho present quota
tion is $3.2.i. This would bo an outrage
in peare tlmi. It is treason during war
To sit down and watch flour mount to
ward the $20-a-harrcl point would bo to
court panic. Tho situation is setious, but
far fmm hopeless In a country so prolific
In perishable substitutes for tho pre
scrvable and transportable foods wo aro
wasting. Congress lias wasted time
enough over the conscription of men. Less
time can be spared In dallying over the
conxcrlptlon of food.
AMIKHT AS CONSTANT INK'S IIKIU
'rniiKUi: are no tricks In plain and sini-
I- pie faith," said Human Hrtitns. The
spit it of his wot ds is assuiedly what
moves those Allied diplomats wno aro
repotted to ho considering the plan of
turning over Constantinople and the Hns
phorus to nelglum in tho ovent of Ger
many's defeat. Tho unfaltering faith of
Flanders and the courage of the martyred
Belgian people may finally solve the Tur-key-ln-Kiirope
problem, long provocative
of so much stilfe. Civilization trusts
nelglum. Iter snow-white plume of honor
Is unstained.
HiissI.i'h teieiit renunciation of teirl
tori il gains in tho war slgnltlcantiy siig
gcsteil that the old imperialistic dream
of the Slavic acquisition of the Hosplio
1 us was no mote. The new idealism of
tho lonlllrt. eloquently emphasized by
President Wilson, almost fotblds tho
thought of Itrltlsh or French occupation
ot tho straits. To hold out such a ptizc
as a fruit of lctory to these two nations
which now disclaim sellWh motives Is to
act on the Get man principle of greed.
And et. as tho Turk must be driven
from Huiopc, certainly some one of the
sister nations of demociacy and civiliza
tion must contiol tho undent city of the
Hyzantlnc Caesars. The Ualkan lands
cannot bo considered. Were any one of
them given power over the Hosphorus a
new source of friction in the Near East
would be inevitably created.
From Amet leans this means ot reward
ing tho valiant little kingdom, whoso right
eous motives In tho war cannot be ques
tioned, would icmovo many disquieting
doubts. The Constantinople question has
been making us uncomfortable. It
seemed whollvout of key with our alms in
tho fray. Hut laigely because of the out
lago against Belgium wo entered Arma
geddon. If tho happy day should aniv
when tlm orange, yellow and black of
King Albert's dauntless people flies over
tho city of Constantino, Americans can
study honor that unsullied emblem with
out misgiving, but with Joy nnd pride.
KKEP THE T. H. SPIRIT BUT ONLY
AS A SPIRIT
THE value of being unique lies In being
tho only one of your kind. AVe can be
so thankful for having ono Roosevelt
that It Is 1111 easy compliment to tell him
that we aro equally thankful for having
only one.
Our Allies havo applauded the right
eous Indignation and fervotjt call to arms
that the nanio Hoosevelt means nbioad.
But It we had had a thousand Hooscvelts
wo would havo had a volunteer army
nnd the applause would soon have died
down. We would have had not much
moro than those "western cowboys and
eastern sports" that Colonel Harvey
noked fun at. Now wo will have them.
nnd In addition a great number of engi
neers .and other specialists and a host of
carefully prepared and earnest fighters
who never saw tho plains or tho Inside ot
uclub.
Thcro are 200,000 men who say they
will follow Hoosevelt anywhere, but to
increase that number to 1,000,000 by the
Hoosevelt volunteering plan would have
been to run tho risk of dislocating indus
try, business, banking and everything
elso that can bo affected by indiscrimi
nate recruiting. The paradox of tho sit
uation was that noosevelt was tho llrst
man to demand conscription and tho
last man to abandon the volunteer idea.
Ho has tho faculty of grasping both
horns of the dilemma at once without
getting gored. Somo men nro for con
scription because Hoosevelt Is for it. Some
are for volunteerlsm Because Hoosevelt
Is for It. He was everywhere at once; one
saw him busy getting up steam in the
boiler room, only to go up on deck to see,
with a shock, that the Colonel was on the
brldgo nt the helm at tho same time. He
was so constantly visible that he be
camo Invisible.
But this is precisely why the Colonel's
spirit Is so valuable an American asset,
because It always remains spiritual.
Many people do vote for good government
because the Colonel smashed American
politics and his own political career talk
Ing about good government. They are
really more praptlcal about winning tho
war because the Colonel was so eager to
win. It that he would not be practical
VERDICT IN THE
GREAT TAX CASE
Findings of the Ways and Means
Committee Must Pass the
Criticism of Congress
Spednl Corrc;ondcn Kventng Ledger
WASHINGTON". Mny 12.
Ara:rt Cght days )n n i0Klslatlvo "Jury
Xi. room," tho Ways and Means Committee
of tho House of Iteprcsctitntlves brought In a
verdict this week. It assessed damages In
favor of tho Government In tho sum of
$1,800,000,000, which Is tho largest amount
ever charged against tho peoplo of the
United States In any single case. It would
bo Idlo to fay tha Jury hnd no difficulty in
reaching Its conclusions. Tho Jury had tho
largest Job ever tackled by any similar body
of men, nnd It had no precedents to guide It
It labored hard to ronvlnco Itself that Its
verdict was Just, but having been 1 barged
by the presiding Judge. In this c.ipc the
President of the United States, to find a
fixed amount for the Government use. It did
so with about ns much enthusiasm as tho
average Jury brings In a erdlct of murder
In tho rlrst degree. Hut the Jury knew that
thcro would bo nti appeal from Its crillct
to tho IIouso of Representatives nnd from
the House of Hepresentntlves to the Senate,
and that Its eidlct was not final after all.
What the Verdict Moans
The verdict of this legislative Jurv was
not made known definitely until Thursday,
but U to that time, due to the usual leaks
that scatter piecemeal Information from
thn legislative Jury room, enough was
known nbout tho dlcu?slona of the Jury
to tnako tho telegraph wires hot with pro
tests from every corner of the Vnltcil
States. Despite all thce. however, and
notwithstanding numerous hurry-up calls
from excited business men who eanie ruh-
Ing to Washington, tho Jury stuck to Us
Job nnd unloaded Its work upon the Ilnue
It was not altogether a unanimous rillct,
although the majority was so strong as to
make futile a single vote In opposition to
the bill Thn report accompanying the ver
dict told the story of the mental and finan
cial labors of tho twenty-three tnen of the
Wnys and Means Committee, who under
stood full well that their action, oven though
dictated by tho war necessities set forth by
the Pre'ldcnt anil the Secretary of tho
Treasury, would mean a thousand explana
tions to the vnt number of constituents
who would be directly affected.
Distribution of the Burden
This nrtlclc Is not written to Justify the
bill, nor even to sympathize with tho mem
bers of Congress whose duty it was to pre
pare It. Tho bill Is bail enough, but It hnd
to he. The committee was obliged to show
tho ways and means of rah log the sum
needed by tho President to get the war with
Germany started Neither Is this article
intended to approve In toto tho manner in
vvlilih the distribution of taes Is to be
made Tho bill ns dually 1 (-ported In tho
newspapers tells that story In part. What
this article is Intended to convoy Is the
suggestion thnt thn bill t.ikrs good rate
that the law products nt tho eouutiy which
aro very expensive In the large cities are
not burdened with taxes, whllo all indus
tries engaged In tho fabrication ot raw
products are severely taxed This Is due.
largely, to geographical conditions nnd to
tho strength of tho voting powtr from ngtl-
cultural section There was no hesita
tion In levying taxes upon business and
Industilal enterprises vhetcver found, or
even upon success. Hut raw materials,
such as cotton nnd grain, or other commodi
ties which aro now bringing high price,
were treated with extreme consldctatlon
The Inclusion of a 10 per cent horizontal
tnrlft rate on Imports now entered free and
on dutiable Imports wits probably the most
general of the paragtaphs of the bill as
related to the entire population.
Working Up the Farm Movement
On tho day Chairman Kltchln reported
his great tax hill the chairman of tho
Agricultural Committee, Mr. I.ever. of South
Carolina, called up his $lS,r,00,O0O bill, pto
viding for a survey of the farms of the
United Ptates, It was tho llrst ot several
of. the war bills intended to boost the
American farm In connection with tho le
norted food scarcity. It was admitted In
debate that, whllo the Department of Agri
culture now employs about 17,000 men and
women gathering Information nbout tho
fnim and otherwise developing It, tho new
bill would provide nbout 7000 more places
at salaries approaching $2500 per annum
The exclusion of farm labor from conscrip
tion for fighting purposes nccersarlly en
ters Into a discussion of this kind, and tho
city man In Congress may be pardoned for
Inquiring whether tho present Administra
tion means to draw chiefly upon tho cities
for Its fighting men and Tor Its taics, In
ni.p tbat those who (lock to tho farm
service nt good Government salaries may
avoid the battlefield. Whether such a sug
gestion is Justinablo or not, the rural dis
tricts aro sufficiently strong in both leglsl.i
tlve bodies to drive a good bargain nt tills
critical time with all thoso who, seeing a
new light, arewllllng to engage In a "back-to-the-farm"
movement.
North Carolina's Big Hand
The "Tar Heel State," It Is worth men
tioning, is playing a big 'hand In present-
day legislation. The chairman of tho
Ways and Means Committee of the House,
which drafted tho $1,800,000,000 tax bill.
Is Claude Kltchln, of Noith Carolina. Tho
chairman of the Senate Committee on
Finance, which will have charge of the bill
on the Senate side, is Furnlfold McL. Sim
mons, of North Carolina. Tho chairman
ot the House Committee on Rules Is Mr.
Pou, of North Carolina, and the cnalrman
of the Senate Committee on Rules Is Sen
ator Overman, of North Carolina.
If draBtlc action becomes necessary In
either House, North Carolina, through the
Rules Committee, Is in a fine position to do
business with the rest of tho country. In
any ovent, when the greatest tax measure
of history goes Into conference between
thfi Senate and the House, Senator Sim
mons and Mr. Kltchln, both ot North Car
olina, will be the leading conferees. The
great State of Pennsylvania, which will
have to pay so large a proportion of all
the taxes agreed upon 'under these auspices,
will have a powerful representative on tho
Conference Committee In Senator Penrose,
the ranking Republican on the Senate
Finance Committee, And as the House
gets through with Its work, It Is fair to
presume ttiat Senator Penrose, being the
Pennsylvania member or what may be
termed the "Appellate Tax Court," will
have his hands full.
7 I flu 11 -i i"y "
Tom Daly's Column
WHAT TltUY HUM"
The babu wants tho aoarlno moon,
The Kaiser u-ants the earth:
The Csar would like Til Mnodom back,
The Kerbs a quiet, hearth.
The Itritlsh want the Ucrihan goal,
trnf seek it In Us haunt.
Jlut no one knotcs for certain xchat
The heck the Irish want.
The Hussions leant a temperate port,
The Japanese want US;
Italia, wants Trcntlno and
The Greeks would like to cuss.
The pacifists they want a jolt,
The "willful men" a licking.
Hut what is this mysterious boon
for which old li eland's kicking f
The J'rcnch they want Alsace-Lorraine
To he of their oum nation;
Ui air llclglum wants her country back
The Turks want fumigation.
Hut though we search the skies and seal,
.ltiff i7iic.9(ion till we're gaunt,
There's no otic knoirs for certain what
The heck the Irish want! C. H. T.
Will some inglorious, but not bo nliny
manner o' means mute, Milton nrlsc upon
his two feet and sit upon this Sassenach'
A Letter
(sent to drain ctltlo by the lady's manager)
Tho famous Jewish tragedino Malvlne
I.ober In Arcli Street Theatre In the Sales
lady Malvlne I.olnl has tetumed from a six
mouthu enggm.iuts from llticnos Aires Ar
gentina wherever Mnlvlno I-obel played her
.icportnlro all tho papers was full with
entusinntle critics about .Mnivino i.ooei. sno
lately played In New Yoik Malvlne Lobel
plajed In threo langughcs her famous Hollos
Madam X and Camllle she plnycdct In Ger
man Kngllsh and Spanish, now Mnlvlno
l.obel makc-i a tour allover the United
States with her leading man Jacob Cone In
tho Saleslady and Mad X.
ABOUT twenty years ago, when the old
Arch Slicet llrst bceatno a Yiddish the
utrc, vc, prowling nroiind In scncli of
something to writo about, piescntcd mil
self at tho highest-priced door. Wc
showed our police card, Tho dotirtcndcr
said, "Vure'H jour ticket?" Wo started
to explain, hut ho laid u broad palm on
our chest protector nnd shunted us bark,
meantime calling to nn usher, "Hey, Juke,
tell dcr boss hero's a feller vants in fur
nolhlnk." The boss camo ii-runnlng, and
wo could havo told what he'd bo llko
before we saw tho headlights Hashing In
his shirt-front. 1 to hud tho fur-lined
overcoat and tho high hat, too. He was
most hospltiiblo when ho was told what
wo hnd it in our mind to do and Jnko was
appointed our special guide, philosopher
nnd ft lend. Ho lnterptctcd the play for
us, bit by bit, ns It progressed upon the
stage. The thing was n classic and we
set it down with care, nnd wo wrote our
story with more than ordinary Joy in our
work. Hut wc havo no copy of it; It is
a lost sunset.
oimiTins
The pi lie of 11ml li iioir .so high
Thai poor fnlk can't oftmtl In hug;
Yrl In the coal jmri cv'iy dag
The coalmen give their coal a weigh.
I'lrasr answer IhU: Arc bli'rh ilaotit?
They don't crhoit or "nmen" .shout;
And yet I heard somebody say
"The fugle is a bird 0 prey."
Who made the first shoe in the past
Was after him ivha made the last,
Jlecau.se the first could never be
i'litil the last lias made, you see.
The ocean's waters, so they say,
Hoth ionic nZ f;o each night and day.
Hut never very far they go;
The rise and fall are tide, you know.
V. NUT.
IT SCRIM. V did look at ono time ns
If Clean-up Week would get by without
a notice in this column, but licie, nt the
last minute, comes this:
The youngster brought home n com
position nn "Clean-up Week," nnd
gleefully showed mo that it was marked
"Excellent." Why not? Look at tho
first sentence: "Our Major gave tho
people $1000 to clean up tho streets
and the nllics." GIMP.
Probably a Super-Sub
NOTHING in o. o. d. p. of late seems to
havo attracted moro attention than this
future-perfect (note the date) dispatch:
BERLIN". July 7. It Is officially an
nounced that Odessa, tho Russian port
on tho Black Sea, has been visited by a
German aeroplane, being tho first occa
sion in the war that a German submarlno
has flown over that city.
Oh, Then He's Moved From Here
Perhaps, pcrndventurcs C. C, S., jou
havo already heard that F. S. Ga.ss.uvay
Is head of a new nuto sales concern in
New Yoik city.
Mysterious Occupations
There must bo lots of queer nrtlsans in
this old world besides tho few that havo
mystified inc. Tho other day I noticed
a sign on Eighth street: "Burner-off for
the trade." Beforo I'm called to the front
I wish you'd tell me what lie does.
MAC 1BUR.
J'oin don't give way to hysteria
(Though May Is the month for wisteria)
We 7int'cn7 a doubt
That by looking about
You'll find quite a lot that's mystcrler.
IN Henri Bazin's article the other day
we were shown tho S. S. B. ns it looks in
French which Is Greek to most of us.
Here's a literal translation of the first
verse:
wy, It e you In tho ilawn whtteiiliur
Th flair vhos folds aro sprinkled with atsrs,
Which yesterday wo saluted In tho last fires ot
Upon Beelnn Ua lone folda float over th ramparts
And which acrou the night tha red glare of
I'a ahowa proudlv floating alwaa tn the wind?
Say, It see you floatlns alwaia more high
Over our land free and our homes without fearT
Dear Boss A new store nt Sixtieth and
Arch stretB displays the foiling sign In each
window:
Stationary
Cigars
This Is possibly an attempt to distinguish
them from the well-known "Excursion
Cigars." of which, you know, one side Is
smoked going up and the other coming
back. E. V. W.
The obliging saleslady In Glmbels' lamp
department was so full of suppressed
laughter she could hardly wait upon us.
"Better tell us the Joke," we said; "you'll
feel better." "A customer," giggled she,
"came In here tho lamp department,
mind you this morning and asked for
'or
ill-
I "SHOO!" liM9
tow ,&SMM& I
rir- fetovvi .'imcT. -sSvi'ff:;'-' i
.. i i ,
MYSTERY OF THE
It Contained Incriminating Letters Purporting to Be Written by
MaryQuccn of Scots She Said They Were Forgeries.
Unsolved Problem of Her Guilt
By JOHN ELFRF.TII WATKINS
"F
Ai:i:Wi:LL, France, farewell! I shall
never see thee moie!"
A beautiful gill ot nineteen, ensconced
upon a couch, wistfully viewed the French
con-u from the deck of n ossel which was
bearing her hack tn her native .Scotland.
She was Mary Sttmit. who, upon the death
of her father, James V. had been crowned
Queen ot Scots when a child of only ten
months, nnd who, after having boon spe
cially educated In France for a marriage
with tho Dauphin, had married that prince
ling when sho was only sixteen. A jear
later her husband had ascended the French
throne, but her reign as Queen of France
had In another year been cut short by his
untimely death. And now this spirited girl,
still In her teens, was both Dowager Queen
of tho French and lelgnlng Queen of Scot
laud. Tho depression which Queen Mary suf
feted on seeing her beloved Franco fade
from her sight was a shadow cast upon
her by coining events. Immediately upon
landing In Scotland sho became Involved
In quarrels with her peoplo because of her
adherence to the i-aihoui! laun, in wuicn
shn hnd been real oil. And sho wns drawn
Into a dispute with tier cousin, Queen
Elizabeth of England, whoso legitimacy waa
disputed and whoso throne was claimed
for tho young Queen of Scots. But Queen
Mnry's worst troubles began when her un
cles set about to find for her a second hus
band. After divers nobles bad been sug
gested to lfer, she was finally persuaded to
share her throno with Lord Darnley, son
of tho Earl of Lennox, but after their mar
rlago sho discovered hhn to be a. vicious
weakling, nnd her Justified contempt for
him aroused his bitter Jealousy. Suspect
ing her attachment for David nizzo, her
French secretary, the King had the for
eigner assassinated under her very ejes.
This crime but Increased the Queen's con
tempt for her consort, nnd thereafter her
friendship for tho EaC of Bothwcll became
tho subject of comment.
Marriage to Bothwcll
As Unthwell aided Mary Stuart when alt
others seemed to desert her, she had clung
to his strong arm. But unfortunately for
them both, the young King was Just at this
precarious time blown up with gunpowder
while In a lone home. Bothwcll, uftcr
having been tiled and acquitted of this
murder, was recommended by the nobility
for tho Queen's husband, but, throwing
ceremony to tho winds, ho was returning
with her suite to Edinburgh and, llko Loch
Invar, he carried her by rorce to his castlo
nt Dunbar. Then, ooiaining a nurrieu
divorce from his wife, ho married Queen
Mary a few days afterward, Thereupon'
the Scotch nobles, outraged by tho adven
ture, raised a rebellion against tho Queen
nnd locked her up In Lochlevln Castle. But
sho escaped to England to seek tho protec
tion of her cousin Elizabeth.
Her abdication having beeen forced, her
evil half-brother, James Stuart, Earl of
Murray, illegitimate son of King James,
was now made regent for her Infant son.
But by escaping into England Mary Stuart
had but fallen from the frying pan Into the
fire. Elizabeth, still Bmartlng from her
cousin's former claim to tho English throno,
decided that sho must investigate certain
CONFUSING THE PHILATELISTS
It wilt bo recalled that early In tho
90s an attempt was mado to counterfeit
the then current twocent stamps, with the
result that the Government Introduced the
watermark. TrjH device was retained until
1916, when the practice was abandoned ns
useless, partly because the watermark
showed only Indistinctly on the paper used
for our present stamps. An unwater
marked series, of course, constituted a new
Issue, distinct from the watermarked stamps
of the same dealgn. The new labels were
perforated 10, which means ten holes be
tween each stamp. Many complaints were
received In Washington that the stamps per
forated 10 did not separate readily. Thus
it now transpires that another new Issue
appears, this time perforated 11 and hence
not so susceptible to tear when being taken
apart hurriedly. All this is pleasing to the
specialist, but creates confusion for the
average stamp coueumr W,u u nvi ,at
.triet attention to watermarks and perfora-
'
SILVER CASKET
charges that Mary had conspired with
Bothwcll to assassinate her second husband
charges that had been made by the Eai I
of Murray, who, of course, wished to re
tain her throne. As proofs of her guilt,
Murray placed beforo a commission of In
quiry a silver casket alleged to havo been
given to Mary tiy her first husband, tho
young King of France, nnd to havo been
given by her to Bothwcll. It contained lovo
letters and sonnets alleged to have been
written In her own hand to that lord : also
two papers, one In her own hand and ono
subscribed by her.
These letters, If genuine, contained In
contestable proofs of a criminal correspond
ence hetween Mary and Bothwcll. of her
consent to tho King's murder and of her
concurrence In Bothwell's plot to kidnap
her and carry her off. Claiming this evi
dence to havo been forged, Mary Instructed
her commissioners to Ignore it. And Blnce
then Great Britain has been divided Into
two camps, thoso believing that sho wrote
the celebrated "casket letters" and those bc-
Uevlng them to have been spurious. Al
though theso letters hnd enjoined Bothwell
to burn them, ho had 'twas alleged fool
ishly committed them to the custody of the
deputy governor of Edinburgh Castle, who
In revenge for a later slight had allowed
ono of Murray's henchmen to Intercept
them.
Evidence For and Against Her
By those who have believed Mary guilty
It has been argued that Murray would not
havo staKca his success on forgeries des
tined to pass muster beforo many shrewd
Investigators; that tho verbosity ot the
letters proved their genuineness; that they
contained particulars which nobody elso
would havo thought to Invent; that they
detailed a conversation between Mary and
tho murdered king that was afterward re
called by a gentleman ns having been te
latcd to him by tho king, nnd that tho Duke,
of Norfolk was fully convinced of her guilt.
On tho other hand, It seemed absurd that
any one so shrewd as Mary Stuart should
havo confided such Indiscretions to paper:
that any ono so wily ns Bothwell should
havo preserved Incriminating cvidenco
ngalifst himself, and that the Duke of Norfolk-,
If convinced of her having murdered
her Kceond husband, would have later so
zealously tried to become her fourth con
sort. Furtheimore, Investigation of char
ters and other deeds slgned'hy Queen Mary
showed that she was not In the places men
tioned In the famous letters on tho days
assigned therein.
Moreover. Mary was a clever poet and
tho sonnets credited to her were crude and
Inelegant. She was a woman of refine
ment, and tho letters nttrlhuted to her
were to the last degree Indecent us well as
written in a crudo style to which she never
could have descended.
Later the "casket letters" mysteriously
disappeared. Some said that they wcro
destroyed by friends of her son, tho boy
King James, that every evidence of his
mother's supposed Indiscretions might bo
erased.
Whether genuine or not, the "casket let
ters" certainly helped to pave Queen Mary's
way to tho scaffold,
Tho truth concerning them will never be
known.
WHY?
Swept In by tho tide and cast' on Life's
bosom, '
Unwanted, uncalled for, an atom of
chance,
Oroplng and cursed by the sins of another.
Hopelessly watching the gray years ad-
vance.
Swept on by the tide, fit Its merciless sure
ing, Battered and lashed by black Poverty's
wave; '
A plaything of Fate, by Fate ill begotten
Wind-driven derelict, marked for the
grave. ;
Swept out, by the tide to the land of sur
mises ;
Questions unanswered, naught learned but
a cry.
Crushed by the strife of an unsought ex
istence;
Back to the Nowhere, murmurins; "Why,"''
. f
''',,-,xttSCWrc
m iitjMjyiM tii
;-X rf.W"-'ljWirVvM',3Vll Ml
; . ? 1
What Do You Know?
I f
Queries of pcnernl interest Kill ht nnu.rrti
(11 Mi colrmiH. Ten qnrttinns the aniurrt It
uMcZ. etrrj u.c1ltnformut icraon shvuid Knew,
are ashed daily. .
QUIZ
1, About lion- main- Amerlinn men will W re
quired to reKlsler fur -elective ilrail?
'i. Correct the l!iroo -'IielHien ou mill 1."
:!. The Mule Department rennrls VII nierl-
nns prisoners In. (.criiuin). Hon were
lhe imiturisl.'
I. Tlir Madeleine is 11 noted linllilliii:. Mliat
mid where Is It?
A Vtliut N tin Itinerant llehtcr.'
II. "Itlll" Ne wns tins naino nf n vell-l.nnwn
AmerWitii mifl Is the nnmo nf 11 llllng
Alnerhiiil. Ideullf.) the two.
7 Who Is Ilcnjninhi Tiippun?
8. Pronounce "envn,"
U, Vilint U nn anthropoid npe?
10. Mho Is II. lildrr lluKK.iril?
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1. The. Yellowstone National l'nrk lies tnostlr
in WMimliiK. It fXtt'iuN into Id iho una
Montana.
2, Hnnknn VII is King o' Norwu.v
II, A triple-nun turret is u turret mounting
three trims.
4. eeliructre, 11 Itelel.in seiunnst town, is A
(crniuii imviiI huso for operations uR.iiim
Knchind
fti
Root crops nro crops silill lis potutees. Iieet.
turnips, roillHicrt, onions nnn oilier irsr
tallies whoso roots nro eilllile.
0, All men moro thin twenti-one jenr oil!
and less tli.111 IMrtji-oiie sears old will le
MtiMeit tn draft, iierordtnie to an titree
meiit retidieil between 11 joint 11 -nnilltee ,
of the SHMinte mid llinisp i,f Itcprcstnta
I lies.
7. Astlcmitisin Is Inillstlmf llnn caused lJ
Imperfect foilislnu of the o.ves.
ft. Zionism Is n ninement to luivo Palestine',
the Holy I.nnil, transferred tn the ,lel
rmo ns a self-governlm: nation
0. r.mllln Agnlnnlilo led the I'tllplnn liisnrrisv
ttnn ncalnst Hits t'nlteil Mutes nfter the
Philippines were iiunhaseil l this roun
try from Sn.iln.
Id
A fompnrt Is nn ucreement or miitrartt aa
Impait Is a lolllslon or bpm.
Mi-Carcme
F. L. Ml-Carcme, or mid-Lent, l
marked by tho fourth Sunday In Lent, or.
strictly speaking, by tho Thursday pre
ceding It. This Sunday Is called Laetart
Sunday, from tho words of the mass for
that day, "Laetaro Jerusalem" "Hejolce,
O Jerusalem." Thn Catholic Church per
mits special signs of Joy in the liturgy with
tho object of encouraging tho people to
persevere for tho remnlniler of tho season
of penance; for Instnnce, flowers are allowed
on tho altar, and rosc-coloicd, Instead of
purple. Vestments may bo worn But tlicra
Is no iclaxation of tho fast,
Hebrew Citizens
I), G A Hebrew eltlren born In th
United Stutei or possessing citizenship
papers Is a citizen of tho United States nnd
tho United States Is his country. Just
much ns It Is tho country of nny other cit
izen. Tho statement to which you refer;
that "Jews do not fight," is not borne out
by tho records of casualties in the present
war, which show that many Jews have
fnllcn on both sides. Thcro nro numerous
Jews In tho United States nnn'y, navy ami
marlnq,corps and in tho National Guurd.
Boy Scouts
E. R. A, The Boy Soouts of America or
ganization is strictly nonmllltary For effi
ciency It has adopted a military typo of
uniform for the boys, but tho semblance
to militarism ends there. Boy Scouts often
are confused with members of other or
ganisations, military In chnracter, which
Include tho manual of nrniH. In lieu of
gun the Boy Scout carries n long stall,
which Is used for a variety of purpose
The object of tho Boy Scout movement
to encourage civic and social betterment,
personal health, patriotism and .morality,
A variety of courses ot outdoor and Ipdoor
study are offered, with merit badges M
incentives for excellence.
"Between 21 nnd, 31"
D. F, F. (a) Tho phrases
'between the-
ngca 01 tvveniy-one unu iinriy-"i' - -,
and "between tho ages of twenty-one ona
thirty years. Inclusive." hnvo exactly tn
same meaning. They mean ages more tnsn
twenty-one years nnd less than thirty-oiw
years. "Inclusive" after "thirty yea"
means more than thirty and loss than
thirty-one years, (b) Every man who h"
passed his twenty-flrst birthday but vr"
has nor reached his thirty-first birthday will
be liable for military service under the se
- . . .,.,,.. ,.irl
lective arait pian. r 1 -.
Nlnp-nra Falls -M
R. T Tho city of Niagara Falls, N, S4
1 t
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mayjiuyijM
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