SEErsifS
fe
HffN G. JOHNSON,
I, .DIES (SUDDENLY OP HEART DISEASE
"'t' V"?
ttfc ti fifteen ryer In which he lma
Mpm m counsel.
w,ui treat energy Involved In the
ktlen And argument of his Imnortant
Mr. Johnnon 4voted coniilderable
on to art His art collection contains
famous canvaaea of most of the treat
hv. He visited all parts of the world
Improve hla collection, which "la regarded
I one' of the .most costlv and nuthorltn.
Jthra extant.
.A casual caller at Mr. Johnson's offlce
E'the thirteenth floor of the Innd Title
tiding would not believe that the bushy.
Ited attorney with the nowy. drooping
' HItache bending; oer his books was tho
.aan of American lawyers
a spirit or friendliness shone In his eyes
rm ne turned to erect you. liven though
didn't agree with a visitor's -.lews, the
nor generally left tho office with the feel
that whatever side the sociable lawyer
I on must bo tlin r I oil I nn.
1 11. . -
T'ZX WODESTl" OV TltR illlllAT
fili Modesty was the keynote of Mr. John-
wni entire lire.
1 H didn't give him nnv nulet thrill In
rkla name or his Picture In the newsnnner
i r magazines. He had no time far irmliiiisn
L. He Abhorred social glories. Frivolity of
'th slightest degree was a stranger to his
t life.
f) lit1 annoyed him to hae to fuss up In
r fa In court ho wan only before the public
jyw tv4.i ovtlllitllia, up ku UIKUC I11 rnnl.',
?v 1 SIAU'LE METHODS
i', vM'" methods were quiet when ho first
p 'Detail to attack the enomy. There was no
jjvattempt at pyrotcchnlcal style But some.
?lhow or other there was usually an ominous
V1 silence when he began to lav the foundation
l.nof his case. It nlwnys showed thorough
. M preparation with an assembling of evidence
avj'and law that ionic! not be cried down by
ti'-'inawi ui iwuiiiiunutin. .Mr. .loiiusnu uhu
, VTalljr smiled and drummed his eyeglasses on
.5tne desk when counsel for the other side
.jj- :
HUMBLE START AND
t WON SUCCESS FOR JOHN G. JOHNSON
I'M,, John firmer Johnson nnd very few
jsinew nis mldalo name wns born In Chest-t-'jnut
Hill In 1841. His father was a blnck-
'i. smith nnd his mother n milliner, and when
fjfc child joung Johnson trudged .irouud In
uuii exclusive suourn delivering mo pais
STjttt his mother trimmed.
'At It was early In life that he started the
""? Powers of concentration and work, work,
?i1(wrk that later gained him his place In tho
itl'.l 'World. Altinil!?ll frnltlfr In arhnnl f.twl i!a.
tl .fl....l .... M ... .. ...
j uvciiuK nuia ior ins moiuer, ne siuuieu
! 1 hla regular lessons nnd In addition menior-
.. IsfW minv tt Qhal.an.n.n. nln... Iml.n.
veble to repeat many of them at length.
t?j-, Memory tra ninir or tn s sort rnnt nupri
fcrwhen he entered the Central High School
ST ?, when In his early 'teens, graduating there-
fftrom vlth tho degrco of bachelor of arts
!V lit 1858. Ho then entered tho law offleo
jfc,t Benjamin Hush and studied there with
S Jtreat application for several jenrs, win-
'Vsitlng thereby the ilearee of master of nrts
Si. JAfrom the Centrnl High School several years
. 4a.ftAr lla 0l-n,1llr,tfnn '
:&r -
fej ENIJSTKD IN CIVIL WAP.
It is not generally known that John G.
.'Johnson ever serod In defense if thn
$ p United States, but such was tho case. Dur-
Efins; uie crest of the Civil. War In 1863,
iwhlch was Just after he had been admitted
M,to tho bar, tho armies of Ocner.il Lee
riaiivu uh ineir iirivo inco cennsyivania
iioung jonnson cniistca at onco In one of
tie Philadelphia artillery regiments and was
R7in. w iieicyHnurc, no never saw active
Service and returned to this city, starting
' in the nrnrtlr nt tmv with inur. wi
Jace and Judson.
Z seven sears Inter Johnson married th
IBiOther of Colonel Hdwnrd deV. Alorrell.
V nu ine simplicity Hint marked their marital
Tijllfe Was In comnlete nrcord with tho ehnrnp.
kyterlstlcs that stamped him ns a man set
'Fpart from the rest.
p6 it was In
, great lawyer
iLMhough his in
his wife and mother that tint
lawyer centered his affections Al
ii his mother died but four ve.irH ncn
At the age of ninety-one, up to the moment
1 f tlJ... il.ntti 1... uh. l.au t.. -. I. .-
Wtttu (hnt ,an.. lltftA !!. .I..ntt.. 1.... . I. .
i,l reveal the dliectlnu nf the iiumhio
We' At the time when his mother was slnL-
, jmmf ii. uuiuiriu iiiiurKrii 10 a irieuu
,wiat It seemed ns though his mothcr'n 111.
Pness was tho only tiouhle ho had. When
. ,hls mother died It strlnned lilm nf Dm lun
jtee loved best, his wife having died two
' .)years previous nnd he withdrew even more
f Durfntr Viln llfn tl, tknp.l.i.. ...i t.i..
".wife were comfortable In their ilnmestlrltv.
fjThey seldom went out and preferred the
tquiet oi nome to balls nnd other social
tWalrs. '
s t 1 related of Jlr. Johnson that on nun
''"of,, "'e few occasions lies ventured out
ELtv'lHend found him nil nlone In lim ilraw.
S'lns; room of one of the old Walnut street
f houses. The other guests had gone out
it .v., sR-.....c.iin am. .ir, aunnson was
'eked If he wouldn't go with them.
. w"No. I couldn't face a struggle like that."
,. he replied with a smile.
fj.lt was this smile, democratic, hmnm ,,)
h 'ympathetlc. that revealed the real Johnson
using a man wno was generous and un-
elflsli and not cold and ImpassUe, ns he
w"wa supposed to be. Although he didn't
(.believe In organized charities, hla elrt. tn
K those who needed them were large.
ffl.?Tn lawyer himself demonstrated this
vuiiurEioiy wiwn ne niscnargea n hoy In hla
fflce one day for belnir "too sinw" ti,
(lejEt day he sent a check for a ear's sal-
lirY to the bov'n mother.
ryThat was the way this donilnatlng figure
s i" w i ibH s i,ui oiunn uiu IIIII1PM nii
Kufcolutely without regard to what neonla
RASTER OP LAW WHOSE NATURAL
OTFTS WOW UTTT OTmn,.
k lJl!2Zi TX ou-rj:tiVIAUY
jJtA public-school education, completed at
tha are nf seventeen, wns the !. .. I
went If one except a natural Intellect that
IMS seldom been equaled which John G.
Johnson took with him Into the law office
ir Benjamin liusii when, ns a big. over-
swn.nuiK or a boy, he announced his ln
ntlon of following a legal career.
. KaVer has a round peg been fitted Into a
feaHM hole -with more unerring precision.
r s- mjL . . .. . - . ... t. -
i.-H cepi in mo courtroom ana in nis or-
;vfcssVrone seldom saw htm In those early
rim just as In the later ones he led an
" Mnost unbelievably- secluded life. The
lnwas a student and a serious thinker
n'.the very beginning, ana It was not
before tie was accorded from Judges
efllor. lawyers alike a respect and at
test which the .knowledge of law that he
i soon dliDlayed won for htm.
A supreme simplicity always character-
hl bigness., -mere were no suuter-
L ipoui iimiw no uiu iio( conaioer cne
nent or tne sorceries ana cianaisn-
hat Vo 'many lawyers make a 'part
r.counnwin 'iniiiior iicvvmiiirv, jio
(d11 that, .having tho goods, the'beet
f.ts kUUver -was direct.
i way .or practice aiwaya.exempunea
WMn a-ellent want tb him, Johnson
If he thought there was nothing
. h would say so, and that would
arsmtter; jjf there was a chanoo'of
HU pm out of court he wouM say
mrnM uie gratitu or many
mi, wwth while Johnson
aarafully. nt'th.'i.
tb whoioas4i,uni4'
iWT" w
M.CEEATE'XWORNEY, WHO REFUSED PLACE
GREATEST LAWYER,
ran wild for the sale of shining In the
newspapers or appealing to tho galleries.
There were times, too, when unreasonable
opponents dragged In Irrelevant technicali
ties nnod resorted to claptrap, when tho
white-haired lawyer's temper surged.
Fortified by nuthorlty, ho then'pounded
the desk and the books near him nnd with
Index finger showed that subtcrfugo could
not alter the cold black and white of niack
stono or the rulings of Icgnl authority. Ho
never let a caso bother him while It was
In the hands of tho Jury. He figured that
he had given It ccry ounce of his thought
nnd energy and was content to abide by the
result. -
TOOK WHON'tt HAT
There was no loitering about liv the nt-
torney when nourt adjourned. Usually he
reached for his hat or tho one nearest him
and made n straight line for tho door.
Occasionally on reaching his office he found
ho had taken the headgear of his opponent.
TheiV was n quick confession over tho
phono and tlftj hat was returned without
legal complications 4
In his overdny life Mr Johnson wns dls
tlnclly demoorntlc. He could usually be
foiin I lunching In some modest llttlo place
which wns handy nnd quick, without fancy
Ilxlngn nnd austere waiters.
At Jlhe age of twenty-one tho fledgling
lawver stepped out lo try his own wings,
nnd nen his enrly flights Into court were
marked with a surety and nuthorlty that
snoweu me youngster already to hnvo a
groundwork which many of his coworkers
nfter a lifetime of practice did not acquire.
ATTOUNKY TOR HANK'S
In addition lo representing many of tho
largest corporations of the country In re
nowned legal battles, Mr Johnson wns coun
sel for nearly a hundred financial Institu
tions He was a trustee of the Metropoli
tan Museum of New York, tho University
of Pcnnsjlvnnln and other Institution Ha
received tho degree of doctor of laws from
I'cnnsvlvnnla and from Princeton
Ari.mgenients for the funeral have not
et been completed.
BUSY LIFE
thought, he did whatever lie (hose plalnlv,
txlrnlghtforvvnid and, above all, like n man'
It made no different o what his visitor's
station might he- He kept Plcrpont Morgan
waiting while husing himself with n caso
w oi Hi J100 nnd never did but what he
thought wns right
As said of him at Princeton two jears
ago, when ho was given the degree of
doctor of laws, he was "entirely nbent
of affectation, Indifferent to tho allure
ments of ofllce, full consideration being for
tho rights of others and .for the public
weal "
Through dealing like this with otheis Mr
Johnson gained the goal he sought when
ii boj walking around with a hatbox under
IiIh arm with erses of Hhnkespcnrp run
ning tluough his brain; for without thee
strict human traits the tremendous work
that the lawyer employed In solving ques.
tlons would have been neutralized
Hut III work Itself he set an example to
t,hose who consider the clock Sixteen hours
n duy was not unusual for him. nnd often
the lights In his office In the Land Title
Hulldlng would be .shining nt 1 o'clock in
the morning ,
friends believed that his desire for work
would have been causo for a breakdown It
It had not been for the double reason of his
flue phjslquo nnd his ability to rest when
ever ho desired
At times when tho brilliant barrlstei felt
tho need of rest, ho would suddenly get
aboard n steamship and leave Nobody
knew where he wns going; his address he
frequently refused to leave with anibodj.
Dut when he came back he would be (It and
eager to down Intricate problems
STALWART PHYSICALLY
. "I" Ploelque. the other reason, wns the
....... ..,. ,uuo p0UI,ie ,rM on ttroai,
street, where ho walked homo vlituallv
every night from hN ofllce. frequently v'th
sh . fjr." haK- A bl n,n" 'tli biond
Bhoi Iders. keen eyes nnd a shaggy white
n'che-,h. was the John O Johnson
that ihen saw and didn't know
Jh? .re"'0." ,he ,,ln't dR because of
Mr Johnson's sln ere dislike for publicity
Inquiries from law .associations n u biog
rnphers were thrown In the wnstcbasket
questions as , Mh birthplace ami tlo
?"cl.,..,.1 B.Bnri1':1 Por tho few great men
... .m.iprica, .lonn (J. Johnson did not cire
u rap to see his name In the papers Ho
refused to sit for his photograph and th"
only likenesses that are on recoid, outs do
,,,"0Vrnli' aro 8'-"hots that'eanern
ineii took when tho leader of the bar of
the nation was walking down the street ?n
his demon atlc fashion, with no assumption
of superiority or snobbishness aumDtlon
TltAITS OP THK MAN
nul10 fr0tl,cr ,l,neB " men saw the
HOlver of tho most Intricate legal problei s
was when he lunched, as he a ways ,ild
at a qulck-lunch place. Katlnt In Sulci?:
lunch places wo. king and working until u
neemejl as though Ldlson and Nap" leo,
Zl llll,"" ln '''rlson. democratic to
t in extreme, geneious. honest nnd manlj
these were the things that made Joh, a
Johnson a man who should have let hlm
splratllon.bCl,er h""" l h lv" -naught."8
h'm'"'lf WOU,l haXa "et lhh ,0
ferrlng that whatever somebodv elso did
was not a. Important as to VoUow
advice of Lmerson and "Be yourself." And
inen all the way from J. Plerpdn tjlorg."
to tho joung lawyei stiuggllng with u
kno ty problem followed the UeLn track
AmerVjTl f " er' ,,,e netor Of the
American bar-lhe man who was J,m him-
the Unitsrt jii.. ,.,. .
. "i"1"11 ?tn,e' bUt If
a case north oi , ".-V "."""" mm
vmi Vim..i.i. .
u!nite.hP0,"t "f ' S "of
getting the great man's ear. The fee .?..?.
difference so long as the 'Jot was Zt
c.,Ce .2"e. ot. tUo grat Peyvanla coal
I' : ,,a .Liu." vohW muitow
or dollars. It turned' upon some ahi
doctrine of law. In ,heP lower court, ,he
decision went against the coal .companv
"Cttt .TnVltn rf T-l ..
belated .n.pWt.o "iZ" "akea 'to
the Supremo Court." ' to
..mil SPSS 'foCraUrVme8e? ft 2$"
In special dispensations " he ?lmi"'.ho"r
tended to an hour, ,s ex"
Johnson went Into court tt.a i..
osltlon In fifteen minu?es thru., h Prop'
Into" his green bagand.tVd, out PSPer"
The decision was a Mctorv tn ti
The company held counc 4l ??1
greatest lawyer la the wor d ,m -,th-"he
has sated us millions." ' al they'
yaentforand.h.ndedhlmam.000
M"Thl won't do," ., Johngoni looMng
hun5f..?Vunhthr.b'h',
h. waxlWum amount hW feVSh? ??
l22Vttai.'!L,Pt,,'l, of" the kd." he
1 ',,i. tl want that thin. -Li .,,:
mlliuA J... -- uiu
E7Z. TrSJFJr-ATtn
wl
i
Interest except so fnr ns tils duly to them
ns a lawjer went, wns shown when J. Plcr
pont Morgan asked the great lawyer to
come to New1 York to consult nbout tho fa
mous Northern Securities case.
An appointment wns made, a special train
ordered, and through the order of A. J.
Cassatt tho tracks were cleared to make
way for the celebrity. Itccord time was
made. Johnson snw Morgan, It was said,
and undertook tho case. Rome time later
Morgan again summoned lilm Johnson was
busy and had not received enough pre
liminary notice.
"If Mr. Morgan wants to see me," he
said calmly but. with no pastiness, 'let
h m come to Philadelphia. I can't be drop
P ng things here every minute to be run
ning over to New York."
He did not go
Ono of the reasons for his superiority as
a lawjer wns his almost uncanny ability to
iiiui. : framing ni a moment's notice nnd
tho readiness with ui.inh n. 00111,1 u-l.,
uuiii um case crowned with vital question
nnd Intrlcnte detail and switch over to nil
other equally Intricate. He never lost his
head
DLCLINKD JUDICIAL HONORS
The ability of the giant of the bar was
unimpaired up until tho end Despite all
tho laurels that have crowned his head, ho
led a modest and unassuming life of use
fulness Some spoke of him as a corpora
tlon Uwjer In the limited disparaging
sense. As a matter of fact, It Is doubtful
If any lawer ever lived who had a practice
of such wlJo range. Twice he refused to
go to tho Supremo nonch the highest honor
that can come to a great lawyer, believing
his greatest usefulness to bo a continuation
In tho road ho had started walking
Ills moro than fifty yearH of active work
;""" " "nc mango in nil pliases or pio
fesslonal life. Ho met all tho new ones and
nt tho same time preserved the best trn
dltlons of the old times. No adversary ever
kmw him to take advantage of a slip, and
hla fairness nnd generosity were universally
appreciated even by those whom he worsted
JOHNSON'S $3,000,000 A'RT
COLLECTION MAY GO TO CITY
So great was John f5 Johnson's fame as
a lawjer that to many people the fact
ho wns one of the shrewdest art critics ln
the country nnd possessed n priceless art
collection was almost lost sight of Its
value has been estimated at l.'.OOO.OOO
Looking ut him, the huge hulk of n man,
with his hard-headed matter-of-fact coun
tenance, one would have guessed him to
Ho a piosperous business man. or niuvbe
even n steamboat captain Hut an art
lominlsseur. never' The fnct.that he was
ono of the directors of New York's MpN
tropolltiin Museum of Art was barely
known
And jet the high old halls of the Broad
street homes aro llterallj a precious gal
lery, tho hangings of which ato the lesultH
of jeais of careful garnering It Is dim
cult to find an Inch of wall space
There one mny find represented the art
of tlntorclto, Fra Llppo Llppl, Slgnoielll,
Quenllu Matsjs, VeioneBC, Velasquez.
Duicr. Vnn I)ck, Ruysdael, Trojon. Hem
hrandt, Corot, JVAublgny and of dozens
of othci mighty names
ART HIS PASSION
His pictures were something of a seciet
passion with the great lawer It l said
that his wlfo when sho lived would often
tiecp .down the bioad stairway In the
oad of night, thinking to tear her hus
band from some dusty tome, only to find
lilm hunched In a chair before some fn
orlto work of art, drinking In Its beauties
as If tho draught wero more necessary to
lilm than sleep, or llfo Itself.
Much of the great fortune he made was
spent for his nrt collection Cor a long
period of time he used to go to Kurope
every other yenr Just for the purpose of
picking up rare treasures The contents of
all tho great galleries of the Continent were
known to him nB his law books were.
Although ho had no profound learning
In tho theoiy and philosophy of ait. It
would not have been nn e.is mnttci to
foist a fake picture upon him Ills knowl
edge was bised upon familiarity with the
best examples of art. He knew nrt as tho
Jockey knows hoises, lather than an th
owner does He lived with his pictures, '
JOHNSON WENT TO JOIN UNION ARMY
WHEN CONFEDERATES MENACED CITY
Among the acts of his llfo of which John
O Johnson suld little was Ills going out
from Philadelphia to fight at the battle of
(lettjsburg, when It wns thought that the
Confederates were going to sweep over the
Union forces nt tho llttlo Pennsylvania town
nnd comn on to Philadelphia
left off' the sUuTv-'of1 VnHrST,. go i
.Mr .lonuson was a jouth at the time He
forth to fight It is said that such wsb his
interest m nis lire work that he took his
law books to battle with him to read In
spiio time If there was any.
BENCH AND BAR OF CITY, STATE
AND NATION HONOR JOHNSON
Tho bench and bar of the city. State and
nation today united In pajlng tribute to
the greatness of John G. Johnson
Friends and legal foes alike pronounced
him America's leading lawjer nnd a noble
man. and emphasized the loss which the
legal profession has sustained with his
death Justices and Judges of every court,
those before whom he had nraottred nnd
those who only knew of him by reputation,.
were unanimous in their expressions of ad
miration of his life and of grief at his
death Lawyers with whom ho had col
laborated and with whom ho had buttled In
tho arena of law testified to the profound
depth of his knowledge of the law and his
honesty In Its practice
Among the expressions of opinion were
the following:
JUSTICE rtOBErtT VON MOSCHZISKHR,
of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Mr, Johnson was not onlv the leader of
the American bar, but I feel sare ln
saying that he died recognized as the
leading English-speaking lawyer. He
was a man of profound knowledge, with'
a power of expression which has never
beon excelled. When presenting a case
he always affected the Court with his
sincerity yof purpose and his exceptional
grasp ot the facts, and principles of law
which he desired to elucidate. But, above
and beyond all this, he was from every
standpoint a great man. He had a pe
culiar sweetness of nature that he
showed only to his personal friends,
which endeared him to them beyond ex
pression. Personally, I am proud to be
able to number myself among those who
knew him well and loved him much. Hla
sudden, going Is not only a shock, but a
matter of great grief to me.
SEnAtOH BOIUS rKNROSl; ln a wide
acqualntalnceshlp, covering a period of
more than thirty years, I have met few
men-who came nearer to sizing up to real
greatness, Mr. Johnson unquestionably
was the leader of the Bar In the United
States. He was perhaps the greatest cltl-
xen of Pennsylvania, and lknow that all
wlf be grieved to hear of his death.
A. AfERIUTT TAYLOR Words are Insuf
ficient to express tho profound loss and
sorrow occasioned by tho death of Phila
delphia's foremost oltlsen, John a. John
on. JUpeatedly In perilous situations he
has safeguarded this city's Interests and
wisely directed Its destinies ln the In
terest of the peopje. His memory will
be associated with a deep feeling of re
spct,'ad gratitude In the minds of all
of us. His death la a public calamity.
juppa JIWUf MABTHWobn 0,
- Mm tt tk JM4W txt ttSkstellk.
Career and Traits of
America's Greatest Lawyer
HE WAS born In Chestnut Hill irt1
1841. His fnthor wns n black
smith. Ho died nt the ngo of sev
enty-six, n millionaire
He wns regarded ns the most tlis
tinfruished Inwycr In tho united
States.
He novor studied in n law ofllce
nnd rose through his own initiative.
He declined nn offer to become n
Justice in tho Supreme Court of
the United States nnd also refused
nn appointment to the Attorney Gen
eralship. Ho refused to enter poli
tics. His nit collection is valued nt
$2,000,000 nnd is one of the finest in
America. It may go to the city of
Philadelphia.
When he enlisted in 1805 ns a
member of tho Home Guards he took
his law books to wnr with him.
He wns opposed to speaking in
public and only delivered one ad
dress outside of coutt in his life.
He abhoitcd socinl nffnir.s nnd his
life was one of utter simplicity.
No one ever reached such nn eminent lead
ership so free from the Jealousy of his
fellow inembeis of the bar
It wns as though the) iecognl7ed him
ns the god and pild homage nccordlugl)
and although he seldom spokV of them,
when he gave nn opinion on art It wns
done I ntho low -toned ol.o of authority
Hint there Is no contradicting
Ihe National Ciallerv In London he con
sidered the greatest of nil tho galleries
Ills collection has been considered bv
main experts tllo finest private one In Ihe
United States, nnd hns been estimated at
i:.ooo,ooo
Manv othei beautiful objects peer at
i on from everv nook nnd comer of the
LI loud stiect house. Them aio inie
In ouzo, vases and clocks that chime and
tinkle melodiously, but the plctuies dom
inate everj thing
Beginning with Hie estlbule, one comes
upon them In the most urlous of places A
pilieless Van Djck mny ho found In the
bullet's pantry and another valuable old
muster scics to decorate the footboard
of a bed
Wondoiful Madonnas rub elbows with
rubicund old sea captains, and the placid
pastorals of Troyon alio confronted with
the awful stonn landscapes of Tinner
m.l schools iti:PRi:si:NTi:n
All schools nnd all times Italian, Flemish,
Dutch, Spanish, modern I'lcnch nnd early
Lngllsh. to sav nothing of n few Amei-
icans are nil represented
Onlv about three eaiH4.ngo would he
consent to have them catalogued, and It
Is characteristic of the man that in the few
copies which he had printed the name of
John (1 Johnson appears only ns the pub
lisher of the book
Several times In recent cars the rumor
ciopped up thut Mr. Johnson wns nbout
to give his pictures to the city. In 1006
the icport got abroad that he was about
lo merge his collection with that of the
Pennsylvania Acadcmv of the Fine Arts
All of theso whisperings he vigorously de
nied, stating positively that the city of
Philadelphia could not epect to receive
any collection of value until It provided
a worthy place to receive them The erec
tion of tho new Art Building nt the end
of tho Parkway led many to hope that Mr.
Johnson would ultimately consider this a
fitting place for his collection
Mr Johnson was at that time a member
of a homo guard regiment, which used to
parade about the streets, but was rather shy
on target practice These young men were
ordered to the front, which had come so un
expectedly near home They thought thev
c-.B kuiiib 10 oe Slaughtered. But the honv
K&rt 1M" T" " '-
wii.c. im-muBrs or air .lohnson'a tompiny
were the late Chief Justice .Mitchell, the late
Oavld W. Sellers and Frank II Hosen,
garten
fMI..... . I m . . .
Pllflcd the most splendid traditions of
Ilbertv-loiuig America. He wns the tjpe
of Ameilcan who pushed through to suc
cess on his own merit.
As a boy he was thrown on his own
resources, and without aid from anjbody
he workea himself to an enMabte position
of trust and honor
i JnJ!S dCa,Ul 1onstltut" a great loss to the
legal profession throughout the English
speaking world; the loss Is particularly
severe nt this time when we need tie
wise counsel of this wonderful man to aid
us In steeling a straight course In this
hour of conflict.
John O. Johnson wns a man 6t broad
experience and possessed wonderful
knowledge of International law-tho sort
of knowledge we need at this time.
Mr. Johnson was a man of most charm
lng personality, and he won the afftio
5 r'f8"0".0' aU those wlt whom
he came In contact.
JUDdH S. LESLIE MKTRKZAT. of the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvanlalloohn
Johnson was the ablest lawyer In the
HoUnm,ry: hl reputation was Sf Interna!
Uonai 8COpe Philadelphia has lost lis
most conspicuous publlo figure in the
oyaanorf1th-(.J,0hd?0n- Ha w" eon Jul t?U
Ilnuid i,Jl" lead'n: corporations In the
United States, and hundreJs of lawyers
annuiuT1 "" " hl" "
Mr, Johnson was a mlghtv floiir in
la.'mafeth,S fT' ''"" n
h l.n "I" ext,e.niJln to all corners of
the c Milled world. He was an upright
man In every respect, and his word waal
?nnnenri t , W,U ? a ,on time before
world . John'on U rDla:l In the legal
JUT?n?, J0I!N MP"ERSON, of the
United States circuit Court of Appeals
Mr. Johnson's death has' taken away the
ft"!? ".aftr of the American bar!
In Philadelphia, where he was best
,!hn.0mnBnth.e.r,',W,1.U h ener1 rrow f"r
the man, as well as deep recret that ti.
distinguished' career as a Mwye? his
come to an end. No word of mine In
needed In appreciation of his extraordl!
nary powers, which In some respects
were Unique and In an respects were
unusual. His personal attractiveness.
less known, except to comparatively few
nLXU 7& WM Privileged to lea.
something of, him at home could fall to
be drawn to the man and to be charmed
with his warmth of heart, his nne
courtesy and the wide range of his
human Interest.' ( m ...,.". '..m?
J" ? " Jn4 of death that hie
ON SUPREME
Stales District Attorney The death of
John O. Johnson removes the peerless
leader of thq bar of Pennsylvania. I
wns associated with him years ngo In
cases emanating from my home district,
iienainc Pa . and nlso III cases where
Mr. Johnson was on tho, opposite side.
In each Instance I Was Invnrlably filled
with admiration at tho masterful way
In which he handled the legal situation.
While I did not know lilm Intimately,
et, having such an exalted admiration
for lilm, I cannot help but feel Intensely
sad upon hearing of his death.
JOHN ninDnmCK LHYVIS Mr. John
son was regarded an one of the greatest
nrt collectors we havo ever had In Amer
Icn. By his collections and especially by
his mnrvolous discrimination In art, he
linn probably done nR much for nrt as
any American, artist or layman. He
nctd as n solicitor for tho Academy of
the Fine Arts for jears nnd nlwAys gave
It every assistance without nnv cotnpen-
satloi We are sorry to hesr of his
death
MISS VIOLLT OAKLEY The collections
mado by Mr. Johnson nre of enormous
nrt aluo to the country. Mr. Johnson
did n great, great work. I hope that all
the nluable pictures ho,Jins brought to
our cllv will remiln In Philadelphia It
would be splendid If they muld become
rll) property
ritANCIS riSIIim KAN!:. I'nlled States
DlKtrlrt Attorncv Mr. Johnson lnd a
wonderful mind and wns without iiuestlon
the most capable lawver in the I'nlled
States He wns n veiltnble Napoleon In
his capacltv foi business, which seemed
well nigh endless lis loved his work
ami no cases were too small or too Hrge
for lilm
romtiiu .hjimsi: abhaha.m m blit
LLIl Mr Johnson wns ugnrded os one
of the foremost, If not the foremost, law
ver of his Ua He has added luster to
the name of Philadelphia lawcis
roitMNi: jrnoi: mayhii si'lzhkiuikk
I nm too shot lied to sav what I should
like to sav When I first knew Mr
Johnon lie was then a conspli uous figure
for pie-eiulneiHP nmoiig scholars lie
Ins ulwavs continued ns such He wns
the greatest piactlcal lawver In tho
I'nlted Slates, in my opinion He was
nlwavs free of am devices nnd looked
obstacles soiinrelv In tho face and met
them with uprightness and ahlllt)
'I hough he lived to n good old age nnd
did morn work than three able and In
dust i lutis men do In that lifetime et his
loss Is a -very groat ono
WILLIAM A. 'CLA.sdOW .III prominent
lnvvei All I inn sa Is that Hie greatest
mini I have cvei known has passed nvvnv.
SPLNCLU TltASIC The shoe k of Mr lohn
ton's death prevents nnv adequate con
ception for the moment of his leal service
lo the nrt. llfo and wealth of theivom
munit.v 'I he position he held In the
world of art was ns unique and as loftv
as the one he held In the profession of
the law
rOKMCIt Il'tMli: JAMLS (L COUPON
In the death of Mr Johnson, one of the
mightiest in tho land has fallen
He was n gieat lawjei and a great
man I iippi) tlin wold 'gie.it' to him
advlsedlv. for he had both the menial
endowment and petson.il character (flat
must loalctce lo constitute gientmss In
Hie Mlence of the law he iasl) milked
Hi ft. not only of the present da, but. In
my Judgment, or any day In the hlstorj of
the Ameilcan bar Ills mental processes
were as direct and simple ns his life was
lie had no artifices or affectations. He
never posed or sought to bo Impiesslve
bv method or mannei Ho was not
pidantlc and never made a show of learn
ing. His practice was so largo and he
was so busv that he had no time, even It
ho had hid Inclination, to waste upon
tho fripperies of speech, lie1 was simply
a lawjer all lawjer Tho smallest case
which ho undertook received his atten
tion as fullj nnd sincerely as tho case
of the richest nnd moM powerful client
Ills talents as a lawjer wero at tho serv
ice ot clients with democratic Impar
tiality. No grent Interest held his abilities
In subsidy He did not bow to power or
wealth or social eminence He was bound
iu ins pioiession nnd at that 1
worked will. ... c,i,. ""
ind l 1, iirint .i !tr, aH, "0IHlst'"t
and unremitting as that of a daj laborer,
daj laborer,
MEN OP NATIONAL DISTINCTION
LAMENT GREAT LAWYER'S DEATH
Deep regret expressed In telegrams to
tho Lvkvino LRnaF.n, lamenting the death
or John (J Johnson wero lecelved today
from United States Senntois. the Attomej
(.cneral of the United Slates, Justices of tho
Supremo Court, a former candidate for
President on the Republican ticket nnd
main of the leading statesmen 0f the eoim-
Ihov paid glowing tribute to the memoiy
of tho famous attorney, extolled his work
lamented his death and voiced a sentiment
that the legl profession has lost Its fore
most exponent
Some ot tho lelegrnms follow :
T W. flREQORY. Attorney Oencial of
United States John Q. Johnson wus
man of tremendous power, a lawjei of
gieat learning nnd orlglnalltv, an advo
cate without n superior at the American
C'v(fcih l HU(:Hl:a' N" Vrl'-I liarn
vvlth tho deepest regret nf the death of
John L. Johnson. Ho was a lawyer of
the highest attainments, and his sterling
character and distinguished abilities were
unlversi ly recognized. His death Is ii
most kerlous loss.
J IIAV IlllOWN. Chief Justice of the
Supremo Court of Pennsjlvnnl.i In the
jeats that I have been n member of the
SHORE PAVING SUIT "
IN ANOTHER TANGLE
T
Contractors Threaten to Sue
County Unless Permitted to
Push Work
. ATLANTIC CITY.' April 11.-Further
complications havo been nddedlto the pat
ented paving controversy over the Phlladel-Phla-Atlniillc
City motor speedway, now be
fore the Cou.t of, Errors on appeal from a
decision by Justice Black, of the Supreme
t-ourt, nullifying the $693,000 award
Llddell S. Pfelffer. of Perth Amboy, con-
,rutt0.r.? ,miler the awarl and plaintiffs
with the county Board n the appea now
Pending, threatened to sue the county irtess
they are permitted to go ahead with thJ
work. The contractors contend that th
options for material under the contract
n the courts will expire In June! and that
h8 ?Ztni. 0t ,u belnK talned It will be
impossible for them to execute it under new
options without Incurring a heavy low
Waterworks Plot Foiled
CINCINNATI. O, April 14.-What Is be
lleved by military and police officers to have
been an attejnpt to blow up 'or cripple a
water works plant was frustrated when a
sentry guarding the works participated In a
shooting encounter with three men whom he
surprised while they were digging near the
nftref.hoanmpb.eat.t0 th "' eym "
at c?iv. : "an s. "p
that had been dug direct y over ,h! Tm.h!
pipe leadfng to the key chamber 'n
Masked Robber Get $4$M
-CORNING, N.ly.Aprll M.Pou7makL
BENCH, DIES
. ai hn aim-
I cannot emphasize iuu -- - k
"ds?2:
recharmfht w?
"TTswo hy of no.era.-o that In hU
moment, of relaxation ho tourjIW
noble character, thought It wow or
mention that In hi hours of le sure He
was a tiller of his native soil. This demo
cratic nohlemni, found his pleasure In
Ue Pursuit of a greater and "; "
lng art. He was an honor to the Bar m
he city nnd tho nation and to tho great
profession which he adorned.
rilANCiH SHUNIC BftOWN. Attorney Urn
eral of Pcnnsylvnuln-1 nm appal ed an
d stressed. The mighty oak that stood
ior so many jenrs as the giant of the
forest hns fallen He was n real lawjer,
the greatest of his day, the leader of the
bar of his Stnte and countrj. nn cxnmplar
tn his profession for high character ns
man and citizen, for profound learning
and Indefatigable Industry. Lawyers
throughout the civilized world will mourn
his dentil, which specially grieves his
ntFoclates here who have been his dally
colnborers.
Jt'IXii: T. t). FINLKTTnit, Court or Com
in in Picas No 4 I cannot ndjust my
mind to what joii ttll me, It Is Impos
sible to think of tho American bar with
out visualizing the gicat llgure of John
son (Irent In eveij wuj, great ns n
lawjer, a leadei of leaders, great In the
big human heart that rend and sym
pathized nnd understood his fellow man.
Therein quite as much ns In his inir
v clous technical knowledge lay his great
strength,
ItrsSHLL Iit'ANi: lawjer In many re
spetts .Mr Johnson was the foremost
living iltleu of Philadelphia He was
a man of such superlative Judgment that
his opinion was sought nnd respected not
oulj on legal subjects but nlso on nil
in liters idatlng to Hie welfare of tho
lommunilv It Is probably not too much
lo Raj that he wns the greatest all
nioiiiid lawver Ameilin lias jet produced
Jl'DGH IIOWAItl) A DAVIS The bar of
I'nlted Stiles has lost lis leadei In the
death of lolui (1, Johnson lie vwis one
of the ablest Inwjcrs In tho world
JOIIN (.'AOWALAD-nU Mr. Johnson's
gieat strength before the courts was ow
ing not onlv to the cogeiicj" nnd lgoious
power nt auurnte ritif-onlng, but still
more to the fuct that the courts have
felt absolute trust In the fidelity of his
piesentatlon of his inse Ills relation
lo the bar was no less unusual No one
bus ever reached leadership so flee from
tho Jeilousy of his brothers of the bar or
who bus possessed more thoroughly their
icspeci nun ntlmlintloti No ndversorj
ever knew Johnson to take ndantugo
of an en or oi n slip, nnd his fairness nnd
generosltj wero unlveisallv appreciated.
ji'ikh: Noimis w HAititA'iT John a.
Johnson became gnat In law, because ho
devoted all of Ills eneiglcs to law. Ills
onlv outside hobby was ait
M.VOIt SMITH Ihe loss of Mr Johnson
Is not to Philadelphia or Pcnnsjlvanhi
alone hut he was tho master legal mind
of the country, and therefore the entire
lountry will mourn his death
JOSLPH P (SAPI'NHY Ihe greatest legal
mind In the entire country has passed
awnv
W I) II AINI3Y, chalnnnn of the State
Public Sen Ice Commission The Stnte of
Pennsjlvanli has lost a most distin
guished citizen, the legal fiatcrnlty a
man whose vvoids, work and worth will
he nppreelaled bj the couits und bars for
jearR to come
JUUGP. WILLIAM II STa'aKH John O.
Johnson was a giant, phjslcally and In
tellectually He hid a marvelous mem
ory, a memorj which 1 havo never seen
cxcelle'd In tho legal profession
JUDCii: JOSHPH P. KOnOHUS Ho was
mjl f i lend and tho world has lost its
gieatest lawjei
cinoiuii: wiiAirioN pi:ppi:r i feci
lodaj ns ono might fed f a toweling
."'"" "" P....I.CHH iie-uii rcmoeei nnu
ast Into tho midst of tho hca, leaving in
i.l.ic nmhln? h. .i. ,,' ' ,, ' . .
mountain had siiddcnlv been removed nnd
place nothing but the surrounding foothill'
Supremo Court of the State Mi Johnson
wns eisllv the ablest lawjei that ap
pealed beforo It In the dajs of my actlvo
practice I was at times associated with
and opposed to him. and his greatness
contlnunllj grew upon me. Ho was the
constant heiuneet of the courts, tluough
his piofound lc-irnlng und his unvarjlng
Piomptness in uspondlng when his c es
wero called I never kiie- him to r iy
the court. He leasoned closely. c!t Iv
mill Ltlniii.l.. -. ... -
.... ue;r using n superfluous
word and never nilsslnB one tnat he ought
to have utteied. The American bai will
le'ide'00" l0k U'" hlH "kC DBaln HH lt3
P C KNOX, United States Senator from
Pennsylvania In the death of Mr. John
. Johnson the American bar loses one
of Its most unique and conspicuous mem
bers In Pennsjlvanln, nnd partlcuiarli
In Philadelphia, his nanio was a house
hold woid. Ho was one of n class of
general practitioners rapidly being dls
Placed by legal specialists No cabe was
too large for his great capacity or too
small for that conscientious consideration
which his conception of tho relation of a
should" Ki've"10 mll)I' Caemanaa ,llat he
""BILLY,rSUNDAY TELLS
HOW TO WIN IN LIFE
Several Thousand High School
Students Cheer the
Evangelist
NEW YORK. April 14,-Sev eral thousand
high school students came out to hear
"Billy" Sunday and were treated to a ser
mon on the forces that win. The forces
as he catalogued them, are blood, en!
Mronment, Band, education and ch.i.i,..
rfAhJI" SCrm" 6nd6d Wl,h a Pan'-yrlo
',f.er! 'i Unt0ln' de,Ucre" b- h. J.!
o... oi.mi,iiB witn one foot
and the other on his p,p,t symbolizing Z
coin's physical and mora, stature. "".
. -r-..,cu .uanner
eins f .i,. .. .. "" al me
WflH amir, i
it- The ban 3. ' a Amerl" ened
ii. ine halj again was comfortably full
and hero was mucn applau J--choota
gave their yeV. and cheered for
Sunday during ,he prmlnary KXtedJr
Terhap, ,he m0Bt detemlne(,
the evening, except that drawn out by tha
In the Hill of Fame fw mutt. iiSW'r mu"
me to look at. r mfx '"you and
Al Hlb HQ
WAR-BOUND AMERICANS,
, AsaiSTuv isr JOHNsoiq
At the beginning of the European wt. u .1
Johnson chartered the Moron n u.. V l, i J
---------- w . ,. -.- -.no llll
snip Aminos 10 oring American rif i.
back to their country. The shin St!'
from New York city late In Augui uV?J
for Genoa nnd brought back forty t!...M,'l
..,. rnm that nnrt. ' Mta. U
At et.A 11mA nf 4I.A nnll....t. . 1
..fc ... ...... . ..... uuiuiciik flir. JAKn-A.
had been on the continent for soms - "
Despite this fact, he did not elect i J!-.
In the ship he had chartered. Jlathei i?' 1
that, he let his friends and tho,. til ? i
to pay their passage rldo home In th .Si 1
ho had hired. " ln ,h,P '1
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 1
ELECTS NEW MEMB0IS
Four Philadelphians Among 'il
oevenieen oavants Added
to Distinguished Body
Four Philadelphians aro among the r..
teen now mcinbern ndmlttcd today to tk S
American Philosophical Society, which la
holding Its general meeting at 104 Rn.,.c J
Fifth street. Membership In the socletv i. ' ,
eonsldeied the highest among scientific anj l
ic'ciiiiiiiii tmici 111 inu uniceei atates, Th 1
present memoersnip numbera Bllghtly ovse '
6U0. 142 of whom me Philadelphians.
The new members nre:
AIONO KM1I.K1IHRT TAYIXIB, M, 1. Phic "
nilelnhls. Hush professor of nhyliilnci7ji
ehenilHtrv In the iHilversltj nt fSnnnSSS. .' 4
ennnylvsnit -1
Mine III10
IIXKOI.I) PKNIIKR, I'll. D.. Phllsdelphta, n. 1
tensor In chnrse of the depirtment o? JiiJ! 1
in i... nmi itt-MFi. ui mi- umicrsiiy 01 Pniu '
silvnnn ma 11114 ""
lillrnv iiifmiixu M.niviL'. . .. ... 1
Vhllndelphlh professor of Latin at"the V(!
versltv of Pennsvlviinla since 1D0II.
IIKItllKIlT K. IV. Ph. IK. Philadelphia il Ul
liimlnnlUiR engineer nnd phjslclat. ' 71
ini.iM iiti:ii:incK DtjRANi), rii. n .1
Htanfonl I'nlvnrsltN. e'nllfnrnlii. profeMor U Vl
nipchniilcul eriKlneerliiB nt Htanford Unlv.mii 'J
Klmo 11)114 --.., -
PIKItlti: SMli:i. DuPONT. chemlKt, MmmIm. '!
nnll. In m
CAM. II. KHlhMIANN. Ph. I).. Tlloomlncton
lnd . protemor of zoology In the Unlverlt it
Imllona since 1801 and dean of tho cradnti.
school Noted ichthyologist. B """'
tllAKI.Kt 1IOI.MKS 11EKTY. I'll. 1 , v.,
Vork. editor of the. Journal nf Inrht.tM.i ...
i:nliie rlnir CliPinlstry. past president cf Yl
American Chemlral Society. ' ' ct 1
HINTIIItOI .1. V. OsTi:itllOIJT.
sTKItlltlllT. A. M Ik n
I'amlirldKe. Mass , professor of botany. Hrl
Hr.
nrd Unlvcrslo.
VT.1)KMAR M.MKJUI.N. M.
V. Til. 1. B.
J) . Cambridge. Mass . nrnfpHnnr nf o.ni
."'": "" . I
nt JIassnehueetts Institute of Techndlofi tl
since 11IPJ ' 1
1 11 1. Dl.lt l( K IIAM.K HKRKS, It. R pau.
il. na. ChI , superintendent of lh computlni
division of the .Mount Wilson Solar Observi.
lory
(IhdltOK OMK SOIlint, Ph. 1)., Washlnt
Ion t) l" , lieutenant colonel and chief ot
aviation section United Stales arm. '
II HI.I-S p. STKINMKT., Ph. II., Schema
IhiIv, ,N' V enElnoer nnil profeasor of Itclri.
nil pnclneerlne nt Union College, N, Y.
OSCAR s. STKAIS, A. M I.IH. II. 1 1 ,
New ork lty, lvver. member nf the Per
innneiit Court of Arbitration nt The Itneu
'Ihe following new members are subject!
of (Jreut Britain:
I.imiV IIIDUhl.l, MH.SOV, I'll. n Cam
bridge Ma" . professor of malhemitlcs at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technoloei
since Hill,
ARLIIIIIAI.I) ll RON MACAI.MIM. M.
11. I'll. 1).. I). Sc l,r I)., F. R. H.. 1
A.. M.
TrtrnnlA
professor of blochetnlatrj University of To-
r.iiuu
Sir I)M1) I'UAIN, M. A.. I.I.. I)., F. R. g
Jew. director of the Tlojal llolanlc tlardem,
Kovc, since 10(1.".
OCEAN CITY TO HAVE
BIGGER MUSIC PAVILION
Order Given to Contractor and Work ii
to Be Started Soon Lively -
Season Promised i
.... )i
OCLIAN CITY. N. J.. April 14. The con-
tractor has ordeicd tlio mnterlnl rennlrfd .
In the work of enlarging the clt's music ,.
i'"'"" "ii uiu uutiiuwaiK, aim operations
will be started as soon ns tho lumber ar- '
lives, which. It Is expected, will be within
n short time Tho Improved bulldlncH will
bo ono of the most complete nnd convenient n
or iib Kind along the New Jersey coast. "
The building of cottages and apartments
Ueeps pace with the growing demand for
Hummei homes, nnd It Is said thnt the rent
ing season here thus far Is bejond tho ex
pectations of many of the residents Ileal
estate men nre busy renting cottages nn
apartments and answering hundreds of In
quiries of peoplo from Philadelphia and
other sections of the country, who plan to
spend the summer here.
The hotels nil did nviliif i,i,ui..no t
Uaster. nnd now the iro urs and managers '&
. . ,..., ii-NiimnHif icioie preparing ai
fnP llm nvnniil.J nt. t. . 'S
- .... .ink,n;ii nuiiuucr rusn
VIilois during tho holidays were pleased
when they saw how well the accnt lots h
been cleaned from First to Twent-second
ftttet, nnd they praised the City Commit
sloneiH.
Director CJeorge O. Adams, of the De-'
partment of Public Works, la pushing street
lepalis, and a force of men Is kept con
stantly hustling to Improve tho condition
nnd appearance of the highways.
BARS DANCING AT HOTEL "
License Court at Pittsburgh Criticizes ,
Management of Schenley i
PITTSpURGH, April U, Declaring th.$I
tiotei hchentev was "a rendezvous for dls-'
slpatlou and If the dances were kept up
at that place the bar would have to be ti
closed," Judces Cnrn'nlnr n,l n.M iuhn ,M
aro hearing the llnuor lleensn nnnllcnllnns.
severely criticized Harry M. Willis, agent .!
and trustee for the Schenley Hotel and lies- 1
"u".. wiinipaiiy, p v
Judge Oarpcnter said lie had seriously 'M
conBiuerea letuslng all liquor license appll- 4
cations In the Oakland district because of ,J
mo practice toiiowed by the Schenley ana
either cafes and hotels In serving liquor t
bojs and girls from, the University of J
Pittsburgh and Teeh Kohnr.1
MANAYUNK FLAG-RAISING
Residents Involuntarily Join in Cere-J
...uiij, ue inxon raper uom- .;
nnnv Plnnf Vf
nesidents of Manayunk Involuntarily '
Joined a nag-ralslng at the plant of th d
streets, at daybreak this morning. They.lji
"ciira uy tne wnistle or tno raciory -,
mow lng for fifteen minutes and went down i
tO see what the tmnhl ...o- ..,m, iv, ntt
,. 1 ..www.w M9, VT.,1, Ilia ,.-...
that what at first was simply a factory "' &
lne Jured out to be a. community affair. J
.... r.w.,viiicp uiuue Known tneiraesiro lor.j
an American flag some days ago tq thsj
superintendent. .T. A. it.u.. . ..,. rnrutfji
for the exercises, and at C o'clock this niorn- A
lng the hundred men on the night shift tf
gathered on the lawn In front of the factory" I
and cheered while Chief Engineer Ecken-'1
roth mil rf ,. .t.i- . . .... .. ji.v " 1
--. , .. ,, DtlK iii uniunea inp .i.
STRETCHED TO ARMY HEldHT !
liANCASTER, pa, April 14, Amonghit
0luntetrs xvhn hav. e,..t .ii...1 . Ih1
local marine servle Mim,i.ii.H .ifaiinti la I
Frank L. mi.J tV . '".Vll"'" .V",X.". Z.i
Washington and Loe Untveralty. t-exInKtoJ
ncro.
. fJ."fJlfc,t ".lnch eho.it. tie underwsnVj
v J '"? "n.raiion in tne ijancasww
Tonne Men's nhriti.n .... -,...
K! ? .nl V".? n!ceefleJ In enllstlnaVa
-v-i."vinw me minimum height.
PSSfoM
-- 't
1.)''!
TSX