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JML&Gf- LEJBaBR-i-lPHIL'ADlSLPHI, MONDAY,. FEBRUARY- 121917 -.
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l ' PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
Mf t- UTHUS II. K. CUIIT1S. r.Mlri.XT
S, rChl II. Ludlmton. Vl rrraldenti John
.. "'J", "cv'rnarr ana 'ireaauren I'hlllp H.
fllllna. John II. Wllllama. John J. Snuneon. l.
, Whaler, Director!.
EDITOMAt. BOAftDt
? Cues If. K. Ci'stii. Chairman.
tfttg
M . .'. It. WHALKT ,
Editor
JOHN C. MArtTlN.., general Buincn Manacer
rubllahM dally at rcsito LtDOin Building.
' - Independence .ftauare. Philadelphia.
Fi'liBTWim HfVTtlt Ilrn. .nil rh..nt filu.t.
L'"-.,K.Tt'T0 Cl" .....ITj-liton Bulldlnir
I'tl""' ".... in.uu ivieirppoinan Tower
.ajutjoit sso Kord llullillnic
P&CaicAoo 103 rrlluiuo UullJIng
- . Nciva bureaus:
.- Wisnistaro Bcisir; niirr Ilultdlnc
, Naur YoK nciuu Tha rimea Hulldlne
.. HKBL1M llHBVtIT fin t.--l.a.t..... -
..--? t?J"K?, "" Marconi llou.e. Mrand
fetf j "'" U1'"0 82 " Loula le Grand
ESr.v suusciuption tbh.m.1
SUUSCIUPTION TBP.MS
. ri.l.FlxV'!!P t-1?" ' rxj to aubMrlbera
In Philadelphia and aurroumllne town at tha
rata of twelva (12) canta per week, rarablo
to lha carrier.
ttlV.'V.a'! A? Ilnt outalde of Philadelphia. In
lha United Htatea, Canada of United rltatca not.
Z:-Z.i. ,i?. . .! "i i'; renin
iter
.iMtin, oi itui aonara iter year.
payable In
To all foreign rnuntrlea nun fill .t..1t- ,-..
month. "" " "
Woticb iSuhx-rlberi; wl.hlna- rldra chan&ed
mut slva old, as well an new addreea.
BELL. 8000 TALMJT KEYSTONE. MAIN S000
IT Addrtsi oil communication to Kvtnlna
Ltdger, Jndcpcnrfenca Bquarr. Philadelphia,
tsjata it tub rurucEtriiM pniiorncn i
r.COND-CI.ASJ JIAIt. UlTTtJI.
run aveuaoe nut taid daily cm.
CULATION OP TUB KVKNINO LKDOEIt
FOR JAM'AKY WAB 11.1.777
Philadelphia. Monday, Trbluar; 12, 1917.
Dentists will view with nlarm the
report that certain brands of cnmly can
not be made owing to the sugar shortage.
Senators want Mr. Ionising to tie
line In a hurry "an overt act." There la
no hurry. The nation will define It In un
mistakable terms if und when it comes.
The State Legislature is Fald to be
strongly In favor of national prohibition.
That, at least. Is the direction in which
Us plan to defeat local option Is driving
the "drys."
Congressman Moore may have gone
too far In announcing that Congressman
Gardner had "certain Anglomanlac Ideas,"
but he Is perfectly right In constituting
himself the watchdog of pro-American
contentions In an atmosphere so thick
With ambiguous pros and cons.
As all factions seem to bo commit
ted to tho small Council plan, there, is
hope for a moro representative and re
sponsible body to c.xerclso legislative func
tions here. It Is understood dual oftlco
holding will disappear along with the
large Councils.
The best thing that Doctor Gray,
on could do for himself, for tho Presi
dent and for tho Senate, at a time when
no small Irritations nhould bo allowed
to distract, would bo to ask Mr. Wilson
to withdraw his nomination to tho post
of medical director over the heads of
127 other medical officers.
Admirers' of President Wilson's In.
lmltablo stylo of expression will bo sur
prised at his recent descent to tho ver
nacular when ho characterized tho re
ports of Cabinet changes as 'Jguff."
Every one understands what ho means
this time, and Secretary Lansing will bo
relieved from offering further explana.
tlons which might also need explanation.
Standardizing salaries In tho city
offices always means standardizing them
upward. Tho plan submitted by tha
Civil Service Commission calls for an
increase of $400,000 In tho payroll, Now
we shall see If the Mayor, who cannot
find money with which to" build 'a con.
entlon hall, will be able to raise, this
additional sum to bo divided among the
city employes.
"Why Senators Like Maryland"
might be the engaging title of a brochure
by Senator, Martlne, to be written when
his approaching retirement will make
him seek publishers moro discriminating
than the Congressional Record. Mary
land's "wet" and Virginia's "dry," so Sen.
ators dou't cross the Potomac when they
take drives, Mr. Martlne has discovered.
But since when has Washington's pocket
flask been unavailable?
"Dope cases" men and women
found half dead from the effects of drugs
continue to come to the surface. They
are only ripples on a deep sea of vice that
undermines our national life. Tho chaotic
conditions at Harrlsburg are threatening
the bill to drive the drug curse from this
city and State, which are centers df the
.""""" iriunc. Boon may come tha
necessity to tSke drastic national action
against all such poisons. It Is well to
remember that not tho least of Kngland's
troubles was occasioned bv the if.r,ihi
' ' 'Mk0:'u'
t apread of .the drug habit nmn i..
VOL jvho weakened undpr h .... ..
ffev" (tenslons Q wartime.
. It is a pleasure to note the great
-; strides which Old Penn has taken under
- 1U new management. This wee-uiv h.
caught the best spirit of college journal.
.im. which fosters the cementing f
iff .the 'interests of nlnmni .,.,, ......
and faculty for their common purposo of
advancing the University and at the same
Uime fixing that united body's place In the
.nation In all patriotic endeavors. It is. ex.
, tremely important at this time that Insti
tutions like the University of Pennsyl
.Vania should use their srreat inn...
r,ep the tone of public opinion up to the
itraaiuuns oi American history, in an
mhee column on thla page Is printed an
oerpt from the current number. i,im.
PjAflwwa.that Old Penn is alive to tho Im.
KJ&S- S """" """ill.
Our marking time has th. ..
- pt 4vertlsln: how eil or how ill Knir.
! wo nam mo suomarino with.
th aWofthe Amerioan navy, with
mtmtr ta --- , i i,ii -m .i
- mJ Fffla"W ,t Ella ntltat
'
Lsjyw aaW
tho Jut year In which no more ships
were sunk than the Germans have sunk
In twelve days. Uut In one month tho
sinkings reached the 170 mark, which Is
about the same as tho present rate. Tho
situation will bo entirely changed If tho
Urltlsh navy Is ablo tD continue Its pics,
ent dally lowering of tho number of sea
tragedies. Much Is expected of the es
tablishment of "safety lanes" through
tho barred zone, which may produce
something llko "trench varfure of the
seas." A patrol of warcraft along n
specified route would, of course, con
centrate tho efforts of submarines to
break through, followod by similar con
centrations of destroyers, and attended
by Inevitable casualties, tho give and
tako "attrition" of land warfare. This
concentration would probably benefit tho
destroyers more than tho submarines,
as they are more numerous, liven when
they could not always save themselves
they might save tho merchant vessels
they protect.
THE ISSUES IN 1861 AND 1917
WHKX Abraham Lincoln, tho one hun
dred and eighth nnnlversury of whoso
birth we nro celebrating today, took
ofllco on March 4, 1861, he was confronted
by tho gravest crisis which hud arisen
since tho foundation nf the Union. It was
whether this nation was nn Indissoluble
union of sovereign States or a meto
temporary partnership to bo dissolved at
tho will of any member.
In his Inaugural nddrrsn Lincoln said:
"I hold that In contemplation of universal
law and of the Constitution, the Union of
these State3 Is perpetual." Then with
Irresistible logic he nrgued the point. The
Union antedated tho Constitution. That
document was framed In express terms
by "tho peoplo of tho United States In
order to form n more perfect union." If
the right of secession wore admitted, tho
Constitution would have inado a less per
fect union, for It would lmVo opened tho
way tu tho setting up of a lot of petty
lndepenedent sovereignties.
Tho Issue was rlear-cu. Lincoln boldly
met It by announcing his determination
to uso all the means which the nation
would put at his disposal for asserting
the authority of the Federal Government
throughout nil tho States. And In con
cluding his Inaugural ho addressed these
ptegnant words to the South:
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow
countrymen, and not In mine. Is tho
momentous Issue of civil War.' The
Hoernmcnt will not nssiill yntt. You
can hao no conflict without being our
selves tho Hggrefsors. We
nro not enemies, but friends. Wo must
not lie enemies. Though passion may
havo strained, it must not break our
bonds of affection
Wo know what followed. Tho attempt
to dissolve tho Union failed, and tho men
who led In that attempt lived to rcjolco in
their failure. Hvcry consideration of Jus.
tlco and expediency demanded that tho
people who had begun tho experiment of
free popular government hero should
continue to work It out together under
one national sovereignty In order that wo
might avoid the creation of a lot of petty
States nnd open the way to tho repetition
on this side of tho ocean of tho compli
cations which harass tho peoples of
Europe. The conflict now waging there
vindicates the wisdom of Lincoln and of
his associates.
Tho issue of 1017 is in Its fundamentals
the Issue of 1S61. writ largo on the map of
tho world. The United States has con
tended from the beginning for tho free
dom of the seas Her diplomatic history
is full of tho record of negotiations in
which the right 6f American ships to sail
not only the high seas, but tho straits
connecting the smaller seas and the bays
indenting foreign roasts, without let or
hindrance Is asserted In no measured
terms. We were at war with Franco for
the last two years of tho eighteenth cen
tury because of French Interference with
our shipping. Our little fight with Tiipoll
was a shipping war. The War of 1812
was fought In order to defend our rights
on the seas.
We Insist that tho seas are the high
ways of tho nations, free on equal terms
to all. While we ndmtt with other na
tions tho right of belligerents to block
ade ono nuother's ports, we stand on tho
recognized principle of International law
that a blockade to bo recognized must
bo effective. It Is not uufllclcnt for a
belligerent to say that trade with a port
is Interdicted. A force sulllclent to pre
vent trado with that port must be sta
tioned near It.
Germany has announced that vir
tually all the seas within four or five
hundred miles of the British coast are
closed to tho merchant shipping of the
world; that any vessel which enters that
area, save through a narrow lano hpecltl
cally designated, docs so at Its peril. The
fact that England -has attempted to close
a smaller area In tho North Sea where It
washes the German coast does not miti
gate the enormity of tho German action.
It lather aggravates it.
There was only ono course open for us,
and that was to protest ngalnst the action
of Germany and to stand ready to make
that protest effective, If our shipping
engaged in peaceful trade wero Inter
fered with. Germany professes to bo
fighting for the freedom of the seas
while she Is denying that freedom to the
neutral nations. The United States is
defending the freedom of the seas: and
in this course Is acting not only for the
protection of the rights of shipping to
day, but for the right of our children's
children to use the salt waters freely In
common with all other nations In the
pursuit of their lawful occupations,
Tl'e Integrity of the Union was in
volved In tho issues of 1861, Tho free,
dom of nil marltlmo nations is Involved
in the issue of 1917." Tho theory that any
nation can plant Itself athwart tho great
water highways and say to the rest of the
world,- "Thus far shalt thou go, and no
farther," Is Intolerable.'
Mr. Wilson has stated tho American
position as clearly as Lincoln stated the
position of the believers In an Indis
soluble union. ,-
PUOF.ITS WITHOUT 'XEAKS"
PROFITS In the stock market even with
the assistance of "leaks" dwindle be
fore some of the profits made in buying'
and selling Bhlps. Lloyd's (London) re
cently Issued a Mist of vessels changing
ownership during the last quarter of 1916,
of which the following-are notable exam
nles: The Kalfuka Maru sold in 1907 fop
$13,78, resold for 7Z,975. The Hercules.
-" to 1CUV1 fo tKt 4d .l V a
-"- .v. , .H--t ,,-
.. -v -tks
UNCLE SAM'S BIG
TREASURE CHEST
Ho Has Lent Two Billion Dol
lars to Europe nnd Has Most
of the World's .
Gold
y OSCAR W, MAGNUSON
Ask tho Hvorngo man what the present
conditions am In the United States as
regards business and the financial standing
of the lcrnmcnt, and without stopping
to give serious thought he will give you
any of a number of answers. They will
range from fair (o excellent. In nine cases
out of ten he Is basing his opinion on tho
nctlvlty of his own particular line, Ho
knows, too. In n general way, about other
lines of trade his newspaper has kept him
informed on thoso points. Offhand ho
will bo unable to glvo any concrete figures,
and before he bothers to get them some
thing must occur.
That something has occurred. Tho break
In diplomatic relations between tho United
States nnd (Jermany makes the study of
our condition extremely Interesting. We
look over thn general situation nnd this I"
what we find: Labor nnd capital are well
employed, the former to a greater extent
thnn tho latter; mills nro working ocr
tlmo to fill tho largo orders on hand, the
country has the largest trado Imlnnco In Its
fin or In history, and tho greater part of
the world's gold Is within our borders.
Then. too. the fact must not be lost sight
of that we enjoy tho distinction of holnp
tho wealthiest nation on tho globe It will
bo seen, therefore, that our position Is nn
enviable nrio.
Continuing our examination, but devot
ing most of our nttentlon to tho Govern
ment's finances, we find that the total
amount of Interest-bearing debt Is t'j'2 -G3.2!n.
Thcro Is nn additional Indebted
ness of J.1US.2CC.D2:, but as this carries no
Interest we aro not concerned with It In
tho present analysis. It must be agreed
that this is Email when comparison Is made
with our resources This debt would, un
doubtedly, be much smaller weto It not
for the faet that tho majority of this Is
deposited ill the Treasury Department nt
Washington to secure the circulation of
national bank notes.
Our Bonded Debt
The total amount of available bonds to
bo used for the circulation prlvllegp Is $!13,
317.4PO. and or this amount $7.11.9:.".". 10,
or eighty per rent. Is deposited to retire na
tional bank notes, In tlnm as the Fedeisl
roserxe net works out the national banks
will l.ve the note-Issue function,
tills line a loan of $:.O0,O0O.O0e has been
spoken of. rut nn definite action has been
taken by Congress. This loan wquld bring
the Interest-bearing debt up to $1, 172. tea, -200.
and the Indebtedness per head of
population would bo n trifle more than
SI3.2S. While we are on the subject of
per capita Indehtedners, it Is Interesting
lo note that the total amount of money
In circulation on I'diruary 1 was JI.49S,
OtlO.Sil, n per capita rlrculallgn of $1:1.50.
It yill bo seen, therefote, that theie would
be n leeway of $50.22 between the indebt
edness nnd the money in circulation.
Let us get back to tho'dlscusslon of what
the Government would be compelled to pay
for money. It must ho remembered that
the notation by thn Government would come
at a tlmo of generally high Interest rates
for loans, especially on loans to foreign
governments, neutral ns well as belliger
ents, since the beginning of tho Kurnpenu
war. jn inai penoci inreign governments
have bonnwed moro than $2,100,000,000
here, and for this they bae paid from five
per rent to six and n half per cent, with the
yield to Imestors based on present market
prices, considerably more.
Our Government would not have to pay
this much. Our hankers and Investors
generally would not let such a thing occur.
It is felt thai three per cent bonds could
be floated nt par. A rate of three and one
half per cent has been mentioned In finan
cial circles, but this would hao a depress
ing Influence on other Government Issues,
as money, unless tho risk Is latge, will
always hit tho Investment !eel ruling at
tho time. A conversion feature, giving the
holder a right to eoincrt at par Into bonds
of a later Issue nt a higher rate, would
guarantee the success of tho loan. It would
ndd a speculative featuro and the Ameri
can public likes anything which has a
Fpeculatle anglo to It. A frturo which
must not be lost sight of Is that the Gov
ernment bonds nro exempt from all taxes,
national or State.
The Price of Money
The highest Interest rate now paid Is
four per cent, being for the loan of 1525,
maturing and redeemable after February 1
of that year. The amount of this loan out
standing Is $I18,I8!i,SOO, nnd of this $32.-
ioi.suo, or twenty-seven Per cent. Is
de- I
posited to secure national bank circulation.
A look Inio the past on Government
loans is not out of place at this time. Thn
loans of the Cil War, with the exception
of sixes of 'SI. of which $18.41.r,000 were
sold nt nn average price of 89.03, were all
placed at par. Commissions ranging from
one-eighth of ono per cent to one per cent
were allowed to tho bankers who dlstrib
utcd the bonds. The bonds sold to carry
on the Spanish-American War wero sold
at par and were Immediately quoted at n
premium.
The rate nf Interest paid In some Instances
during uio iv ii war was jrery high
n,
average nominally paid nt that time was
almost exactly six per cent. Payment was
received In actual currency, and this made
the actual late much higher, because of the
value of gold. In 18C2 the nverago gold
value of United Slates notes was 88. J per
cent, nnd this resulted In nn actual rate of
Interest for the bonds of about 6' per cent.
The alu( of the currency dollar In 186J had
declined fo 38.7 per cent, nt which price It
remained a greater part of the year, making
tho Interest rate on bonds approximately
15'a per cent. Those were abnormal times,
however, and It Is probably safe to say that
they will never recur. Tho national bank
act, which was passed by Congress in 1863,
giving the country Its first organized bank
ing system, had not got fully to work by
thnt time.
While tho Institutions which operate under
State charters, taking In the Stato banks,
trust companies and savings funds, are not
under the Jurisdiction of the Federal Gov
ernment, yet their method of organization
Is patterned along the lines of the national
bank net. Now there are more than 27,500
Institutions scattered over the country. Tho
latest available figures give the resources
of these Institutions at about $35,000,po0,000,
an Increase of approximately $8,600,000,000
since the beginning of the European war.
The balance of trade In favor of the
United States In the fiscal year 1916 was
$2,135,776,356 and In the previous year
$1,094,419,600, making a total of $3,230,-.
191,'jna,
The wealth of the United States Is esti
mated at $lS7,739,071.090i that of Great
Britain nnd Ireland $85,000,000,000, Canada
$7,000,000,000 and India $16,000,000,000,
making the total for the British Kmplre,
Including possessions for which figures are
not given here, $130,000,000,000. Germany
Is third, with' a total of $80,000,000.00
France, $60,000,000,000; Itussla. $40,000,
000,000; Austria-Hungary, $26, 000,000, OOo'
Italy; $20,000,000,000; Belgium, $9,000,000,1
000; Spain. $5,400,000,000; Netherlands,
$5,000,000,000; Switzerland, $4,000,000,000'
Portugal, $2,500,000,000. '
EXIT KING PORK
Encouraging news comes-from Washing,
ton of the unanimous demand for the Im
mediate abdication of fvlng Pork. The
present Is no time for that rapacious mon
arch to 'wield the scepter on Csnltol srm
and. wh ,fc'rra; to jclv ,jjs tfct
W ff."
they will find It to their Interest to sur- -V'';L1 "A0! " it'-f&iVi!4JV) Hi tBMBiKBfBKSnMitSSltmtKKVKF
tender privilege to the Kederal lie- ''-J f iWtr-, 'IfASMl' ' iKKKMESflHUmSfflWWmnNRmlKF
rene banks. When this Is accomplished we : rf&W'FW!1' i IWKWyRSfe J aaaaaaaaaaaaaMlflaHraaflaaRBalBaHS
ran go on and miner our Indebtedness. V' ''nSiWl.f.l.,'Vi'lxu' A VBKBKBBEKKKMBfmflMKCr
In the event of a declaration or a f U'1AvF,HlM,'V WSBBKSBmSSQB
concerted mou- for military and U.'Unl pre- fJviffMlhmi-'cf''x naaaaaaaaaaaCsWREaaaaaaatBaNMaaaaaaaHr
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"WITH FIRMNESS IN
THE VOICE OF
THE PEOPLE
Some Winter Birds Not Men
tioned by W. R. M. Various
Views on the Interna
tional Crisis
77n (ejinrlmnif (a rev fo oil rrnerriji ulio
urn. to rji)rc.v their opinion on rtubjccti of
riirifiil titlerrsf. ;t m mi open nrutn. ciml the
f.rrnina l.rilwr nsnimcj nu te.iuonnlbllitu tor
tha i fcira of ila rorrrapmirciifs. f,etteis tilnar
ut atoned bv thn name rtntl atMrrv of the
ii-nter, tint tiece icnrlli for ruitilirriffmi, but ns a
iuaiiinlca of aood taith.
WINTER BIRDS
To the Editor of the K vetting Ledger:
Sir I was ery much interested and
pleased to read an article in your columns
about "Our Winter Blids" signed W. It.
M. It was n timely article and ono I
think which was much appreciated, hut (if
jou will allow nle u wotd of criticism)
It does seem as If the writer should have
given the beginner In the glorious pastime
of bird observing a better Idea of those
birds which ho Is most likely to see.
No doubt W. II. M. has seen nil the
bhdi he mentions, although somo are very
tare In this section of the country; notably
tho snow bunting nnd the chickadee. In
a recent lecturo nt the Academy of tho
Nntural Sciences I think Dr. Wlttner Stone
said that the snow bunting had been re
ported In Pennsylvania this winter, but not
in the Immediate vicinity of Philadelphia.
But why. oh why, did W. It. M. omit
our brightest and most spectacular winter
bird? This Is the cardinal the bird which
lam" i.ane .aiicii goes inio rapiures auout
in "a KentucKy i animal nnd which he
partlculaily emphasizes ns a beautiful
sltiht In tho snow. In faet the "cardinal
.In the snow" Is a byword among bird
lovers and a sight to remember a lifetime !
Ono of tho cardinal's names Is the winter
red bird, and all ornithologists agree that
It is resident throughout Its range, but
W. 1 1. M. says It goes south with tho orioles
nnd tanagers, For his Information I would
like to say that I can find a cardinal in
Falrmount Park anv clay In tho year.
But there are many characteristic birds
omitted. For Instance, the beautiful 'little
golden-crowned kinglet as exquisite ns
any warbler a winter bird altogether hero
and very abundant; the winter wren, some
times confused wlfh his summer cousin, but
a different bird; the white-throat" sparrow,
much more numerous than the song Bparrovv
mentioned. The goldfinch Is here In good
numbers all winter, but Is brown and green
Instead of his summer gold. The most ac
tive of our winter woodpeckers, tho little
downy. Is not even mentioned, nor is the
starling now probably only second In num
bers and noise to tho English sparrow.
All along the Schuylkill niver herring
gulls and wild ducks are numerous In win
ter and during mild winters the hermit
thrush is with us. This gentle nnd beau
tiful songster should surely receive notice,
although he is not n very regular sight.
And there aro others rarer birds but
most of those I have mentioned will bo
seen by any cltse observer, whereas robins,
bits Jays ahd blue birds are really very
scarce nnd the hunt for them would dis
courage any beginner, no matter how en
thusiastic. Monnow PALMKrt.
Philadelphia, February 10,
W. It. M. asks us to say that his little
paperwas one of appreciation rather than
of comprehensive catajogulng. The Idea was
to dispel the somewhat common Idea that
bird life 1b scarce In winter. The birds
mentioned by W. It. M., supplemented by
Mr. Palmer's list. Indicate how far of the
mark this Idea Is. Winter has. many Joys
for the bird-lover. Editor of the Evening
Ledqer.
GERMANS ARE GOOD CITIZENS
To th Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir Being an American born of good old
Quaker stock on my father's side-fend Irish
descent two generations removed on my
mother's, I think I am In a position to ex
press the opinion of the general publlo of
the United States. My father is a Civil
War veteran, and my oldest son a naval
man, my other son Is at present with the
Sixth Pennsylvania In Texas. So far as I
know I have no German blood In my veins
but my heart Is with them. All the Amtrl
lean people feel that It Is unfortunate that
we are at odds with a people who make
the best citizens. Many fought In it,, r.1.,1,
war ana many more would give their
klM r.y -fTt.,.1 QaM tAn.. ?. V.'Mr
"ivw w..w.u .,. auuny. wny then
akauld they feel that we aid. wi.v. .i. ,"
'e with the Kna
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THE RIGHT, AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT"
teaches us to hate tho Engl'sh, nnd, believe
me, every American heart mistrusts John
Bull. True we llko his gold, wo make muni
tions for him, but not for love, no sir! He
has to pay clearly for them, and why should
we ho blamed? Many Germans nro working
In our munition factories, nnd many Ger
mans are working right here in Millbourne
making flour for their enemies, but If they
do not do It somo one else will. Be loyal
to Uncle Sam, friend German, and wo will
be loyal to you. Your Germany Is driven
to the wall nnd no doubt we would protect
ourselves at any cost if we were In her
place ; but you would not let a neighbor
slap you In the face without causa and not
defend yourself, neither can we.
AltMV AM) NAVY UNION ADJUTANT.
Philadelphia, February 10.
TRUST OUR PRESIDENT
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir lt is tho duty of every American
to stand firmly nnd unflinchingly behind
tho President In this hour of severe strain
td defend and not to attack him,
Some persons who are not at all well
Informed as to the present stato of af
fairs are prone to harsh criticism. If such
persons would Hut take the trouble to look
back over the President's movements, they
would sec .bow forcslghted he has been, what
great wUdom ho has shown In taking every
possible step to avoid a break with Ger
many. Therefore, now If a break should
come tho blamy will not rest on us. I'm
sure we may safely place our trust In
President Wilson to protect tho honor of
our beloved country.
M. ELIZABETH SUDDABDS.
Philadelphia, February 10.
WANTED: 10,000 AVIATORS
Tho following remarks by Henry Wood
house, before the University of Pennsyl
vania Alumni Club, of New York city, are
reported b; Old I'enitf
"Kitchener said that an aviator Is worth
an army corps nnd General Pershing said
that an aviator Is worth a cavalry division.
And a man after he has had two years of
military training Is worth Just about half
a soldier, but If he takes six months of
training In aviation ho Is worth at least
one hundred soldiers.
"Tho air service Is the most economic
service of the military organization. In
this country, where the problem Is essen
tially ono of defense, the air service affords
an econnmla solution of preparing quickly
nnd effectively. I do not mean by that
that efTorts should not be made to develop
every branch of the service; but this
country oould get tho best results In de-
eloping Its defenses by promptly taking
steps to train and equip 10,000 aviators.
"At present the army has less than eighty
aviators In the aviation section, and that
number Is too small to afford the personnel
needed for training schools.
"The army has received since July 12,
1913, when President Wilson authorized the
aerial reserve, more than 1600 applications
from men to Join the air service. The army
has sent about fifty of the applicants to
train.
"At present the seventy-eight forts and
the forty-five batteries of field artillery
which arc! supposed to pijotect the United
States have no kite balloons, aeroplanes or
dirigibles. Therefore, they are blind, as It
were, so that the territory . which they
should protect would be at the mercy of
the long-range guns of vessels lying beyond
the point of vision 'of the artillery ob
servers stationed In the forts,"
All Points -of the Compass
Rubaiyat of a Commuter
L,yn
Jones, yesterday. Much Madness did prepare
For his good Wife. He loaded up for fair
Drank till he knew not Whence ho came
nor Why 1 '
Drank till he knew not When he went nor
Where.
lA'HI
He found his Door to which he had h:s Key
t wasn't dark, but still he couldn't see
The Migratory Keyhole In the Door.
And so he raised his Voice and called for
me.
Henry Eastman, the handsome Hercules
powdtrer, came back from California a few
days ago. Ha told us he was, caught In
a snowbank somewhere In Wyoming for
forty-eight hours. "Was the snowbank
deenT" we asked unsuspectingly, "n.i
It was more'n fifty feet," said Harry
"Why didn't you get out of the car arid
rllnvb overt" still unsusDectlnr. n.......
climb overr still unsuspecting. "Becaua.
l-.a .......a !..- Hlit. i.l. .. . . u8(1
cwumn a aiatm uig uiinu i, ne retorted
it ... lurhv fnr htm that t,. .mw.,."i
It w ucky for him that he sldsstepped
OW lnlahnt forUiwliir"pesoai u pal
..-"-r. iii-.r. " "..:':t:j:: "t"p'o-
-UIISKjUUIS
What Do You Know?
t Queries of acneral interest wilt be answered
in this column. Ten nuentiotts, the antyem to
which fvrrjj wtlUinformctt person should know,
arc asked Haitv. ,
QUIZ
t. Who wna the "Ilachflor President"?
?. What la the last word In the ntble (King
fume, tendon)?
3. What la thn correct pronunciation of
"half"?
4. Whnt treat American writer wna born on
ln.lilngton' lllrthdnj?
rt. How- dor the United Matea declare wnr?
1. Who nrr the "Torheel"?
7. Docs o "state of war" ever prerede a for
mal declaration?
. What iir the Kncllah nainra for beer and
nla?
0. What are frljolf.?
10. Wn It cicr ixiaolhlo for n foreln-lorn cltl-
rc-n or the United Statea to become Trea
blent? Answers to Saturday's Quiz
1. Wealer Frost la United States Conaul nt
qureiiMnvvn.
S. Tlili la the rrrnth jear nf the Hoy Scouts
of America.
3. Froni Srhube-tt Mi nn Austrian composer
nf the early pnrt of the nineteenth cen
tury. 4. There are 150 Tsalma of David.
a. Tho rurnlca. nrr the mounted police of Mei
Irn. vihn became funioui durlne the Diaz
rcclme,
fl, "Crncodlle tenra" l n ajnonvin for hrno
critical srlcf, cornlnc from the- fable that
the crocodile slicclt tear while ratine lit
prey.
7, California la called the (.olden State.
8. O. Henry wrote "(.'ahbatra nnd Klncs."
0. l'rnnklln D. Koosrvelt Is Aaststant Secretary
of the- av.
10. Italy nnd Japan have recorded the createat
number of earthquake in the hint llfty
rur (more than 27,000 each).
Recruiting
Inquirer Yes, a young man meeting the
army requirements .who has the consent
of his parents may enlist, nlthough he Is,
not qulto seventeen years old. If the pari
ents consent, there Is no minimum ago limit;
but, of course, the army.would not "rob the
cradle," as a recruiting ofilcer expressed It.
The minimum age limit without parents'
consent Is eighteen years.
Stamp Language
H. N. Y. The "stamp language," as In
terpreted by the manner of placing stamps
on envelopes, Is as follows: "Write no
more" (upside down In upper right-hand
corner) ; "I love another" (same, corner
crosswise) ; "yes" (top, center) ; "no" (hot
torn, center) ; "Do you love me?" (right
angle, right-hand corner) ; "I hate you"
(left-hand corner); "I wish your friend
ship (upper right-hand corner) ; "I seek
rlvl.f .l.an J 1 n.1 ..
..o...-..u cuke;, .mere are other versions
H might be added that additional work and
n?rry, IY,e b.r0UBnt t0. Ptal clerks by the
use of this "language."
Law and Latin
M. B. If tho requirements of law schools
are -a criterion. It Is almost' essential for a
aw student to have ,me knowledge of
l.at n. Most law schools require that the
applicant for entrance shall have a college
degree, and most college entrance require!
menta specify a few years of high .school
Latin. There are cases where succeSsfS
lawyers did not know Latin, but no Soub
hey "picked It up." In the study of chemls.
try Greek Is more Important than S n
although these languages do not hear he
same relation to chemistry that Latin bears
P. R. R. Hotel
W. W. Information about the new h..i
otfthe Pennsylvania Railroad In w $.
111..J ua ..umuicii jrom me publicity k,,,.,
Broad Street Station. """'cy b.ureau,
SAM LOYD'S PUZZLE
umllEnE'S all the turkeys we have
lleft," said Ougelhelm.fi,. l.T
man. "Together Uiev av.i-t, ..."
pounds, and the little f.iin . .,.'1iy
two cents a pound more than ih. ISI
Answer to Saturday's Puirle
THEIIB must have been JJ.O0O 000
worth of common stock At i ... I,
cent thrswoum.mak. the waffir dT
ivteoda amount to iSOO.aoo " " aivi.
JUU, ...lu.iniinm.e eiovver left-hand cor
... ' vim., on ime with
name); "I am engaged" (same, upside
down; "I long to see you" (same, right
hand), and "Write lmmrflat.i., L,5.
lIUIUUIO.
Tom Daly'a Cojimp
THE TOAXT UXDItlXKAULB
When I am satisfied tritt, -
Its recompenses veil its strife
And I tcax Withe and merry
'lis then I love the mellow ol'ow
The liquefied punctilio
Of Andalustan shcrru.
And u-hen mu errant fanetr.
Miff .SI
O'er fields adventurous and strann.
And antic fun orotcs frisky '
I like to feel the velvet, broicn
Old faithful potheen trickle dotcn -'
.. ,...,. vuur mc rtpc ow tchUku.
Uut, tchen I toast You, hcarfs de,,,,
The rarest u-inc icants scent and ftri
. ..-..a,,. .,,, uu uunccei nrow-id If
for Xcctar is the onitf fcrcto '
That's fit to toast the pracc of Vou
And I hayc never found if,
. A. A.
A MOVIVfl TA1P nt. ..
it- ...... ,.: "" HTIE.1
gejtlng" their ho.UoM g," "
shipment and left late thla afternoon J(
their new home In Hays, We don' S?i.fw-
Kona SIT. don'' ft ,mrd"- Job than'to
Cochran did in this act. Wo could ..''
It In his countenance, nnd thf ?, I. M"
about his work the past M,TC.Al,r1
he shook hands with his emnlnv..' !
friends g6od-bv lenr, ,V.. l?10.'" W
come in his eyes. "elp ;;
. htnrtlng nearly forty venr 1
homestead near Plalnvllle. mr,,.-.., "nS
ox team for money to huv a w,uo k.T'l
Kansas nnd ono of
i "i uio icai ng flnmn.iH
Mate. Plalnvlirra
powers of the
Times.
TI.1VS tt WAll ttlaanaa,-! - .....-
Mrs. Cochran toour cl v TuvThasV"'
claiming 9. o. for some-time Now"h.
have him correlled and In the Flm w.TJi
"' nmun warci or the city) we pronoiafl
to freeze to him. Vm. cm . ' "'"l a
illse Flat may ns well hai
"""" """ ""'"ays (Kan ) Free Press, J
it'i.- .. 'M
miai mc i-uoilc Wants
A nickel's all right to have, of course
But Its dimes I'm wanting today'
For a nickel Is only a nickel.
But a dime Is a photoplay
California rcllcM, 1
A dime is all right to have, of course,
But It's dollar Pm wanting to s.
For a dime Is only a plate of bean
But a dollar' a dinner for me, "
WIM, LOU .
True to tho martial,
.hi martial, valorous tradltlona a
race from which they .prai. ,S
,H IURKTO
Mirnturin ui in- 'tnn.V l-anl. u 7! .;-" -
Society, at ths ttrpntr-elBhth n.r n"Ir"" ;
last nlsht, etc.. etc. annual barnueta
saturdiy a p, i, JJ
Shouldn't that ono race bo hyphenlnjjl
in print "race"? Anyway, be carf,,lf,l
how you speak- of tho Irish end of ItfJ
"AVo sprang from no wan; wo spring rfftl
AT Sixtieth street nnd Baltfmore an?
nue mere is displayed a sign of thrJ
umes snowing tno modern notion of thif
rciaiiva importnnco of things;
AUTOMOniLK
nnd Mnrrlacn
LICENSES
I'omcgrcnades of Pronunciation
I
To the metropolis of Berks
O'er shining rails I'm speeding.
The Kvenino I.nnoEn on my lap
I'm very fond of reading,
Arid now the train Is slowing down.
Into the town we're hcadlnc
Oh. song nnd sauerkraut, girls and bli
. I m very fond of Heading. . 4 ,1
no.VG FONT. V
It J lly understandable why
nf
tha prartrf 'I
prayers are phrased In Kngllah. Uua.i.n. iWlu'l
irJi'" JL"ni,.n.n1'i h' P'hy, overjbody who Mil
mt ntiir. arn not Deins
only the German l.incuace ,1
F. P. A . In N'ew Vnrl Trlhim. ol
"Which reminds nn nf T.ni-n- Qht.
...... j uiiutn,;,.
story oc the argument between McGowaij
and Clancy ns to which was the best!
fighting man and which tho worst. "Askl
me nn alsywan," said Clancy, "TIsiT
greatest flchtln' man is thn lHhrnaik'Jl
and the worst Is tho Chinee." "But
why?" "Well, whin nn Irishman startil
Into battlo ho'll get down on his knf 4
an' he'll pray .an' then he'll g"o In an' hellfl
win " "But the Chinaman, can't In '
pray, too?" "Oh, ho could, but who till
dlvvll would understand him"' M
Tim UXATTAIX.
M'e strive to reach thn fabled goal
dcdoodl ' M
That lies acuoiul the rainbow's end. ll
The uxinderlttst of every soul
That gropes ichcre itoncmay comprchnit
.JS
ilH
.1 mi mus tnu ounu uoy sam tit mr,
r.namorcd of the salty spray:
'I'd surely run away to sea,
If I could sec to run away."
SAM S. STIXSOH.M
II
They Also Serve
You, Tammas. I am sure, bjllevo
every man has at least a little good In hli
I, Krab, believe that every man has at lew
a little bad iulhlm. I saw a man toil
and I didn't llko him, Probably all'-fl
could see was that little bad. I haven 1 1
least Idea who he Is,
I was having lunch nt a counter wh
colored men do the waitlnc. and they I
wonders. Kspeclally la the ono In this UIB
n most merry genius. However, this baa 1
came In, sat down and commenced to row
tne wauer trieu 10 nx nuns, t
harder he tried the moro the bad
rowed. Finally ho said he wanted to 1
the manager. Old black John said,
rignt, doss ; lii go fetch him r f
Old John wandered down nast me
I told him to go slow getting the b
I was throuch lunch and I walked atom
back of the. bad man. "Do vdu want I
see tho manager?" quoth I. "Yes, I &&
he said, and started off on a tale I 1
quite catch. "Hold on," said I, "I
want to hear your troubles: wev
enough of our own. If you don't Hi' 1
nlaee. cref out nnd dnn't enme back, nJ
In passing, I'd like to say that "hllij
uon t nnow you very well, 1 juaga
the way you aqt and from your lookJ 1
the nigcrer is worth about elftht of
The door is right hands-, see It?" TM
walked throueh It lm-self nnd beat it-
it to where a little explaining would 4,"
most good. So much for being a
KIUB
Here's a psychic problem that we
account for.- Several days ago wi.a
In a little red paper-covered booklet
Illiterate and Impudent bit of propatt
to which -Ave mado passing referenfj
this sentence: "Tho Walter is Invtn
a man of principle; usually well edua
sound intellect good brains or
wise they could not be waiters." We'
that, wo sav. some davs ago and. I
missed it from our mind. We are J
we gave it no thought when we Jr
the pillow last night, but whet we M
this morning we instantly began ,
"Let us then be fp and dom
With a heart for any .fate?'
Htlll achieving, still pursuli
J
'- ' A-y . - -
7 ..T