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GENESIS OF AUTO TIRE
IN TROPICAL GUM TREE
' Rubber Plus Cotton Plus Chem
istry Equals tnc jussciuiai
Cushion of JMotorcar
.u m nf n ruMicr tree, tlio boll of n
i. .Minn tiliint nml (he rlrMrness of the chem
FS!from tin-"" opiIiikx Hie miloinnblle tlfe
The ro""""" "' ruiiiu'r. H coniriuuiinR
jk ... . ..tHnuii it flirt nilfnmnlitln lit-
factor 1" ,n ," "' ' .,..........,.. ...
'.... B,,j the uiilespread use of the motor
fhirlot "f -mt (le-.iTlntloii la nlnortilns
The tnr "f h-. the sni of n tree tiro
,",,, ,1,1- futnlat'on for n Iwetitlelh-eontury
molution m ii.inMmrtnlloii carries one to
St damp iiopleil JunBlos nnd the modern
rubber ntantntlrmH that Rlrtlle the earth at
Rihit rnnat' r Krnm ine tinu-wiicrip nmi
'. ' nr. ,.i Mtrrri In the ruliher lull miller
J! mm. il un "f 1'nra a hi! Malnyn the
! trail 101.1-
' Itubher i' pioilineii iiv many varieties or
,., shnils nnd rteeplntt vines, hut only a
..Iii,l mimlirr lrlil mint of ii Kruile hlch
m innueb f' i the miiitifiiotiifr of iiutomohlle
tlrCS "' 'lete-l l'ltilli''ii-i(. il iiiiur I mi
i,erlree of ihe Vm.irnii nllev, furnishes the
trlnrlpol -iipplt (IrowliiK urlli! In Ihe
i,iiiti ml ilnreil Jiinilles of the Urn7.lll.ui
Mnter!nnil t nisi h im been cutmnteil sue
tcssfiiin n the rubber plantations of the
Fl&t umitra I im ion, im.iyii nun iihl
nil Uet frba where lniinrfnnt rubber-
i onxluelnK 'I iti Ii ! b.ne been ilevelnpeil
i . . - ..f III. iilllrilll.il. Iln llpn llftl.lHa
U 'Jlir gMHTI "I '" '" .-r.....
EVENING raJDGERr-PHIFABBtPHTA; WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 17, 1917
17
b,!,e Mrt ""P"1 of " e for the w,iky
Juice that rontalns the latex or rubber
globule Tno methods ore ued ihe one
in the ttild rubber foresN or S-intlt nnd i'en
tral Ameriei the oilier on the ruhl.e- plan
tation, m ii, ,,rPm hl lhr JII1Kl) t,
nilUf. Indian tr.iwls nur path. ,en
tnrouuh the ,ele underRroth from tree to
tree. innklntc sinall liielsliins In tin. irmii
of ihe rubber tree with n prlmltHc Intend
and nttaehlnB a tiny rlay eup to each In
cHInn (in the il.intnJlon more modem
iiietlintls hae been i!l.coorod There the
nelslon Is a uplral r'irollng the stem of the
tree, or It Is a lierrlMMinhc" rut. consist
ItiB or obliquo puis with a eentral ertlcal
rlinnnel leadltin to llto receptnele at the base
of the tree.
TIini:S Ct'T AT SL'NM'P
The Incisions usually nre made nt sun
rise, ns the sap. In which tloiits the latex
Blobules of rubber, Hows tnoro freely In
the mornlne hours. The tree Is mibjeeted to
the rutting proress nt Intenals, its annual
lehl ratiBltiB rrom .'. to IB-1T pound.
tn the JunRle about two hours arier tiu.
plnp the snp ! collected In n hrner Jar
and taken to Ihe "smoking" hut. nhere it
simmers ner a slim nre, the niiueou. olu
lion rxnpnrntlue and (he dense Mtiukr inu
Inu the hitex to consulate The lnle Is
slowlv reolved on a paddle, fre.h lalet
IhIiiB poured mer the coaRiilntlni; ma., and
formliiR la.xer b layer, the "ham" or "bls
itill" of rubber uelRhluR .about on pounds
On the plantation n much cleaner but not
as epenne or hicli Rrnde Ijpe or rubber
Is produced by more modern mctho(s. In
tfludlnR the use of chemicals.
The crude rubber then Is shipped to the,
American tlremnker throuRh the Rreat rub
ber port, of the tropics After belnR
softened In Imt-nater Miti. th blsnilis are
put throURh the brcaltlnR-down milt w litre
huge Rtcel rollers tear them apart The
w rtened mas. next l. sent throiiRh a clean
Ing pror . ptfoi roller, nnd steady stream,
o clear water clean.liiR It of all dirt. Brit
stlik. and other fnrt-lRii matter Much of
the plantation rubber 1. considered already
clean euouRb to eliminate a repetition of
till. rore.s, the rubber heliiR sent direct
Into Ihe channel, that produce tire.
tirjInR is the next stase which tbc
hl.iek i ream colored or yellow crude rub
ber teaches It 19 necessary becnuse any
molstur.' Mould lesult In blisters or Mow.
holes (au.ed In steam fofinlUB when the
rubber is Mitcanlzed
mimino fnocusa
Tito leehnical process of inttlng the rub
ber and other constituents of lite tire con
elsta in dranir.R the rubber sheet throuRh
the steam-heatcil rollers of the mllllnR or
fnlxInR machine, where It is masticated and
Warmed until II Is reduced to 11 plastic
mass At Ihe pinper point of illastlclty It
recelxes, little by little, the Rulphur and
other InRredlrnls, which are applied In the
form of fine powders The mass Is then
worked over nnd kneaded by the hot rollers
until the tiewlv added matcfliila are evenly
dixit United throughout th compound The
endlcs. sheet of rubber that Is fed Into the
roll f. then cut off rotted up and sent to
bin. In the scaonlnR room or Rreen-.tock
storeroom
ruTTo.v I'AtmH'
fabric and rubber that are to form motor
car tires are fed Into th calender together
The rubber first Is softened !( heat In a
miring machine and then It nnd the fabric
that Ih to be ImpreBtinled tilth the ruhbi r
cnmpiiiinil ,ire pressed loRelher bv the frlc
tlnii imiu'M I. 1 tliei nre sent tluoURh the
In m 1 rills of ihe 1 nli nder which nu nil
Justed by delicate meUianlsm The fabri
cation process provides a rtrong Bkeleton
framework for the pum
The roll of rubber fnbrle leavlnir the
cabniler Is then cut nnd 1 H l nn! 1 km
to the automobile tire depailmcnt. where
the unfabrlcnted rubber aiirady has been
sent The rubber-ranted fabrle now Is cut
into strips of the proper width, ns wide ns
an automobile tire would be If flattened out
from bead to bead
The bulldim of pneumatic tires Is loa
trehnleil to be discussed thoroughly In n
short nrllcV The firs! chief stnse wh'ch
the building undergoes Is Ihe shaping of the
tire This Is done on reiolilng Iron cores,
which are of the shape nnd diameter nf
the desired lube fnehlnefv l.irgeli has
supplanted the hand method of applying the
fabric tn the core, principally because the
mechanical method applies the fabric to the
core at a uniform tension, nnd the rollers
ihnt help to shape It press all unevenness
out of the surface of Ihe tube
The tire that has been molded nbotlt the
core into n ilrtunlly solid c.imblnatlon of
rubber and fabric Is sort nnd ns iri un
cured Soma manufacturers nnrtlnllv cum
Pthe tire before the trend Is added, but
most or them rcserto the finishing process
iinill the lire Is complete
This process Is iiilonnmatlon tt muses
the ruhbi r compound, with nil Its in
nredli'tits to uiidcigii 11 ihrmlciil change
thnt inures 11 against the wear nnd tear
of the ro.ul and glies it the ipiallli of
toughness it I'mut dcfitrotii.it d 1 ( 1 it
and resiliency II consists In heating the
tire under pressure.
The growth of the automobile tire In
dustrv Is as Interesting ns the process of
mnnufneture It enme rrom nothing in nil
Important Industry Hint Is red In n more
mipif sine trn'llc In the unto
When the 'horseless cm Hiiro appearid
in the nlnclits a demand arose rvt imeu
matio tires The light bicycle tires wero
round to bo tr -, weak Inventive minds
turned lottnnl n h itier nnd bigper prudtut
Vinerenn m irufm liners npplled the single
tube prim Iple the Diamond (ijoodrlrh)
llnhber Compint lurnlnR out the first aulo
moblle fires or this kind
thirope stuck to the other types. I'ngland
dneloplng the wlred-on and I'rnnce the
illncher In the 1 tilled States the clincher
tipe lias taken up later by llormnllv &
.lefferv nnd the Hoodlich Oompnnv. This
tjpe protcd tin must satisfactory and was
Ihe sland.ml until IjtilfS, when the quick
d lachablc rim 1 nme Into brlnS
ItUmiEK SUPPLY UNDI.KSS
rultlvntion of ttovcit Troo Hoosta Wllil
Supply tn Fofestn
The cultlin'lon of the Heven specie, nf
the rubber tree tins added not n little to the
preseM-day widespread use of rubber.
The production of cultivated rubber, vir
tually a negligible quantity In 1mn hut!
grown tn nhoul BO.onO pound bv inn.i tv
t'Hn lima tons of rubber were shipped frmn
plantations IM.' .inanitions; t'Hd. !M nun
ions, nnd mid. inn.oon tons (estlmnl.d)
l"ic inlthated rubber, tihlrh comes prln
iipillj riom Ihe Orient, forms a llltle more
II in half the rilhher production of the
world. The other and fiirmcrl prlrrip.il
j mid of the gum runes from the wild rub
ier fmests of South nnd I'enlinl America
,iml I .1st mil West Africa' where u Heir
rcplclil h III! .mil almost Im Xh.lll- llble .onue
1 '-in ji't 1 pifc
THE AUTO IN WAR
Every Nation in Every Climo Uses
Mcitorcnr
The battle nf the Marne became a French
sin cess partly by vIMua nf tlio motorcar,
fienernl tlaltlenl's "automobile army" u-a9
nothing more or less than a roscrto army
of poiius crammed Into hastily gathered
motor 1 chicle, and rushed northward from
l'arls toward a timetable tiolnt In the. In
indlng Hermnn line Automobiles of ciery
rirsrripllon were used talrabs, touring
cars tommerclal trucks, roadsters, run
abouts and llmnuslnrs
No fcweV than 82, ana motortrucks were
used by tho Italian, army In preparing for
Its advance against (lorltln. They Irans
pirted 800,000 men. SR.OOO 'animals, JB.000
vehicle and large nunntltles of supplies In
the front, according in dispatches About
tone motorcars wero used in rushing 100.
nno men to strntcRlc points nlnng the battlo
line The troop cars averaged I2B miles a
dm. It Is reported
I c'ures from enslern war theatres sliow
ihnt ihe nmti.rcar Ims replaced In part thn
dromednrv ns n trnnsporler of munitions
nnd supplies for the Turkish armies In
Mesopotamia nnd Itessnrnbln
ileiieral rershlng's punltlie expedition
111 Mexico Is connrcled with "homo" by
menus of the nutomohllo Motortruck sup
pl.t trains ply between his base and his
1 amp
The ttrltlsh "lank" Is tho fnnilllnr auto
mobile heavllv armored and equipped with
iMtrtpillai wheels that can stretch across
ti,iii hrs nnd other depressions like thn feet
nf their namesake
NEW INTEREST SHOWN
IN AUTO ACCESSORIES
$1,000,000,000 Invested in Motor
Parts Manufacture
in U. S.
Automobile nrcrssnrtes tho parts that
nro ltal to tho bulldlhg of the motorcar
nro almost forgotten In the blafco nnd
splendor of tho motor chicles that dazzla
olio at tho automobile bIiow.
And yet the axles, batteries, carburetors,
shock absorbers, generators, transmissions,
clutfches nnd other parts that are on exhi
bition In thn booths aro tho rcprcsoniatiies
of an Imo.tment of mnro than $l.onnnoo.
onn In the t 'lilted States That Is the com
bined capitalization of the 261 members of
the motor and accessory in.inufnrtiir s
Acce.'orles this year nro recolvlncpnors
ntlenllon from Iho spectators than ever
before This Is duo to a general process
of education of the motoring public, acces
sory denlers nre bnppt to relate Tho
nutomnbltn denlers themselves view with
delight this nwiikancd Interest In acces
sories, for It mentis that tho public Is be
ginning to bo concerned chlelly with tho
quality of tho car's mechanism no ngalnat
Its beauty.
Alitiimnliilinff Archibald Asks:
ItVifit, O vnrn, tell! thn traffic rfigula-t
floin Iir the same from Tin Iitana, CaL, to
ll'jtnulftocfc. Mc t
I
ADOUP.'.iE incentive to buyers of
nuto accessories: is presented
those purchasing from firms ml
vprttsinir ( liis papce. A doublo
fruarantcc, that of tho Manufacturer
ninf the loc'il Sum 1 House, covers
t.ich and ever:.' article.
ER QUALITY AUTQ ACCESSO:
On Display in Ledger Centra J Window
AUSOLUTE Batisfaction is Runirm-J-
tcod. If any of tho pooda fall
bolow ntandnrd, nn adjustment
will bo cheerfully made. Thoso arti
cles aro on display all this week nt
Ledger Central.
Break Any Sedgley Wrench
Aid We Repaid It Without Charge
cd-jicy Quality la You: Guarantee of Durability
"HejcaH" Socket Wrench
"K. & S." Ralchct Wrench
smlSMmi3ifi&
tilt fd '-? Pit Jf-Lr ''" iit f175sWTfTTTi"'fTf rfWi'rw'r t !l
r&g$msggiP
A splendid tool, 10" hexagon
steel b indie. 7 sockets made from
bir rteel, ense hnnloned Sockets
park neatly on handle when not In
use I rlctlon ball In hnnilln pre
lents them fiom droopmi; off
Weight, only 21 ounces. Price, $1.B0.
, ba .il -iee forging, two
sc r, wilrlier h't- of best tool steel
Kxtenslon hnr six Ini lies. Seien
soclteis of ease hardened steel. Tor
bolt's and nuts rrom S'ltl to , or an
Inch Weight, 1 lbs Set, cojn
plete with 11 pli c s, J2 50.
Dealers, Ask Your Jobber OR
R. F. SEDGLEY
2311-13 North 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
1
We Arc
Exclusive
Agents
JUHASZ CARBURETOR
C R G CARBURETOR
FAURE TIRES
DUNLOP TIRES
VAULRY TIRES
i
ktW Si n l r 'W-1 lr
if m ss m WW
Theso enrburetors ro absolutely tho best on tho market wo stand back
r eiery one nf them.
These three tires aro positively tho lines! o,u.illtv or .lutomobllo tires money
can buj ijac ii CAiniins a uiiY sTiio.Nt. (.uauantim:.
WE CARRY ALL MAKES OF TIRES, AND CAN
SAVE YOU MONEY ON ANY MAKE YOU DESIRE
Full assortment of all the latest accessories Alua.tH carried In stock nnd
t er moderate prices Let us supply jou .N'o matter what yoli want, whether
It be ror a high-prico enr or the Ford, we handle It
Get our prices lirforo placing jour order for any accessories
VACUUM OILS AU- "Ati i-AiutiED
YX-wvwi v IN STOCK
J'Anni order icceitc jiioii( ntli ntton
LOCUST AUTO SUPPLY CO.
Bfll I'lione Hprure II S
1411 LOCUST STREET
KrjMonp Itmp
OOD
t-ALL R
FY
OADS
Not Much of a Car -But
SOME Tire
, Gorham Tire & Rubber Co;.
2220 Chestnut Street
v i h'ii "!' 'i H
i i , , i' nil
' I'l'iiin 'i il ln'l
rftt TEH WPff A IMPiViiiiiii hi i' liii'Mi iii i , 'r"'L
. IgmrffTffTTrrTi,. .. .... &lXNK&fm " ,'. ,,'H ' il,il, ffitfm
' 5 Jwllr i Guaranteed &'s42!$g3&WE fieSi $3
v. ; WmWl : 3M XSp
M u w Mmw Sw The Hum
Simlex Shock Absorbers and ". WR tVrTY
9k J Teco Automobile Bumpers WJ&ttSZs (v!v' "4
K 13J9 Duttonwood Street '. Ajvm(ftVk,J 9aflBT IWIT'I III I fiilli -fl l U Mfe. 1
iiilii,:!!!::!!:'1:;'!!!1!.1
Hi
Cleveland Standard
Tires Are Made By
hi,
u
u
whose efficiency and adaptability to
the varying problems presented by each
individual tire insures freedom from flaws
such as no machine work could guarantee.
vy,",??! I'.'rfi'PiwrrvrWi
I Chas.E. Miller
Will Exhibit at the
Auto Shotv
1917 Miller j
GUARANTEED
': Porcelain Spark Plug J
35c Each
1 Special Introductory J
; Prices
: Miller Diamond "M"
I RED INISER TUBES J
; Philadelphia Branch
318 Norlh Broad Street
"MaHil-it M.tiirt tntM.ffHtlfat-fl
Hp3 Kf lPci
' Jet lmsY
A Jp yjffiTuSA willy
Jmy iW.waigpiW' -ft
Am yfils??sfc 1-
LMmmmF fiwumfk
i orm -tf .AgMr&j w m ipji n - - m
L"fuaims?&3r tok&ke&e l if
i aSnwffi,! i .. . ii I
b '''f,,l'V,'HViwiAMaii
J,hy Srcak thc l,cncil, V
jot 'ijy iiuewise with case Mi Vy
jl fff and you illustrate VV .
ffi?f JJI for yourself the vv( IfV
WtlM&ji application of lat- 'Si m
n thr ra,n wi I ltd
strain t
wooden tpoke.
rr Jk
I j
fwviy Jft J
Xd J
Irv to null the pencil in
two, lengthwise, and note
its great tensile strength.
The strain on Houk spokes
is always an END PULL.
WIRE WHEELS
piiilllilliliiliii
Famous for Mileage
are full molded by our own exclusive process. They are
made of the finest, most carefully selected SEA ISLAND
IAtmltJ and up-river line rara ruDDer. y
ONE PLY MORE OF FABRIC IS USED THAN
IN MOST OTHER TIRES
The tread is of special tough rubber
Visit Our Exhibit at tne Phila. Show Slain Floor
tleveland lire ana nuooer ,o,
307 North 15th St. h
llll I'liwe. Sprut I0J9. Itrrtton 1'bow, Kaco Hi,
!ll,","!l,m!ll!!l
' '
;n;';:;i""i""
lii'lHIitii
Raar&stearl
Li 3500-MUq
Are the monarchs of the Wheel World. They owe
their regal position to their Supreme and Unchal
lenged Weight-Carrying Strength, Efficiency, Econ
omy and Safety.
Automobile Manufacturers in the front rank of
Achievement and Popularity equip their cars with
The Houk.
The Houk can do what no other wheel can do:
1 st. Permit of a lateral blow of four tons.
Stand a safe tensile strain of
3200 pounds.
2nd. Tire changes have been made with
the Houk in 1 1 seconds. An
unparalleled feat.
The Houk is a generous tire saver, gives smoother
riding, absolute assurance of safety, and the appear
ance artistocratic to your car.
The Houk is a Time-Saver, a Life-Saver, a Money-Saver.
HOUK MANUFACTURING COMPANY
BUFFALO NEW YORK
PHILADELPHIA BRANCH 328 N. Broad Street
W. H. METCALF, Manager
'
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