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EVENING TvEDGER-PHILADELPniA, WEDNESDAY, JULY 12, 1916.
"Pli,1 "5NS,ifci4 ijjlm ' n?)f
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PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
i cVnts . ii cfnns. humour,
qiftrte il.JjUiiIAikon,1 Vfce President: John
c, Martin. Hcentsry Jtnd Treasurer t Philip S.
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a 1 i lit n it r r r i m . -. - ... .
, EDlTOMAL BOARD i
. Ctc H K. CcaTts, Chairman.
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rhlladtlphli, Wtdneidij, July 12, 1916.
NOTICE.
Readers may have the Evening Ledger
mailed to them to any out-of-town address
for any period of time. Address may be
changed as often as desired, but wtth each
change both the old and new addresses must
be given- Subscription rates are printed
above.
When religion does with virtue join.
It Makes a hero like an angel shine.
Walker.
Bupcrsubmarlncs are all right, but
what tho world needs is a supcrpactflst.
A shipping bill against ships is a
triumph of Democratic legislation.
Tho Mayor ia tho captain, ho says.
Tho Vares, no doubt, are tho major gen
orals. If Sherman were doing the defining
there would not bo much difference be
tween "war" and "weather." .
Berlin Newspapers I'raiso Feat of
nipe
lead
Deutschland. Headline.
She showed 'em a clean pair of
heels.
As a protectivo tariff tho Houso
revenue bill is the slickest method of
making tho few pay the taxes over in
vented. The Pennsylvania division of tho
National Guard at EI Paso Is officially
known as No. 7. Wo trust it is the lucky
seventh.
General Wood said something when
-ho declared that tho size of a flock of
sheep never yet frightened a wolf. Tho
more the merrier, says that animal, as ho
fleeces em right and left.
Senator Penrose was not appointed
to the Republican Campaign Commltteo.
It has been noticed before that the senior
Senator .Isiqulto capable of doing a great
deal) without appearing In the dazzling
light of publicity.
While Illinois and Massachusetts
telegraph wildly for tho Deutschland's
dye cargo, Philadelphia textile men remain
indifferent. Is it possible that there Is a
supply on hand and that tho announce
ment of return to butternut days wa3
premature?
As for the Zeppelin freighters, there
will be a scarcity of Jokes about them.
If Germany were to announce that she
had flattened out the worid or drawn
milk from the Milky Way there would
be few to disbelieve. About tho only
thing Germany cannot mike us believe
Is that she can defeat the French.
Tho Mayor wants a united party
behind him for the November elections.
The villain In the melodrama had tied
Nellie in front of a buzzsaw, thrown her
before a racing express train, tossed her
to the sharks in the middle of the South
Atlantic, murdered her parents, etc., etc.
But In the last act he asked: "Nellie, why
do you fear mo?"'
It would be almost as sensible not
to build any convention hall at all as to
build ono too smqll for large gatherings.
What Philadelphia wants Is a great as.
Eembllng place, fully capable of taking
cara of any sort of convention. To build
anything; else would be a blunder, and
the Mayor Is to be congratulated on his
determination to demand something really
worth while.
Today marks the. opening of a
waterway route between Philadelphia
and Cape May and Lewes, Del., the Drat
In twelve years. Welcoming It heartily,
Philadelphia may be impressed by tho
fact that the steamer Cape May and the
company which directs her are chiefly
owned by the municipalities at which the
.steamer will touch. It Is to bo hoped
that the Uno will be successful, not only
for the benefits It brings to commerce,
tut as an encouragement to municipal
enterprise.
It sema rom the 'report made by
tho Guaranty Trust Company and from
tho. reply of Mr. Norrls, of the Philadel
phia Reserve! Bank, that some banks do
not Uko the Federal Reserve act and
osn do. It would probably come out, on
Inquiry, that thosa who have prospered
fnvor the act and those who have not
f-rMpered quite as pouch aa they desired
!!ke it. This brings the matter down
ri to. ihe level of niere human opinions and
f mot Invalidate the good In tho act
tg Any appreciable extent. Criticism
tad suggestions for laiiro emant arssa
yreai deal mors Important than mere tie
aiawiiAJotts H in ant iuiias&y to bcl'fva that
ilut pMtta Of even a tMOuaaafa aupvr-
submarines would Invalidate the blockade
of German porta In Its legal aspects. A
blockade needs only to bo impartial and
effective, and both of theso requirements
are definitely meant for ships on the sei.
Even they admit the possibility of block,
ado runners, and at worst It would bo as
such that the British could classify tho
Deutschland. But a Zeppelin or a sub
marine docs not nullify a blockade any
moro than does n railroad train. What
thft effect of tho new trafllcker will bo
In Commerce Is not yet fully within the
Held of vision. Its effects on tho laws of
war, at least until this war Is over, must
be njl.
PHILADELPHIA MUST HAVE
CHEAPER GAS
THE price of pas Is too high. The
president of tho gas company says so
and ho ought to know. He does know
and so does everybody elso who has
Riven the subject any consideration.
Every few jeats, Under the stipulations
-U of the lease, the company charges a llttlo
less. But It does the consumer no good.
Tho municipal treasury drinks In tho
saving and the consumer knows no relief.
Tho company now sells ga3 for 80 cents
the thousand feet. The city ndds 20 cents
and tho consumer pays ono dollar. That
Is a tax of 25 per cent., n perfectly enor
mous levy on tho gas-Users of this terri
tory. It is eo Inexcusable that met ply
to state the caso Is to damn the condition
everlastingly.
But an even worso situation Is con
templated. On January 1, 1018, tho com
pany's prlco for gas will bo reduced to
75 cents. Unless there la a chnngo In tho
city's policy, tho prlco to the consumer
will remain at one dollar. The tax for
using gas will then bo lncrcasud from 25
per cent, to 33 1-3 per cent., which In ordi
nary circumstances would bo considered
prohibitive. It ought to bo considered
prohibitive by tho peoplu of Philadelphia.
Tho municipality, It Is truo, needs moro
Instead of less money. It sticks to tho
gas tax becauso tho gross revenue for
municipal expenses Is already too small.
But what- Is to prevent the substitution
of Just taxes for this unjust tax? Or
what is to prevent un agreement between
tho company and the city for a price con
cession on tho part of each? Under
such un arrangement there probably
would bo no loss of revenue to either,
Increased consumption moro than balanc
ing tho unit loss In price. Tho net reve
nue from 90-cent gas, wo venturo to
piophesy, would bo In a short time great
er than tho net revenue from ono dol
lar gas.
Wo do not know what tho United Gas
Improvement Company has to offer In
tho way of concessions, but Its chief ofll
cer has himself brought tho matter for
ward. Wo have two of the three parties
at Interest plainly In favor of reduction,
the people and tho company. Thcie ic
mains tho city, which Is blinded by tho
yearly Income It receives and looks
askance at any proposal for a change.
Wo suggest to the Mayor that ho take
this matter up, bound the company, get
its views, sense the state of public opinion
and begin sincere negotiations for tho
coi ruction of what 1b nothing more or
less than a fraud on tho people of this
community. There Is no work tho Mayor
can do which would bo more appreciated
by citizens, particularly those citizens
to whom the monthly gas bill is a mat
ter of very great Importance. Wo enter
tain llttlo doubt about the possibilities
of an understanding. Wo even dare as
sume that the operating enrnpanv can
And a way to accept less than 75 cents
tho thousand for its product after next
year, a possibility which offers a basis
for concessions worth while on the part
of tho city.
Nothing Is being gained by dropping
tho matter. It threatened for a few hours
to become a great public question. Tho
Mexican war scare sent it back Into re
tirement. It must couie out again. The
Mayor must force it out. We look to him
to initiate negotiations, certainly not
later than next fall, and we have llttlo
doubt that he will be able to win a
signal public triumph if he devotes him
self whole-heartedly to the undei taking.
Philadelphia has provided for the kind
of transit that a city of this size ought
to have. It has now reached the point
where it must have gas at modern cost.
Progress keeps step with its elements
and one great public achievement breeds
the demand for unothr. The splendid
victory of the city in the light for lower
electric rates Is an augury of the triumph
In store for a Mayor with the courage and
tho skill to tackle the gas problem in
the way it ought to bo tackled. The
peoplo are in no mood for endless pro
crastination in this matter.
DEFINITION IN MEXICO
MORE vague than usual, without the
corroboration of official reports, the
news from Mexico still has a definite ten
dency. It Is disquieting because it points
to a resumption, ip the most acute form,
of factional fighting. But it is not with
out compensations.
The definition In Mexico must be made
clear between those forces which are
foran established government, aided by
the United States, and those forces which
are for another period of robber-barons
and brigandage. It la to tho advantage
of the United States that Carranza should
find himself now In difllculties, because the
only way out of ihem la by grasping the
friendly and powerful arm which has
been extended 7from this side of the
boundary. Tliff follies and fallacies of
Carranza's diplomacy are coming home
to. him now. When he turned his face
against Pershing he Invited Villa's dag
ger to lodge In his back. The dagger
Is already pricking his skin, and Carranza
must not only turn quickly but cry for
help.
Complications there must be In Mexico,
and conflicting desirea in this country,
but the-sooner VJJla breaks into violent
attacks upon Carranza the better will this
nation seo Its way clear to help. Once
Carranza calls for our forces to help, the
entire situation la Mexico becomes mili
tary for a period, economic thereafter,
it would be, no doubt, a terrible humilia
tion for the First Chief. But" It would
decisively define both his position and
purs. The economic plans entertained by
the Administration for tho recovery of
Mitco"a sanity will be more effective
after the last suspicion of Carranza's
attitude is removed.
Tom Daly's Column
McAroni Ballads
LXIV
DA mtSIl TUNE
"Wccth muslo for flallan
f maka l-cra teal,
So, too, u-ccth tuncsa 'Mcrlcani
Hut, oh, 1 no can tal
Kef w'at X plaff for Irishman
Qon' ralsa Joy or hal."
So speak Otovan'i da flddlcr-man,
An' loud an' long he snore
Den tu'en he gat hecs breath agen
lie mak' complain aoW more'
"Las' aummcr-tlmc Ihctink ecu June,
Or mebbe so July
learn for play gdod Irish tunc
1'lom band dat passa by.
So quceck my car, so fine my art,
Sooch maestro here you sec,
I play so like 1 know by heart
Dat tunc so strange to me.
An' white dose marchers icccth do fcand
Arc rcstln' ccn da shade,
I play for dem, an' cet ccs grand
Da music dat 1 made.
'Xo Irishman could play more siicct
Dat Irish song,' dcy say;
Den som' tcan tal me name for cct.
An' so dcy march away.
"Sot te'en today, decs afttanoon,
I'm play for Icetla croud,
.lti,' 'Oecvc us now good Irish tuncl'
Som'body call out loud,
I look an' ccn da crowd I seen
llccg tnan wecth redda hair
In' oh hecs coat ccs badge of green-
Dat Sprceng-tlmc Irish wear.
Aha I so to my sal' I say
2'ow ccs my chance fur show
How swecta tune I've learn' to play
For San I'atrMol
'I play da "Boyna U'afcr" grand,'
I say. He say: 'You do,
An' I yon' bat your life, my fraud,
You weel no play cet through.'
My soul ccs ccn my vlotcvn,
So beautiful I play,
Hut w'en I'm only jus' baygcen
He tal me: 'Stop I say I'
I trv.aycn, more loud, but he
Wccll no geeve mca chance;
He maka btgga jomp at ma
An' keeck mc cen da pants!
He cci so crasy Irishman
An' I have no knife,
An' am so small Italian
niniia for my life!
"Wccth music for Italian
I maka vera wal,
So, too. icccth tuncsa 'Mcrlcan;
Hut, oh, I can no tal
Vet w'at I play for Irishman
don' ralsa Joy or hal."
WEST VnWTON-. Jtn .Inlv inMlrhnn1 T
nrndy. of the Oikley Country Club, and I'atrklt
J. Doyle, of the South Shoro riMd Club, liny
Hhore. I. I., who were tied for first honors In
the 711-hoIo modal play for the Massachusetts
open koU championship at thn Ilrno Hum Coun
try Club, plajed olT for the tltio this afternoon,
und llrady won News note. ,
A coupla Scotch-Irish at Scotch-Ireland's
national game.
JOHN, the night clerk of Dooncr's Hotel,
has had a quarter of a century's expe
rience with things that blow In out of
the night. lie seldom maken a mistake In
sizing them up. Yesterday morning at
about 7:30, when John was going off duty,
a ragged creature approached the desk.
"I need some carfare," ho began. "Noth
ing doing," said John, waving him away.
"Why? Can't ya' change five dollars?"
queried the stranger. "Five dollars?" said
John, somewhat bewildered Tho nun drew
from his pocket a roll big enough to choke
a horse that Is to say. a medium-sized
horse nnd peeled off a five-spot. John
managed to change It.
The only explanation that seems to fit
here Is tho possibility that John's eyes be
ing used to night work, like an owl's, are
not so sharp In broad daylight.
PERHAPS you'vo seen It on your news
stand. Across tho top runs a red-lined
blurb, "What Can a Fat Man Do?" And
right below is tho answer:
THE WORLD'S WORK.
W,
L.
Oh! You Mercury, John
For those who are Interested In such
things, Jlr. miss prepared last night a
table of statistics showing how the mercury
hopped around yesterday. Here It is:
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, 77
Morning Contemporary.
OUR lazy Village Poet had most of his
work done for him last Saturday.
Tho better half of it, as some may recall,
was signed "Alexnndor." This morning's
mail brings this plaint;
It may be Jane or Anne or Kate,
Or an appellation grander;
It may be yell or Florabellc,
HUT XEVEIl ALEXAS'DEIlt!!
Well. In candor, we're a gander thus
to hand her "Alexander," so we make
this lame amends; '
Wnciieuer it's a Saturday we hate to be
a sland'rer;
Xext time you've something bright to say
we'll sign It "Alexandra."
Sir May I ask if it Is true that the
theoretically most gullible tailoring firm in
this city is Green & Friendly, qf South 16th
street? JERRY.
A3K away! but who's going to answer
xi you? You might put it up to one of
the Solomons who are In the same line
(Victor on Queen lane or Israel on Har
old street), or If you prefer a Gentile,
there's James S, on 23d street.
Possibly named for Sheba
We take this from a poem In "Ireland,"
by Thomas H. Ronayne:
"We take that trench," our Colonel said,
'before the sun shall set v
Remember Bonnie Scotland, ad8, and the
laurels ue wilj get.
Let glory be the war cry, as of yore, of the
lilack-Watch,'
The pride of Caledonia, the heroes of the
Scotch.1"
We got the word then from our pits we
sprang with mighty bound
Three hundred yards away the trench; be
fore us open ground;
We heard a' rousfng German shout, and
strains of "Wacht am Rheln,"
As the brave Scotch sergeants took the
front and steadied our whole line.
There were Sergeant Major Kennesay, a
roan from Qalteemore;
Color-Sergeant Fennessy, a lad nigh six
feet four:
Brgeant Tom O'Leary, a son of Cork's own
town; ' t
Stalwart Mike McCleary, who hailed from
County Bonn;
Brawny Jack McDonnell, from the Sweet
Blackwater's side;
The giant Jim McConnell, ho grew by
Shannon's tide.
Gallant MUea O'Reilly, of Meath, near
Tara's Hall,
Anl stout heart Joe McCarthy, from XJntu-
ick shattered wall. V
" . - ' WfMk. '
" fc!."s "v Myrfl " 'ft Vs out .
- Mrv-ijP1 'r Ki '
j3BIlra y Hi1 A ll F
THE VOICE OP
A Discussion of the Causes of Prosperity Suggestion of a New
Transit Term A Reply to a '
Critic
77l Department ts free to alt rentiers whn
wish to express their opinion nn subject of
current Interest. It Is an oven forum, rtinf fir
,'i'cili!0 Lcdgir assume no rcsponslMflfi for
the tines of Its correspondents. .
CAUSES OF PROSPERITY
To the Editor of Evening Ijcttgrr:
Sir I have Just read your editorial In
last evening's issue, under the caption of
"Europe Reborn In tho Traall of War."
It sterns to me your views as set forth
therein nro misleading Tho prosperity of
the belligerent countries Is due, In my view,
to their bpending enormous sums of bor
rowed money The show of prospei Ity
will cease with the borrowing at the closo
of the war. Theio ast sums have been
principally raised by individuals belling
their part ownership of outside properties.
In tho shape of stocks and bonds, nnd
turning tho receipts thereof over to their
rebpcctlvo gocrnments for war bonds Take
England, for Instnnco, which some news
papers say has raised 512,000,000,000 since
tho war began, a sum which would build
18 Panama Canals at $250,000,000 each.
This vast sum will be an annual tax on the
annunl production of England of such vnut
proportions ns to raise prices to such a de
gree that her export trade will be para
lyzed and the greatly diminished buying
power of her peoplo will enormously reduco
domestic production. Great Britain Is pay
ing, or has paid, tho Interest on her first
two loans from subsequent ones. 'Not until
the war is oer will England formulate her
tax schedule to meet her financial budget.
Tho belligerent countries are spending colos
sal sums, hence all their people nre making
big money, and In England nnd Germany
reports have it that more money is on de
posit In their savings banks than before tho
war. The prosperity of the Individual who
cuts a "big swath" while his money lasts
Is built on a sandy foundation, nnd it ap
plies with equal force to a nation.
GEORGE W.KREER.
Wilmington, Del., July 8.
I
RECALLS PANAMA-PACIFIC TRIP
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir Just one year ago I, together with
your other Panama-Pacific guests, started
on what proved to bo 4ho best educational,
scenic and pleasure trip wo ever had.
CARE FOR SOLDIERS' FAMILIES
Provision for the dependent families of
National Guardsmen now drafted into the
Federal service ought to bo made by Con
gress without delay. The financial burdens
attendant upon our Mexican difllculties
should be distributed over the general pop
ulation, not conentrated upon a relatively
small class who happen also to be bearing
the personal sacrifices entailed by moblll
zatlon If we Intend in tho future to main
tain a real citizen army, manned by Indl.
viduals carrying the normal responsibilities
of life, we cannot afford to set a precedent
of disregard for families plunged Into pov
erty through drafting of breadwinners lno
the national service
In a time of infinitely greater crisis,
when no citizen ia Justified In counting his
own particular sacrifices, the European na
tions are making provision for the de
pendent families of soldiers at the front.
What excuse have we for repudiating our
less onerous obligation? Simply the fear
that If the treasury Is opened for a legiti
mate purpose it will be raided for .Illegiti
mate purposes. No doubt It would set a
dangerous precedent If Congress were to
lavish unnecessary 'subsidies upon soldiers'
families. But there is no reason why we
should proceed In such a stupid way. We
have In the Red Cross Society an organi
zation quite competent to ascertain the
actual needs of soldiers' families and to ad
minister wisely publlo funds appropriated
to such needs. The New Republic.
DYE MULES LEST THEY DIE
Because a white jnula offers too good
a target for Mexican snipers, two mutea
In the lot received by the 1st Cavalry
at Van Cortlandt Park have been dyed a
nice shade of dark brown preparatory to
being shipped to the border. The scheme
was originated by Lieutenant George T.
Goubeaud, regimental veterinary, and un
der his direction the animals were given
two coats of potassium permanganate,
which completely changed their appear,
ance. The chemical. Lieutenant Ooubeaud
said, Is absolutely harmless and is used
by persons, sometimes, to dye gray hair
The mules will not have to be redyed. he
added- for about three months. Lieutenant
Goubeaud explained that tbe practice of
dyeing the animals is resorted to -very t-et-drn.
but that in this case the mules were
IF DREAMS GOME TRUE
THE PEOPLE
Wo desire to place ourselves on record
that the "Ledger only affords the best."
Thanking you for tho ycry excellent accom
modations and hospitality shown us, I nm.
In behalf of tho mobt famous 50, very truly
yours.' Ji R. SIcCORKLE.
Philadelphia, July in.
APPROVAL OF A "VOICE"
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir I must, without any further delay,
give credit to tho voicji who signs his name
"Abe Meyers." For I, and surely everybody,
will agree with him on the point of defend
ing tho tipping syrtem. As n fact, I know
that by tipping I get better service and by
nontlpplng I get tho "black looks," as ono
would call it. As I had tho experience of
both tipping, and of nontlpplng, I will say
once and for all that I will always favor
and agree with that one who agrees with
"Abo Meyers."
BENJAMIN LONDON.
Philadelphia, July 10.
A TRANSIT NAME .
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir Answering your question, let me sug
gest that the new transit system be termed
tho "U " This Is significant in Itself nnd
Just ns brlot as "L" The phrase. "Let'H
take tho V" sounds pretty good, doesn't It?
even if reference Is not made to a pros
pective trip In a U-boat for an undersea
routo to Germany. J. C. B.
Philadelphia. July 10.
REPLY TO A CRITIC
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir Tho gentleman who criticises you
under the heading, "Barking Up the Wrong
Tree," Is very appropriately named "Bray "
He Is evidently suffering from tho same dls.
order which seems to affect pedple with only
one idea.
Time and experience may work a cure,
but no amount of words, written or spoken,
has any effect It Is an old trouble and
hometlmes leads to serious consequences.
Perfect quiet in the country might help.
JOHN J. FLEMING.
Philadelphia, July 10.
particularly big and strops and too good
to be "passed up'-by the 1st Cavalry out
fit. Brooklyn Eagle.
PROHIBITION THAT PROHIBITS
There seems to be a determined effort on
the part of the authorities In Savannah.
Ga , to enforce the new prohibition 'law In"
a manner that will leave no room for criti
cism. A recent violator of the law spA
fined 9750 and costs, or the alternative of
spending 12 months as a member of the
chain gang In the codnty Jail. Unusually
heavy fines have been given by the Judges.
-Hartford Courant.
HARRISON'S AMERICANISM
It will be my purpose to show you the
beauty, strength and adaptation of the
Constitution of the United States, and
thereby to make your love of our institu
tions deeper and more Intelligent. I will
not ask you to love everything that is
American; but I will ask jou to shun the
example of those vvho love anything for.no
better reason than that it is not American.
Benjamin Harrison.
' DEAD MAN'S HILL
Who was the first to give the name.
Ill-omened. 'to this mountain side?
On some dark winter's night he came.
What dreams were his before he died?
What figures, awful, blood-Imbrued,
Heroic, to his falling eyes,
Peopled this peaceful solitude?
lie, caw them and he heard their cries.
The mist rose like a winding Bbcet,
As the shadows in a shadow dance
They moved. He heard the marching feet,
The bong of songs, the name' of France,
And as he lay and prayed for light
There echoed where the -river runs
Through pasture-lands, .the. wfcole long night.
The Iron clamor of the guja.
It may be when day broke at last
He watched the.Angal Death draw near
Among those others as they passed
Not one man, but an army here.
-"Ravaged earth and shattered trees.
LAnd tragic river stained -with red.
tar God, have mercy on all tbt.
Who follow after me!" he sali
Jtoray uauon, in Lonaon spectator. -
What Do You Know?
Queries of general Interest u-lll 6 answered
(n this column. Ten questions, the answers to
uJilch e.er'J ucll-lnonned person should know,
are asked dally.
QUIZ
1. AVImt are the chief ne of nltrntei?
S. Where It the new Contention Ilnll to tnnd
In thin rltt?
3. Whnt nre "moonshiners"?
4. .Iimt whnt purt of u window's equipment Is
rnlted the sonIi?
B. Mlmt Is "proof spirit" nnd what l meant
by "oier proof" and under proof"?
0. What It a "prima fuele" cuoe?
7. Mlint Is meant by "mnklnB n fleet"?
B. Who wuh the "Iron IJnKe"?
0, Has the Knl-er eer llnlted Trance?
10, Mlmt Is meant by "John llarlejcorn"?
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1. Paul Kyenle, cnnHl of the submarine mer
chantman Ileiithrh'.inil.
2. The Deutschland IrMelert 3800 miles.
3. Tho Uonnl of Viewers nssesses ilamnces or
henellts occasioned to prhnte property by
public Improiements.
4. Street llshllne by electricity was Introduced
In rhiiadelphla In IBM.
5. Tennessee l the "UlK Mend State."
0. Illoclr Bear Is determined In nuiltlpUIng
dlmneter of wheel In Inches by the number
of teeth In front sprocket wheel and dltlil
Ink Ii the number In rear sprocket wheel.
7. "High ten" Is nn Kncllsh term for a meal
substituted for dinner, eonslstlns of tea
mid. ns a rule, cold dishes.
8. "IneoB." Abbreviation for "IncoBnltD." un
der un assumed nume or title.
0. Lieutenant Ilcrge Is the (le.rniun officer who
liroiiEht the Apimnl to this country.
10. Lodestar! the lencllnit-stnr by which mar
iners are culdrdi the ole-ta,r.
High Treason
"Editor of "What Do You Know" Can
you tell me why the term "high treason" Is
used In England? Why not plain treason?
F. D. C.
Because at one time there were two kinds
of trenson high and low. Certain type3 of
murders were considered more horrible and
reprehensible than others. For Instance,
If a man killed his wife or a wife her hus
band; If a master was murdered by his serv
ant, or a prelate by ono of his subordinates,
the crime was looked upon as being par
ticularly outrageous because of the specially
Intimate relations between slayer and slain,
nnd was called "petit treason." But If a
man killed or tried to kill the head, not of a
family; but of the State the "pater pa
triae" he wab guilty of "high treason."
Transylvania
Bdffor, of "What -Do You Know" Please
explain the origin of" the namlngf "Tran
nylvanla." I. T R.
Transylvania was so baptized by scholar
,ly Hungarian who would have to crossfa
great woody mountain range before reach
ing It. "Trans" Is th? Latin for "across"
and "sylva" for "woods."
Farewell Addresses
EdUor of 'Wl-at Do You Know" Will
you tell me whether there would be any
precedent for President Wilson's delivering
a farewell address next March? J. mean,
has 'any President done sp except Presi
dent Washington? I have also heard that
even Washington's was not his own. Is
that true? - II, K. L.
Without venturing Into the field of pro
phecy, It would be hard to answer your
first question. However, If President Wil
son is not called upon to make another In
augural address, he would, violate no prec
edent by making a farewell address, for
on March 3, 1837, Andrew Jackson graced
the lapt day of hs presidential life by do
lne Just that. Washington's celebrated
-Farewell was Issued In September, 1JS8, In
anticipation ot ms retirement me follow
ing March. A for the composition, Hamil
ton aided Washington a great deal and
parts of the address were taken from-a
draft for a similar address prepared by
Madison at the President's request four
years earlier, when the President expected
ta retire.
Land Tracts
P. R. The Information you ask for is
pot at hand for Immediate use. Write to
the Department of the Interior, Washing
ton, for full details.
Immigration
Editor of "IVftqt Do you Know" Will
you please furnish me with the figures of
total immigration to the United, states In
1912, 1913 and 19U? Would It be troubling
you too much to ask for the figures from
Austria-Hungary In 1913 and 1911?
J B. M
In the year 1913 the total Immigration
figures were 838.173, In 1313. 1.197,892, and
in 1914, l.ilMSQ. In 1913, 251.826 Auv
tro-Hunfarlans entered the United States, I
in mil, lne Buiswr measeu $a iis.isi.
BOYNE DAY SEES
HOPE FOR IRISH
Home Rule Measure to Come
Before Parliament Next Week
May Lead to Permanent
Settlement
rpODAYi Iloyhe Day signal In tho past
X for a renewal of ancient bitterness be
tween Unionists nnd Nationalists should
'be memorable In tho annals of Ireland aa
synchronous with an ofllclal nnnounce-l
ment which gives hope of the first tangl-
ble step toward disentangling tho Gov-!
ornments of Great Britain and Ireland
since home rule became a big parlia
mentary Issue forty years ago. Only two J
days ago Premier Asqulth announced!
that next week tho bill for a home ruloj
plan, to remain In forco durlnir thn war?
ahd for ono year thereafter, would bo
iniroauccu in tno uommons. Tlio Dill ex
cludes the six of tho nine counties of
Ulster In which the Protestant Unionists ,
greatly exceed In number tho Catholioj
Nationalists; theso six counties will not
be ruled by thojDublln Parlinmont.
Tho now Parliament will bo constituted
by transferring the 78 members repre
senting tho Irish homo rule counties In
tho British Commons to Dublin. Tho
total Irish representation Is 103, of whom ,
25 sit for tho six excluded Ulster coun
ties, Uut the 78 will retain their mem
bership in tho Imperial Parliament at
Westminster (a, typical British anomaly),
as tho Irish Parliament will not havo
much work to do at first. Considerable
representation of tho Unionist Interests,
In tho south and west of Ireland will bo
provided through tho nomination of their;
representatives to tho Irish Senate. A
year nftcr the war is over this arrango-
mont will come before tho Great Im
perial Conference which will adjust the
government of the British Empire.
It Is not likely, nftcr tho entering I
wedgo of a scphrnto Parliament has been
driven homo, that thero will bo any with
drawn! of authority over purely Irish I
affairs from tho Irish legislators. Yot
nothing Is certain in this most ticklish
of British problems, and thousands of
Irishmen In this country as well as at
homo will find no satisfaction In tho tem
porary arrangement, and the permanent
homo rulo plan to bo devised by tho
conference will probably bo only a signal
for another agltntlon for an entirely In
dependent Irish republic.
Fncing a World of Critics
In this agitation England will net
under the cyo of America In n way that
sho hns never experienced before. Even
more significant than tho criticism that
has been aimed at Germany Is tho World
wide criticism of England, for denuncia
tions of Germany havo boon mostly for
specific nets of Individuals, whllo the
swelling chorus of complaint against
England, In which even many who wish
her to win havo voice, strikes at tho very
fabric of her governmental and social
system. If this war Is being fought to
determlno whether tho British or tho
Prussian civilization Is to survive; j
v. bother this Is to bo an "Anglo-Saxon I
world" or a "Prussian world," America, '
which evidently desires it to bo tho for
mer, will make her influence felt, ns tho
most populous English-speaking nation,
for the extension to Ireland of an au
tonomy that England Is professedly
fighting to give to Belgium that is, for
a realization of that "Anglo-Saxon world"
of which tho virtually autonomous gov
ernments of Cnnnda, Australia, South
Africa and New Zealand aro only a be
ginning In tho right direction.
The Legislation of 1014
If Ireland Is added to theso self-governing
democracies it will bo only through
humility and self-criticism learned by
England through tho prlco she must pay
for victory In war. For thero was no sign
of theso virtues up to the moment that
tho Great War postponed nn Irish crisis
that was heading toward civil war. Few
persons recall now that English troops
flrcd on n crowd of Nationalists in Dub
lin, killing four persons and wounding
60, on July 26, only two days before the'
wnr broke out. This event, occurring
at a time when Ireland was an armed
camp, with nearly 100,000 Orangemen
under arms In Ulster and many thou
sands of Nationalists forming volunteer
regiments and receiving arms from gun
runners, never has received attention pro
portionate ta Its Importance, as the Euro
pean conflict wiped it out of tho "news"
by calling the possible participants in a
civil war to the battlefields of France,
It Is worth while reviewing tho events
which made the Boyne Day of 1014 a
day to be dreaded. When thoBrltish Par
liament met in February, 1914, to take
up the Irish question Walter Long chal
lenged the Premier to submit hojne fule
to a vote of the country. He said 100,000
men were ready to die in Ulster rather
than submit to a Dublin Parliament. As
qulth replied that the home rule bill had t
been twice passed and would automati
cally become law that year on its thirds
passage.
There followed the agitation of Sir Ed- '
ward Carson, which stirred up Ulster to
the point of open rebellion. Asqulth
feared to pres the bill to an issue. He.
offered compromise after compromise. He
suggested that the various counties In
Ulster hold .referendums on the question,
whether they should be Included in the
Irish Government. This Ulster rejected.
Meanwhile many British officers resigned
their commissions rather than fight
against Unionists in Ulster, Matters ap
proached a crisis in that July which saw
the first shots fired on the Danube. King;
I, George at last took a. hand an amazing;
breach of precedent. He called a round
table conference at Buckingham Palace
and delivered to the opposing leaders an
address which was openly criticised in
tho press, 'The cry of civil war Is on
the lips of tho most responsible and
sqber-inlnded of my people," he said, and"
the Liberal press complained that the
King's phrasing made it seem as if he
were voicing, a Unionist party cry and
taking bides.
After England was at war home rale
came up- In Parliament and was settled
In the usual British manner by a com
promise that was no compromise at all,
T4ie home rule bill was passed and in
September was signed, but It was not
to gt Into force until after the war waa
over! In this state home rule remained
until the rebellion of this year and the
hasty legislation la which that .rebellion
.is now to result. H. S. W,
I
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