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EVENING LEDGER PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, JULY 11, 1916.
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PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
OthUH H. K. CfchTIB, Pbbsimsi
Charles II LnJInitten,, Vice rrealdent, John
C. Martin, Secretary and Trtasureri Philip B.
Collins. John 13 William. Directors
EDITORTAIj feOAnDt "
Crura If. J. CmTi. f?iiliirt
P. It.
WHA LEY Edlto?
John' C
MARTIN. .General Business Manager
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Philadelphia. TuflJiy, July 11, 1916.
XOTICV. '
Readers may have the Evenlnn Leilacr
malted to them to tuij otit-o-(oion addrcai
for mil period of time. Address may be
changed ti often us desired, but with each
r change both the old and neto addresses must
be given. Subscription rates arc printed
above!.
Tha joys of meeting pay the pang of
i absences
Else who could bear it? Rowa.
Tho protective tariff on dyes can't
go Into effect any too soon If this super
submarine escapade of Germany's settles
Into a habit.
It Is not the heat that takes tho
"pep" out of a man It's not being able
to get nway from It to tho spots "where
tho heat ain't."
Tho Mount Gretna camp has "set
back" tho Government some $2,500,000.
Tho encampment has correspondingly
set forward a patriotic and loyal spirit
which makes tho expenditure worth
while.
These nro dnys of Incalculable things.
Woodrow Wilson.
And Inconceivable things, and In
excusable things, nnd uncxplatnable
things, and, perhaps. Intolerable things.
Tho question of 80-cent gas seems
to have been dropped as If It were a hot
poker. But this city is going to have
cheaper gas Just the samtv and It Is not
going to wait until the expiration of tho
present lease to get It.
At daylight yesterday morning the
Evenino Lcnonn photographer had his
camera focused on tho Deutschland, and
somo of the pictures were in tho post
script edition. There wns a full back
page of them In tho succeeding editions.
The public today expects not only to bo
told what Is happening, but also to bo
shown.
In his Detroit speech the President
Bald: "If we can get what somo gentle
men are so loath to give us a merchant
marine, etc." What gentlemen nto loath
to give Is a Government-owned marine,
to cost millions of dollars, when there are
plenty of investors ready to build ships
If tho Government will permit their
operation under reasonable conditions.
The Government having killed the gooso
won't let the egg hatch unless it is tho
Incubator.
Running a few cargoes through a
blockade and breaking a blockade are
different things, as Captain- Koenlg will
discover In due time. But tho venture Is
none the less an amazing example of the
resourcefulness of man. Blockade-running
heretofore has never had to be for
euch tremendous distances. Tho Con
federates had British ports conveniently
at hand. -The Germans must travel thou.
Bands of miles to reach a profitable and
a neutral port.
The descendants of Gideon Howland,
great-uncle of Hetty Green, are entitled,
by the terms of an old bequest, to share
In Jl.500,000, "Old Gideon." as Colonel
Green calls him, died In 1832, and today
there are 17,000 descendants to partake
of the melon, Tho moral of the multi
plication Is not to be found In this family.
Unfortunately, It Is not the sane and
hearty alone who are fruitful, The bib
Ileal Injunction la followed out with a
terrible and inexorable logic by the un
healthy, the feeble-minded, the criminal
end the insane. Only In recent years baa
society understood its danger and made
efforts to prevent the breeding of dan
gerous citizens. The efforts are stlH spas
modic. They should be as continuous as
and more determined than the efforts
gainst depopullzation by small families.
Kor the latter Is a danger which humanity
can be trusted to conquer on ita own.
The. former Is a positive menace.
Nothing short of the capture, of
Perpnne could have elated supporters of
the Entente yesterday, but fortresses
held by Germans on tha western front
are. exceedingly coy. Tho Entente ad
vance has been pushed bo slowly as to
b maddening' even to some of the troopa
nguged, arid the untested freah English
troops hav occasionally swept ahead,
only tq ba surrounded and slain or cap
ture; But If slow, the advance has cer
tainly ben methodical and unflagging,
JHt official German bulletins admit- It
rts. had. la support the direct offensive,
wraral smaller movements destined to
fcj th German high command on the
attl viv at vry potnt of the line, to
prvat sblftlMg of troops toward Pieardy.
Motmw, tin English line has been
panftefl gradually forward so that the
antf at tta uatut with, tieneral Foch.
i aa smmP mmtmuxig sharp, Jt f
trail U:jit tun fit thts opera tips has
fc spedjaowitx ataet f tfia tw south
ipfT- Mm 3 tn Kutt f neithst tit I
latter strikes so directly nt Gorman men
arid German methods of warfare. Retire
mont on either front would work Incal
culable Injury to Germany, but defeat In
the west would be paralysing.
WHAT'S WHAT IN THE CRISIS
TIEUB ts n conspiracy for tho per
petuation of lllustonmcnt under way
In Washington. The bald, stripped evi
dence of it li the pending revenue bill.
Democrats may tell tho people that
existing prosperity Is only In part duo
to the war and will continue Under the
Underwood bill after tho war, but Demo
crats do not believe any such fallacy as
that. They know In what this war had
Its origin; they know that the power and
glory nnd tho might of nntlons In this
era nro In Its merchant ships, that trade
Is the grand prize In the lottery of effort,
and they know that tho returning legions,
urged on by tho vast debt which has been
plastered to their necks, will throw Into
their trade campaigns all of tho bril
liancy. Initiative, skill and eftlclency to
which they have become accustomed on
tiio battlefield. They know that this Is
tho land of the Golden Fleece, with milk
and honey blessed, nnd they know that
toward this rich field tho eyes of all
Europe will bo turned.
These things tho Dcmociats know. Thev
fear the future. So, while they continue
to shout the glory of Democratic princi
ples from the housetops. In the hulls of
Congtoss they Initiate nnd sanction a tar
iff provision along protective lines, seek
ing In practice to ncltlovo by Republican
methods the thing they realize they could
never get under Democratic theory.
It Is a good thing that these men nro
not so blind ns to Ignore the handwriting
on the wall. It In n good thing that they
aio willing to give tho country any pro
tection at all. But In the name of all tho
patriots why keep In power a party that
taken a piotectlvc tariff as a boy does
quinine, yelling nt the same time that
there Is nothing tho matter? A Demo
crat cannot write a protective tariff any
better tlintt a Republican can write a free
trade tariff, nnd that Is something no
Republican has ever tried to do.
L.ong slnco the theory of n tnrlff for
revenue onlv has been abandoned. True,
tho renunciation has been subtle, but It
has been real Just the same. We had
reached a point where a tailff capable
of producing sulllclent revenue could not
be anything but a protectlvo tnrlff. Inci
dentally protective, It is true, but thor
oughly protective. In this dilemma, tho
Democracy simply foisted on tho country
the Income tax, which It Is preparing to
double. It chanjred tho proportions and
reduced the percentage of tho whole reve
nue the tariff was assumed to furnish. A
tariff for revenue only would In fact today
bo a very her.vy protectlvo tariff, if It
furnished tho proportion of tho whole
revenue which Import duties usually did
furnish until this Democratic dispensation
enmo Into being.
The Allies have concluded among them
selves a trade agreement. New economic
frontiers and outposts are being placed.
Tho piotoctlon of trade Is no longer a
debatable question. It has been lifted
by fact out of the arena of controversy.
Tho protection which England has for
years enjoyed through her control of
ocean freight rates Is added to and In
creased by this supplementary ngrcemenl
nmong tho Allies. There Is for us a
ceaseless summons to make ready, n
standing challenge to make good. The
nation Is confronted with a crisis In Its
economic history, and economic warn are
quite as disastrous and ruinous as mili
tary wars.
To retain In power Democrats whose
spirit is not for protection, men who will
have it at all only because they must
have It, would be to trifle with the pros
perity of the country and fllit with the
soup houses. The American public's
mouth does not water for that kind of
food. Tho people may bo hesitant about
military prepauedne&s, but they are never
hesitant In economic preparedness on a
ast &cale. Nor are they easily fooled, de
.spite the evident belief of tho Administra
tion that a lamb In a lion's skin Is the
samo thing as a Hon.
Mr. Hughes has tho great privilege and
duty of arousing the nation to a sense
of tho danger which menaces. He will
do bo, we believe, aa effectively as Mr.
McKlnley did In 1396, for the situation Is
scarcely leas perilous than it then was.
It is, In fact, moro perilous because the
effort to repudiate American enterprise
and industrial stability is not so apparent
and war prosperity has dulled the per
ceptions of thousands of citizens who or
dinarily have no dllllculty in knowing the
right road.
DEFENSIVE PACIFISM
b ci
EXTRAORDINARY has been the
change in public sentiment within
the last twelve months that today when
a desire for peace is mentioned it must
be with Immediate reservations, apolo
gies and defenses. Tho country has been
given, among others, the two obvious
truths that peace is desirable and that
preparedness for war Is desirable. And
by some perversity of logic not easy for
ordinary minds to fathom, the two things
which seem, to the ordinary Intellect,
only two sides on one thing have been
actually opposed to each other.
Nothing could illustrate this better
than the President's speech at Detroit
yesterday. Still speaking of the wrong-
nes3 of an aggressive war, the President
was not so firm In his implications con
cernlng the Tightness of an honorable
peace. As for the prospect of saying
the word "peace" without honorable ad
jectives, that seems gone forever. For
tunately the necessities of politics play
a very little part in the mental processes
of the average individual. He knows,
vaguely, until the crisis comes, that ho
desires peace and that he is willing to
tolerate Just so much or so little beforo
he will forsake the ways of peace and take
his chance on the madness of wife-.
Presumably the loose thinking which
has made peace a political Issue will con
tinue for some time. Every utterance of
Mr- Hughes will be suspect, every word
of the President subject to the clos.est
scrutiny. It will be considered shameful
if either confesses a horror of war and
worse than terrible If either admits the
necessity for war There will ba no way
out until a President is elected, actually
on an, i&uie with which peace and war, as
abstract things, have, little to do. In No.
-embr Then we shall probably forget
iUS 4h whole business, If wo are
ows4 tgl org e t bs ear -felfijBr-sattm.
Tom Daly's Column
THE DEVT80IILAXD
Out of the slicnecs
Noise o a name
Quick and 30 simple ts
That tee call Varna.
Swift as the mild surprise
Born In half-hccdlcss eyes
Heading the story,
On the world's margins rise
Gtcama of the Olorv.
Venus, at birth, aros.c
tlrlght from the sea.
Whence t The world onlv knoics
Lovely was she.
Bo this a jest it most,
Or a xitld braggart's boait
Xorth Sea took under,
On the Vliglnlan coast
Itosc a world's uondcrl
Hub .ftapttau .tt5n!(i fctfltc:
3fi) Ijnllc lttiforc 8icifc ftlr crcifluifilofl."
Utc9todjtl
And, as wo paid In our commencement
address many years ngo:
Untcr den vlelen pestbculen welche hcute
zu tago die Gesellscbaft ptngen kommt
dns t'ebel dor (censored) erst In dor rollo.
Es 1st clu (censored) dcr dlo (censored)
iiaemllchc (censored) nnfrlsst. Taegllch
seoht man uebcr all (censored) die scliaed
lichen fusstnpfen dieses (censored) uebels.
BROWSING over a tableful of old books
outside an old bookshop tho other day
wo came upon a battered copy of James
Whltcomb Riley. Idly turning tho pages
wo reached "Tho Old Swlmmlu' Hole."
Tho page was soiled and had tho look,
also, of having onco been drenched with
water. It awoko n memory. We looked
at tho flyleaf, hnlf expecting to And thero
the nnmo "E. J. Houston," or nt len3t tho
Initials of that gentleman, who wns for
many years, until his death recently, ono
of tho most popular members of tho fac
ulty of the Ccntrnl High School, He was
fond of boys and usually they behaved
for him. There wns ono exception of
which wo were a witness, nnd It was this
that made us half believe tho old book
was his. At the opening of tho public
bathhouse at 23d and Jefferson streets
In August, 1895, while moro than a hun
dred boys were waiting for the signal to
plunge In, Piofessor Houston undertook
to read to them "Tho Old Swlmmln'
Hole." Ho got through about six lines
when Splnshl Splash! Splash!! the crowd
was In. We can see him yet dazedly
wiping the drenched book with his hand
kerchief. Dear, dear, how time flies!
TAC.ITWX.
Vacation comes but once a year.
And faster goes than comes;
Of days as few as sonnet's lines.
Of weeks, as mortal's thumbs.
O. E.
SJ
XT jit AC A:
",.i,,
EJiMIJlA.,
6r2s
$mmwrtm
aWf'jailli
Here's a sign from old York State.
Jlully Jumpln' Jingo!
If you would accelerate,
Here's the place you kin go.
E. V. W.
. P. S. You rami see the road to appreciate
tha humor, aa It la ery hilly nnd winds lllio n.
snake.
Old Folks' Department
ARE your teeth and hair calling out? Are
. the newspapers beginning to mention
your "unimpaired mental faculties" and
the fact that you "can read the finest print
without the aid of spectacles"? Ah! let us
prescribe a rejuvenator for you Victor rec
ord No. 35,177. On one side you will find
"Good-by, Dolly Gray," "After the Ball,"
"Sweet Marie," "Where Did You Get That
Hat?" "Say 'Au Revolr' But Not 'Good-by',"
"Daisy Bell." "A Hot Time In the Old
Town." and on the other 'The Sunshine of
Paradlso Alley," "Two Little Girls In
niue," "She Was Bred In Old Kentucky,"
"Comrades," "Tho Picture That Was
Turned Toward the Wall," "Little Annie
Rooney," "Johnny, Get Your Gun."
Genesis
(From the Diary of Samuel I'epys )
MARCH H, 1661 Home to dinner. In
the afternoon come tho German, Doc
tor Knufller. to discourse with us
about his engine to blow up chips. We
doubted not the matter of fact, it being
tried In Cromwell's time, but the safety of
carrying them in ships; but he do tell us
that when he comes to tell the king his
secret (for none but the kings, successively,
and their heirs, must know of It) It will
appear to be of no danger at all. We con
eluded nothing; but shall discourse with the
Duke of York tomorrow about It.
TO A LOVED SlNOEIt
The linger sings In chains
Till some one hears:
Beneath the lark that rains
His silver spheres
Of music from the plains
Above the sun,
Must be a heart that drains
The singing one.
Not for yourself you sing,
Kor for one heatt
, viho was listening,
Had this one part:
I bore the lyrio thing
To one athlrst,
Who freed again its wing,
But soothed It Jrf,
SAM M'COY.
TWO several cards have we received,
in as many days, from Margaret De
land, notifying us that she hasn't received
our dollar for "the American Authors'
Fund for the Relief of Wounded Soldiers
of the Allied Nations." We sent It when
we were first asked, several weeks 8go;
but we're sending another Which mqkes
dearer to us, Margaret, the meaning of
that old saying, "Ho gives twice who
gives quickly" or, as us authors Uk
ti put it, "bis dat qui citg dat
frlMlMiElL nnii3Hnr?4
SS!' ill
PREPAREDNESS BY PROTECTION
A Tax on Imported Nitrates Is Better Than Government Manu
facture for Developing Home Production.
Need of a Tariff
NITRATES aro admitted to tho United
States free of duty. Moro than half
a million tons are brought In every year
from Chill. Theso nitrates nro used chiefly
as fertilizer. They are so cheap that Jt has
not been possible to mnnufneturo nlttatea
In tho United States to competo with
them. But thero nro manufacturing pro
cesses used successfully In Europe. Be
fore the war began 327,000 tons were
nnnually produced. Slnco tho wnr started
Norway's annual production has in
creased from 80.000 tons to 200,000, and
Germany's production from 57,000 tons to
000,000. The war has consumed this In
crease In the manufacture of explosives.
It has not been necessury to consider tho
cost, for Germany hnd to have the stuff.
It Is probable, however, that under the
stress of circumstances the Gorman chem
ists havo Improved the processes of man
ufacture and have mado great reductions
In tho cost of production.
The United Spates has discovered that
it is dependent on imported nitrates not
only for fertilizers, but for explosives
The Democratic Congress has turned ita
back on the most natural way to en
courage American Inventors and Ameri
can capitalists, to make tho country Inde
pendent of the rest of tho world, nnd hns
adopted a plan which would lead tho
fathers of tho Democracy to turn in their
graves If they could bo Informed of the
apostasy of their successors.
$20,000,000 Worth of Discouragement
The plan Is Government manufacture.
The army reorganization law appropriates
J20.000.000 for the establishment of ni
trate plants. Although tho President Is
authorized to make an investigation Into
various processes of production, the un
derstanding is that ho will authorize the
extraction of nitrogen from the atmo
sphere by tho electrical process used in
Norway. He has authority to take any
water power site In the country, whether
on public or private land, nnd erect there
the necessary dams for developing elec
trical power and to build the necessary
mills for converting the nitrogen in the
nlr Into an article of commerce. Such
of the product as Is needed is to be
used in the manufacture of explosives, the
remainder is to be sold for use as fer
tilizer or for any other purpose which
the purchaser may have for it.
No better way to discourage American
enterprise could have been found. If the
men who have been experimenting with
various processes for the extraction of
nitrogen from the air or from coal or
from peat are to be confronted by Gov
ernment competition, backed by an ap
proprlatlon, of 120,000,000, they will aban
don their efforts. It Is impossible to
buck up against Uncle Sam, who does not
UNCONQUEKED BELGIUM
A little strip of Belgium has not yet felt
the leader's heel. It borders on the North
Sea, about beven miles, and Is bounded by
France on the west and south. On the
east runs the line of trenches, about 23
miles, the noted points of which are Dlx
mude and Ypres. It Is nowhere moro than
10 miles wide, and eery point of It can
be reached by the German great guns. In
fact, they have thrown shells clear across
It Into the French port of Dunkirk. In
ihls fragment of land, as yet free, are con
centrated about 600,000 women and chil
dren, drhen from their homes by the
stress of war For their shelter 60 estab
llshmenU have been built hospitals, orphan
ages, schools and relief centres for the
distribution of food and clothing They
are simply wooden structures, not muctj
more complicated tban our tobacco barns.
The organization wiuca supports tnern. ma
e- viw ueige consist of Keigum uu
E&gfisn and American Quakers, ai:i
" 'OW DID 'E DO IT!"
caro whether he makes a pioflt or not.
Tho proper way to develop tho manu
facture of nitrates Is that which has been
followed by tho Republicans for fifty
years In developing other Industries.
Thero Is no greater Inccntlvo to enter
prise than a protective tariff. Tho tariff
has changed America from nn agricultur
al community Into ono of tho greatest
manufacturing nations of tho world. A
duty on nitrates would stimulate enter
prise, nnd be followed by the establish
ment of plans for extracting nitrogen
either from tho air or from the coal,
whoiever thero was power which could
bo used for the necessary pioccsses.
Gt eater progress would bo mado under
the Incentive of profit held out by tho
protectlvo duty than can possibly be
mado by the Government plant. Thero
will bo no market for tho Government
surplus so long as Chilian nitrates can
be sold at their present prices and so
long as the present cost of pioductlon
is so great. But It Is morally certain
that long before the country had been
taxed to tho extent of 120,000,000, which
Is to bo spent on tho Government plans,
we should bo' nblo to make nitrates that
would sell abroad In competition with
those from Chill, that Is, If we had any
surplus to Bell to other nations.
Good Motives, Dut Bad Judgment
Tho primary purpose of the Adminis
tration plan for Government manufac
ture is military. It wishes to be inde
pendent of a foreign supply of nitrates
In case of war. The appropriation Is part
of the program of preparedness. The pur
pose is worthy. It Is admitted that we
should bo prepared to manufacture nil
tho munitions of war that may be needed
In the worst extremity. But when the
nation as a whole believes in the pro
tective policy, it is a mistake to Jgnore
It aifd turn to the great evil of Govern
ment competition with private enterprise
and thereby discourage those who already
And It Impossible to meet the foreign
competition of natural nitrates.
The United States is In pressing need
of more fertilizers. If has been esti
mated that if American farmers used
as much fertilizer to the acre as the
German farmers thero would be a net
gain of $1,000,000,000 a year in the value
of their crops above the cost of the
fertilizers used. Nitrate compounds pro
duced from the air can be made at pres
ent for J33 a ton. With proper protec
tion against competition the cost of pro
duction would soon be cut down, and there
would follow such an Increase In the food
supply that the high cost of living would
be reduced and tho whole nutlon would
be benefited. And alt this benefit would
come from the Insertion of a dozen words
In the tariff law. G, "W, D.
nearly all the funds are contributed by
England and Philadelphia.
This little tract, defended by Belgians
and Englishmen, Is all that Is left of a
prosperous nation whose sole offense was
self-defense. It Is easy to see that, if Bel
glum ever is Independent again, this cor
ner of inviolate ground will be regarded
with pride and veneration as the one place
that was never conquered.
it will rank with Thermopylae, Valley
Forge and all the other places where a
great defense was put up and human en
durance tested, to the utmost. It will also
be known as one of the places where it
was, shown that Christian charity is still
a grat moving force in the world. Hart,
ford Times.
WORTH A FEW VOTES
Mr Wilson might pick up a few voles
by promising, la the eent of his re-election,
to flra Jus yvholo Cabinet Syracuse 7oa(-Stan&uX
What Do You Know?
Queries at general interest will 6a answered
in this column, Ten Questions, the answers t
which ft cry welt-informed tereon should know,
ar asked ifallv.
QUIZ
1. Mho la Inul KocnlK?
2. How far did the submarine mrrrhantmnn
Driitnchlnnd travel In her rccord-brenklnc
trip?
3. II hat la the Hoard of Viewers In this city?
I. About ithen uiis street-lliihtlnic by electricity
Introduced In 1'hlUdelphla?
B. Wint .Stale la called the "IHt Ilend State"?
0. Ifnu- Is the Bear of n bicycle determined?
7. mint la meant by "hlsh tea"?
- Wmt Is meant by "IneoK"?
0. Mho Is Lieutenant Hnna Iterce?
10. Kiplnln the term "lodestar."
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1. ZIimNinl the movement for the restoration
of 1'alrstlne to the Jera.
S. The Immrdlite objerthe of tho present
French Urlie la the Important timn of
l'eronne.
3. Defloration of London: A code of rules to
Rnicrn the practice of imvnl warfare
adopted lo the International Naval Con
ferenco nt London nnd promulgated Feb
ruary 2n, lvou,
4, The Kenemphlenl centre of Philadelphia Is
nt fltli street mid Erie avenue.
0. tiuntcmula nnd Ilrlllsh Honduras are directly
south of .Mexico.
0, The inotorbout la used for coast defense In
wrecking aubmarlnea.
7. Tennjson wrote "Locksley null."
8. Tobacco Ins been used ns n disinfectant,
nnttibly In the cholera eplderale In New
York In 1HS3.
0. Three rivers meet at Pittsburgh, the Ohio,
MonuiiKalieln and Allegheny,
10. The anniversary of the battle of the Doyne
la celebrated on July 12,
School Lights
Editor o "IVftat Yo You Know" Can
you give me any Information on how I can
Intercede to have light of some kind In tho
Edgar Allan Poe School, located at 2?d and
RItner. 48th Ward, city of Philadelphia?
H. J. P.
The quickest way would be to lay your
request or complaint before the Board of
Education, City Hall, or before tho Superin
tendent of Schools, In the Stock Exchange
Building.
Trolley to New York
Editor of "What Do You Know" Kindly
publish In your valuable paper the direct
road by trolley car to New York city, and
from what place, here In Philadelphia, one
has to start out. Also kindly tell me what
the carfare will amount to. M, E.
Start from the Market street ferries (P.
R. R.) and cross to Camden. OutBldo the
station take car to Palmyra. Change there
to Rlverton. Your route beyond this point
will be through Riverside, Beverly, Burling
ton (Federal and High streets), Bordentown
(Farnsworth avenue), Public Service Junc
tion, Plalneboro, Dayton, Mllltown Junc
tion. New Brunswick (Albany and George
streets), Metuchen (Amboy avenue), Wood
bridge Junction, Carteret (Rahway avenue),
Elizabeth, Newark, Jersey Cty. Thence by
ferry or tunnel to New York. The total
i are irom iusmei street win De 1,83.
D. G. Phillips
Editor of "iVAat Do You Know" Can
you please tell me In what way David
Graham Phillips met his death and when?
JENNIE.
David Graham, Phillips was shot January
24, 1911, In New York city, by Fltzhugh
Coyle Goldsborough, who committed suicide
Immediately after. Phillips died the next
day. It was said at the time that Golds
borough saw some reference to himself In a
story of Phillips called "The Fashionable
Adventures of Joshua Craig," but the mo-
live or me snooting, nas never been pre
cisely established.
Mexican Names
K. N. The Mexican names of which you
ask the pronunciation and some others
which frequently give trouble are listed be
low. The accented syllable Is In capitals:
General Calles, KAH-yes; General Car
ranxa, Kah-RAHN-sah; Consul Andreas
Garcia, Ahn-DRAY-ahs Gahr-THEE-ah
General Bertanl. Bayr-TAH-nee : General
Gavira. Gah-VEE-rah; General Francisco
Villa, VEE-ah; Matamoros, Mah-tah-MOH-rohs:
San Igoaclo, Sahn-Ig-NAH-thee-or
Guerrero, Gay-Ray-ro ("r" rolled), Nuevo
Laredo. NWAY-vo-lah-RAY-do ; San Vin
cente, Sahn-Veen-SEN-tay, Presidio del
Norte, Pray-SEE-dee-o del NOR-tay; San
Elesarlo, Sahn-Ay-Iay-SAH-ree-o , Epta
AY8-pee-ah, Fronteras, Fron-TAY-ras j
Santa Crtuj, SAHN-Uh-ROOS , Tubltaml,
Too-bee-TAHM-M , Sartco, Sah-REB-ko ;
Tubac Too-BAK. '
TRADE, INCENTIVE
OF DISCOVERERS
Koenig's Voyage Ranks
Daring and in Purpose
With That of
Da Gama
in
IT IS not In the distance trnveled
3800 miles or tho dangers from hostile
wnr craft that tho voyngo of the sub
marine Deutschland Is primarily remark
able, for n 4000-mlIo trip by submarine Is
on tho list of wonders of the year 1915,
when several German submarines fol
lowed tho lead of Captain Otto Hcrslng
nnd his U-51 from Wllhclmshaven to tho
Dardanelles. That exploit caused Herslng
to be hailed as one of Germany's greatest
sen heroes. Ho took his U-boat and tho
nccompanylng flotilla through tho Bay of
Biscay, the Straits of Gibraltar" nnd tho
Mediterranean to tho Dardanelles. A
British fleet had been warned of tho trip
taken by tho submarines nnd pursued
them until they reached thelc destination.
The U-51 arrived off the Dardanelles on
Mny 25 nnd torpedoed nnd sank tho Brit
ish battleships Triumph and Majestic-and
then mado a safo passngo to Constanti
nople. Nor Is tho Deutflchland's voyngo al
together unprecedented In point of Its
being conducted without the guardianship
of a "mother ship." Submarines' "moth
ers" nro steamships which remain in tho
background with supplies and equipment
for their "daughters" and were considered
Indispensable at tho beginning of tho wnr.
For then nil that was expected of tho
llttlo vessels was an occasional dash to
sea. A trip of 300 or 400 miles unaccom
panied wns considered nn adventurous
feat. But tho German submarine U-35
made n long "unmothcrcd" trip beforo
tho Deutschland when sho reached Car
tagena, Spain, on Juno 22 last with a
messago from tho Kaiser to King Al
fonso. Tills trip of 1600 miles, whllo not
so long ns tho Deutschland's, was yot
long enough to provo that tho day was
not far off when a solitary undersea ves
sel could safely undcrtako oven longer
voyages. It Is Important to noto, In pass
ing, that with theso examples of Inven
tive and adventurous prowess so recently,
mado public, human nature's poverty in
sustained faith was great enough to rldi
culo tho idea of tho transatlantic trl:
until tho Deutschland was actually boln
towed to Baltimore.
For the Freedom of Trade
What tho .Deutschland's voyngo Is
primarily remarkablo for Is what tho
great discoverers' voyages of tho
past wero remarkablo for that It
Is at onco a trade voyago and tho
harbinger of a great idea. Her
purposo Is trado, that is to say, civiliza
tion, and tho establishment of tho free
dom of tho seas even In tho tlmo of the
most drastic blockado ever attempted.
If any nrdent pro-Ally Is Inclined to
belittle tho Importance of this trado and
freedom as merely commercial Ideas, let
him bo reminded of ono thing the dearth
'of drugs which menaced sufferers in this
country when tho German flag was swept
from tho surface of tho high seas.
Captain Paul Koenlg, tho "undersea
Columbus," seems to have tho Ideallstlo
temperament of tho great discoverers of
tho past. Hardly had ho set foot on shore
when he was oft on long series of discus
slons of topics of worldwide girth. His
ship was only the first of a submarine
fleet which was to restore the trade of tho
great blockaded Central Empires, he said.
Ho pointed to tho key on tho flag of the
old city of Bremen. "This key is tho sign
that wo havo opened the gates which
Great Britain tried to shut upon us and
the ttade of the world. Tho gates which
wo havo opened with this key will not bs
shut again."
It was precisely in this spirit that tho
sea route to India was dreamed of and
striven for in tho 15th century. The ago
of discovery synchronized with an ago of
renewed intellectual activity. "Discov
ery" and 'invention'' havo been used In
terchangeably here, but It Is only the no
cldent that, more or less crudely, every
part of tho world, even the poles, has
been revealed, that has changed tho no
menclature. New worlds aro still being
discovered and are still discoverable, but
they now happen to bo In tho air and
under tho sea and under the earth and
In the mind's possibilities, and so they
aro called Inventions.
Trade and freedom of trade routes wero
at the bottom of the earlier age of dis
covery. Trade between India and China
and tho republics of Genoa and Venice
had long been carried on by overland
routes long before Columbus nnd others
went out to look for a trade route to
India that would give western Europe the
same advantages that southeastern
Europe had. The Venetians and the
Genoese had become rich and powerful,
and trado Increased, although the means
of transport by land were not Ipiproved
by the tlvalry which each entertained
for the other, nny more than the rivalries
of England and Germany In the last
decade have helped modern trade. The
rivalry between Venice and Genoa ended
in w,ar. J
Da Gama's Feat
Portugal saw no reason why her great
navigators should not make the over
land trade route to the East, which mads
all Europe's goods pass tluough the hands
of the warring Italian merchants, unnec
essary. Tradition told of a voyage around
Africa undertaken by the Phoenicians in
the dim past; but men were timid about
venturing into unknown seas. The Inven
tion of tho mariners' compass, however,
gave them a new courage. Longer and
longer trips along the coast of Africa
were made. By 1471 the equator had been
crossed. By 1484 Diego Cam had reached
and partly explored the Congo. Still they
were not satisfied. The extreme point
of Africa had not been doubled. This was
finally done by Diaz, but to Da Gama
goes the credit for opening up the eastern
sea route. In 1498 he brought back from
India, a cargo of spices and other lux
uries. Portugal was filled with rejoicing
over what was celebrated as the greatest
feat of seamanship that had ever been
performed. The cargo was looked upon
very much as the cargo of the Deutsch
land Is looked upon today as a symbol
of greater things to come.
And vhen the next fleet of Portuguese
vessels was sent around tho Cape of 4
Good Hope they were loaded with goods
to ba exchanged for thoso of the East.
!M
aeMiaa..- viMis