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PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
OTKtja K. K, CURTIS, Pterr,
ar&J&IL J'rton, Viet PmMentt John
rkiu?JXt?ltS7tt,rl.Ani Treasureri Philip B,
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. KDITOntAli BOJUlDl
m W7I5L11' cOn Chairman.
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SXJn MAT WAB 1M.0U
Ffcllsdttphls, Mend,?, July I, Hl,
There will bo no issue of the EVE
NING LEDGER tomorrow, July i.
The aouth Carolina oncampment 1b
at Styx, which Is aa near nn approach
to what Sharman called war as anything
wo know,
"Appreciably Increased activity on
both sides of the Somme," Is Borlln's
BlUhtlng comment on what London la call
ing "some" activity.
Carranza la cordially invited to
celebrate July 4 by the display of a llttlo
common aonso. "Shooting up" on that
day has becomo decidedly bad form In
these parts.
It Is not to the point to say, as
does a news dispatch, that Villa Is still
alive. Tho propor form for the thought
Is: "Northern Mexico Is still what It
always was." Villa Is not a man; It Is a
vice.
Tho decision which permits tho city
to open Forty-fourth street through tho
grounds of tho Pennsylvania Hospital
for the Insane Is a notable step forward.
Moro vital would be tho acquisition of
tho property for a park, for an asylum
In tho heart of West Philadelphia is an
anachronism.
Nothing is tod good for the guards
men on the way to the border, but when
correspondents call mosquito bites and
uneomrortabie trains "privations" and
"hardships" oh, come now, isn't It time
to get the proportion of things by a
glance, at uncomplaining France and her
million widows
Secretary Daniels' approval of a
naval bill Is a questionable advantage,
but In favoring tho recommondatlons of
the Senate committee ho has dono what
experts and laymen both earnestly desire.
The House schedulo of five battle cruisers
Is changed to four battle cruisers and
tour dreadnoughts, and, bettor still, a con
tinuing program, with a definite goal in
1922 Is planned. For Borne reason there
ts llttlo respect left for the House com
mittees and their Influence In compro
mises. It Is sincerely, If desperately, to
be hoped that In this case the House will
not play up to form.
Of all the aspirations of nationality
In modern times, nona has caused less
misfortune, none has been prosecuted with
more zeal, than the Zionist movement,
.representatives of which are meeting In
Philadelphia this week. The persistence
with which Jews in any and every country
cling to their tradition has not vitiated
their loyalty to tha country of their adop
tion. To that the armies of Europe and
tho civil life of this country can testify.
The merest suggestion of chauvinism has
been ruthlessly stamped out, while the
highest patriotism has been developed.
The hopes of the Zionists have received
a strong Impulse from tho war, for, re
gardless of Its issue' there must be
changes In Turkey which can be diverted
to the uses of those who would buy the
Holy Land and offer It as a home to its
pristine Inhabitants.
There la a reason, quite apart from
considerations of personal safety, why
this Fourth should be less violent and
less noisy than usual. That reason Is
tho gravity of our national situation
in regard to Mexico, and, perhaps even
more Important, the consciousness of the
perils through which the nation has
passed since the last Fourth of July. In
that time tho agitations for and against
adequate preparedness, the Insistence
upon American rights on the high seas
or their abdication, the submarine Issue
with Berlin, have all been pressed upon
The nation has been forcibly thrown
Inst the world and the shock has
vakened a new national spirit It ought
to be Impossible to revert to the old type
Of blatant self -confidence and equally lm-
! possible to cling to the outworn modes of
expressing1 our patriotism. Perhaps, after
HO years, the words of the Declaration of
Independence take on a new significance.
Not to understand them would be a crime.
So the day which should be joyous and
pleasurable may spare a few of its cus
tomary excesses and put in their place a
sane sobriety of thought which cannot be
inappropriate.
own resources. The Initiative shown In
other Industries, tha preparations for
changing tho plants how given over to
munitions, a hundro1 examples of lnltla
tlve, should bo sufficient proof to tho tex
tile workers that they can double their
plants, If necessary, to capture tha world
market and fear nothing.
"INEVITABLE" WAR
IN THE esxly days of tho war It was
often said that there was an Irrepress
ible conflict between German and French
ideas and ideals, which was tho under
lying cause of the struggle. This the Ger
mans have steadily denied. They have
protested a warm admiration for tho
French, a spiritual unity with thtm, and
have Insisted that their war Is r, ilefenso
of German commerce and Gorman in
fluence against England. In a word, the
greatest war Is an economic phenomenon.
Tho idea la stale. Those who cvolvo
"tha materialists interpretation of his
torical phenomena" are certain to get
materialism and phenomena and almost
equally certain not to got history. It
would be a vicious falsehood to say that
tho present war was not brought about,
In some degree, by economic prcHsure of
the most intense kind. The lesson of
this war will bo that prossuro must be
removed. But economic pressure on the
part of Interested groups is a different
thing from absoluto economic necessity.
Germany has Insisted, through her pub
licists, that her multitudes needed a
now outlet, that the dovolopmont of a
trnao routo to tho East was essential
not only to her greatness but to her life,
and this view has boon somewhat credu
lously accepted, even by her enemies.
The process which reduces the Amerlcnn
Revolution to a military extension of the
threo-cornered trado between tho West
Indies, the American Colonics and tho
mother country can easily explain tho
driving necessities of Germany.
Unfortunately, thcro nre certain facts
about Germany quite available. Some
of them, known long ago, have recontly
boen put Into striking order by a French
man, whp is puzzling out tho wliorefor
of tho wnr. It Is known that Germany'o
negliglbio forolgn commerce In tho mid
dle of tho last century grow to $5,000,000,
000 a year, second to that of England.
At tho same time her population In
creased from 40.000,000 In 1871 to nearly
70,000,000. Between 1895 and 1913 tho
Incomo from hor fortunes roso from $1.-
000,000,000 to 18,000,000,000. Tho wholo
process of expansion was on a magnifi
cent scalo.
Tet Gormany faced neither overpopu
lation nor unavoidable poverty. Tho
emigration, which In 1880 came to 200.000
a year, fell In tho first years of this
century to one-tenth that number, and
actually Germany was becoming a coun
try of Immigration, for evory year hun
dreds of thousands of Slavs enmo to
work on her great estates. The real
chnnfto in population Is tho chango which
occurred many years ago In England, the
change from field to workshop, from
agriculture to Industry.
Essentially Germany was pledged to
poaco by this very chnnge, for, ns her
leading mon have grown weary with
pointing out, her manufacturers wore
gradually becoming more and more de
pendent upon Imported raw materials.
Frinchmen who visited Germany on tours
of Inspection In 1913 reported tho almost
violent adhesion of tho manufacturing
and commercial Interests, with certain
exceptions, to tho cause of European
peace. Against thorn were the Jingoes,
tho Intellectuals from tho universities
and the makers of armament an array
of peculiarly uneconomic forces.
Just as Germany was pledged to peace,
she was destined to prosperity by one of
the most colossal systems of colonization
known In human history a system which
for returns, for solidity, for its wide
spread ramifications and for its subtlety
surpasses the empires of ancient Rome
and of modern Britain. It was. In es
sence, control to German advantage of
the commerce and finance of other coun
tries, without the shadow of political
interference. Italy has recently acknowl
edged the goneroslty of German finan
ciers who supplied gold when Italy most
needed It, with only tho slight reserva
tion that tho profits go to German, not
Italian, Industry. Franco was a more
profitable dependence of Germany before
the war broke out than tho Kamoruns
could over be. In France, Switzerland,
Italy, Argentine, Brazil, Chill, Turkey
and Belgium, Germany had established
those banks which ministered to her
own prosperity. When the Minister of
Commerce declared In tho Prussian Diet
that "our commerce nnd our Industry
will not be able to do without the world
market In the future" ho was saying an
undisputed thing In a very solemn way.
Germany held tho world market In her
hand. It Is her fault If she loses It.
Thero are deep causes behind this war,
and there are very obvious ones which
may have Bad more to do with It Tho
causes which cannot be recognized, the
plea which must bo rejected, is that of
the pressure of pure hunger. The part
reserved for hunger seems to bo that
of ending, not beginning, the catastrophe.
EVENING- LEPGER-rHILADELPHlA, MONDAY, JULY 3, 1910,
Tom Daly's Column
FLAG O' UY LAND
Vp to the breeze of tho merntnp I fling
tiou,
Blending iour foldt Kith the daiim in
the tkv;
There let tho people behold you, and bring
you
Love and otof!on that never shall die.
Proudly, agaze at your glory, 1 stand,
Flag o' my land! flag o' my land!
Standard most glorious I banner of beauty I
Whither you beckon ma there uHll 1 go,
Only to you, after God, Is my duty;
Vnto no other allegiance I owe.
Heart of me, soul of trie, yours to,'
command,
Flap o' my land! flag o' my land!
Pine to palmetto and ocean to ocean,
Though of strange nations xve get our
increase,
Here arc your worshipers one In devotion,
Whether the bugles blow battle or peace.
Take us and make us your patriot
band,
Flag o' my landt flag o' my land I
Xow to the breeze of the viomlng I gtve
you
Alit but the days uihen the staff uHU bo
bare I
Teach tis to see you and love you and live
you
When tho light fades and your folds are
not there.
Dwell In tho hearts that are yours to
command,
Mag o' my landl flag o' my land I
BLANKS FOR THE FOURTH?
l
FURMAN B. WILLIS, tho w. k. attor
ney of Ocean City, received a call tho
other day from a cullud lady who seemed
to bo In great distress and was asking
funds for her young boy.
"What Is tho matter with your boy 7"
asked tho attorney.
"Well, I'so not quite sho', but I thinks
ho has tobccurlous," replied tho lady.
F. 8.
TV WYBD ADVVRTYSnil
There Is a mannc In our totimc,
WJio ts so wondrous wise
Yt whenna he thynkes ye times are Ivarde
Ho 'gins to advertise,
And whenne he sees ye clouds roll bye
Right broadlle doth he grtnnc,
And stops to wlnke ye other eye
And rope ya shekels Innc.
Ya dismal wights who slttc and croako
Lyke turkeys xcltha ye croupe.
They lose their grippe and go flatte broke
And tumble In ye soupc.
So, ye who rcadc y llttcl laye
Pile uppeyour addes in stackes.
Or you tolll gcttc It harde some daye
W'licre chickens gcttc ye axe.
XORMAX JEFFEKIE8.
P. 8. Pleiuo excuse upellynso.
.
ri 1 1 vevv ii
umBmmmm
ImmM'mmmflBmSMi
HI ' '
EARLY WAR DAYS
HOAX AND JOKES
The "Myths" Which Were Taken
for Gospel Truth W.hcn
the Great War Broke
Out
THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
Another "Philadelphia First" Is Dictographing the News When
tho Revolution Began Letters on War and Other
Matters of Current Interest
What Do You Know?
George WnnncmaUer caught a brown
trout, with a fly, measuring 16 H Inches.
George is the champion fisherman of
Kreigevlllc. Stroudsburg (Pa.) Tlmos.
AND a champion Insect, almost worthy
. of mention in the same paragraph
with the gargantuan cockroach which
emerged from Its lair In our desk during
tho first week of our Incumboncy, looked
over a bit of vorse we were writing, and
has not slnco been scon. It was an im
mense fellow In a brown uniform; what
you might call a khakl-roach.
On tho tickets to the Victor Herbert con
cert at Willow Grove on Wednesday night
Ills march, dedicated to the A. A. C. of W.,
was announced thus:
"World's Progress" (new, first tlmeX
Songs of Mount Gretna
. TAPS
The sun has sunk behind the hill,
The shades of night rise fast and thick,
The silent dark pours In until
It hides the peak of "Guv'nor Dick";
There comes a clear call from the height:
"Goodnight all's welll" "All's well
good-nlghtt"
Hushed are tha drums, the guns are
stacked.
Gone ts the pomp and pageantry:
The loud command, th' applauded act,
The gay, conspicuous gallantry,
Have vanished 'neath the stars' cold light.
"Oood-nlght all's welll" "All's well
good-nlghtt"
Across Lake Conewago, gleam
Yague, random rays of shimmering
light,
That from the cottage windows stream
To make tha dancing rtpplets bright;
Then calls a wandering water-sprite ;
"Good-night all's welll" "All's well
good-nlghtt"
The lonely sentry paces down
The rough, deserted, silent streets.
Thro' alleys of the tented town
Ills heart with sudden tremor beats
As taps resound from site to site:
"Good-night all's welll" "All's well
good-nlghtt"
CASA WAPPY.
This DeDttrlment ta free to nil renArri, infi
With to cxprxi their opinions on tubject) o
current Memt. It it art eptn orum. and fde
Evening Ledotr asiimrs no responsibility or
the vku's 0 Us corrftpottdn(.
WHEN THE REVOLUTION BEGAN
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir No Tory can bo an Amerlcnn. No
man who preaches that America and Eng
land have anything In common has tho
privilege of Interpreting tho spirit of Amer
ica. A man cannot love England and
America. He will hate one and love tho
other, for both aro us wide apart in their
Inspirations as the gospol of mammon and
tho gospel of Christianity.
England never has had patience with any
thing but the religion yellow-streaked. Sho
has drlvon forth all persons who sought a
true development without tho aid of the life
less golden calf. England made popnthle tho
Puritan. The Puritan mnde possible tho
democrat. The democrat will ninlio popslblo
AmericA. Those who came from the Puri
tans, men of the type of Emerson, saw that
true democracy wns not to ha found among
froebooters, beer Jugs and yapplsh women.
They had diims of an American race
whose soul had been lifted above the filth.
Thoy dreamed of an American race, strong
and self-reliant, disciplined In their emotions
and passions, slaves to no order, free mm
hi every possible meaning of tho word,
owing allegiance to no king, no bunch of
bones and flesh, but abiding only by the dic
tates of God himself.
I know American history. And I know
several other histories. I didn't get my
knowledge from the public schools. I got it
because I went after It. and I went after It
long enough and thoroughly enough to be
come pware that the American Itevolutlon
did not begin 12 years before 1776, as you
say. It didn't begin In 1034, nor In 1629,
nor in mzu. Hor am u nave us inception
In H92. But the American Itevolutlon had
Its birth when a man, far back In ancient
times, becamo so angry when he witnessed
the worship of the golden calf thut ho broke
all of the Ten Commandments In one mln
uto and seventeen seconds. America Is a
battleground against greed; and one of Its
chief enemies Is the EnglUh way of running
things. CECIL MONTAGUE.
Philadelphia, June 30,
shown these representatives from all over
the country than by your appliance of the
dictograph In getting tho speech of our
noblo executive, tho President of the United
States, Woodrow Wilson.
I happened to bo among tho first ones to
asHomlilo and hod ample time to Inspect
thoroughly the placing of the Instrument.
Allow mo to commend your worklngmen for
tho stylo In which thoy so marvclously
erected the dictograph. I could readily see
that no spaco was originally considered for
the placing of the "word writer," but your
men puiceu ii in sucn a position tnat. If
It wasn't for tho wire from it, it would be
Invisible. It did wt in tho least Interfere
with tho speakers, as first suspected by the
conversntlonallstHlto all sides of me. It did
not keep the volcn of the speaker confined to
tho platform byi sending tho air waves
containing the sound back, as some also
complained. And nfter tho President be
gan delivering his Impromptu nddress, all
thought of the greatest Invention was com
pletely forgotten for the time being.
That stunt only shows the reliability of
your editions; your dculro to get tho news
to the eager public as soon ns possible, and
nn earnest willingness to show the a'd men
that Philadelphia 13 not only foremost In
trying out new devices for the benefit of
tno pubic, but is one of the liveliest cities
in the world.
Tho good that the Evemino LEDann has
s) far brought about will stamp It as one of
our foremost papers. Keep up your noble
work and as long as Philadelphia belongs to
Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Is a part of
the good old United States your advance
ment of righteousness, your clean sheets
and editorials, your Introducing of new de
vices of gathering news shall be remem
bered. ABE MEYERS.
Philadelphia, July 1.
OuciifS o etneral Interest u(ll ts antutred
tn tnit column. Ten questions, the answers to
lunlch even ucll-lnormed tierson sAoulil Ju?,
are ashed daiiv.
QUIZ
1. Wlit Onrrnl flrnnt't occupation last
before the Clrll WnrT
z, "lint protest of nnethels wns emptored
. About wlint. fraction of thn urea of Franco
, ...l' in "? hands of the Hermann?
. l;nt nnd hen warn "Hie er of rood
. fllnr"T
n. TMr the Mormon it hint?
no r"T
For whnt rron ( the Fonrth of Jolr ob-
. erTid nif n holiday?
. Whut wbj the "Meeklenburic Ileclnrnllon of
.. Independence"?
10. Who wroto "Alias Marner"?
?. Whnt wnn thn "trade dolls
7. JJhr l the "rrapefrult" no railed?
a.
KITCIIENEIVS LEGACY
The speech of U. S. Consul Seltzer,
fctalioritd at Bresiau, Germany, before the
)M&S7lvanl manufacturers of textiles
Vfrs, meant for Philadelphia, and should be
MKrecUted Uero, His assurances that
fer saany years after the war Germany
H1 be unable to supply it own demand
ev fextiles, coupled with the anti-dump-lag
clause of the eery legislation at Wash
htgton. ought to te a tremendous incen
Jtfye toe extension among the textile
Hmfcturr In thbi city. It Is to be
UMm ir frantsd that a satisfactory poi
Uy wt be roalntalrud by the Goyern
towt: but Mr. Ser hits hwX whoa he
mr ifcl m Cerwaay U usiwrai lm
pWMiJsMt iv !Ul inevfcn ovnufJHtufvta
wsk ymtttsa tha tic :
TUB first stages of the British drive
must be marked down not so much as
military successes as the evidences of
Kitchener's legacy. What remains to
be dono will depend on strategy, on tho
great generals directing the offensive and
on tho clear minds which carry It out.
The preliminary work has certainly been
sound. It has been thorough. It has
been painstaking and, what is more, It
has been done In the face of withering
criticism.
July 1 was Kitchener's answer, from
the grave, Jt Is true, but a moving answer
to all the criticism. It is his penance for
the failure at Loos and JCeuve Chapelle
that he did not live to see this magnifi
cent organism of his at work. The Brit
ish failed before because men were
thrown across the German trenches and
left there unsupported. Kitchener made
that sort of failure impossible. His "mob"
Is a great army, the largest and, It need
not be doubted, the finest ever organized
by volunteers, thn noblest offering of a
nation while at war. There remains much
to be condemned in England still, but
Kitchener's work seems to be beyond re
proach, The work of UoycKleorae in munitions
and tl the General Staff In preparing the
for the offensive to also com-
Every foot of. railroad built and
ete pole for elephants con
the battle which la now on.
H APHOPOS of the triumph of the dlcto
XJL graph," says J. I J. K., whose letter
Is dated Friday, "tonight's EvuninoLkdoeh
states: 'The Evemino Ledoeiv story, as put
together through the aid of the dictograph,
was faithful down to the last comma lust
as tho President said It.'
"Since Mr. Wilson has taken to this form
of expression, perhaps he will say a couplo
of periods to Carransa, and maybe whisper
a semicolon or an Interrogation mark to
the English Government, If the thing gets
fashionable, we will have Teddy raising
thunder by shouting some large exclama
tion marks. Wanamaker'a advertisement
some days ago gave a gloomy picture of
A World Without Words.' This new way
of using punctuation marks for language,
would -solve that situation."
DICTOGRAPIIING THE NEWS
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir Some of our advertising visitors had
a sneaky feeling when they at first arrived
here on Monday about that now old-fashioned
saying that Philadelphia was "slow,"
If that word means slow In gaining head
way In vice, well and good ; but If It meant
Blow In achievement, then no better ex
ample of our wlde-awakeneis could be
T
PERIL IN AMATEUR OFFICERS
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir A certain brigadier general of the
State Guard Is quoted as saying, "It's all
rot, tnklng six months to make a soldier."
If this Is correct It merely stamps the utter
incompetency of that pemon, especially
when the statement was originally made
by a renl soldier.
No wonder the Philadelphia regiments
have had difficulty In getting men. In the
hands of Incompetent commanding office ra
It would spell suicide to hundreds of men
If they went to Mexico under such leaders.
Let us hope that the actual disposition
of our State troops will be In the hands
of competent army onlcers and not In the
hands of amateur persons who know more
about selling products and politics than
commanding troops. AP.BIY MAN.
Allentown, Pa,, June 27.
Answers to Saturday's Quiz
1. The Fetrollia was attacked br an Austrian
o a '""Marine.
x, A disrharxa from the armr mar be nnr
i???.fi hr pT!on Tho ''! erred at
if,!,lf.i,J.rSar! " ,l0 ' tioned within
the United Ntates.
4 Pli7.?&0Wnl"aJ'.r Trl"le Alliance.
tf'S Wynton did not elm the Declara
k t .? n ".l. Inoependenro.
l..3f.'Lm'ttr,.''l a. t'P. were doubled Its
A w-E.W'iJ w,-uy..K,ou'' tlm n sreat.
?' ift!.,r bo11! ' J8 .dewees Fahrenheit.
' Allownnee Is made for expannlon of the rails
roll ends ,pat" betwen Ul
n Ckl wna onc? """d Cnthar.
N,Jj$1 corruption of the Hindu word "na-
V,.L."J?A?-,p,f$hfes,.i
IT-1 r.r,'ih;. Thus the ..,1ns1: .?ATrkCi!
"Kindergarten" Is from tha German ami
mean.. Ilternllr. ''chltiren'g ard?S"'
10,
Army Organization
"On to Mexico" is one of the cheers which
echo over the Bluo Ridge hills dally as
N, G. P. men are mustered Into the Federal
service when they take their oats by com
panies. Evening paper,
" ANr" comments C, Ii. Br., In calling
xx our attention to it, "since the ad
vertising department may object to our
mentioning Quaker O . a, may I be per
mitted to remark that Tommy Atkins also
drops his h'?"
Nobody Lores a SIdewheeler
DEAR TOM Did you ever consider the
Inconvenience to a southpaw eating
in one of those arm-chair cafes?
POItTSIDER,
WHO'S "WHO IN THE DRIVE
The world Is a little more acquainted
with the personnel of the Entente leaders
In the present great effort on the Western
front than with that of the German Gen
eral Staff. It Is certain, however, that
unless recent changes have not been re
ported. General von Falkenhayn Is still di
recting the defensive for Germany upon
which the whole course of the war depends.
Falkenhayn was appointed to the position
of Chief of Staff shortly after Von Moltke,
who recently died, was dismissed, and he
has held the reputation In Germany of
being the greatest strategist of defense In
the army. He ranks as high on the de
fensive as Von lilndenburg does on the
offensive. As chief of staff he has a cer
tain responsibility for the operations at
Verdun, but the presence of the Crown
Prince and several other generals at that
point leaves Falkenhayn with the rest of
the front as nis particular cnarge.
For the British the command lies with
Sir Dourlas Halt, successor to Sir John
French, field marshal from tho beginning
of the war. A recent highly sympathetic
account of Sir Douglas was published In
America, and the author, though obviously
trying to be kind, implied that the general
was comparatively untried and lacked the
very highest kind of military genius, tile Is
known, however, for his vigor and his Initi
ative. On him and on Sir William Robert
son, of the British General Staff, will de-
pna mo ouicoma oi mo cattle, for the
British reports emphasise each day the
perfect state of their preparedness for this
drive.
The two Britishers will have a tower of
strength beside thero In th person of Gen
eral Foch, known as the "man of the Marna
and Yser." Foch commands the French
army Immediately south of the English
line, and in the first day's battle took part
of the attack on himself. The kind of man
he Is may be judged from the fact that
at the Marne, the critical battle which saved
Parts, Foch deliberately threw overboard
every rule be had been teaching at Jhs Ecole
de Guerre, made a desperate experiment
and won. In brief, he took an armv di
vision, som 29.009 men. while itlll under
staked his entire future on the move, re
tired for several hours and camo back
hardly daring to ask how It had worked.
Tha news was the French were winning
at the Marne,
AMERICANS AND MEXICANS
One thing at least stands out clearly on
the face of the Mexican complication, and
that Is that all our efforts to gain or hold
the friendship of the Mexican people have
thus far failed. For the dispatches Indicate
that the feeling in that country against
Americans la exceedingly bitter. It does
not matter what caused It, or who Is re
sponsible for It. The Important fact Is
that It exists. Undoubtedly ambitious and
unscrupulous politicians in Mexico and for
eign Inliuencea have striven to stir up an
anti-American feeling. The patience of our
people nnd their Government has. It is
said, been construed as weakness. And so
contempt has been born out of hate.
When such conditions exist there must
necessarily be great danger of an outbreak.
But for the telf-restralnt of our soldiers
and their officers there would have been a
collision long ago. To what extent Car
ransa shares the feeling of the people can
not now be known with certainty, He may
fee) that it is Impossible for him, without
stirring revolution, to yield in any particu
lar. xis position is confessedly difficult.
But Jt cannot be said that he has at any
time shown the slightest disposition to re
ciprocate the good will shown to him by
our Government, And It may be that he
Is himself to some extent responsible for
tha present state of feeling. -Indianapolis
News.
Editor of "What Do You KnoW'Mttt
many Inquiries I have failed to find one
person who could give me a clear idea
of the words "militia." "guardsmen." "reel
mont. "brigade."' otc., and their relation
to each other. Will you kindly give me
an outline of what armies consist.
A WOMAN".
Strictly spenklng. the militia consists of
every male citizen who could be called out
In time of war. By "militia" is usually
meant the "organized militia." that Is, our
""" uu organizations In tho various
States. "Guardsmen" are tho members of
the organized militia. Here Is an outline
of army organization)
Infantry: A squad Is elcht man imri.. h.
command of a corporal. A section Is two
squads under the command of a sergeant.
A platoon Is from 60 to 75 men under a
,ut?nanh A cmPny Js "three platoons,
200 to 250 men, under o captain," but In
this country companies are usually of no
more than 100 or 150 men. and, as was ro
conUy apparent In the recruiting here,
mllltla companies were down to 50, sought
to Increase to 5, and later to 100, for
active service. A battalion la four , ,,
companies under a major, A regiment Is
f. ?". or. more batta"ons under a colonel.
A br.'ead.e '" two or ,nr regiments under
a brigadier general. A division Is two or
more brigades under a major general. An
army corps Is two or mora divisions sup
plemented by cavalry, nrtllierv. nnir...
etc., under a major general or lieutenant
general; about 40,000 men In all.
Cavalry: A section Is eight men under
a corporal. A platoon Is 3S to 50 men
under a lieutenant or Junior captain. A
troop Is three or four platoons, 125 to 160
men, under a captain. A squadron Is threa
troops under a senior captain or major. A
regiment Is four to six squadrons under a'
colonel. A brigade Is three regiments under
a brigadier general. A division Is two or
three brigades under a major general.
Artillery: A battery Is 110 to 110 men,
with four to six guns, under a captain. A
group or battalion Is threa or four bat
teries under a major. A regiment Is threa
or four groups under a colonel. Of course
In all thtse figures there are differences
In the various oountries and arising through
itiv exigencies vt aciuai war.
Two young women overheard by C. . V.
in a ilci tr
"Ob. did you go
"Yes. bat I WOUldn
twofftgaeum9cyacuocllmn.'' luion against the J--fue-Un centra.
SLOW SHIPS
Speed Is a most essential element In
the power and abl.lty of ships and the big
ship with the greatest speed has the ad
vantage over all the others. Tha Pennsyl-
vanla U a splendid, powerful, slow ship
Bridgeport Standard.
THE ANSWER
Doubt of American patriotism, founded
upon roucn unjunnouo taiK ana tn Inability
An Opinion on Myllua Case
Editor of "Vhat Do You Know" My at
tentlon has been drawn to a letter In your
Evekino I.SPOER, headed "Talo of a King's
Marriage." Permit ma to remark that the
reply given Is not quit correct. In the first
place, there Is no morganatic, marriage law
in Great Britain; therefore, the union re
ferred to does not coma undir that h.
i Further, thes, unfortunate editor who was
unpriaonou lor iiuo was sentenced through
his having bean misinformed regarding tha
name of tha ady whom tha than hair ap
parent had married In Malts, She was tha
daughter of an admiral, but not of Sir
'" nejmwur, tu mai error, royalty
found a pretext to deny "tha soft Impeach
ment" Query: Would a private citizen
have been permitted to clear himself so
adroitly? To me, an American citizen, t
seems a vary weak conclusion to draw
in so earlous a matter; but I presume these
monarchs hold themselves above all law
or, the special laws which ragulate tha
lives of their subjects. M. L. if. I.
Tha dltor of "What Po You Know" can
not aa wherein ha was incorrect, Ha did
. . .'.. "- " WT- " --- --w-T-..-rwm w-v -m MMUM1LT I UUi
to th. Clvlo Exposition!" SaTlM kr..Vrr:", XJXVW", "S .?: j.r "?? ! . in Great
Uldnt Of want only I had th. nronar moment arrlv.d 7',."".,.? ZZ ,h. In. ,TW. T7: " """S "V" i?" ?"" "
m h a . -....--iii- u I rr. "'"." l;- -.::.- - " x- ? - --t - - - i am- i in n
ill
falo Enquirer.
Bu- I mlralt and their daughters mixed up. that
ws UJC-JX jnuwnuua.
THE censor Is to bo blumed, no doubt
When tho greatest cataclysm of his
tory broko out the censor slopped In and
sold, "You must not tell tho truth." Had
the truth been available thero would have
been no need to lie. What actually took
placo in tho first dayB of the great war
was too terrible, too wonderful to need
ombelllshmont. But with tho truth "Ver
boten" by a system more autocratic than
that of tha militarist, the fakes began to
come.
With tho truth or falsehood of tho
causes of the war nnd of tho atrocities
which did or did not accompany tho open
ing months, this article has nothing to
do. Tho slmplo reason Is that the truth
Is still not known. But other things
which were not known In August and
September of 1014 are clear now. And
what the world thought nnd bellovcd then
Is funny today. It ought to bo a warning
to military experts. It probably will be
nothing of tho sort.
First thero was tho herplc resistance
of Belgium. Of 11b heroism thoro is no
doubt. It Is not tho Bort of thing about
which those who Bit In easy-chairs nnd
know not tho smell of burning households
nor tho sight of stricken men and women
nro privileged to Jest. But Its effective
noss was woefully overrated, nnd military
experts, with this or that qualification to
give them authority, spoko of tho 10-day
battle for tho fortress of Llcgc, which was
lying dovnstatod far behind tho German
tulvanco when thoso very words wore
written. "Belgium has savod Franco"
wns a watchword precisely at tho time
when Franco was retreating, carefully
but Inevitably, far In her own land.
Tho Rlvor Sambro In Belgium, nnd the
River Somme, In Franco, sounded suffi
ciently nllko to bo confused. For many
days tho French wnr reports spoko brlofly
of fighting on tho Sambro. Suddenly tho
name Sommo wns substituted and the
terrified world realized that Germany had
thrown her armies Into tho heart of
France while thoy wore supposed to bo
In Belgium.
Then came tho greatest day of all,
Simeon Strunsky has referred to It as
thnt glorious afternoon, "soven columns
wide," when Von ICluck apologized to
JofTre, begged to bo Allowed to retreat
safe to Germany under promlso never to
invado France again. Tho head-writer
on a New York paper must havo chokod
with emotion when ho wroto those seven
column lines. He must have choked with
a different emotion whon tho news came
that Von ICluck, though thrown back,
had Joined tho other German armies on
the Alsne.
Five days aftor the wnr broko out there
occurred tho greatest naval battle of all
history. A generous correspondent gavo
Germany 19 superdrcadnaughts, and
thon, with llttlo care of tho consequences,
with no attention oven to the amount of
.white space which would be wasted on
It, sank ovcry single one of them.
And then the most momentous fake ot
all, a fako which like some others merely
anticipated the truth, Thnt Is, tho Rus
sians who passed through Scotland to
Join their allies on the western front.
Tho amount of "oyowitneso stuff which
came to this country on this Incredible
story Is nstontshlng. Scots In tho high
lands or thereabouts and fishermen on the
Breton Coast saw tho Cossacks. Ob
servers near London saw the closed cars
which boro them. In Franco there were
thoso who spoke with them and received
a reply in a barbaric language. And by
all that Is singular, in splto of nil these
accounts, the Russians never got there.
It was an outrage against the credibility
and honor of the universe, but It couldn't
bo helped. More than a year later Rus
sian troops landed In thousands, and with
pomp and circumstance, at Marseilles.
The first French soldlor killed in the
wnr was named Peugeot. Tho report
came over that tho great aviator of tho
samo name had fallen. Before the war
was well started Garros had engaged two
Zeppelins and brought them down. Garros
himself laughed at this story In his apart
mont in Paris. Frits Krelsler was killed
before he was wounded. Max Undor read
the report, of his own death In Paris.
The Crown Prince was killed 17 times.
The Kaiser appeared incognito In Paris.
The Kaiser ordered his dinner simul
taneously in Warsaw and in Paris and In
Calais. Von Kluck committed suicide.
A French general was shot as a traitor
until Joffre told exactly with what regi
ment he was stationed.
Among thp fakes which were not fakea
should be mentioned some of the news
paper stories. Tho great taxlcab army
of Galllent was not 80,000 strong, but.
probably 8000, for there were only 2000
chauffeurs left In Paris when Manoury
was in need of men. That was exagger- ,
atlon. It also came true In the motor
defense of Verdun a year and moro later.
And the famous story of the battle of
Ypres, which endeared America to Eng
land because an American wrote It and
gave much far too much credit to the
Englishmen, was written from Informa
tion gained in London bars. But it did
not purport to be an eye-witness account
and its Bplrit, if riot all Its faots, was true.
The military strategy exposed for dally
reading In American papers was not fak
ing. Every word of It was reasoning
from premises which no one coujd guar
antee. Even today, when wo are prob
ably in the midst of the great -Allied drive,
we cannot speculate on It without reser
vations. For (t may be that our reports
are not so trustworthy as they seem.
They may be as wild and fantastic as
the greatest story of all in the early days
of the war The Angels of Mons. That
is good enough to warrant special attention.
We didn't believe these things even
when we read them, but we liked to read
them. Behind them was a tragedy we
could not fathom, a misery we could riot
bear to think on steadily. Wo sheltered
our souls behind smaller things; they
were trenchee of frivolity thrown up
where there should have been a fortress
of faith. In the end the trenches proved
the stronger defense, for we have not all
gone Aiad. We have bean saved from
madness by humor, Q. v. s.
'ftk