m
8
EVENING LEDGER PHILADELPHIA SATURDAY, JUNE
1916.
Starting
o iUc&0cr
TUDLtC LEDGEIt COMPANY
CYtlUa JL K. .ClfltTia, rnBSlDMT.
Chart H Ludlngton, Vice Frrsldent: John
junin, orcremry ana 'irensurn-; i-nuip H,
Collins, John U. Wltllnms, Directors.
I
I'.l
ir
EL
w
hi
EDITOiUAti HOAnDi
. Ctncs II. K Cuiitis, Chairman.
P. It. TfrHALHir ..Editor
JOHN C. MAltTlN. .General Dullness" Manaeer
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THE AVEIlAan NET 1'AID DAILY Cin-
CULATIOK OF Tim BVtiNINC) I.EDQEll
FOll MAY WAS 133.au
rhiUddphli, Sstnnlsr, June II, 1916
Greece sccma to liavo been deleted
by tho censor.
( A million dollar fund for music In
general Is' being formed In New Otleuni,
Tho Orchestra guarantors hero have set
a contagious example.
Sick of vara and of apologies for
war, tho world may yet look upon tho
United States and allow us to say, "Wo
havo not willed this."
According to General Agullar, Mox.
lco was only defending Its Integrity. Tho
Ability of the Mexican to defend a non
existent quantity Is admirable.
Petrograd reports that three Ger
man armies, mado up largely of troops
from tho Western front, aro now engnged
with tho Russian advance. Wo suggest
that this Information bo cabled to London.
Thero U a lot of talk about special
Interests and their anxloty to foico the
United States to go Into Mexico. Tho
only special Interest that amounts to
anything Is tho national interest In tho
protection of our citizens.
Representative Mann says that ho
does not know whether tho troops should
be kept In Mexico or not. Probably ho
haa heard by now that there aro some of
them who can never come back, orders
or no orders.
Tho debate In Gormany as to
whether or not Belgium should bo "an
nexed" comes as near to a definition of
"an academic discussion" as anything
1 1 that haa como out of tho land of profos
. core for a long time.
We had Just learned from Father
land that Germany has no moro need of
cotton, slnco sho has invontcd a preferablo
substitute, when Germany demands that
Switzerland pass cotton under pain of los
ing German coal and iron. The per
versity of news reports is deploiable.
The action of tho Houso In voting
almost unanimously to authorlzo tho
President to call tho National Guard into
tho Federal sorvlce, for domestic or for.
eign service, wag prompt and satisfactory,
thero being no political division. Now
that wo know wo must bo ready, let's
cot ready without moro hesitation.
Tho light on the tower and statue
makes a splendid effect. All tho credit
should go to the Evening Ledger. The
t newspaper made the suggestion, which
we later acted upon. Major Smith.
Tho next best thing to originating
on Idea Is to know a good thing when ono
sees It. The Mayor and his advisers were
quick to put Into effect tho plan to bathe
"Billy" Penn In fountains of light, and
tho result is something of which any Ad
ministration could bo proud.
Swift on tho heels of an Important
German gain at Verdun comes the re
port of a vicious counter-attack in which
the gain was nullified. That has beet for
long the character of tho fight aroumfthe
Me use citadel and it shows tho incalcul
able difficulties through which a Gorman
victory will bo won. Tho German advance
came within three and a half miles of
Verdun, but the point from which their
guns could dominate the river was not
reached and tho sharp French reply to
the assault proves that it will not bo won
for eoraa time. Thiaumont fell from the
column of German, victories beforo It
could bo added in by consolidating the
ground. It may return, but so long as
thd French retain the energy for counter
attack the cost will be too high for the
prize.
.One of our recollections of the
parade in this city in 1884 in honor of the
appointment of the eloquent Patrick John
Ryan, of St. Louis, as Archbishop of Phil
adelphia was an Immense transparency,
en all four eldoa pf which was the simple
legend. "St. Louis' Loss Is Philadelphia's
Gain." Los Angeles might very properly
adapt this to fit its own needs and to
express Philadelphia's feeling in any
parade that city may contemplate to
honor its new Bishop, the Right Reverend
John J. McCort, whp has been Auxiliary
Bishop of Philadelphia since J912. Tho
Pope's appointment of Bishop McCort to
the see In Southern California made va
cant by the death of Bishop Conaty re
moves from this archdiocese a distin
guished churchman, noted for tireless
energy and for the sympathetic under
atKEcUag of his people.
The compromises on the army bill
probably have set the precedent for the
aavy bill now before Congress. The Sen
ate subcommittee, knowing welt that its
provisions would not be accepted in the
nd, has asked for four battle cruisers
and three dreadnoughts, in place of the
Ave battle cruisers In the House schedule.
The. subcommittee, lao favore ave-year
building program, which Is" so reason
able and so economical a method that in
difference to it must bo put down to sheer"
Ignorance. A building program docs not
moan that changes In types cannot bo
mndd it now lessons nio learned. f3uch
lessons as tho Jutland battlo taught will
havo their duo effect In tlio vwols laid
down thli year and noxU It would bo
mothlng of a courtesy It tho belligerent")
could arrange a pitched battlo between
superjlreadnollnhts for our benefit.
Ol)R GUARDSMEN DEPART
Iirr it not be with too light a heart that
J the city watcher) Its tlodtfs depart to
day. They will go with a keen and serious
pleasuro In doing their duty and their
country's work. Those who do not go
cannot have tho satisfying rellof of ac
Hon. They must bo Bober and oven sor
lowftll. Pot1, In splto of many hopes,
thero 'seems llttlo chance.' of escaping
bloodshed in Mexico," Thero 'should bo
tirlvntn sorrow and nubile regret that
this bloodshed was unavoidable.
But It Is to bo hoped for tho splendid
sanity of pur country that thero will bo
no public hystorln. They who go down to
tho IUo Grande go down for a torrlblo
business. Wo sharo the security they
provldo and tho honor thoy win. Hut In
death thero Is no nharlng, and In this
moment there can be no plnco for easy
erthuslnsms. For courage, yea, nnd for
satisfaction that men aro still zestfut to
net In their country's bfho,lf, and for
hope. What Is coming may be arduous
and" awful. Let our spirits not tecedo
beforo tho menaco and seek rofugo In
frivolity.
Tom Daly's Column
OVIl VlhhAOV POET
Whenever it's i Baturdau an1 troops are
off to war
t tcoik so hard on rrtdau that I'm no
good any more.
Our village It so fussed an' stirred that
when the marchln's through
I'd rather sleep on Saturday than see
.tohat notes Is new.
Please try to get along tc.ittout your lit
tle friend today,
lie's far, oh, far fiom Chestnut street
a-hlttin' of the hay.
TRADE follows the flag! Last evening
the soldiers monopolized Broad street.
On Monday night comos tho parade of tho
Associated Advertising Clubs of the
World.
CHEAPER GAS A NECESSITY
DOLLAR gas is an anachronism. Evory
citizen who pays that prlco Is being
taxed 26 per cent, for tho uso of a neces
sity. Tho practice Is tolerated because
tho peoplo havo becomo used to tho bur
den. Wore It proposed as a new schemo
there would not bo enough votes In favor
of It to nil tho shell of a hickory nut.
As owner of gas works tho city Is enti
tled, of course to a. return on Its Invest
ment. It Is nrgucd that tho 25 per cont.
tax is that return and Is a Just tax on
this account. As a matter of fact, let
It bo remembered that the gas property
never cost tho taxpayers a dollar. The
plnnt paid for itself and, no matter what
any man says, was to this extent a suc
cessful experiment in municipal owner
ship. Wo tako It that It was never Intended
tho city should dump Into tho treasury
each succeeding reduction provided for In
tho lease. Tho pubjlc was supposed to
get the benoflt. It has dono so Indirectly
only, through llghtor taxes; but even so,
tho situation has been undemocratic for
tho reason that peoplo who do not uso
gas havo received a special benefit. A
citizen can uso electricity or oil without
being penalized thorefor, but the instant
he uses gas a special tax is laid on him.
Tho U. G. I. Is apparently convinced
that lower prices are necessary If tho nor
mal increase in tho uso of gas is to con
tinue It proposes as a solution that the
city surrender in toto its sharo of the
receipts. This would virtually be giving
tho uso of tho city works to tho company
freo of chargo, which would bo inde
fensible Wo do not doubt, however, that
the city would bo nblo to meet tho com
pany moro than half way. Let both
mako concessions. They need suffer lit
tle, If any, financial loss by so doing, for
the inciease in consumption would com
pensate in largo measure for the unit
deciease. This Is true, however, only if
theie is a fair profit left after the reduc
tion. Just what is a Just return for tho
company, the limitations of its lease
being considered, Is a matter for export
investigation nnd cannot bo determined
offhand. Wo know that tho present can
dlepower tost for quality is obsolete
owing to tho uso of mantles for lighting
and the general uso of gas for cooking.
The heat test Is the modern test. Tho
object at ono time was to mako a gas
which would glvo a minimum heat and
a maximum light, but that is no longer
the goal. We know, too, that Improved
methods of gas-making hnve greatly ro
duced the production cost. If tho com
pany was ablo at tho tlmo of tho leaso
to see a profit ovontually in 75-cent gas,
in view of tho progress In manufacture it
is quite likely that It can seo now a profit
In gas at a still lower figure
It Is perfectly obvious, at any rate
that dollar gas la an anachronism and
must go. It is Just as obvious that all of
tho concessions must not bo mado by the
city. The Mayor, wo aro convinced,
should summon expert advice to guide
him in tho appropachlng negotiations,
Tho recent victory of the city in the eloc
trio light rates was convincing evidence
of tho fact that it pays tho municipal au
thorities to be as well fortified in their
knowledge of the facts as the company Is.
and thero are plenty of experts who can
bo called to the city's aid.
TUB J.B.V Or PTJiVA'SlXVA.VM
7fli; Itupl Ittlpl" ,
"Itlght drcsil" "Into Unci"
They've a stiffness of back that mere
Uhakl can't give ihem,
A set to their ciltn that spelts trouble
for foes,
Behind them the lute and the shriek of
tl. rn..
Itiltlnd them the lights and the roses of
home
The wives and the lice ones and all that
ii dear at
The clubs, and the shops and the sparkld
of Mine,
The blcsilngi, the comforts, the good
things of Peace-time
And memories fraught xtith allurements
of rase.
Behind them the cakes and the dainties
and truffles
Before them tho camp and, beyond that,
the foe.
"Hup I Ilupt" How they stream down the
street, ulth each rifle
Orim, compact and brown snuggled close
to the cheek;
And tho leather of sling and of shoes and
of holster
Well oiled and icell battered by practice
and litkc.
"Hupl Ilupl" They aro passing tftci;
pass they are gone,
And ice vacantly gaze at tho others
around us
The steccthcai ts, wet-cyed, and tho trim
man of business,
The cynical loafers. We gloomily ponder
And potter back, listless, to bench and
to last,
To lathe and to ledger, we, useless, unfit
ones
Whom Fate and the surgeon have gladly
passed by;
And we love and tie envy our betters in
khaki.
Who go, tolth our prayers and our
blessings,
Out yonder, A. A.
ORDERLY I Hop your horso nnd paul
rovoro up Massachusetts way; catch
Tony Blddlo, who is motoring around
thero somewhere, and tell him that hla
secretary, Mr. Jobborn, is a perfect gen
tlpman, but that a p. g. Is not the best
sort of Individual to leave In charge of
that Prepared Reglmont of his in these
needy times. Wo want 6omo of those
men. Reat it now! ' N. G. P.
24,
MOBILIZING
ilifl
,Mil
mmmmmmmEmfflmmmmmm
mmmmmmmMfamffl
ram vuiuii; uf thjh juui,jji!J
r.
IS said tho adertlslng men in our
midst aro looking around for a patron
saint. I nomlnato Samson. Ho took two
solid columns, remember, and he brought
down tho house.
WARWICK JAMES PRICE.
Dr. Macartney on the Marriage of Divorced Persons Plans for
Assisting in the Rehabilitation of France Other
Current Matters
LOVE PORTER got license No. D321 last
J month to run a motorcar in
Delaware. Tho scout who sends in tho
news suggests that tho gentleman was
probably living up to becomo Cupid's mes
senger In tlm'o for tho Juno weddln's.
T7ic street sounds to the soldiers' tread.
And out we troop to see:
A single redcoat turns his head,
He turns and looks at me.
My man, from sky to skifs so far.
We neicr crossed before;
Such leagues apart the world's" ends are,
"Il'e'rc like to meet no more;
What thoughts at heart have you and I
Wc cannot atop to tell;
But dead or living, drunk or dry,
Soldier, I wish you well.
A. E. IIOUSMAN.
From "A Shropshire Lad."
"TIIE ELEYENTII HOUR"
THAT Vorwaerts should print an article
against militarism is In itself not half
bo striking as the fact that tho article was
passed by the censor for both Internal and
foreign consumption. Equally Important
is the nature of Vorwaerts protest, which
is directed not against militarism as a
theory, but against the actual, woeful
failure of German militarism In ihe pres
ent war.
Tentatively, Vorwaerts suggests thaj
this war may prove that imperialism and
Its Jast word, war, have failed. The word
ing is vague, but the meaning is nil too
clear to Germans when Vorwaerts says;
It is certain that many will urge the
old objection against us that "the year
Ja full of Hweet wine." But we answer
with Peter, "Behold, these are not as
drunk as ye suppose"; for, unless we
are very much deceived, this is the
eleventh hour of this world catastrophe.
Translated Into military terms, this
means that the crops in Germany are not
so good a3 expected and that the actual
situation In the field has passed beyond
the critical state to the point where the
dissolution of the German forces can be
foreseen That has been the 'hopeful view
of Uie AlUea Blnoe the first week of Ver
dun. It may not yet be the opinion of
the German mllltariat, but It is becoming
the accepted and dominating idea, of the
(jtrruan popuiaca.
Sldo by side on a Mannyunk street we
find, so J. E. C. tells us:
I. Kara, E Stvalla
Meat Market.
Pure Milk and Cream.
Dear Tom Since the "First Thlnu In the
Morning" Is churklns grenades from Us editorial
trench lit the City Daiia nho are flvlni the
"speed demon" problem tho ubttent treatment.
why not hand out a few slams In o, o. d. paper?
Now, Luis, all tosetherl
ficnot! Scoot! you boob, Scootl
W hen you hear a Lizzie hoot.
Or 'tnlll bane you on the tallbourd an' dump
ou In the mud.
It will muss ou up a bit
Neer falls to mike a hit
When It whacks luur do?one carcass with a
tiurai In' thumpln' thud.
"T'aln t no use 10 rralie a, kick
To tl e pompom lookln' hick
Who Guides the stootln' Lizzie careinln' through
lh' street, 1
Tot, uhen all Is eald an' done,
He must hae hl-i bit of fun.
An' he flszers every Kordtess mortal hiker as
bis meat
Itut you might make a rail
un in" eu9 in Liiy 11a
An' bes of them to muzzle th
An'
On th' mita In Cltv Kail
01 mem 10 muzzie in wnoie cantanker
ous ingui
But I cuess It ain't no use.
For you d only get abuse
be called a rlkln' kicker by each Council,
manlo slob.
UELNtE.
Dear Tom Want through the telephone
book the other day looking for money.
Here Is what I found;
Farthing (Harry WO, Halfpenny (John),
Fenny (George F). Nickel 01. J.), Shilling
(Charles), Crown (James).
I looked for Dollars, but they had only
the small change. COS
THB thought of Secretary of War
Alger and the embalmed beef furnished
to the soldier lads in 1898 Is still fresh In
tho memories of many men. We had it
particularly In mind yesterday as, with
napkin tucked Into our collar, we consid
ered how delicious was the luncheon be
fore us compared with what the lata who
go down to the border will be getting in
their pannikins. The thought made us
ashamed, and we, 'resolved that eo long
as this war may endure we will curb our
Interest in the pleasures of the table,
True, this vow did nqt come to us until
our trencher was empty and after George
C. Watspn, whp. had stopped to watch us
licking our chops, remarked:
"When I was raising cattle beasts in
Aberdeenshire all the young calves who
proved themselves to be ovtrgood at feed
ing were the firet to be killed," v
This Department Is tree to all readers mho
tvlsh to express their opinions on subjects of
current interest. It is an open forum, and the
Evening Ledger assumes no responsibility for
the vietvs of its correspondents.
DR. MACARTNEY'S DENIAL
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir In nn nftornoon paper of Wednes
day, June 21, there appeared an article stat
ing that a Ml Moore and a Mrs. Smith, of
Philadelphia, tho latter having Just 24 hours
beforo been granted a dUorco from her hus
band, wpro to be married by the "Rev. Mr.
Macartney." These persons came to mo
and requested me to marry them. Thl3
I refused to do, the Presbyterian Church
having enjoined Its ministers to marry only
the Innocent party In divorce cases nnd
where tho action has been brought on the
grounds of the Scripture; that Is, adultery
or desertion. This action was not on such
grounds I do not know a1io married theso
persons, nor do I pars Judgment on the
clergyman who did. But slnco I refused
to do so. nnd havo never married any per
sons under such conditions, I feel that a
grave Injustice has been dono to mo and
that this falsa nrtlclo misrepresents both
mo nnd tho great church which I have the
honor to servo. I shall appreciate your
courtesy in giving space to this letter, for
the performance of such a ceremony of
marrlago Is not in keeping with my con
ception of the duty and dignity of a Pres
bytorlan minister.
CLARENCE EDWARD MACARTNEY.
Philadelphia, June 23,
PROGRESSIVE ILLUSION
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir I cannot help but wonder what Mr.
Bomberger Is thinking of tho answer you
gave him that Mr, noosevelt Is going to
Indorse Mr. Hughes Monday, etc.
However, I can Imagine the feelings of
Mr. Bomberger, knowing how, If it had
been tho other wny, I would havo felt. It
is noticeable he is not shouting the name of
T. R. from the housetops as he did
before, but conrtning himself to the Pro
gressive party only Mr, Bomberger should
have known that one Roosevelt man has
always made moro nolsa than ten antis.
And while it, of course, will not be the
polity of the Republic in campaigners to
rub It in, which would be unwise, never
theless, I cannot refrain from reiterating
what I have contended from the beginning
and heard on every side, that the Progres
sive party was "still-born" and that Mr.
RooBovelt would never get what Washing
ton refused, Jefferson wouldn't have and
Grant couldn't get. Anu who among those
fanatics in the Auditorium at Chicago would
have refused to crown Teddy Emperor of
the Kingdom of America If such would
have been in their power? Certainly not
"HI" Johnson, Victor Murdock or William
Allen White. However, you will find them
back In tho G. O. P. In November with
their first lord and chief eating humble
pie. He "stood at Armageddon and battled
for the Lord" in 1912 and expected to
swallow the whole Republican party; but
happily, and certainly most luckily, the
mole did not swallow the mountain.
Mr. Bomberger in trying to Bay the same
old bunk about "tho popular will was once
moro scouted by the samo obnoxious bunch
of buccaneers who stolo the convention In
1912" irtually puts himself In a class all
by himself In tho United States this year.
In your samo Issue containing Mr. Bam
berger's letter. In the lower right-hand cor
ner, is nn oxtract from tho Springfield
(Mass.) Republican, an independent paper,
which tells the story In a few words: "Tho
radical democratic movemont In American
politics has, for tho time being, spent Its
organized force It began with Bryan and
ended with Rooseelt. Tho Progressive
party is virtually a memory, and Bryan In
tho Democratic party is at the hopeless
nadir of his Influence "
Roosovelt, as I havo always said, stole
much or Bryan's thunder. You remember
"Shall tho people rule?"
Yes, tho Hon. Charles Evans Hughes is
progressive, as his record as Governor of
New York testifies. But ho 3 a respecter
of the Constitution, tho bulwark of tho Re
public, as his speeah In 1908, published In
tho Eve.vihq LEDonn boforo the nomination
nnd copied some days later by other Phila
delphia papers, shows. Ho recognizes tho
fact that tho great United States cannot bo
governed a kx "tho town meeting." That
kind of stuff was good enough during some
part of tho history of ancient Greece, when
they held their elections by ncclarr.atlon, so
to speak, on tho public squares. But
not now I H. M. B.
Philadelphia, Juno 22.
PCANS TO HELP FRANCE
To the Editor of Evening Ledger:
Sir Under the title "U. S. Will Help
Franco nebulld Ruined Industries," you
published (April IS) an article In which it
was Bald that a commission, under the
auspices of the United States Government,
would leave for France on the first of this
month, to assist French Industry in distress
by organizing such aid as the situation
demanded.
Having been unable to get any precise
information, slnco the publication of the
article in the Evenjko LEnosn, on tho
actual status of this Important action, tho
undersigned, who desires to tako active part
In the undertaking, takes the liberty of ap
pealing to your kindness In order to receive
some definite Information concerning the
present condition of the American Commis
sion and the date of its departure for
Europe
Awaiting a favorable acknowledgment
of this request, the undersigned has the
honor to present you his most sincere
respects.
JOSEPH HELLMER.
Anclen Negociant a Paris.
Philadelphia, June 20.
Tho American Manufacturers' Export As
sociation, of 180 Broadway, New York, has
charge of the matter. The secretary of the
association writes: "This association is now
completing the organization of an American
Industrial Commission to vialt France. For
reasons existing on both sides the sailing
date of the commission has been postponed
until about August 1. It is expected that
a. full announcement of the personnel of the
commission can be made In the near fu
ture." Editor of Evenino Lbdoer.
What Do You Know?
Ouerfcs of gencrat interest wilt is anaioercd
this column. Ten questions, the answers to
which evcru well-informed tenon should know,
aro diked datlv.
QUIZ
nwl with
army?
.1. Whnt ts mennt bv "brevet" n
reference to promotion- In tli
2. lVlmt nre tho sjnoptlr Gospels?
.1. What Is the Iurccst rlty in Smith America?
4. In rrrrnt American rnlltlcal lilKtory, how
did the expression, "I Mltdi he mold be
knocked Into 11 rocked hat," originate?
5. Can the salary of Jurices bo reduced during
their term of office
0. T.onrr California. Mexican State, on
noimrci nrutrnlltr. Why do it" Inhabi
tants ft el free to take nn Independent
lourhe?
7. What Is a tableland?
fl. Who was tho Cld Comprador?
0. What Is cork?
10. Who 1 Collector of the I'ort of Philadelphia?
WILSON ON MEXICAN WAR
Watchful waiting may have come to
President Wilson as a result of his studies
in American history. In his "History of
the American People" ha condemns with
out reservation the Mexican War of 1IM,
Ho is impressed 1 with the "fine fighting,"
but far more wflh the "inexcusable aggrea
elon" which characterized the war,
It la very strange that the historian Wil
son criticises an act which was virtually
duplicated by the President Wilson. That
is. acting first and telling Cengresi after,
ward. President Wilson did it. under great
provocation, in the Vpra Cru Incident, He
refers in his history with veiled disapproval
and sardonic humor to the way in whieh
President Polk, acting on Insufficient Infor
matlon, caused Congress to believe that war
was actually on before he knew It was on.
and Informed Congress that he had already
sent General Zachary Taylor lata battlr
War, according to tnB history Indeed ex
Uted, but Congress was no longer at lib
erty to inquire by who8 et"! was placed
In the rather humiliating position of having
to vote supplies and men. In short, Polk
made Congress the cashier without a vote.
In his opinion that the Mexican War was
without honor for this country, except mill,
tary honor, President Wilson Is not alone.
General Grant, who was Jn It, said that hn
felt from beginning to end that war was
not the only, not the best way out of the
difficulty, Both pay tribute to the fighting
quality of the Mexicans, President Wil
son, In fact says that the Mexicans were
aa brave and as high-spirited as the Ameri
cans, who were Irresistible. The hU(orian
also mentions an event which may prove
prophetic. There was no idea when the
Mexican War broke out of conquering the
Immense territory from Oregon to the Gila
River, but the Jegtc of events made that
poulble and the territory passed Into the
hands of the United States. Reading tiat
In connection with what may come of the
prtsent war, which, confessedly, is only n
tended to keep Mexico, straight, one may
speculate concerning the next freak of fet
the neJtt logical move.
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1. A direct tot la one which Is chimed directly
on the taxpayer from whoso Income It Is
Kiippo-fd to ho tnkpn: nn Indirect tax Is
regarded lis one which tho person who
VttMi It will pass on to hamD one else,
who In turn passes It on, and ho on.
2. "Itlo (.rondo Ither" Is Incorrect, beennse
"rlo" means "rher."
3. ArBrntlnn. llrnzlt nnd Chill wero the "A B
C" l'ottcrs which wert- mediators In our
Mexlcun troubles of 1011.
i. The Mexican flair Is nf trrtlcal hars of green,
white iiiid rid. with tho national arms on
the white bur.
0. "Mosquito licet": composed of small craft.
Mibiiiurlnrs, ilcstrojers, etc.
0. "Man 1'rlday": Koblnson Crusoe's body
tenant.
7. l'cntitruch: first (lie books of the Old Testa
ment. H, Muftll civilian clothes.
0. Naimlcon I. first used the phrase "perfidious
Albion." '
10, Properties on the ocean extend to low-water
mark.
The First Ferryboat
The first ferryboat to run between Brook
lyn and New York started Its service in
1814, as was stated In this column re
cently. Captain Paul C. Doersan writes
that a ferry service was started botween
New York and Jersey City In 1812, and
says: "The ilrst ferryboat was built by Rob
ert Fulton and was finished on July 2,
1812, nnd made her first trip between New
York city nnd Jersey Citv on Jniv 17. mi?
It required about 15 minutes each way to
make tho trip Her name was Jersey,
man. She was SO feet long and 30 feet
beam Sha was made practically of two
boats, each measuring 80 by 10 feet, and
there was 10 feet space between the hulls,
where the machinery nnd the propelling
waterwheel were Installed This boat was
btillt in the same way at both ends, having
two rudders, one at each end, and sho never
turned about, but Just ran back and forth
the same as the present-day ferryboats. Sho
was in sen ice for quite a number of years
between these two cities."
Tho Hanseatic League
D. S. A. The Hanseatic League was, the
first trader union. It was established in the
twelfth century by certain cities of northern
Germany for their mutual prosperity and
protection. The Diet, which used to "be held
every three years, was called the Hunsa
and the members of it Hansards, The
league in Its prosperity comprised 8& towns.
It declined rapidly In tho Thirty Years
War, In 168? pnly six cities were repre
sented and the last three members of the
I'ff i"anurf. Rebeck and Bl.emer,J
Joined the German Customs Unions Jn
Hydroaeroplanes
. Bil!X ?l 'Th,at Do You -Knoi" Who
Invented the hydroaeroplane and who da
veloped it? q, rj. y.
The Idea of the hydroaeroplane was sug.
ff3.te?. ? p.ai?nt "PesIHcatfons by Hugo
Matullath, of New York, in 1899, but It had
practical origin with Glenn jSurtlss. who
added Hosts to the aeroplane, w" Twhlch
h?waaJtxcwlnMntlnB over Lake Keuka in
1908. These were placed under each wine,
so that in case of accident thrmachlne
would not sink. Langley anal ""5
'made their experimental flints wer bodies
of water 'for like reasons," .probably the
first to make the Boats an integral part of
hla machine was Fabre. who, on March 28,
mo, made the first flight w th a practloa
hydroaeroplane at Martlgnes oa the i Se ne
Curtlas soon abandoned, flpata and biSit
" WUajn for this a?5m"llhm?n
he received the Aero rinh .!:", Jr".!?"
pay in 1911. . uv-
SOME MEXICAN
INCONGRUITIES
Caste Prei'udiffxj oi
Mixed Ponulatin,, " M i
Pride and the CrazeTr '
Progress 1
Mexico, with Irrigation and in .
development, could "utSort J1"
illation greater than that .!.. ..""P
States, Domo say twice a8 -jT? "4
has barely 16,000,000 inlkbltanV a U
rltory roughly similar In size and .v"r'
to that part of this cduntrv !t ".haf
Mississippi from New Orleans wt,, "'
and a line drawn northeast fm . ul
to Lako Erlo is occupied by f.l,,"
sons than thero are In New York
Pennsylvania. Tho Inhabitants 5
divided into three divlslons-tM n. U
Spanish descent, those of combined rl
pcan and native races, and th ,
blooded Indians. tht '
Theso 'baio facts would In themseh-,,
to any thoughtful person, explain ml
of tho social and political trntiht.. ..
"Tr.-einn Arid in t1inv. u - . .. . t
of tho 0,000,000 Indians havo all C ,
noranco and somlcivlllzed vices' of the l'
dlans who slow Custer and Ufa men and
few of tho saVago virtues of prlmiuv,
Indians; that they nro dominated br 1
class that by race and Instinct Ukei
aristocratic Ideas for granted and own,
most of tho land, and that botween th
two thero Is a mixed race composed 0
all gradations of mixed blood and a pr
to nil tho vicious casto feelings which Z
with tho sensitiveness and exaggerated 1
iniuo 01 muDu who are not pure blood
In a country whoro puro blood counts for
so much, nnd you have what ia more 111,
a caldron than a melting pot
Tho puro whlto stock is probably not
moro than 10 por cont. of tho whole, win,
tho mestizos, or mixed race, are about
half tho population. Tho upper chsj
Mexicans, llko tho Peruvians and other
Spanish-Americans, pride themselvm m
tholr unmixed whlto descont and strhs 1
to prcservo tnis condition. This la Uj
"color lino," and tho term "Indlo" still n.
presses something of contempt, notwtth- I
standing tho ract that some of the prom,
inent men of Mexico's history have been ?
drawn from the mestizo class, and in U 1
caso of Juarez from pure aboriginal vl
stocic. in oruinary times tho foreign el
mont numbers about 00,000, Bpanlanli
predominating with about 16,000 and
Americans numbering about 16,000. Th
British number nbout 3000, the French
about 4000 and tho Germans 3000.
I"
vr
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ta
Hi
t
t
A People in the Making
Tho mestizos shade off into tho peoa
class, in which most of tho Indians are
tho great working class. Tho peons live
by BUfforanco upon thD soil which wai
wrested from their forebears by the white
men. Enormous landed estates aro held
indeed, In Chihuahua tho largest single
estate In tho world exists. The popula
tion on tho soil scarcely reaches 20 per
sons to the square mile, principally rural
or Inhabiting small towns, nnd there ll
nmplo room therefore for expansion la
every locality.
Tho Mexican character must be
summed up as that of a people In the
making. Imagine a United States cl
America In which tho mulattoes, quad
roons, octoroons nnd negroes formed JO
per cent, of tho population. There U n
analogy to bo drawn botween the Iodna
and negro stock in this application of
tho principle beyond tho obscfrifloa of
ethnologists that tho offspring of Merest
races nro an unstablo and incomplete
factor. And this ia stamped on the tt
ago Mexican physiognomy, Somettaea
a high intelligence runs riot and ia
idealism untempered by sobriety perhapi
in ono man will bo some of the best Mood
in Europe mingled with the ferocity of
tho Apache. But such things mart a
people not decadent, but evolving'.
Tho upper-class Mexican is a Jftll
educated man of tho world. HH weaM
has permitted him to be educated abroad,
preferably in Paris, that Mecca of Bpan-ish-Amorlcans.
The Mexican geaikrflin
Is courteous nnd punctilious, gives rnucb.
nttnviHnn in itr(.cq nnrl fteremOnV. Olid the
frock coat and high silk hat form Mi la-
dlspcnsablo dress whenever possible. The I
Mexican shares the spirit of hospitality of .
other Spanish-Americans and has a chl ,J
alrous idealism which approaches yuuw j
ism. Trembling on the verge of t .
mrai Ma nviu InnV toward thO 'Spain 0 j
his ancestors, and the fact that.bfs pride
is pointedly shown to be in some WPC'' J
mere vanity in view of his many -only
makes that pride moro imperious.
tt ia thia vint miip Oirranza, for in
stance, a man of the old Spanish sto& j
hato tho "gringoea." Mexicans, of MJW j
really think they ara the superior c
Americans, and that they cannoi j ,,
by facts only increases' their seniiuvi ,
vanity.
Craze for "Progress"
mi j, m .im hoir nDDearan'
llit'nu 11.1110 1.1....W ..-.. ww .
tho characteristic Mexican PIT
and grandiloquence. He is no co
to call himself a progressive or f
servatlvo he must call himself a - m
tiflrn." n. scientific man. He does B
speak of improvement. , b .to. ' W
no musi SDeait 01 um -- -- - ...
progress" whenever a cornerstone
Knowledge Is aUvays "profound W
edge." Tnero eomemit .
be learned from this. Many are aiw
now, "How can puny Mexico dare W
moment to think of defying us? w
many R HM said the same tWrf
Bpain. jjui prouu aj-u". th0
Spanish Mexico, ten times Pr0U",',fflcaJ
Spain and on, the whole a more n
militarv nroDOsltion for US, l F' . -
In character In defying us. i
We hear much of ''semicmu- j
lco," Yet It is a fact that tho ;v
Mexican is possessed w " tv'r rj th
sire to be considered a 'f11, jLr.
1 1.1.1.1.. i.,m.rl nation In AMr"?
This feverish spirit 5
where there aro no roads, electno
n streets where mere - bufliBH
pretentious loomm. -s" been'"
Where solid stone should have ' "Tj
ployed. And under v jr"", tMj
arc, at night, or Phu!"l.Mrlur S
new white stucco wan 01 " " nftj
gienlo Institution or art gallery, rm
the incongruous figure or 'no J. M
and sandaled Indian, Ignorant j
erty-strlcken.
in 1
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