..iiTiT I' Ill I t.iuf n i a-.iip.ini.- .iiu ,i. minimi I 11 I I I 'mi i il.i I I, i J '" ' 1 li l M I ' 'mil H ,
Sf.
ims i
l;-n.-ni tf furn.
mmibmrs &ote to Berlin
(Wi-piHUM Jffom tii . Edition or Yetetdjr Knln T.edcr)
WASHINGTON, April 20.
FoUowln fa Ihe full text of President Wilson's note to Ger-
Te era instructed lo deliver to the Secretary of Portion Affairs a com
JiktttaHfo feadlna a folloxesi
t tW net fall to transmit immediately, iy telegraph, to mv Government vour
Wiled or injured nbout 80 of the persons
on board (Dcclnrntlort of Captain Mouf
fetlj report of Ttear Admiral draosot: de
position of Henry S Beer). At the time
no other veeael was In eight (Affidavits
of Samuel F. Bemle, T. W. Culbertson,
John II. Heariey and others).
The approach ol the torpedo wan wit
neseed by several other pereons on the vea
eel. (Affidavits of Samuel F. Hernia, Henry
8. Beer, Gertrude W. Warren). One of
these, an American citizen named Henry
8. Beer, was leaning on the port rait, nbout
Smith's reports,- cabled April i, t and IS )
The screw used In French and English
torpedoes have no markings i and are of
nble by comparison and close examina
tion to positively Identify and locata all
the remaining- IS pieces of metal as parts
of a German torpedo, as follows;
Fragment 8, part of Inner seat of water
relief valve of engine vahe.
Fragments 4 and 5, punto bands of en
glno room casing.
Fragments 6 to 10 Inclusive and 13,
parts or engine cylinders.
bo thus dealt wth, and yet it hA repeatedly permitted lta undersea commanders
to disregard those assu nnces with entire Impunity. As recently as February last
It gvo notice that it would regard all armed merchantmen owned by its enemies
as part of tho armed naval forces of lta adversaries, and deal with them as with
men-of-war, thus, nt .east by implication, pledging Itself to give warning to ves
sels which were not armed and to accord security of life to their passengers and
crews; but even this limitation their submarine commanders have recklessly
Ignored. '
Vessels of neutral ownership, even vessels of neutral ownership bound from
neutral port to neutral port, havft been destroyed along with vessels of belligerent
t m im uu to iranjmii tmmcnioreiK, oy icrejropi iu my uuihiuhvh. . -- - - - a. ueer, was leaning on mo port ran, aooui
wefenc1' H6M of the Mh Instant in repard to certain attacks IV dcrman ownership in constantly Increasing numbers. Sometimes the merchantmen . 10 fe6t bahlnd the br,dK8 ftnd ga2lng sea.
-J i.jf- .... j . n..j. ...f-kirtM tTMh mm HliacHOU llliVU uuuii ai ucu uitu ouiiiiiiuiicu iw ouuuiiufci wa.uu vviiin auv wu w wni wiiuii no ouw liiu huuiuuuiiiiik iui-
Ke note, the honor to dettver. under instrucilon from mv Government, the security of being allowed to lake to tho ships boats before the ship was sent to jmmedlatcIy f0n0Wn(t nU, exclamation i warhead Btlll bearing the distinctive red
hMmritin rentu tr. ,in t.n,. the bottom. But again ana agair no warning nas Deen given, no escape oven 10 , the missile struck tho vessel. (Depo'sitlons paint common to German torpedo war-
i the ship's boats allowed to those on board. Great liners like the Lusluinla and or Henry s. Beer and Mrs. Henry
T Information now in the possession Of the Government 01 tne Arabic and mere passei ger boats llko the Sussex have been attacked without a "
' Ihiitftrf Status fnlUr nataMSalmo fk nl in Min rnon nf flip Sua- moment's warning orten berorl they nave even oecomo awaro mat inoy were
- ,A .. (i-.- .v . , r . -. 1 ,1. i-Am in tlie presence of an armed ship of tho enemy, and the lives of non-combatants,
, Mtt, And the inferences which my Government hus drawn from and crew havo been ae9troycd wholesale, and in a manner which tho
WWt lntormfttion it regards as Confirmed by the Circumstances set Government of tho United States cannot but regard as wanton and without tho
forth in youi Excellency's "note of the 10th instant. On the 24th slightest color or justification. No limit of any kind has, in fact, been sot to the
hf Mnrnh 101R nu..l o,rn i i. i- , nftnnnn ttm nn i indlscrlmlnato pursuit and destruction of merchantmen of nil kinds and nation-
01 March, 1916, at about 2 :50 o'clock in the afternoon, the un- (UUm wJlhn th0 wators wWch ,he Imperla, Government has chosen to designate
armed steamer Sussex, with 325 or more passengers on board, a8 ying within the soat of war. The roll of Americans who have lost their lives
mong Whom Were a number of American citizens. Was torpedoed upon ships thus attaoked and destroyed has grown, month by month, until tho
While crossing from Folkestone to Dieppe. The Sussex had never om,noua toU haa ountta ,n tho hundreds.
Men armed ; was a- vessel known to be habitually used only for Pntlcncc of the United States at an End
a slightly different sire. (Same reports)! slon was reached that the submarine was
Furthermore, the American officers were submerged from the fact "that no one on
S.
the conveyance of passengers across the English Channel, and
was not following the route taken by troop ships or supply Bhips.
About 80 of her passengers, noncombatants of all ages and sexes,
including citizens of the United States, were killed or injured.
The Sussex Torpedoed by n Gcrmnn Submarine
A careful, detailed and scrupulously impartial investigation
by naval and military officers of the United States hus conclusively
established the fact that the Sussex was torpedoed without warn
ing or summons to surrender and that the torpedo by which she
was struck was of German manufacture.
In the view of the Government of the United States, these
facts from the first made the conclusion that the torpedo was
fired by a German submarine unavoidable. It now considers that
conclusion substantiated by the statements of your Excellency's
note. A full statement of the facts upon which the Government
of the United States has based its conclusion is inclosed.
The Government of tho United Stntes, after having given enrcful con
sideration to tho note of the Imperinl Government of the 10th of April,
regrets to state that the impression mndc upon it by the statements nnd
proposals contained in that note is that the Imperinl Government has failed
to appreciate the gravity of the situation which has resulted, not alone from
the attack on tho Sussex, but from the whole method and character of sub
marine warfare as disclosed by the unrestrained practice of the commanders
of German undersea craft during the last 12 months and more in the indis
criminate destruction of merchant vessels of all sorts, nationalities nnd
l destinations.
.
If the sinking of tho Sussex had been an isolated case, the Government
of the United States might find it possible to hope that the officer who was
responsible for that act had wilfully violated his orders or had been criminally
negligent in taking none of the precautions they prescribed and that the
ends of justice-" might be satisfied by imposing upon him an adequate punish
ment, coupled with a formal disavowal of the act and payment of a suitable
indemnity by the Imperial Government. But, though the attack upon the
Sussex was manifestly indefensible and caused a loss of life so tragical as
to make it stand forth as one of the most terrible examples of tho inhumanity
of submarine warfare as tho commanders of German vessels arc conducting
it, it unhappily docs not stand alone.
Deliberate Spirit of Destruction
On the contrary, the Government of the United States is forced by recent
events to conclude that it is only one instance, even though one of the most
extreme and most distressing instances, of the deliberate method and spirit
of indiscriminate destruction of merchant vessels of all sorts, natlonalitlcr
and destinations, which have become more and more unmistakable as tho
activity of German undersea vessels of war has in recent months been
quickened and extended.
The Imperial Government will recall that when, in February, 1915, it
announced its intentions of treating the waters surrounding Great Britain
and Ireland as embraced within the seat of war, and of destroying all mer
chant ships owned by its enemies that might be found within tliat zono of
danger, and warned all vessels, neutral as well as belligerent, to keep out
of the waters thus proscribed, or to enter them at their peril, the Government
of tho United States earnestly protested. It took the position that such a
policy could not be pursued without constant gross and palpable violations
of the accepted laws of nations, particularly if submarine craft were to be
employed as its instruments, inasmuch as the rules prescribed by that law,
rules founded on tho principles of humanity and established for the pro
tection of the lives of noncombatants at sea, could not in the nature of the
case be observed by such vessels.
It based its protest on the ground that persons of neutral nationality and
vessels of neutral ownership would be exposed to extreme and intolerable
risks and that no right to close nny part of the high seas could lawfully be
asserted by the Imperial Government in tho circumstances then existing.
The law of nations in these matters, upon which the Government of the United
States based that protest, is not of recent origin or founded upon merely
arbitrary principles set up by convention. It is based, on the contrary, upon
manifest principles of humanity, nnd has long been established,- with the
approval and by the express assent of all civilized nations.
Promise of Precautions Not Fulfilled
The Imperial Government, notwithstanding, persisted in carrying- out the
policy announced, expressing the hope that the dangers involved, at any rate to
neutral vessels, would be reduced to a minimum by the Instructions which it had
issued to tho commanders of ito submarines, and assuring the Government of
the United States that it would take every posslblo precaution, botli to respect
the rights of neutrals and to safeguard the lives of non-combatants.
In pursuance of this policy of submarine warfare against the commerce of
lta adversaries, thus" announced and thus entered upon, dc-jpite the solemn pro
test of the Government of the United States, tho commanders of the Imperial
Government's undersea vessels have carried on practices' of ruthless destruc
tion, which have made It more and more evident, as the months have gone by,
tliat the Imperial Government lias found It Impracticable to put any sucli re
Biralnts upon them as It had hoped and promised to put.
Again and again the Imperial Government has given its solemn assurances
to tho Government of the United States that at least passenger ships would not
Tho Government of tho Unltod States has been very patient. At every stage
of this distressing experience of tragedy after tragedy it has sought to he gov
erned by the most thoughtful consideration of the extraordinary circumstances
of nn unprecedented war nnd to bo guided by sentiments of very genuine friend
ship for tho peoplo nnd Government of Gormany. It has accepted the successive
explanations and assurances of tho Imperial Government as, of course, given In
entlro sincerity and good faith, and has hoped, even against hope, that It would
provo to be posslblo for tho Imperial Government so to order and control tho'j
acts of Its naval commanders ns to squaro Its policy with tne recognized prin
ciples of humanity as cmbodteJ In tho law of nations. It has mado every
allowance for unprecedented conditions, nnd haa been willing to wait until tho
facts became unmistakable and were susceptlblo Of only one Interpretation.
It now owes It to a Just retard for Its own rights to Bay to tho Imperial
Government that that time has come. It has becomo painfully evident to It
that tho position which It took rt tho very outset Is inevitable, namely, tho use
of submarines for tho destruction of nn enemy's commerce, Is, of necessity, be
cause of tho very character of tho vesels employed and tho very methods of
attack which tholr employment, of course, Involves, utterly Incompatible with tho j stalomcnt that tho essel was swinging
principles of humanity, tho long-established and Incontrovertible rights of nou- ."rnck ay t0r"ed
trals and tho sacred immunities of noncombatants. I The pieces of metal which tho American
If It la stttUtho purpose of tho Imporlal Government to prosecute relentless olllccrs had collected wcro compared by
and indlscrlmlnato warfare agalnnt vessels of commerce by tho use of submarines j L'l?"!;'"1. s.m,1'!: VL?"Ilh.C"?"lal!.ieV
. ... . . ..... a..- i, . t .1 TTU..1 a.. ..... (.1 !. :"-"-- " J -',.... "in luiHsn wiu
WlUlOUl regard lO WOai mo uuvorjliuuiil ui mu uiuiuu oiuicn muoi v;uuoiut;i iuu
sacred and lndisputabla rules of international law and tho universally recognized
dictates of humanity, tho Government of the United States is at last forced
to the conclusion that there Is but one courso It can pursue.
Unless tho Imperial Government should now Immediately dorlare and effect
an abandonment of Its present methods of submarine warfnro ngaiust passenger
and freight-carrying vessels, the Go eminent of tho United Stales ran hno no
cholco but to sever diplomatic relations with the German'' Empiro altogether.,
This action the Government of tho United States contemplates with tho greatest
reluctanco, but fcols constrained to take In behalf o humanity nnd tho rights of
neutral nations
SIIAnP CHANOH IN COUnSH.v
In further corroboration of the fact thaf
tho captain eaw tho torpedo coming
toward tho vessel Is the sworn statement
of the engineers on duty that the order
to port the helm and tn stnn thi 'nr
board engine was received and obeyed.
(lieport or Admiral arasset,) No riason
nble explanation can be given for Uils
unusual order other than that tho cap
tnln saw something which caused him to
change his course Bharplyt to starboard.
In addition to this evidence, which
would Ih Itself appear to be conclusive,
that tho agent of destruction was n tor
pedo Is that of Lieutenant Smith, United
States Navy, attached to the American
HmbaBsy at Paris, who, accompanied by
Major Logan, United States Army, of
the KmbaBsy, went to Boulogne, Inspected
tho hull of the Sussex and personally
found beneath the mass or water-soaked
debris or the wreck 1G pieces of metal,
which thoy retained In their possession, as
they did not bellcvo tho pieces formed
part of the vessel.
The Inspection of the hull disclosed
that tho vcsel was wrecked by an ex
ternal explosion, tho boilers being Intact,
nnd that a short distance forward of I In1
bridge was a largo dent, showing thit
the vessel had received a heavy blow, tho
direction of Impact being from nbaft the
beam along n line at an ncuto anglo with
the keel or tho vessel (Hcport or Lieu
tenant Smith, cabled April 1 ) This evi
dence) coincides with and corroborates tho
APPENDIX SHOWS SUSSEX
HIT WITHOUT WARNING
The appendix to tho note, undor tht
caption. "Statement or Tacts In Sussex
Caso Accompanying Note to German Gov
ernment or April 18, 1916," follows"
The French Channel steamer Sussex,
employed regularly In passenger servlco
between tho ports ot Fqlkstone. England,
and Dieppe. Trance, as It hail been ror
years (French Foreign Olllco), loft Tolko
stone Tor Dieppo at 1 25 p m , March 24,
1916, with 326 or more passengers and a
crew of S3 men (Declaration or Captain
Mouftett, Hoar Admiral Grasset's report).
Tho passengers, among whom wero about
25 American cltlxens (telegram London
Embassy. March 25, nnd Paris Embassy,
March 26 and 28), wero ot seoral na
tionalities and many of them wcro women
and children, and nearly hair of them sub
jects of neutral States (Report of Com
mander Sayles and Lieutenant Smith;
Roar Admiral Grasset's report), Tho Sus
sex carried no armament (French Foreign
OfHce; report of Commander Sayles and
Lieutenant Smith; aflldalts at American
passongers) has never been employed as
a troop ship, and was following a routo
not used for transporting troops from
Great Britain to France. (British Ad
miralty statement; French Foreign
Office).
STEAMED SOUTH ON SMOOTH SEA.
The steamer proceeded on Its courso al
most due south after passing Dungencss.
(Declaration of Captain Mouftett). Tho
weather was clear and the sea smooth.
(Amdavlts of Edna Hale. John II. Hear
iey, Gertrude W. Warren) At 2:50 p. m ,
when the Sussex was about 13 miles from
Dungeness f declaration or Captain Mouf
rett), the u.ptaln of the vessel, who was
on tho bridge, saw about 150 metres Trom
tho ship, on the port side, tho wake of a
torpedo (Declaration of Captain Mouf-
fctt) It wns nlBo Hcen ery clearly by i tho American olllccrs found that Identical
tho (lrst oulcer nnd tho bontswaln, who , screws with the letter "It" and a number
plans or mines In possession of tho Trench
naal authorities nt Boulogne, Itochefort
and Toulon, and British naval authori
ties at Portsmouth These olllccrs nri
positive In their opinion that theso ploces
ot metal wero nbt Carts or a mine. (Re
port or Lieutenant Smith, cabled April
2 and 6)
GERMAN MARKS ON BOLTS.
Among these 16 pieces or nietnl wcro
two screw bolts showing the effects or an
explosion which wero .stamped with "It"
and "66" on fnces of tho head of one
nnd "K" and "58" on faces of tho head
of tho other Exnmlnlng German tor
pedoes In tho possession of tho Trench
naal authorities at Toulon and of the
i;ngusn naal authorities nt Portsmouth,
wcro with tho captain on tho bridge. (Ro-
port of Rear Admiral Grasset).
Immediately tho captain gavo orders to
port the helm and stop tho starboard en
gine (declaration or Cnptaln Mouftett),
mo purpose Being to swing the vessel to i
starboard so as to dodge tho torpedo by
allowing It to pass along tho port bow
on a lino converging with tho altered
course of the steamer. Before, however,
tho vessel could bo turned far enough to
nold crossing tho courso of tho torpedo,
the latter struck the hull at an anglo a
short distance forward of tho bridge, ex
ploded, destroyed tho entire forward part
of the steamer as far back as tho first
watertight bulkhead, carried away tho
foremast with tho wlroless antennao and
wcro employed to fasten the "warhead"
(kopf) to the air chamber. (Lieutenant
Union Addressing Company
Ludlow illdB.,J4 blL6th St.
loriucrly of 12iu4llnrrlim llulldlnx)
lloll phnncjf-l.orunt IH4
Siily, ArruratD J-rnlrr nt Modtr.it
f'nt f (tr Uilrw.
heads. (Renort of Lieutenant Smith.
cabled April 6), i
In view of theso authenticated facts
therft can be no reasonable.doubt that tho
Sussex was torpedoed and that the torpedo
was of German manufacture. As no
vessel was seen by any person on tho
Sussex, the conclusion Is- Irresistible that
tho torpedo was launched without warning
from n submarine which was submerged
at' the time of tho attack and remained
benenth the surface after the explosion.
Tho conclusion thus reached from tho
evldenco (tho affidavits being those of
American citizens) collected by the De
partment of State Is substantiated by tho
statement In the Imperial Government's
note of April 10, 1916. According to those
statements:
(a) A German submarine torpedoed a
steamer l',4 miles southeast of Bull Rock
Bank.
Department's comment tho point of
attack Is exactly In the courso which was
taken by tho Sussex after passing Dunge
ness and about Hi miles from tho ptaco
whero tho captain of the Sussex states
ho was torpedoed. 1
(10 Tho attack took place at 8:CG
o'clock p m , Central European tlmo.
Department's comment -3:56 b. m.
Central European tlmo would correspond
to 2:C5 p, m Western European tlmo.
Tho tlmo of tho striking of tho torpedo,
nccordlng to the captain of the Sussex,
and tho stopping of tho clocks on board
tho vessel, was 2:60 p. m Western time.
WRECKED IN SAME FASHION.
(c) Tho torpedo, when It stru;k, caused"
an explosion which torn away tho wholo
foreshlp up to tho brldgo.
Departments' comment Tho forepart
of the Sussex was wrecked as far back
ns tho flret water-tight bulkhead, accord
ing to the official reports.
(d) Tho German submarlno wns sub
merged when tho torpedo was launched,
and there Is no statement that it camd
to the surface after the attack.
fDecartment's comment Tho conolu-
the Sussex saw a submarine though the
weather was fine.
(e) No warning wa eflven and no at
tempt was made to give one, since it is
not mentioned.
Department's comment The evidence
collected shows affirmatively no warning
was glton.
(f) A sketch by the submarine com
mander of the dteamer, which he tor
pedoed, does not agree with a photograph
of the Sussex In tho London Graphic.
tDepnrtmenfs comment This sketch
wns apparently made from memory of nn
observation of tho vessel through a perl
rcope. An the only difference noted by
the iommander, who rolled do, his memory,
were the position of the smokestack and
the shape of the stem, It Is to bo pre
sumed tho vessels were similar In other
respects.
(g) No other German submarines on
that day attacked steamers in that local
ity. ,
- tll
,S"
ByBetviCQ
nmshaw
A ttln.X
lfn,nV,Lin WVh
.. "k nann,
rt,.". ""J'pe
"anntnrr .
nt .L "'
- "icUre
. A'Ai
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IJCh m-.j-
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9MedZ,jyr-
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- -rEround.
8t6reo
aco-.M.fcr
AC
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THE HOOVEN, OWENS, RENTSCHLER CO.
Suite 2X7 Lafayette Building
lriiiiirriir-mifnMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiiwiiiiiiiwwiiiiwiiiiwiiii nrrf
UOGAN -TRV3T- COMPANY1'
hFTS
THE Board of Directors of
Logan Trust Company of
Philadelphia has decided to
erecft'a new four-story building '
covering 'both of its properties,
Nos. 1431 and 1433 Chestnut
Street.
It will be of all steel, fireproof
construction and the plans as pre
pared by the Architects, Messrs.
Bunting & Shrigley, show a dig
nified and substantial front.
The Company will occupy the
entire four floors and basement of
the new building for its own use.
The present Vaults will be en
larged on lines of the most mbdern
ideas of vault construction. The
Vaults will be served by elevators
running from the basement to the
fourth floor.
The First Floor will have greatly improved facilities for the transaction of
business and the comfort of the Company's clientele.
The Second Floor will be devoted to the Boird Roorn, a.
patrons, Committee-Room, etc.
1 a . 1
The Third Floor will be reserved for the biokjeceparsthe
ment and a Dimng-Room for the er
"fljteai -- &;-&,' i ;'
kip 'mwm W
m Etffl igQ,
If ' i I
The Fourth Floor will be used as a
jbloyes
lopm t
r a v
Ivl nil
or women
hg Depart-
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any has had a steady
Since its incorporation, in Novemberf 19061 the Co,
and substantial growth in all its departments
Deposits are over $3,800,000,00; Trust Minds in excess of $1,100,000,00;
ana corporate i rusts over i,uuu,uuu.ui
The Officers are:
Rowland Comly, President '
Hugh Mcllvain, First Vice-President -
William Bradway, Second Vice-Pres., Trust Off'r'& Treas.
John H.Wood, Secretary - .
Alfred G. White, Assistant Trust Officer . ' -,
S. Harvey, Thomas, Jr., Assistant Treasurer
The Directors are:
J. Gibson Mcllvain Charles Major
David L. Lukens , E. Lawrence Fell '
Charles M. Biddle Rowland Comly ,
Frank H. Wood ' William Bradway ,
Hugh Mcllvain George M, Bunting
Walter H. Lippincott Walter Clothier
Edmund Webster , Alfred H. Lippincott
-
f Logcin Trust Company
OF PHILADELPHIA
1431-33 CHESTNUT STREET
JSighth above Arch
u)
i .
is f v -t .r
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wiwiMnmirrsiTarttta
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