6
' -ynJBLlfc LRDT.ltK COMrANY
ctrv 8 h k crnTi. riiimiT
,M.liidlrtlMi.VIPllfM. John C Martin,
ihfut'TVaalurtri Philip B, Colllna, John B.
, pirrrlfira.
ICKlTORtAt, JJOAHDl
CticiII K. Cram, Chairman
. . WHALET . .. ...CifcutlT Edltef
MXC MARTIN . a. Oanaral Buatntaa Mwim
WviIIW tfallTlUVMUO Lreoxt Butldln.
"1 In4epnMac Square, Philadelphia.
i Czxttth ... Bread nl ChMtnut Strrtta
UMTtQ Cirt i ... ..rrrn-Vnlon flutldtpc
r toik . . iio-a. nnrfpfinn Towr
hoit . S2 Ford nutMlns
Locia , . 40 alotr trmocrat nulldlns
lcioo , . .1302 rr(tmn nulldlnr
. 8 Waterloo Due, rail Mall, 8 W
" ' " NEWS BUREAUS
SlHRi'f4Tdif Rvttau. .......... Tho l'it TlulMInK
'JnSTilK HCIUO . .. .r Th rimrt Ilnlldlni
,amMM, Dcuiv , ...,,...., ...BO Frladrlchatraaaa
'JofrWjV llOKiv 2 Tall Mall Eaat. B W.
Tiin Otiug , 32 Rue Loula la Grand
" RtfnSCniTTIOM TERMS
f Brearrlft Diili OK1.T, atx eanta Itjr mall, peatpald
otalda t .Phlladtlphla arcapt whara foralm ptaa
l( paqulrM. Duly OviT, una month, Iwantr-Ara canta)
i BH.T OitT ena yaar, thraa dollara All mall aub
srlptlona paable In advance,
t TICC Sufcacrlbare wlahlnc addraaa chanrad muat
,tra,ld at wall it naw addraaa.
ha, V)H WALNUT KEYSTONE. HAW Wl
- KT'UtirtM alt MnnmlnilltM fs Xvrntni
f Ltigtr. Initptnitnot Bqvart, rhitatolphla.
At Tits rniunnunu roitomei n ncon-
OAII Mtlt H1TT1.
THE AVERAGE NET PAID DAILT CIRCULA-
TIO.N OP THE EVENING LEDGER
FOR JULT WAS Btit.
Philadelphia. Monday, august as, mi.
FUh are caught only bv those who bait their
hooks tcith what fish like.
An Unexpected Setback for Germany
THERE will be no tendency among critical
observers to minimize the defeat which
Germany suffered In her attacks on Rus
sian soil by way of the Gulf of RlRa. Apart
from the check to co-operative effort, which
aay chance the whole courso of land opera-rtle-ns
trt that district, the direct Injury to
"Germany's naval prestigo Is enormous. In
the wo great battles with England, Ger
many has come off at least half a victor.
In her attack on the Inferior Russian fleet,
she has been overcome.
The disaster Is all the greater because It
eomea directly after tho first entrance of a
'British submarlnp Into Baltic waters. If
the harbor at Kiel should turn out to bo a
rat-trap. If the British can prosecute with
'Ofcrhian 'Vigor and German success pre-
""cfsciy the same campaign which her enemy
"has so successfully waged, the German threat
to- shipping, enemy and neutral alike, bi
comes invalid.
Soar, the active arm of the German navy
has "Been undersea, bat If England and Hus
1 sla'tajl "deslroy the German fleet, or coax It
tdnto.?operv battle under unfavorable clrcum
a stances, t,i)p submarine, unsupported, will be
no great terror. The week-end news, after
a month of German successes, must be heart
ening to the Allies.
Reducing the City's Dark Places
THE Octavla Hill Association, which for a
sqore of years has been working to give
the poor of Philadelphia tho comforts of
sanitary homes almost at cost, Is an organ
isation which has done much to make this
the City of Homes. rrom its Inception It
has been vigorously attacking and cleaning
up the Insanitary places in the city and
making homes habitable. Its latest venture,
: that of providing cheap and well-built
apartments In the heart of Kensington for
the workingmen whose salaries are so small
that otherwise they would have to live In
one or two poorly ventilated rooms, deserves
special commendation. The Octavla Hill
Association Is in no sense a rival of the
building operators, nor are Its beneficiaries'
tho objects of special charity. The asso
ciation Is giving the workingmen an oppor
tunity to Hvo well and to pay for what they
1 get. Such homes as It provides ari a bless
(lng tp the community and to those fortunate
Woughta peoure icnu They reduce the
dgjfeft3Jff dVfo.places.
1 - A Protest Aainstr Coddling
MANY obecryers will agree with Dr.
Charles W. Burr that there Is too much
J coddling of the young people In the schools.
y The only way to develop a vigorous brain Is
Staglve It .hiTrd and strenuous work to do,
y aAJuJtedjpf c5rse aa, trio work In a gym
tnasium Is adjusted, to the state of develop
ment of that great organ. I
j The bright child has too little to do In
A school and the dullard has too much; but
the whole tendency of parental protest Is t"o
, compel the schools to drag along at the
4 pace at which tho dullard perforce must go.
'9 Lfnhilitv of Ormnn CHIron.
m n
mHQSE German citizens engaged In the
x .Lsteel business In Pittsburgh who asked
V their Government about their liability under
i the German laws If they made war ma
terials for the Allies were prudent.
And the German officials who replied that
under the law German citizens who gave aid
to an enemy during war were liable to Im
prisonment on conviction, did merely their
duty The fact that the Germans were on
American Bolt did not affect their liability to
yiwnfahmeht when they returned to the Jurls-
etfcm.joMne German courts. A German
cMler on French soil would be liable to
punishment under the German laws of war
K he hould betray his military secrets to
' the i'ejAy
There ha,Ve been enough German Indiscre
tions fn this country since the war began,
and 1t Is fcot necessary to drag the. land with
a flne-tooth comb lest any German act shall
escape condemnation. The fact that a Ger
man d,oea a thing does not necessarily make
It wrong.
frWfcfRg Can Take the Horse's Place In War
Pyu CONNELLY Can fill his contract
fer ,M0 horses for the Frencn Govern
mwt1 without perceptibly aSectlng the 'Sup
ply of horses Jn the country. And If he gets
. M60 a head for the animals, or f-8 joo.000 for
' ,Vh? W the wm rY will be only a -
hv;v v-w v m uhri vaiqe or the na
Mi siae. The. DBrtMt of AwlcuHure
Mia tM hPft On .tH,fanw. la
wr wftHh K.m,m.mK or an ayraae
vMfc of (about U for mm of the jN,tt,IW
tt wfl Ufa a very Job ymtrnvrttttMr
to aBact the number of anawaas w tuv tri
aal', Our own CrVll War ruMd Hnnt
,jj),ti.pf tfefl tp44 isBb- et fcofsaw tba
entity hpnij.w,m i im to t,m.m n
ii 7 but thJa decpaaae was ue prtly te fsm
' 'Tpnml of honw-raMng In a law
i ' cJ tHf eotwflry overrun by war. wt
i it """ tMr hM been an almost eem
i, k " r J teiwwit, Jn im tb
(nun r bk i rttn ten ttM Avp and a hall
ttVttKIXrt LRDORR-PHIUDKLPIIIA, MONDAY. ATTOJT JgjjH
mMtom ot 1M7 to ll,IH,. Tnere a
acree'McHycnr until 1W. when tho num
b?r hint, slumped to l,l,e!)0j but the net
year It jumped to a higher figure than ever
before known, and In 10 tho 20,000,000 limit
wns passed.
The prophecy that the horse would dis
appear with the ndvent of the automobile Is
like most other prophecies mads on the ap
pearance or a now Invention. The sewing
machine was to force the sowing- girls Into
starvation; but Its adoption has been fol
lowed by an Increase In the number of sew
ing girls. And In spite both of the
electric streot car, which released thousands
of hard-worked horses, and In Kplto also of
the automobile, which has released thou
sands, more, there irtlll seems to be n grow
ing demAnd for man's best friend among tho
nnlmnls. If machines could only displace
him In war, there would bo no regret any
where. What Plattsburjr Is Proving
WORD comes down from the naitsourg
enmp that the men from Philadelphia
and other cities are Impressed with tho
demonstration of' the Impossibility of Im
provising a great national defenso force.
It was not for this purpose that the mili
tary training camp for civilians was opened,
but this will be Its most Important product.
A thousand men are there representing all
professions. They have shown their patriot
Ism by a' willingness to devote from two to
four weeks to study of tho soldier's profes
sion. And they nro learning that however
willing or intelligent they may be, It can
not bo mastered In four weeks or four
months.
No one will dispute Mr. Bryan's assertion
that lp the event of a foreign war a million
men would respond within a day to a call
for volunteers. Thcro Is no doubt of the
willingness of tho pcoplo to fight under
provocation. But It Is notorious that moro
than willingness Is required to mako an ex
pert in any calling. With a thousand in
telligent and Influential men who have seen
with their own eyes how little can bo
learned In a training camp In a month, re
turning to their homes prepared to talk
national defense to their neighbor, a step
has been taken In the right direction, short
Indeed, but still a step.
Italy Will Ask Pay for What 'She Does
THE significance of tho Italian declara
tion of war Is to be found In the state
of tho campaign against Constantinople. Tho
Allies have forced their way for only a few
miles toward the Sea of Marmora. They
have been balked by the land defenses. Italy
has 1GO.O00 men who can be spared to rein
force the British and French troops on the
Galllpoll Peninsula. The British have Just
succeeded by a ruso In landing a consider
able body of men there, but a much larger
forco s needed to storm the forts and open
the way for the warships.
Italy, of course, has Interests of her own
Involved in fighting Turkey. She has pro
tested against the failure of Turkey to keep
the agreement made In the peace treaty that
ended the Trlpolltan war, and she Is anxious
to secure the co-operation of the Powers In
maintaining her foothold in Africa. There
is doubtless an understanding with Eng
land, France and Russia that the right ,0(,,
Italy arc to be considered In any final peace,
provided the Allies win. Italy was once the
great Mediterranean Power, and sho has"
ambitions to extend her sway over some of,
her ancient possessions, not only along the
Jledltprranean, but on the eastern shores" ot
the Adriatic also.
Comedy In Subterranean Transit
THE Juniper street station-level below
the subway, where the great green cars
(yellow for Chester Short-line) dally engulf
thousands ot good Phtladelphlans and with
sublime certainty bear them upward and on
ward to their destinations this station-level
Is the true home ot the spirit of comedy. Be
tween 6 and :30 p. m. it Is the most amusing
spot In Philadelphia, only most of those who
frequent It are unconscious of that fact.
The humor of It can be seen by watching
the crowd. A Baring street car (Route 38)
runs ,to stop 4; Immediately the Barlngers
billow their way to station 4; but before the
wave of humans breaks oni the reluctant
doors of the car a transverse movement halts
It. Although no car Is visible at station 3,
another crowd has already gathered there.
Of the thirty men and women assembled at
stop 3, nine want to go out Lancaster ave
nue (Route 10), six are determined to reach
Darby (Route 11), eight seek the consolations
of Baltimore avenue (Route 31) and the rest
are scattering. By the Irony of fate, tho yel
low Intruder among the greens Is sent to
stop 3; two men and a child, willing to brave
the long Journey to Chester (short-line),
board the car. And the crowd? It dashes
down to station 2.
Extraordinary how trustful men and women
may bel A faith Immovable possesses each
and every one that his car must come to
the next stop. So all alike tread on corns
and crush bundles and swear, perhaps, and
charge the next stop! The real Joke of It all
Is that In the end about half of them don't
get seats. But they seem very happy none
the less. .
There Is a certain satisfaction In getting,
on a car; In fact, a great satisfaction. Can
any thrill equal the hot flushed triumph of
Just catching a car after a run of twenty
feet? Indeed notl Compared with that
achievement making a million Is a trivial
Incident.
They are taking a tuck in the Tuckerton
Wireless fast enough.'
'' " i
The collier Franklin is a finer boat than
any that Franklin himself over saw.
v , -
All an Asaerlcan can hope Is that Great
.Britain will yet lher .000,000,000 worth out
of the afta-lr,' '
Germany Is' planning to make the Allies
pay the cost tr the war. But what if the
ANUs should wtnT ' ' '
They are tlH "untlng" Congressman Vare
te WceMe a canH4t, but Is H ot sup
gsssa K has mad up m mind?
' ' ' 1 u I
H W a4wUt4 b) 0erg4. that the
MMsttty tfc lynchers at Fpak Is knqwn,
Wiilisjll May baa IHMIII. Mutt U wu
4 llanu'aa far
" wee ww see Im mUM o
M
.ffcal k ds not bale te Ura?
!.
YUAN SHIH-KAI AS
CHINA'S NAPOLEON
im ii..i i iai
Is Ha Trying: to Steer His Cduntry
Back to Monarchy? General .
Chang's Conversion to Re
publicanism By ELLIS RANDALL
TTfrilEN Yuan flhih-kat beenmo President
T T of the Chinese itepuciio on mo nominn
tlon of the Nftnkln Provisional Parliament
ho said In his letter of acceptance, "S .Jiave
long been In favor of a. republican form of
government,"
It was hardly his republicanism, however,
that won him his position of power Yuan,
by methods of tho shrewd nnd unscrupulous
self-seeker, nnd, some say, with tho motives
of patriotism, secured control of the repub
lican movement It Is characteristic of Yuan
to observe carefully the drift of affairs nnd
to take advantage of the current nt tho
favorable moment.
The report from Pekln that ho Is contem
plating tho rehabilitation of the monarchy
and his own cstnbllihmcnt on tho throne ns
tho founder of a new dynasty need surprise
nobody. It should bo bomo In mind, how
ever, that the statements Issuing from the
presidential palace havo carefully attributed
tho suggestion of a change In the form of
government to Yuan'a advisers and not to
Yuan himself, who Is represented ns a loyal
republican. Tho Inference Is, of courso, that
the Chinese President Is taking this means
to sound public opinion.
In a book called "The Remaking of
China," written by Adolph S. Walcy, nn
Englishman of monarchical propensities, but
of undoubted familiarity with the courso of
events In China since tho revolution, tho
author recently asserted that Yuan Intends
to Imitnte Nnpoleon III and. selzo the throne,
but this fact did not In tho least alter Mr.
Waley's estimate of the Chinese dlctntor ns
a truo patriot.
i
The Quest of Ppwer
The author's Interpretation ot events fol
lowing the death of the Dowager Empress
In 190S is of timely Interest In connection
with the latest reports concerning the Presi
dent's supposed ambitions. Indispensable to
to the Manchus, Yuan could dictate his own
terms, and ho Insisted that tho military
command should bo turned over to ono of
his own friends. Mr. Waley writes:
"Yuan wns perfectly aware that, with the
fall of the Manchu d nasty, the throne could
ensllv be pained bv a strong man who could
count upon the allegiance of the ormy, and
with this knowledge came the convlct'on that
the flower of the modern army In China, which
owed Up whole being to him, would follow him
to the death. With that wonderful fore
slsht which has been such a great asset to
Yuan Shih-kal throughout his notable career, ho
anticipated the moment when It might be Im
perative for the good of his country. In the first
place, and for the furtherance of his own am
bitions, in tho second, to abandon the Manchus
to their fate; and In such a crisis ho desired to
have, as commander of the Imperial forces, a
man of his own race who would unquestionably
obey his orders."
Having secured control of tho army,
Yuan'e next step was to take possession of
tho republican movement. While drawing
his salary as the Imperial Premier he se
cretly became a republican leader. At first
sight, the British author admits, this volte
face appears strange In a man known to bo
a convinced monarchist; but he adds that
Yuan was familiar with Napoleonic history
and knew a stepping-stone to a throne when
e saw it A peace conference was called at
hatfgKaY, with. Wu Ting-fang to represent
tho republican cause. Yuan sent Tang
Bhio-yl tot represent tho monarchy, but se
cretly 'tfrrttnged that he should betray that
Bdev,aidi't'trpw his influence with the repub
licans hMr Waley weighs the arguments of
those who think that Yuan was Innocent of
this treachery, and that Tang Shao-yl be
trayed him as well as the Manchus, but
concludes:
"If. however, Yuan Shlh-kal was acting
secretly In the republican (and Incidentally In
his own) Interests, his reason for appointing
Tang Shao-yl becomes quite clear, for Tang
Shno-yl was an Intimate friend of his, a Can
tonese, and persona grata with the revolu
tionary leaders, themselves mostly from Canton.
He was therefore a most suitable Intermediary
to negotiate with tho republicans, not on behalf
of the Manchus, but on behalf of Yuan Shlh-kal
himself, and so to arrange matters with the
revolutionary leaders that when the Chinese Re
public was an accomplished fact Yuan Shlh-kal
should bo Its first President."
If Yuan has not yet become Emperor, ho
has frankly expressed his determination to
prevent restrictions on his authority, and
has actually assumed the prerogatives which
from time immemorial have been vested In
the throne. Mr. Waley compares him with
tho great Emperor Kangs Kanghsl, who
made China a strong and united empire.
"Everything points to China having found a
second Kanghsl In the person of Yuan
Shlh-kal. There seems reason to hope that
his great Intellect and strength of character
Will prove equal to the magnltudo of his
task, and that under his rule China will at
tain tho strength and self-reliance essential
to a great nation, retaining her national
Ideals In all that appertains to her spiritual
life while becoming Westernized In all mat
ters of practical value."
Chang's Change of Mind
It Is Interesting to compare this Occi
dental Iew of the Issue between monarchy
and republic, which may shortly produce
another crisis In the history of China, with
the changed attitude of General Chang
Hsun, the "Butcher of Nankin' Genernl
Chang remained until very recently a.
Manchu monarchist, and was regarded as
the foremost of the Manchu loyalists in the
country. Ho was thought to be Irreconcil
ably opposed to the new order of things.
Not long ago, In language as picturesque as
one could wish, he Bald to an Interviewer.
"Republicans! Why, republicans such as we
see In China are boys trying to teach their
masters They are idiots trying to rlie to the
celling without something tangible to stand on.
They are gardeners trying to grow cabbags tops
before the roots are planted. They are like the
audacious people who would come and open a
porcelain shop of Inferior merit In a. place where
an old and well-known factory has long been
established By bright pigments and tricks they
seek to sell some of their goods and fool the
people some of the time, but very soon the
people would recognise the Inferiority of the
porcelain and would go back to the old and
tried shop."
General Chang seems to have been con
verted to republlcankm through the con
servative, even reactionary, policy which
Yuan has followed. Very lately he has said,
"RefmbMcan government the government
best suited to the conditio of Chl," and
"China's gttverniHeM ul4 never he.
eABd."
MIGHT AKD JtlGHT
If MIM nt Klcht, Hfe were a wild Wat's
cave;
K Vt mad Mtt, tkis wr tfce tUa tm.
But mow, att wm wta tta tone ossnuhjn,
fH0M must MUM u M,r a4 to rstaa.
aurr v Baa Ib'Um gsUsHi.
i ' i - .
MURRAY'S MUSEUM OF 400,000 "WORDS
He Who Has Never Read a Dictionary for Pure Enjoyment Has
Missed an Opportunity Which He Should Immediately Seize
and Improve Illustrations for Doubters
By B. K.
JUST think how painful it would be if a
cow woko up to tho fact that In all the
grand scheme of creation sho was nothing
but a cow. Happily for us, most cows never
wako to this discovery. They are content to
go right on being cows. Many hundreds of
thousands of years ago an all-wise Provi
dence foresaw that something would be nec
essary to supply the morning's milk. Hence
tho cow the calm, contented, patient, hard
working cow.
But did you ever notice how many human
cows there are? Just nice, patient, hard
working people who never wake up to the
fact that they are not brilliant and Impor
tant, but whoJust go on contentedly turn
ing out products that in their way aro as
necessary as milk. Some of them lay brloks
Some of them make the pens with which
others write great novels or design sky
scrapers that may last thousands of years.
You nover hear of. these penmakers. They
raise families, pay taxes and buy a lot in the
nearest cemetery. Nevertheless, they are not
burled before they havo contributed to the
worl'd a praiseworthy number of bricks or
pens, and we should all bo poorer If these
unknown people had never lived. It Is some
times worth while to pause nnd admire tho
cow, human or bovine.
Pinned Down and Labeled
One such person died the other day. ( A
very Important cow, too, In his way. His
name was Murray, and his specialty was to
give forth words. He left us what Is beyond
doubt the great dictionary of all times. Peo
ple thought It remarkable when old Samuel
Johnson left his dictionary containing less
than four thousand words. What on earth
does a man need of four thousand words,
when he can make the mistake of his life In
half a dozen asking the wrong girl to be
his wife, for Instance. But Sir James Murray
left us all a present of about fdur hundred
thousand words. And he hadn't finished when
he died. He got as far as the word "turn
down," and there death cut him short. Even
so, he stuck to it till he had eight volumes
of "The New English Dictionary" finished,
and no doubt some one else will go ahead
and finish It down to the bitter end.
Four hundred thousand words Is, one might
say, a good deal of milk for one cow to give.
A long time ago Cardinal Richelieu organ
ized the French Academy and charged It
chiefly with the duty of keeping the French
language pure against the invasion of the
Chicago brand of "French. A good many
generations of Academicians have come and
gone, and stilt they have not finished their
dictionary. Yet here Is a lone Scotchman
who has created a permanent museum ot
four hundred thousand English words. There
they are, They can never get away again.
He has pinned every one of them fast to the
printed page, Not merely that, he has shown
the origin of each one of them, Its history, Its
shades of meaning, all illustrated by some
quotation from a man of brains who knew
how to use each particular word. Old Mur
ray had collected no fewer than five millions
of these quotations. That's how Industrious
he was .
Did you eyer read a dictionary for pure
enjoyment? Anybody knows what a teasing
thing it is. You want to look up the word
"arthritis," but before you come to it you
stumble across "Arcady,"' and that .makes you
think ot "eclogue," and "eclogue" leads to
"Idyl," and before you know It you havo for
got all about "arthritis." Then you slam the
book shut and dream of what a great man
you would be it you had absolute command
of all these words. You'd crowd Dante o
the map and lash Homer to the mast. You'd
ne funnier than M,ark Twain, and make Vol
taire look like a dolt There's your chance,
anybody. Sir James Murray has given you
foiy hundred thousand words to begin with.
You and Jones and "Rarebit"
What a. Job that was! And you're mistaken
It you think a word Is a dead thing, It's a
mistake to think that the dictionary makes
the language. It's the man In the street that
makes the language. Just as it is not the
professor teaching his class who makes the
science of ethics, hut Mrs. Jones gossiping
over the hack fence with Mrs, Srown, so it
is Jons aud Brown and tkstc wve-rcfclftr
tlr wWsb- ntaks tfes teu. We
dictkxMUx ftsdsj "ly to rMM-4 the words
employed by Jones and Mrs, Jons.
Words ars sjways changing Udr meakutg,
"WHERE'S MY PLAUiU, walum-i
LITTLE
The word "suggestive" once meant produc
tive of suggestion, of thought; now, on ac
count of persistent use In ono sense only, It
means something naughty. Words aro being
created every day. Jones creates them. You
create them.
Somebody once Invented a dreadful dish
composed of melted cheese, with which Is
commingled milk or ale. Perhaps tho In
ventor himself also christened tho dish on Its
looks, probably in a vein of humor, a "welsh
rabbit." Then somebody else came along, a
person with fastidious taste, who thought
rabbits when ..cooked looked too much like
broiled cats, and called tho cheese dish a
"welsh rarebit." And "welsh rarebit" It has
been ever since. It should be "rabbit." But
If everybody else calls It a "rarebit" you
may ns well cave In and call It a "rarebit"
yourself. '
The truth Is that every word Is a dead
poem. 'Way back yonder when they wero In.
venting all the nouns and verbs, men tried to
make words sound like the things they
named. Take the word "swish." Doesn't It
sound like the noise of a whip cutting the
alr7 Do you know that the commori pos
sessive "Its" came In since the seventeenth
century? It never occurs In tho version of
the Bible of that period. Shakespeare had
his nerve with him and used It ten times, but
rare old Ben Jonson turned up his nose at
the slangy expression. f
A Matter of Imitation
The pity about Sir James Murray's four
hundred thousand words Is that some day a
large percentage of them say 332,323 may
become obsolete. A dictionary of Chaucer's
time would be useless today as a guide to
parlor conversation. Imagine what a bore
you would bo If you set out to entertain a
dinner table by the use of Chaucerian Eng
lish! Every year, every mlnuto words are
changing. It Isn't what the dictionary says
that determines correct speech. Correct
speech Is the language used by people of rec
ognized sense and taste, whom all the rest of
us aro willing to Imitate. By and by the dic
tionary Itself has to imitate them.
One time the Emperor Tiberius was re
proved by an Impertinent grammnrlan for a
mistake In grammar a plausible story, as
any ono knows who has ever tried his hand
at writing or speaking In Latin. Tiberius re
plied, "What tho Emperor speaks Is bound
to be good Latin, or If not, it soon will bo."
And for once In his life Tiberius was right.
Words are what you make them. But you
can see for yourself what n,n amount of talk
there Is In the world, when Sir James Murray
can collect four hundred thousand separate
and distinct words, and still can die without
having collared easily two hundred thousand
more that aro still floating round looso.
ORIGIN OF "CARPET-BAGGERS"
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger;
Sir Both George W. Douglas and the Rich
mond News Leader ate at sea as to the origin
of the phrase "carpet bagger," Nearly 70 years
ago It was current In Ireland, and originated In
.. XL. . I mT A"oma8 "emngton. the then
(1S47) Chief Becretary, had been credited with
opening a carpet bag owned by, William Smith
O Brlen, who had Just been arrested for high
treason Until his death Sir Thomas was known
as the "Knight of the Carpet Bag," and "car
pet bagger" became a common expression
tm,.a , ... f JT- aEORGE JOYCE.
Philadelphia August 23,
"AS IT WERE"
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
.!?!r"I Bee th ""rison paint works with Its
??&f.ra?.loye"J.8 &y, B0n t0 mova outside, the
cltr limits. This Industry has been In theclty
fof more than 100 years, and must have an
exceptionally valid reason for abandoning its
extensive plant and moving to Jersey.
We Burely (as you say) will need additional
rapid transit, but It wilt be to haul the work
ng population out of the city limits The
builders, however, need not feel discouraged!
as they have ample work to provide dweiN
logs for thew people elsewhere; the owners of
the vacant dwellings are the ones who will
P1 J,oa,Ved..K we wouW ly rrow severe
hundred million more for the ben.flt of con
tractors this city would get a real uplift m
It were. WILLIAM S. LUCKENBAcir
Philadelphia, August 20, J,JJ. Cl1,
TOO MUCH POLITICS
r the MUor of the Kvlg Ledwrt
byWnVrLel T&Trr
lSS LIT"; K2 WJ " &.
MatSt!.? uS a 'XlnJe nV"
surprised to hear that the State ot Qeorfi.
uneducated negro, whose word was taletn g
preierence io a wnue man.
novt wnere is justiceT wny should a man;
iiko maw go iree ana a aouoiea man Ilki
Frame should: have been so persecuted. The '
uiDie u woras, xno iruui snait mane you free,"
seemed to have little bearing In Frank's trial
"too mucn pontics," i say.
The State of Georgia can only uphold Hi
honor by capturing those savage criminals ami
dealing them the extreme ponalty of the l&w, '
Tvnicn is -a tiie lor a me. juun UnAIO.
Philadelphia, August 20.
SEMMES FOUGHT FAIRLY
In 'view of the discussion as' to modern math- '
ods of marine warfare raised by the sinking of J
the Lusltanla, it Is interesting to note what!
was the practice of the Confederate AdmlrM J
tiemmes aunng our own civil war. Bemnies 1 i
credited with having captured more vetaeV;
man any omer commander, in zz months on thai
Alabama ho boarded 3S6 vessels, burned E2 and i
took 2000 men oft enemy ships. By the North
he was designated "a robber and plunderer i
ot unarmed vessels," ana every cftort was put
forth to make out a case against him, but all
the evidence showed that he adhered to thai
usual rules ot warfare, and not a single death J
could be attributed to him. Semmes releaieij
all enemy ships containing neutral cargoes, andl
all passenger vessels carrying women and cM-
dren, and In one case the women and chltdretj
found upon an East Indian trader were takes!
aboard the Alabama and made comfortable ls
the officers' cabins. New Orleans Tlniefa
Picayune.
NATIONAL POINT OF VIEW
This war Is really for the peace ot the wrtnj
Ohio state JournaL
A New York newspaper says that John 11
Sullivan's talk on the booze Question to the con
vlcts in Sing Sing prison "carried convictloal
to them." And most of them had already been!
convicted on the booze question. Kansas CityJ
star.
Harrlsburg Is tired of contractors' government,:
and the time to end It Is now. The voters gave
It a tremendous shock the last time they had t
chance, and It Is no less certain that the same
punishment will be inflicted again. Harrlsburg
Patriot.
There may be a thousand lessons that the!
United States can learn from a year of world!
war, but only one of them is vital. That Is th
lesson of sea power as democracy's 'defensive!
weapon for the preservation of Its life anal
liberty. New York World.
Possibly the literacy test, which has beeni
vetoed, is not the best means of closing thJ
doors to undesirable Immigration, but It dotal
not lessen tne need of restrictive legislation.
The present lull affords an excellent opportu
nity for further study. Chicago Tribune.
Professor Kuno Franke wants to know If '
tho sale of arms by private citizens of (hj
TTnlteri fltnt la moral V1 AnH a Int moral
moral than the sale of arms to belligerents by
tne ltrupps with the. Kaiser the largest stocx-ij.
noiaer in tne concern. Wall Street Journal.
THE GERMAN PERIL
Into the story, of the German rush
Today a fear doth silently obtrude. (I
Of Teuton plan the Russian crlde to crush .
And make the Muscovite lh shame to brood.1?
For now the Kaiser's men are at the gate
Of Russia's famous city, Petrograd;
And should they enter, what shall be Its fate
At hands of storming legions, conquest mad!
Perhaps, although the thoueht irfves one a chill.
They have a fiendish plan, these German men.!
And when they've captured Petrograd they wlUl
v-nriBien me town nu Petersburg again.
W. A. McO.
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