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TIO.V Or THE EVBMMI LKDOEIl
FOH JV.NH WAB M.IM.
f MUADtU'lllA, HO.NDAt, AUGUST 3, 1915.
IVle- honors of conquest ncicr depend u-lwUu
on military protects or rlcforj lit lattlc.
Safetr First Means Victory at Lnst
POIl all our tails of "lust stands" and
Balaklnvas, for alt our superstition about
the powers of tho man who "never known
when he Is bealen," retreat. ulcl retreat and
determined retreat Is the most valuable fac
tor In modern military strategy. Nino times
out of ten it stems disaster, half tho time It
makes ultimate victory possible.
A efe. tfk -
njv- j. nut is a lesson mo atchcii io iunb
V nft ago. Their whole military temper and mlll
ermij0tar' strategy Is built on the expectation of
r ha meeting superior lorccs, retiring ucioro weni
,5 ana nnaiiy icaoing tnem into a poauiop hi
which they may bo outmancuvered. That
policy saved Franco In tho present war. A
greatly outnumbered force received tho shock
nt tli rturmnrt nHvnnnA hrmliFli Ilntulum. rc-
' treated promptly but desperately beforo tho
i onslaught, left wounded, stragglers, guns ana
stores all tho way to the Alsnc, southeast of
Paris. But then! tho reserve forces were
ready, other portions of tho lino had their
orders and tho principal mass of tho French
army, which would have been outnumbered
and defeated In a. straight line resistance,
swung In upon the German right with a force
nnd a local superiority that Hung back the
Invaders and definitely ended tho Teutonic
menace. Without tho retreat from lions and
the Bambre, that result would never have
been possible. The Kaiser would long ago
have dined In Paris.
The Teutons havo never learned this vir
tue of retreat, Lembcrg fell and half an
army was captured because of this. Neither
have they learned tho companion lesson of
evacuating a town that will bo surrounded;
thua Przemyst furnished a hundred thousand
captives.
Russia, however, seems to follow Frunce
tn tactics as In many other things. In every
ratreat except the trap of the Masurian
Lakes tho Grand Duke has loft a lost field
promptly, deserted cities like d3Pr'emysl
arf5 Lembcrg without a momdnl'ff hesitation
and fallen back into strategically stronger
positions. Tho cneo of Warsaw seems tho
same. The Germans hove failed to envelop
tVial nalrn fit- thn nnlv decisive OUtCOmO
B- today because tho Husslans havo kopt an
eye on the cnrainni point oi sane strategy,
and. have withdrawn at the first threat of
envelopment from Lublin on tho south nnd
at the Narew on the north. It lo. no doubt, a
difficult retreat the Grand Duke has had to
make from Warsaw. But-It will have Its
reward.
Nashville Works Both Ways
LOGIC s apt to be Just about what tho
I disputants care to make It, The wish is
father ta the argument. The case of the
Nashville City Commission la sample enough
One of the olllclnlu has grafted; at least
that Is what another official and a large part
of the public think Ergo, sayg the enemy
of commission government and the enemy
of the short ballot, this "hobby" has failed.
To him the rest of the successful and un
cmirched commission administrations one In
every three of the cities of over 30,000 popula
tion ar the exceptions (hat prove the rule.
It Is hardly necessary to suggest that a
dlihane&t or corrupt commissioner may bo
& possibility In any system, however much
more remote a possibility In a sane system
baaed on public responsibility. It- Is well to
point out that the "failure" argument works
equally well both wayH. One of the beauties
of short ballot governmant Is that corruption
such as appears In Nashville and such as Is
lYrvlntmlv hidden In nhnnt itvprv ntiv i.niwnml
IUdrj unwieldy Councils, Uko Philadelphia's.
stands a better chance of cropping out whero
thre li a-little of that "white light" beating
.- about a single and centrally located throne.
Medicine as Morala
NO WONDER Doctor Meltwr. of the
Itockefeller Institute, is organizing and
extending the Madlgal Brotherhood for the
Furtherance of International Morality. No
wonder he proudly announces Us object as,
"to Indorse and support the moral standard
which the medical profession generally up
holds when called upon to perform Its pa
triotic duties in an International strife."
What other profession contribute noth-
fc IJjif tut good lo wHtring manklndT jie-
k jt4in ibiiw iumiisiivs newer ana more
S;f$wrrtli engines qf death. Chemistry contrib
ute n?t only explosive, but suuh horrors of
modernity as polsonaua gases. Teachers In
still a. narrow patriotism, and a contempt ri
ether races Journalists and writers gen
orally dull the ears of the pubtle with role
eftr$MRtAt!3 of t&ttr country's com and
te ejeut tbe ecemys PtilltleUns mi "
n eniid tales of etraeltU Ju rsjae the
etttefWt fthtlaff blngd is the enJtotiiw point.
jiMNt Rtream frn ail tit tent of wisdom
KW yMpreaa nave Q On the UattlefleW or
in tke hospital and laboratory the doctpc
work tar tlM eutumm good "No dlvery
imtfnt eetaiwe." Betir Meltxer i safe in
jnr "Mtr mma utauuA tor the pirpwe
erf tfeatroyijr o jUftnaing the enemy "
SJAPIr OutKMd
JBf?W .4? fhtHK Utowm iwpfi kw
VefeifM & tm tMN.Mll MM vtm
4tif J tm 9Wtry AwtaK JM
fgffl
jjp
EVENING
pdt yea. " marketl deerc8e over othr
reports." Manlfeetlj?, the effect of the
"spare.the-twd" Mentessorl system are be
ginning td be felt.
of course, there may be other explanations.
Democratlr "prosperity" and the high cost of
living will hardly do, for every American
still buy his or her Ihreo pairs of shoes
yi. nnd th Government adding machine
register J47.643.000 paint when they have jrpt
through totaling up the output. Atttybo lfe R
simple matter of the ladles having lutned
all their slipper money Into epale I'pr
father, so Undo 8am assures us, Is "Just as
much" of a "Jean and slippered pantaloon"
n ever.
Anyway, one thing Is certain. It will soon
be safe for reminiscent ealst to begin
their reflections on childhood wltht "Do you
remember mother's well-worn slippers?"
How About It, Mr. Taxpayer?
IT IS a big business ou own, Mr. Tax
payer. It has a larger Incomo than many
nnllon. It Is about to Invest, not thou
sands, but mllllono of dollars. You pay
jour money In and you draw dividends, not
dividends In cash, but In health, In comfort,
In protection, In facilities. For thlB buslncns
which yon control In the guardian of your
son nnd daughter, of your wife and home,
and of yourself. It undertakes to soo thnt
you arc not put to llvo In a house which Is
certain to cause your death, that your way
shall be lighted homo at night, that thero
shall he law nnd order about you, that you
shall havo n fair chance
You, Mr. Laboring Man, with your savings
Invested In a factory, would not tolerate
your elected president sneaking In by night,
dismantling the machinery nnd making off
with tho nascts of the plant, would you?
Of course not. Your money Is your money,
and you want to know how It Is being used.
Yet, Mr. Tnxpayer nnd Laboring Man,
jou nro n pnrtner In tho great business
known as Philadelphia. Tho city Govern
ment Is your property. The olHcors arc your
stewards, tho directors whom you select.
Your partnership la a full and equal ono.
You have ae much voice In tho conduct of
tho great municipal corporation ob any other
man. Do you enro or do you not? If not,
glvo up your citizenship. You do not de
servo to hnvo It. Whnt your forefathers
fought and bled to glv you, you havo no
right to hold without appreciation.
On the other hand, If you do caro, what
do ou think of five or six "leaders" mean
dering off to the seashore and undertaking
to dlctnto to you whom you must have aa
the manager of your business? Do you like
It? Do you think thnt Is the way things
should bo done? You do not have to submit
to It unless you want to. Indeed, you may
wonder how it Is that a few men grow fat
on sinecures, the wherewithal for which
comes out of your pocket.
Think of tho number of great big Phlla
detphlans who by tho management of their
own business havo proved their fitness to
conduct so magnificent an enterprise as the
city Government. Have the names of any
of th.em been mentioned by tho Mayor
makers of Atlantic City? No, Indeed!
Thev talk about harmony on thla or that
politician whose life has been spent at tho
public crib; this or that politician who has
proyed that ho will do what designing men
want him to do.
They shudder when the
name of a business man is mentioned,
They
find innumerable objections to him. The
fact la this: They do not want n good busi
ness man. They want a bad business mnn,
for that Is the only kind of man that would
be profitable to them.
You, Mr. Taxpayer, and the vast majority
of men like you in Philadelphia, are Repub
licans. You want to vote the Republican
ticket, be tho election national. State or
city. These fellows, who are plotting nnd
conspiring to take away from you your
right to name a Mayor and to substitute a
creature of their own choice Instead, offer
as an excuse that they are tho Republican
"leaders." Are they? Not unless you say
so. Fortunately, you are provided with tho
means to make your voice effective without
In any way Imperiling your Republicanism.
Candidates are not nominated In locked
halls these days.
There Is tho primary. In It nnd not In an
Atlantic City hotel will the Republican can
didate be selected.
Think It over, Mr. Taxpayer, nnd consider
If It Is not about time for you to be making
some plans of your own to assure the proper
management of your business for the next
four years.
Wages will be worn very full this fall.
The Berlin students are tho ones who take
the "s" out of "shoot,"
"Pease" never was very prominent In the
Irish vocabulary of Sir Edward Carson.
The naval invention board Is a good thing,
but It may be well to have a navy also.
There seem to be too many dreadnoughts
and tQO few French seyenty.nves at the
Dardanelles,
1 i '
A nation cannot buy peace any more than
a vletlm can get rid of a blackmailer by
meeting his demands the first time.
r ' '
An ordinary mortal might be tempted to
forego sme IJO,QOO,000 Just for a normal, un
disturbed weddlngir there are suoh thing".
The Mate executives are making ready for
their summer Junket. But the House of
Qovernofa happens ta be worlh the money.
" '" I''Wl " l i"i
A point whleh f9ma to have ewwped the
JCateefa attnttf is tbaj you eaa't win the
reepet and sympathy of tho worM by shoot
ing it to pie.
Italy's poitey of refusing pawports until
reservist-relatives enlist suggests that she
wuw wae it, Ko ehlrtee, ru tlekee." if sit
&H wet tat eiptitUH with the Cbiiwe.
iwuhi i
iW a4ni fe m4 about tfc mfim
41? tt a mm dye sad th -pmMCttW
WK Mm-tl fet (j &j djy-s fuw!
l)jpilll!ai,lpUffr"','"'w1!!'WW' 'P
LEDGER - PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, AUGUST 2, 10 IB.
CONVENTION HALLS
IN OTHER CITIES
The Middle West nnd the Pacific
Slope Have Made Adequate Pro
vision for Great Gatherings, While
Philadelphia Lags Behind.
By EDWARD R. BU8HNELL
PHILADELPHIA Isn't tho only city In the
United Btatcs to struggle with tho con
vention hall problem, Virtually every city
of any size ha wrestled with It In one form
or another. The business of ontortAlnlng
conventions and staging exhibits has possi
bilities of such great financial profit that
during the last decade tho matter has been
nppfoached in many cities ns a municipal
undertaking. I
Thnt Is what all Philadelphia, minus some
councllmnnlo obstructionists, wants to do,
build ji convention hall to bo owned by the
city and to build It at once. The situation
hero Is slmplo enough- FoUr years ago a
loan bill approved by popular vote provided
the sum of 11,500,000 for tho purchase of a
site and the construction of n convention
hall. That money ha not been spent, bo
cause Councils wished to play politics and
bury the hall In Snyder's Woods, In Bast
Falrmount Park. Thnt slto has slnco been
ridiculed to death, but tho Financo Commit
tee, having approved this site, Is too proud
to admit Its mistake nnd to glvo approval
either to the site nt 24th nnd Mnrket streets
or a simitar site In the centre of tho city If
ono can be found which meets the require
ments. Holdup Costs ?10,000,000 n Year
In tho meantime tho city Buffers. Mem
bers of the Chnmbcr of Commerce, repre
senting the business Intelligence of tho com
munity, have figured that at tho lowest esti
mate Philadelphia merchants are losing $10,
000,000 every year that the project Is held up.
And this docs not take Into account tho
blow struck to the city's prestige as a con
trc of hospitality to havo the nation know
thnt tho Republican Notional Commltteo and
other bodies nro hesitating to bring their
conventions here because Councils declines
to take action that will guarantee tho con
struction of the municipal convention hall
by the spring of 1016.
But the Chamber of Commerco Is un
daunted. Believing that Councils will bo
forced to act on the plans of the business
men to construct this hall at once and In a
control location, they aro planning to bring
here next summer not only the Republican
Nutlonnl Convention but many other con
ventions as well. They want to make this
the convention city of America. And with
an adenuata convention hall, centrally lo
cated, they aro assurod of success, becauso
Philadelphia, onco tho national capital, leads
tho whole Unltod States In the number and
value of Its historic relics and the great
.diversity of Its business Interests,
Philadelphia business men have been
deeply Impressed with what rival cities havo
dono to attract conventions. But It wants
to outdo them. And If tho plans which tho
Chnmbcr of Commerce has Indorsed become
a reality this city will havo tho finest con
vention hall In America. Its proposed seat
ing capacity of 20,000 will surpass that of
nny other hall, and so will tho floor space
for exhibition purposes, while In its archi
tecture It will fit admirably Into tho program
of tho Comprohenslvo Plans Committee, of
which Governor Brumbaugh wns chairman.
What Denver Has Dono
One of the finest convention halls In
America is a monument to tho progressive
spirit of Denver. It has three uses It may
be converted Into a theatre, a music hall or
an Immense auditorium. As a theatre It will
seat 3300, but when converted into an audi
torium It will accommodate 12,000 persons,
and as such can take care of the largest
conventions, political or otherwise. Denver
makes good use of It for municipal purposes,
equipped with a wonderful pipe organ, Sun
da js concerts are given that aro famous the
country over. It was built at a cost of
t!05,000, and rente for from J600 to J2000 per
week, according to whether the theatro or
LETTERS FRQM THE PEOPLE
A Reader Prescribes for International Peace On the Trail of "The Purple
Cow" Information Wanted.
To the Editor of tho Evening Ledger:
Sir The present tremendous war should bring
freedom and prnco to the world for all tlrru.
In this formidable struggle, contradicting as it
doe, In the fullest manner, our so-called civili
zation, the Allies have the good wishes and
moral support of almost all the noncombatant
States, and the public conviction Is that the
Allies will defeat tho combined powers of Ger
many, Austria and Turkey.
In that event the question arise: Will the
Yictorj of the Allies bring freedom and peace
to the world for all time? or will It be a mere
settlement and adjustment of States, leaving
the world face to face with future wars and
devastations? And what measures and reforms
will bring and rive to the world freedom and
pei.ee?
Here are a few vital reforms, roughly
sketched, which will, It adopted and carried
out, achieve this most desirable end, viz.:
1. The declaration and bestowal of full free
dom to the clvllUed human race.
2. The declaration and granting of full free
trade over the whole world, which should In
clude all the minor free arrangements, such
as free open markets, etc.
1 The declaration and granting of freedom
to el) peoples calling themselves a distinctive
people.
4, The declaration and carrying out of free
Intercommunication of one people with an
other i
5. The declaration and use of one intercom
munlcotive or one commercial language,
r . The universal equalization et weights and
measures.
7. The universal equalization of all moneys,
8 The disbanding of all armies and navies
and the destruction of all forts and fortresses.
9 The abandoning of all terms, such as
"race," "nation" and "empire," and the human
family to be spoken of as "the people of this
couniry" and "the people of that country," and
a on.
10. The creation of a supreme counell, the
inembere of which should be delegated or
elected by eaeh civilized Government. This
eouncil to' supervise and regulate the greater
aad wider queeUena pertaining to universal
eiWilMtloo
11 The people of the different countries to
have klnpe. queeae. emperors and iirHnt.
aa they tnay with, but no analea or navies.
jr. There should be established two pel Lee
twrft in ail countries, an executive and a civtl
feree. The executive police to bear ara for
tji epforvemtRt of the people'aVlaws. Iqe etvjl
peitee to discharge alt the d'ltlts' pertaining to
the administration of civil lift,
11 Armed cruisers. Is order to keep down
Pitney, to be Jointly maintained bylall the elv
IbMd 8vexnejU
U 0lvrel mantied wMCas.
Tfce. wewlerful tttdKMHMt wJ um4 9t
mtvttitm wmJ Kieno, aae) the wn4vJ de
vloteaset v faeUiUe fee mlett itttcneenw
end oetjaunieamig. jugg tji-fl'nMBf trBT r
m & wiw' yPB wpjn r tP?5 "F
the entire auditorium is used. Whenever
Denver has an opportunity to entertalh ft
national political convention or glvo It to a.
cause that will advertise tho city no rental
fee is charged.
Tho twin cities of Minnesota, St Paul nnd
Minneapolis, handled tho situation ft llttlo
dlfferently. Both have.audltorlumn, but'only
St. Paul's has faclllties.for it national politi
cal convention. This oaidllorlum was built
by popular subscription at a cost of $460,000.
It will seat 3200 persons In tho theatre, but
ae an auditorium the sealing capacity may
bo increased to 10,000. The Minneapolis audi
torium will seat 2S00.
Tho other cities or the Middle West have
been wide awake, too. .Kansas City was ono
of the first to show tho country something
In tho business of building convention halls.
This hustling city constructed such a hall In
1889 nt ft cost of $250,000, which on ono occa
sion was eald to havo accommodated more
than 20,000 children. Thrco months before the
National Democratlo Convention was sched
uled to meet In It in 1900 tho hall was de
stroyed by fire. Did Kansas City give up tho
convention? Not ft bit of It. Instead they
began work at onco on a new convention
hall, and had It completed In time for tho
convention. This building seats 15,000, and
can be converted Into a theatro with a seat
ing capacity of 6000. It can also bo used for
exhibitions, horse shows, etc, Milwaukee,
like Kansas City, has a, spacious municipal
auditorium capable of taking caro of tho
largest conventions. ,
Chicago has the Coliseum, which Is big
enough to houso the most important conven
tions In nddltion to tho spacious auditorium.
Cincinnati has to uj tho MUsIc Hall, which
has a seating capacity of only 3660. Clove
land has no convention hall, but for such
purposes la obliged to depend upon armories
nnd theatres.
West Is Ahead of tho East
On tho Pnclllc coast, Los Angeles has three
splendid auditoriums, nnd can tnko caro of
conventions of virtually any size. Shrine
Auditorium has a seating capacity of 10,000.
The Trinity Auditorium will seat 5000 and
tho Temple Auditorium 3000. Moving up tho
coast we come to Portland, which has to de
pend upon an armory with a seating capac
ity of 2200. Seattlo has avallablo two audi
toriums, both at tho Unlvorslty of Wash
ington. Ono Is a natural outdoor amphi
theatre, where 20,000 or more can asscmblo
comfortably. Tho other Is tho University
Auditorium, where 3000 can bo seated.
Thoro aro no municipally owned conven
tion halls In tho big cities of tho East. Madi
son Square Garden, while not owned by tho
city. Is avallablo for nearly everything that
will advertise Now York. It has a seating
capacity of 12.13T. But New York has flvo
other auditoriums which can bo used for
convention purposes. The largest 13 the
Grand Contral Palace, with a seating capac
ity of 5000. Then there Is tho Manhattan
Opera House, which will accommodate 380O;
tho Metropolitan Opera Houso, 2900( Acad
emy of Music, 2600, nnd Carnegie Hall, 2300.
Boston has three good-sized auditoriums,
Mechanics' Hall," Exhibition Hall, In the
Bamo building, nnd tho Arena. Of tho three,
Mechanics' Hall is tho .argest, and has a
seating capacity-of more than 5000 Balti
more has n,o convention hall, and Is obliged
to use the 5th Regiment Armory, whero the
last Democratic National Convention was
held.
Pittsburgh has no municipal convention
hall, but does havo Exhibition Hall, which
has ft seating capacity of 5000. Buffalo has
what Is called tho Broadway Auditorium,
with ft seating capacity of 6500. Atlanta
leads all tho Southern cities with a conven
tion hall managed by a committee of Coun
cils, It was built at a cost of $250,000, and
Beats 7000.
CHEAP EXCITEMENT,
From the IVashlnston Bter.
Dr. Anna Shaw has managed to get a great
deal of excitement out of her automobile with
out any wear and tear on the tires.
THE YELLOW STREAK?
From tha St. Loul Btar.
The Missouri Botanical Garden's collection of
cannas contain a variety named "Roosevelt."
It Is a crimson red with a yellow streak In It.
Hero Is another chance for a libel suit.
In tho Interest of universal peace and freedom.
Imperative,
What would these great reforms do? They
would give more ample freedom to all civilized
peoples, and ultimately to the whole human
rsco. They would llmpllfy civil life and re
movo from every civilized land the vast taxa
tion under which the people now suffer.
This Is the propttloua moment in the world's
history for all civilized peoples to declare for
and demand these reforms for freedom nnd
peace upon God's earth and for God's human
family upon It, without any distinction what
ever. This Indicates a full and perfect cure for
tho social ills from which our civilization is
suffering, for there can ba no true civilization
where thero are armed forces of men In ex
istence. Let them be abolished In all civilized
lands, THOMAS FOV.
18 Commons street, Dublin. Ireland. July It.
THE "PURPLE COW"
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger;
Sir St. George Bolton In the Evenino
Ledqfii laet night refers to deleft Burgess'
"Purple Cow," which he characterizes as the
best satire on freaks and freaklshness that
was ever compacted Into four lines. He evi
dently assumes that everyone li familiar with
It. I must ronfeas. however, that I never saw
the quatrain and am curious ta get It. Will you
be so kind as to print It. I am sure others,
who are as young as I, would be glsd to see It.
NAZARETH HALL.
Wllllamsport, Pa.. July SI.
Tho Hvunino I.edqek will gladly do Its share
to give a new lease of life to the lines. Here
they are:
I never saw a purple cow.
I never hope lo pee one:
But I can tell you anyhow,
' I'd rather see than be,ojie.
Editor Evmwo Ledger.
DID GREELEY SAY IT FIRST?
to the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir In Samuel Harris' article on 'The TJnmiU.
gated Vaeatlonlat." tn the Evstnuo Ledc-kr of
KrWay, he attributes to' Horaee Greeley the
famous remark concerning the resumption of
kpecle payments that "J he only way to resume
I tp resume." Now I always understood that
the oritjlpator or that remark was the late
John Sherman, ef Oho. and that he mtde It
in ths Course of a debate in Congress after the
eloee of the Ctvil War. I know that Horace
Qreeja? eald a great many wise things, but
wh Jild he make this repjrb, and w Jotm
Hherwan a plagiarist, or did he quote Mr.
Qroelay with proper oreditT
t , .. J0,w ROGERS.
Germ&tewn, July?!.
GEORGE PG-ItJSETTE'S ANCESTRY
To the Editor of the Eitntng Ledger
Sl-I UM seen eomellalng in you maer
ftheut tt thrt wa lulled tn the MVileajTind
Ajfwte isitA Qmj PeUwtt. Islet as
AftertMB r a Itsjiftii ! hv tint Ms
rtMWHuMr Ue4 is the AWWkga wt ituieu
W- I w mt ewe l tt (rW eWjtJ7
XhwMjrtes, M J . Jstlv l
THD astounding- development of tho aero
plane, both for scoutlnnf purposes and as
nn offensive weapon, Is one of tho most
etrlhlnir features of tho first year of the
great war. . ,
Military men, as n result of tho year s les
sons, consider an army not equipped with
aeroplanes as absolutoly nt tho mercy of a
similar force using nlr scouts. It Is a blind
man flghtlm? n man who can ace.
At the beginning of the war nil tho prln
clpal combatants had bljr air fleets, those In
Franco and Germany having Men paid for
largely by popular subscription, becauso
sulllclont funds wcro not available in tho
usual way for this untried weapon. Tho
British nit fleet flew In a body to Franco to
Join tho expeditionary army.
But tho nlr forces of n year ago woro ln
significant compared with those of today.
No figures are, of course, given out. But
It wns officially stated several months ago
that Great Britain had Incifascd her aero
planes tenfold, nnd there Is tnlk In London
of raiding Germany with a division of 10,000
flying machines.
Larger aeroplanes nro coming Into use.
Great Britain Is following tho Russlnn Sikor
sky Idea in constructing giant machines
capable of carrying 20 men, while Germany
Is said to be about to bring forth a triple
decked inachlno armed with four machine
guns nnd a revolving cannon.
Suporlorlty of tho Blplnno
The great, costly Zeppelin dirigibles, whllo
proving of somo utility, have bcon thrown
Into tho shado by tho cheap, quickly built
blplano. Tho latter has proved superior to
tho monoplane, becauso steadier, and tho
military air pilot cannot choose his breeze.
According to tho German account, the war
opened with a flight of French aeroplanes
over certain German towns, on which bombs
were dropped prior to a declaration of war.
This Is denied by the, Fronch. Hpwovor It
may bo, tho now military arm was not long
In demonstrating its worth.
The Germans began to correct tho firo of
their batteries with aeroplanes flying over
tho enemy's positions, and dropping smoko
balls or streamers of tinsel as signals. Whllo
tho Germans had prepared for this first, the
Allies wcro not long in Imitating their ex
ample. Aeroplanes raided railway Junctions, forti
fied towns and encampments, dropping ex
ploslvo bombs which often did great damage.
On these raids many civilians suffered. Spe
cial aeroplane squadrons were organized to
protect Paris frpm visiting airmen, and theso
woro finally successful In checking German
activity along this line.
The French brought out n now weapon In
sheaves of short stool arrows, which, dropped
from the height of half a mile, would easily
pierce a man from head to foot. The Ger
mans Imitated theso arrows In a few weeks,
marking on them, "Invented in France, but
mado In Germany."
Every German column on tho great march
Into Franco was accompanied by Its aero
plano flying overhead, like a guardian angel.
The Germans undoubtedly had a superiority
over the Allies In tho air at the beginning
of the war. Especially -was this true In tho
Eastern thentro of war, where many Rus
sian reverses were attributed by the Ger
mans to their enemy's lack of aeroplanes or
to lneptitudo In their use.
Airships Liko Flocks of Birds
While single aeroplanes were the rule In
the early months of tho war, the British
and French nro now sending out squadrons
to accomplish Important work. Such air
fleets attacked tho Zeppelin works at Frled
rlchshaven, on Lnko Constance, and the
chemical works at Ludwlgshaven. Accounts
of damage done on theqe raids are conflict
ing. The French asserted that large fires
had been caused.
On Juno 15 23 Allied aeroplanes dropped
130 bombs on Karlsruhe, capital of Baden,
killing 11 persons and wounding many
others. The French stated offh;lally that
this raid wns made "In retaliation for the
bombardment by the Germans of French and
English open towns." That this reprisal was
WAR AND COTTON
One Year's Depression Cannot Offset ' a
Decade of Prosperity.
Frpm tho Review of rtevlews.
With a supply of cotton about 2.000,000 bales
lees than that of tho past year in prospect, the
Bouthern cotton belt fronts a European situa
tion more acute, perhaps, than that of August
1, 10U, but having now the quality of certainty
in one direction that It did not then have.
More foreign buyers of Southern cotton are at
War, but It Is obvious that a considerable
quantity of cotton that otherwise would not
have been sold because of parttat or complete
paralysis of mill operations In Europe has been
boueht for use In the manufacture of explo
sives or of other articles of wholesale demand
In war. Ceasatlen from that use In the ending
of the war will tend to revive the normal de
mand, If not to Increase It.
Other facts reduce the weight of considera
tions grounded In the war. There have been
other years of lean prices. Between 1691 end
1899 the average annual price per pound, New
York, for middling uplands fell from 9 03 cents
to cents a pound, the 11,275,000 bales, with Xhp
seed, of the commercial crop of 1898.99 brought
I168.000.000 lass than the HS6.000.000 paid for the
crop of 8,053.000 bales of 1890-91, and the average
annual value per bale, with seed. In thenlno
years was only til 29 In an aggregate value of
3.8U.O00.00O for 60,330,000 bales. v "
On the other hand, In the nine years'. 1908-H,
the average annual price per pound .was In no
year lees than 10 cents, and tha aggregate value
of HT.8t8.C0O bales of the nine crop with eeed,
wan t9.iff,wv,uw. ur an averageor IH.H per
bale. Nearly WO0.0OO.O09 a year brought Into the
cotton belt In payment for he cotton crop
was a deeided contribution, direct and Indirect,
to the Increase In the tangible wealth of the 11
Btatee at the average rate of about 81,983,000,000
a year, the census estimate of the true value
of property tn thoae Bttes showing an In.
craase between 190t and1913 from 811.561,782,000
to $7,lJ,37,ooo Of theaggregate In the layer
year IH.918.458 000. or narly 55, per cent. repVe
sented the value ofeal estate and improve
ments, live stock and farm machinery
Again, it la well o bear in mind the volume
of total production in the 11 states compared
with cotton production. In 1913 the value of
the agrlculUiralrroducttgn wan not 1m thai
8t,7v08O.009, of which U.000.000,000 repeetd
eettOB and it seed, the value of the mineral
output we 8tl8,0eaj00 and the value of foriat
produeui wsi H88.oq0.000. a totaj value of prl
waiy uredufcts ot fS.Ml,8,04e, while the value of
wanuftoBtee into which sueh products entered
was netlees than 11900.000,00 Of this total
6.l.eo9) value of primary and ultimate prod
uwt jfae value ot cotton and its seed was lei
lkAben M fnt "
""r .T- - --.
year of lo on Uve eotteo crop vwzaL
In M vaara uouitu iu.. k!??M5
.s,0' " ?5a3K
I value. om4 umUt2J
LjMare
'THE NATIONS' AIRY NAVIES"
Snlendid Record of Achievement of the Newest Weapon
SpICllrn Warfare-Guardian Angels of the Armies Spy 1
Out the Land and Prevent Surprise Attacks.
unwise, whether Justified, wns proved by ln
ahswer of tho Germans, a Zeppelin raid g
the English coast towns, which resulted I
the death of 16 persons nnd probably df
vastly more havoc than tho Karlsruhe r&fe
This wns not the first Zeppelin raid thf
had resulted In the killing of civilians, f
tho slcgo of Antwerp, at tho beginning 3
October, a Riant gas bag had spread terro
nnd destruction by pausing: over the city (,
the night dropping enormous high exploafy,
bombs, which rent buildings to bits m
killed many persons. Zeppelins also attache
Paris several times, nnd other French citle
suffered. In the general opinion of crttlCe
however, tho military effect of tho Zoppclfi
raids was nil. !
The first Zeppelin raid on England, Qer
many's arch enemy, took placo January fi
8ix dirigibles attacked nine dlfforent town!
killing flvo persons and doing their prlnclpf
damage in the city of Yarmouth. J
The British soon shut down on till R
formation concerning tho routes of tittackfn,
aeroplanes or Zeppelins, giving out fit
scantiest reports.
Tho first German raid on London, whlci
resulted In tho death of sovcrol personi
caused the British Ambassador to WashIiS
ton to call tho attention of tho America
Government to the Impossibility of defend
Ing tho great city against attacks from tj
air, because missiles hurled at the assail
nnts would fall back Into tho crowded clTj
and do more damage to the Inhabitants thai
to the Germans. ?!
"I Am Satisfied"
H
I
Some of tho most daring feats of tho Va,
hnvo been performed by alrmon. When thr
Germans began to bombard Dunkirk with1"
great gun stationed 23 miles awny a Frencj
airman went out to locate it. Flying Iot
he proceeded 12 miles behind the Gennir
lines, A storm of shrapnel carried awaj
part of his machine and &avo tho avlatb
himself a horrible wound. He noted, how
over, tho great gun hidden ln a deep dltcl
roofed over with concrete. i
rlcsplto the hurts of his machine and him
self ho managed to reach tho Allied lines
whero he mado his report, and a fow mln
utes later dropped dead, saying, "I am sat
Isfted." Tho big gun was soon put out e
commission,
Tho first aviator to bring down a Zeppelli
was Lieutenant Warneford, a whlto Brltlc
Indian. Happening upon a hostile dirlglbl
while scputlng ln Belgium, he dropped '
bomb on It by skilful maneuvering. The ex
plosion which followed caused his aeroplan
to turn over twice In tho air, but ho re
gained control beforo landing. Tho wrecke
Zeppelin fell on a convent. Warneford man
aged to start his englno again and get to tb
British lines, but a fow days "later he wa
klllod, with an American corresponden
while trying somo fancy flying.
Italy's campaign agalnBt Austria opene
with air raids on both sides. Rome reporte
that tho enemy arsenal at Pola was almoi
entirely destroyed by bombs dropped from a
Italian dirigible, and Austrian avlatoi
dropped explosives aimed at points ot mil
tary Importance ln Vcnjcc, oovoral persoi
belns Injured.
When the German fortified port of Tslni
Tao in China was about to fall a Germa
aviator roso abovo tho Japanese and flew
great distance Into the Interior of Chin
Ho later reached the coast, managed to em
bark In disguise, nnd, passing through th
United States, is believed to havo cntere
Germany ln safety.
Seaplanes have been of great lmportanc
to British fleet operations In tho North Se.
while they have been of assistance in fh
Galllpoll campaign In directing the fire c
great naval guns over high hills at fortlflee
tlons entirely out of sight of the warships.
Aeroplanes have also proved valuable I
locating submarines,' tho track of which ca
be perceived from an altitude over tho oceat
and one aviator by a lucky shot.managcd t
destroy an undersea boat. '
The biggest .aeroplane raid of the war too
placo July 13, when 35 French machine
dropped 171 bombs on tho railway station I
Vlgnnalles, la tho Woevre. J
In several States of the 11, in forests covedn
I05.OCv.000 acres end In farms embracing 23J,
000.000 acres, of which only 116,120,000 are a
present improved.
THE NATIONAL POINT OP VIEW
So Bocker, a good deal of a man In spite e
his crimes, passes, and his widow Is left deio
late and carrying a burden of disgrace. AH wll
pity her, Baltimore Sun. 3
There will never be order ln Mexico unu
force compels It. Within no euch force exlsg
or la likely to exist, it must therefore com
from without. Louisville Courier-Journal. I
jj
Ihe sinking of the Eaatland was avpldable. I
scarcely happened by chance. Given the condl
tlons, thellsaater was Inevitable, but the condl
tlons were under man's full control. Clevelaa
Plain I)ealer. 1
Possibly this Government welcomes the Hal
tlan row as an opportunity to demonstrate Jj
Mexiro what may happen there If condition
south of the nio Grande do not improved
Washington Star. j
Perhaps John Wanamaker resigned the chalj
manahlp of tha Executive Committee of tl
Philadelphia ChaDter of tha National ftarmlD
League In order to devote all hla time to rag
Ing that hundred billion dollars with whlchwl
uuy BiBium. inatanapoiia News.
THE SUMMER SKY
The shining Dipper swings
Above my garden gate,
And In the centre of the blue
,?w,.rosette' Arcturus, hangs.
While Vega dances in the east
With four attendant,! frail
The Twins go wandering down the westc
'" 'os oeyono .our pale,
To dream fields far away I
The sun's last fiamtngs pale and die.
Ana evening spreads her dusky wing,
ftpw printed on the western sky
ovuHBura ana a enver ring. -
Cblcmjo TrlbWrfeq
m
AMUSEMENTS
B. F, KEITH'S THEATRE J
OHBSTNUT ANO TWBLFTH STRfciWS f
"THR MTCTSnnrc-pQTwnwpc!' I
T " fcwyr aiiA isari
THE
MARKET ST ABuVB
Stanley
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