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THE AVEflAOn NHT PAID DAIX.V CIltCULA-
TION OF TI113 EVENINC1 LDDaER
FOlt JUNE WAS 02,861.
rillLADrlJ'IllA. UllDAY. JULY 30, 1915.
Divine discontent is discontent with yourself,
not with tour nclghoor.
A New Sort of Policeman
TUB policeman can go a good deal further
than being a "big brother to tho boy."
Judge MacNclllo's conception can bo and
should bo extended to Boclety In general.
Mayor Baker, of Cleveland, writes In tho
Atlantic Monthly: "Wo must stop regarding
policemen as mcro keepers of order, and wo
must enlargo our view of their duties far bo
yond tho arrest of criminals nnd tho torror
lzatlon of tho neighborhood small boy."
He doesn't mnlto tho best sort of picture
whon ho calls this new officer "tho social
policeman." But his conception la right.
Tho business of tho pollco is to arrest law
breakers; but It la nlso to prevent law
breaking. And a hundred forms of law
breaking tnko their start far back In social
causes that a sanely managed police forca
could do much to check.
Mayor Baker would mako tho policeman's
work a Ufo career, with an apprenticeship
served In a field where duties should bo
"largely on tho social side duties such ns
sanitary Inspection, trafflc control, Juvonllo
recreation and correction, tho regulation of
amusements and patrolling parks and public
places In which pcoplo congregato for recrea
tion, this work, under such conditions as
conduce to the development of tho social
sense, would, therefore, train Into theso fu
ture policemen, In their lmprcsslonablo years,
a sympathy with people, born of association
with them and of Jiclpfulnesj extended to
men and women and children as part of a
duty flowing from employment by society
Itself." r
The recipe may bo wrong, but the Inten
tion Is admirable. Not until tho policeman
takes other thlngB besides law-breaking un
der his care will ho strike at tho roots of
crime. And not till then will ho havo that
public regard and public trust which will
make his work both a fine and an easy ac
complishment. ,, Bush Leaguo Work
ENGLAND says that out of 31,385 sailings
and arrivals at British ports sinco tho
Bubmarlno war began, only 98 merchant ves
sels flying the Union Jack have been sunk.
Germany furnishes an unofficial figure of
229 for English vessels and 202 for thoso of
all nations Including; apparently, tho trawl
ers and fishing boats.
Even so, tho submarines will have to im
prove their batting average If they expect
to land tho pennant, .009 is bush league work.
How to Be Healthy, Though on a Vacation
OSTENSIBLY you go on a vacation to
find or to Improve your health. But
how many achieve it? To most of us a va
cation Is a respite from toll, with a llcenso
to overeat, oversleep nnd overdo nearly
everything that wo tako in normal doses dur
ing tho period of hard labo-. Who is there
who hasn't returned from a vacation spoiled
by Indigestion, excesslvo play or a1 lazy In
dulgence in doing nothing, with the convic
tion that tho pleasures and Increased health
he expected to And were a delusion?
The best vacation Is not so much freedom
from the necessity of working as It is a
change, new scenes, new people, now Ideas,
all taken In moderation. As such they are
a tonic When you start forth, Just to avoid
the necessity of calling In a physician to
diagnose your ailment, take the advice of
Jonathan Swift and consult "the three best
doctors In the world Doctor Diet, Doctor
Quiet and Doctor Merryman." They will tell
you to eat moderately of digestible foods, to
let alcoholic liquors alone and then to re
member, as Solomon said, that "a merry
heart doeth good like a medicine."
Wlle your sins mUBt .be atoned for In the
next world, you havo to pay for your follies
also in this one,
Literary Sowers of Discord
DEFENSE 1b one thing. Antagonism is
another. When pleas for preparedness
degenerate Into threats that a specific for
eign Power is plotting to attack ana aubduo
America; when they even present In story
form the taking of New York, Boston, Phila
delphia, the whole Eastern seaboard by that
J'enemy," then no amount of talk about
"warnings" and "sacred duties to defense
lew America" can cloud the fast that the
authors of such stories are. committing a
public mischief. '
Stories of the German Invasion of the
United States at some date in the near fu
ture throng' the magazines and book shelves.
One even goes so far as to employ names
and figures of preent-day Bunlle men to
give a bitter touch of reality; General von
Hladenburg shoots down the Singer Tower in
JJsw York, while Theodora Roosevelt makes
topagatooad appeals for ilafeilf. These
seaseJess and diabolical aowera of dleaord
hav gom so far that certain Qarman Inter
eats have been moved to take up just such
cudjfaj themselves and present the equally
fcatvUpbie" Invasion by Oreat Britain and
it m aH very well to try u aewwee urti4
A merle to possible danger It is even per-
m, naibls to do so by a picture of how easily
u i ietribl uur country might be con
t.-.e.tt'd Bjt taain rt vf temperate couaid
r i. a Kwssr5 4hn Use author of
- yiuba.l HaaiB U isd iu ruuas
EVENING
Eriglarid with his play he called the In
vaders subjects of the Empress of tho North,
flight now an American photoplay n sotting
08 good tin example by giving the Intaders
names with no racial characteristics and In
venting uniforms for them which have no
possible resemblance to any eo far devised.
Yet It Is tho movies that are supposed to
need a censor!
Wnittcd! A Woman With Something to Give
THE Bonrd of Education, It has been sug
gested, should consider a woman as Btic
cessor to Doctor Jacobs not any particular
teacher, Just a woman In general, If there
can bo such a thing.
Thero Is Just about a reason and n half
for n woman Superintendent of Schools.
Half of It Is tho fact that women teachers
predominate and are undoubtedly better
fitted by nnture for Imparting knowledge to
young Children than aro men. The rest of
tho renBon will bo simply tho nnmo of tho
particular woman who Is tho superior of any
man avnlttibto for tho Job.
Clmrlotto lludynrd has summed up tho
Philadelphia nltuntlon In nomo remarks on
a very different project: "Tho woman suf
frngo party has asked for a woman on tho
Naval Board of Invention and Development,
but that to mo It entirely tho wrong nttl
tudo to take. Wo mustn't nsk for represen
tation Just bccmiso wo'ro women. Wo must
havo somo very dcflnlto contribution to
make."
A woman out In Chicago, Ella Flagg
Young, had such a contribution; so had Mrs.
Victor Bcrgcr in Milwaukee If Philadelphia
holds a woman llko them, It is tho Board's
business to find her.
Quicn Sabe?
THINGS look brighter In Mexico.
Both Villa and Carranza aro so des
Bpalrful that they lndulgo In sub rosa sug
gestions of conciliation.
England wants Tamplco oil so badly that
sho may settlo tho Bubmarlno dlfllculty for
us If wo will settlo Mexico.
Tho State Department has grown so tired
of waiting for word from tho Brazilian
Minister in Mexico City that It demands a
freo road to tho capital within ten days.
Things look brighter In Mexico.
But qulen sabo?
The Newest German Bogy
EVERY" spoctncular move of tho '-German
army calls up a still moro spectacular
possibility. As soon as tho Warsaw offensive
doveloped, a movement at tho north of tho
lino against Riga brought forth prophecies
that Germany would leavo tho western front
to its present deadlock and launch tho drivo
of another Napoleon on tho capital of Russia.
Now comes a rumor of a great thrust to
tho southward an Boon as tho lssuo In Poland
Is settled. It Is to bo a thrust from south
ernmost Hungary and Bosnia over tho Ser
vian line, down that typhus-swept land and
through Into Turkey to the relief of Con
stantinople. Thero aro a good many difficulties in the
road besides tho Balkan Mountains; thero
are a good many deterrent Influences besides
tho prcssuro of Russia on tho east and of
tho other Allies on the west. Tho Balkans
began the war. Tho Balkans would bo moro
than likely to end It if Germany tried such
a movo. Its success might mean tho saving
of Constantinople, but Its mcro inception
would as suroly mean tho ranging of Ruma
nia, Greece and not Improbably Bulgaria
against a forco aiming to bind peoplo and
races that would bo freo nnd rcnalssant.
Gluts
THIS is a summer of glut in fruits, vege
tables and meats. Everywhere goes up
the plaint of overproduction, Tho meat
dealers can't soil to Europe aa they used,
whllo for somo unknown reason naturo over
In Jersey, down In Delaware and way oft
in all tho fruit States of the country has
begun to double her pence-time capacity.
"Produce glutB local markots," scream tho
headlines. The truck farmers can't find
a sale for all their goods. Philadelphia Is
being filled up chock-a-block with eatables.
But has anybody noticed a shocking de
crease In tho retail price? Thero may bo
more food than usual, but the ultimate con
sumer Isn't getting it. Somewhere between
the producer, who finds 111 luck In his own
prodigality, and tho housewife, who buys
beef, eggs and fruit at the same old prices,
somebody is raking oft the surplus. It Is
one of tho bitterest misfortunes of civiliza
tion that it can't tako full advantage of Us
own richness.
Private Charities to the Rescue
PHILADELPHIA can't bo too thankful
right now for Its private charities. What
would tho poor of the clty'a overcrowded dis
tricts do without such benefactors as the lato
John F. Smith, who founded tho pleasure
park at Red Bank, to which the Sanitarium
Association recently took 4000 blissfully
happy children and their parents. And what
substitute could be provided for the scores of
boys' clubs and similar organizations man
aged and financed to make life moro endur
able for those who cannot fly from tho heat
of the city?
And yet this Is Justvthe time when Councils
permits nine of Its playgrounds to close,
Whllo this body appropriates for a political
Junketing trip a sum twice aa great as the
amount necessary to keep them open.
There may be, as the politicians say, some
overlapping In the work of private charities,
but whllo the politicians do nothing the
charities work. And Just now tho city should
glvo thanks that these organizations are
busy. They aro sending children by "tho thou
sands to the seashore, tho country and the
Bummer camps. They are keeping their
playgrounds and swimming pools open when
thero Is the greatest need for them. To these
organizations, not the political type, Phila
delphia now owes a debt of gratitude.
Russia lifts the embargo on trade to this
country, but the caviar market continues
stable.
"Agent of Frenoh Government buys 3,000,000
tons of ogal," while Russia purchases 1,000,000
rifles to guard It?
I 1 1 . i in i , m M
The P R. T. should keep U eye on Detroit,
where they buy out rjtfrtvgtflry street car
eompanlfta,
' ' nj I II Ji i
Now that Georgia has g$ne In to celebrate
her Battle Industry, let us hepe no new war
will bring out a "buy-a-bulf movement.
The 10,090 chickens needed to feed the 10,000
men who will build a road ISO mllea from
Fulton, K to Memphis aren't a tithe of the
crop that the autoe will harveet oa that
road
Seventh Jay Adventistat encamped in Texas
expect "the merebaltng of the armiea ol the
Lord in the kj Juat aa en ad the A Ilia
eawture CMmautlnopie Thus dsfuntag th
aOUa.UttJtt tu aa iudAntte period.
LEDGER PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1915.
FEW AMERICAN
EXPATRIATES
Henry James Was Preceded in For
swearing His Allegiance to tho
United States by W. W. Astor,
Baron Fairfax and Hudson Maxim.
By GEORGE W. DOUGLAS
THE stream of migration to theso shores
has bo strong n current that thero aro
few back eddies. Onco a Irian becomes an
Amorlcan by birth or naturalization ho holds
fast to his country with a grip that nothing
can unloose. Thero aro few exceptions, but
they provo tho rule.
Henry James was onco a real American, If
n man brought up within tho shadow of Har
vard University can bo so described. Ho
has lived In England bo many yeors, how
ever, that his Interest In Amorlca has long
slnco faded away. Whon ho foresworo his
allcglanco the other day and becamo n Brit
ish subject ho merely made a formal recog
nition of a fact which ho had long admitted
In his own mind, namely, that ho la an Eng
lishman. In his explanation of his unusual
course unusual for a real American ho
uses some fine words about throwing his
moral weight nnd personal allcglanco Into
tho Bcalo of tho contending nations, and thus
delivers a characteristically Jamcslan rebuko
to tho noutrnllty of his nattvo country.
Jnmoa Was Onco Human
Tho distinguished man of letters wns onco
a very human sort of person, as tho anec
dotes of his youth Indicate When a smalt
boy ho hnd a bitter quarrel with his brother,
William, later famous as a psychologist.
After searching his youthful mind for tho
most bitter fato that could befall a person,
Henry finally wished that William might bo
doomed to finding lumps in Ills mashed pota
toes for tho rest of his natural life. This
was his earlier manner. His later manner
wns admirably described by Gertrude Ather
ton when sho eald that "Ho makes olaborato
tapestries of Ideas and phrases, which give,
as all good tapestries do, a kind of nn Idoa
of life." Ho used to write, but thoy say ho
has dictated his books for years and rambles
on at his case. This Is why It is so hard
for most of ub to read him. Jly friend, S.,
howover, says that if you will only read him
aloud and reproduce tho process of dictating
tho whole puzzlo unravels Itself Into tho
beautiful flowing stream of crystalline) clear
ness that first poured Into tho cars of tho
stenographer.
Ho is now among tho few American ex
patriates, howover. His transfer of al
lcglanco is not likoly to attract so much at
tention as that of William Waldorf Astor
received when ho finally dccldod to become
an Englishman, Astor was tho hoir to one
of tho greatest American fortunes. Ho had
married an American wlfe.tho beautiful Mary
Dahlgren Paul, daughter of tho lato James
W. Paul, of this city, and ho had been hon
ored by his State and by tho nation. He
Bcrved two terms In tho New York Legisla
ture and ho was United States Minister to
Italy from 1882 to 1880, and ho had further
ambitions. Indeed, he was a candidate for
a scat In Congress, but was defeated In a
district whero ho was confident that ho could
bo elected. Soon after this defeat ho took up
his rcsldonco abroad.
It was said at tho tlmo that ho left Amor
lca because of ptquo at this political failure,
but his friends say that ho went to London
because tho sensational newspapers made It
unsafo for his fnmlly to livo In New York.
Thoy printed exaggerated stories of his
wealth and told of plots to kidnap his chil
dren, until ho concluded that If ho wanted
to livo In peaco ho must go somowhero else.
Ho bought a great housoontho Thames, and
has been living the life of an English gentle
man ever since. He becamo a naturallzod
British Bubject in 1899, and his Bon has been
elected to Parliament and his daughter has
married an Englishman. Notwithstanding
FINAL PASSING OF THE FREAKS
' V
Tho Philistine Survived Longer Than Any Other of the Decadent Brood of
the Last Century Moods, a Product of Philadelphia Youth and
Genius ; the Chap Book, the Lark and Other Ephemeridae.
By ST, GEORGE
A GREATER pother has been made about
tho death of the Philistine, tho last num
ber of which was issued this month, after a
Ufa of 20 years, than about tho doccaBo of all
the numerous progeny of decadence that came
Into bolng In the last ten years of the 19th cen
tury. The Philistine lived so long because It
was nn excellent advertisement for tho big
printing factory that Elbert Hubbard operated
in East Aurora with the same eye to the main
chance that he turned weatherward when he
started the soap business booming with a pre
mium system. If there ever was a hardened
advertiser, It was E. II., and his son evidently
Inherits the commercial Instinct of the father.
But the Philistine was a mildly interesting
periodical when It was started. Its motto, taken
from John Calvin, "Those Philistines who en
gender animosity, Btlr up trouble and then
smile," well described Its purpose. And those
who liked little ructions liked it. But Hubbard
did not write all of It, tha statement to the
contrary Jn the valedictory number notwith
standing. The contributors to the first mim 1
ber Included E. R White, William Mcintosh,
Rowland B. llaliany and Mark F. Warren, It
was not till February, 1889 the Unit number
was dated June, 1S65 that Hubbard began to
write 1( all. In the January number he an
nounced, "Beginning with the next number of
this magazine, I propose to write every article
and paragraph of it. Including advertisements
and testimonials of Roycroft books," The beat
number In all the 30 years came out In March,
1880, for that Is the one that contains the me
sage to Garcia, The message has no title, but
starts right off with a red Initial and goes
straight ahead to the end. Moat of us are will
ing to forget all else that the man did, but wa
want to keep that message.
There went down on the Lueltanla along with
Hubbard the man who was ahead of hbn In the
dMadeat nM- He was Herbert P. eHoae, and
his Chan Rook, published in Chicago, was oi.e
of the Diet. If not the first, of the freak pub
Itoatlaas that appeared In that famous decade
of the lot century. It was shaped luce the
old Bngllsh chap book which uaed to be sold
about the streets of London, and Stone secured
a lot of oofitrltmtors who have since won
fa ma The tJ$e of contents at the fourth vol
ume, nmaias front Koveaaher, iMC te May.
UK. Utelude the ftagAM ef Riefcand Btytpn,
Bile Carman. Madison Cawein, Stephen Crane.
JcJia lavldon Norman Okie. Mmltu Oar
laed. Cfeerie U U Hubert. Max UerboJun,
Norman Hapguvd Hem Jiuuw TtiJiuM
VcfaiwvtUi .rii-tffcs4, a. a, Wctu aad lovaei
his German ahecstry, ho la now as English
as those whoso forebears came over with
William tho Conqueror.
When young Albert Klrby Fairfax, heredi
tary 12th Baron Fairfax of Camoroti, gave
up his American citizenship a fow years ago
and claimed his Scotch title his notion cx
plained Itself. Tho sixth baron camo to
America, and his grandsons from tho ninth
baron onward were American citizens, Tho
11th baron, who married tho daughtor of
Colonel Edward Klrby, U. S. A., died In 1890,
nnd his widow waa living hot long ago nt tho
seat of tho family at Northampton, Land
over, Prlnco Georgo's County, Md. Her
Bon, Albert Klrby Fairfax, was an employe
of Brown Brothers, bankers, of New York.
When his father died ho dccldod to claim
tho honors that had been conferred on his
ancestor, Sir Thomas Fairfax, Bon of tho
High Sheriff of York, in 1020. Ho went to
London, nworo alleglanco to tho British crown
nnd went Into tho banking business, nnd Is
now a partner In n houso with oftlcca In tho
English cnplitil nnd Now York. His name
appears In Whtttakor's Baronotago nnd Peer
ago of Great Britain as tho 12th Baron Fair
fax n,nd his mother's ilamo Is thero nlso as
Ladv Fairfax of Cameron, along with tho
names of his cousins, ono of whom Is holr
to the title, as tho presont baron Is unmar
ried, Tho Caso of Hirnm Mnxtm
No criticism of America Is Involved In tho
abandonment of Amorlca by theso men But
ns much cannot bo said of Sir Hiram
Maxim's settlement in England. This In
ventor of explosives and other war munitions
rocolvod, no encouragement nt home, but ho
was welcomed In England, and tho Govern
ment encourngod him and pntronlzod him In
a way so substantial that It was posstbla for
him lo fcairy out all tho experiments In which
ho was Interested. Ho Invented smokeless
powder, known as maxlmlto, and made other
Important discoveries so vnlunblo to a mili
tary nation that ho was knighted In 1901,
Just 21 years after ho loft America. Thoy
havo a way of encouraging Inventors over
thero which wo havo not yet found. Only tho
permanent etaff In tho War and Navy Do
pnrtmonts hero know how many vnlunblo
mllltnry discoveries have been sold abroad
becnuso of tho lndlffcrcnco of our Govern
ment. Tho Wright brothers, every ono
knows, had to go to Europo boforo thoy
could find any ono In authority willing to
tako tholr invention seriously.'
Wo enn afford to loso an Astor or a Fair
fax or a James now and then, but tho nation
surf eta when a man llko Sir Hiram Maxim
puts his lnventlvo gonlus nt tho servlco of
another Powor.
THE NATIONAL POINT OF VIEW
The country 1 getting In tho' humor to ac
cept tho opinions tho Colonel and tho Peerless
Ono entertain of each other. Florida Times
Union. Colonel Roosevelt would doubtless approve
of a song dedicated to Undo 8am entitled, "I
Did Not Ralso My Ship to Bo Torpedoed."
Wurhlngton Star.
The more ono hoars about tho Eastland, the
more ono feels that somebody know enough
to tako tho necessary action to forestall tho
Chicago tragedy. Indianapolis News.
John Wanamaker has enlarged his suggestion
for the purchaso of Belgium to Includo tho pay
ment of Indemnity for northern France. Why
not purchase nil of Europo and end the war
right away? Cleveland Plain Dealer.
CONFERENCES BY THE SEA i
For weeks and weeks the Penrose men
And those of Jim McNichol
H.w'e met again and yet again.
Yet not a word may trickle
Of what theso leaders talked about,
No leader gives such tidings out.
For weeks the lenders, sad and grim,
Havo been. In secret, talking
Of this and that resolve or whim,
Perhaps who knows? of balking.
But novor have thoy given out
The subjects that they talked about.
The truth is covered with a blur;
ThU constant meeting wearies,
Yet now tho leaders will confer,
Not onco, but In a series.
Bi't there is hope; thoy won't give out
The things that they may talkfnbout.
"ZIP."
UOLTON
Zangwlll, besides numerous others more or less
welt known. Tho name of Wells is attached
to one of the best ch:t storiea in the lan
guage, a creepy, gruesome thing, done with the
mastery of a literary artist.
The Lark appeared in San Francisco at about'
thh time, under the direction of Gelett Bur
gess, and it was as Joyous and irresponsible
aa Its name. It was In Us pages that Burgess'
"Purple Cow" first appeared, the best satire
on freaks and freaklshness that was ever com
pacted Into four lines. But Burgess grew tired
of Its fame, for In the last number of the peri
odical he wrote;
Ah, yes, I wrote the "Purple Cow"
I'm Sorry, now, I wrote It
But I can tell you Anyhow 1
I'll Kill you If you Quote ltl
Philadelphia, however, would bo much more
Interested in Moods than In any other of the
biood of ephemeridae. oven though It forgot
long ago that the magazine ever fluttered about
the horizon. Two numbeja of this Interesting
periodical appeared in 185. under the direction
of B. St. Elmo Lewis, The second number
starts with a poem by Harrison S. Morris, and
there follows a story by Bertram G. Goodhue.
Blnce become a famous architect, jt is ac
companied by what was then called a "prose
pastel." by Ilalph Adams Cram, his partner.
John Luther Long contributed "Glory," a Japa
nese story, and Owen Wlster has some verses.
The longest poem in the vo una Is "The Reply
ot Glgadlbs." by Harvey M Hjatts, There ara
drawings by Robert Henri, William J. Glack
en, John Sloan and his slater Marlanna, Fred
eric R. Qruger, O, W, Cook and others. Jt
was a most Interesting publication, but not
of great Importance. Though started with much
enthusiasm. It died withwjt muah regret, and
thoae who have preserved a sopy 0f it treasure
it as an example ef what youth and gwlus
eau do. '
Neither geniua nor youth could keep the Dally
fttler alive, which appeared for U Joyous
days in New York, in the autumn of im.
Maurice Maeterlinck, William Dean JlPWftlh,
niefcard Hovey jid others contributed te thj
attempt tp revive the BnjjlUh literary puWlea
(ton of the same name, and, SWward Emereon,
Jr , wrote for It aa Imitaties of Pepye' Journal
ia the veto which FrmHtaa p. Adam adopted
yeaia tatv In hie eotumn ef manufactured
humor. i tsere te nothlag aw uader the
us. asd Imitator imitate Imitation The
waole freak wuveojeat Iwtweea is ar.i xyo
a an UnitaUou of a tlntlUr riH'itiarn la
fH sb4 l.nflaa,
HAITI, THE LAND
A Country Where One Can See Things Gro.w, From Coffee Plants1
to devolutions Voodooiam Flourishes With Politics s
and Neither Is Much Better Than the Other.
By GHAItLES
ALL OF ft sudden Haiti has lost another
XX President. Quiet Beemrt to havo settled
down on tho capital, but you never can toll
In Haiti. Haiti In some respocts too closely
resembles Mexico, Nobody knows when n
revolutldn Is going to begin or whon It la
realty over. Llko Mexico, Haiti Is Infected
with generals. Theso generals aro ambitious,
To become a general Is tho first step toward
becoming President. And no President can
avoid being a dictator or, at least, trying
to bo.
According to tho usual courso when ono
President gets out or Is put out, tho now
man makes a clean sweep of thoso who.havo
beon umvlso enough to linger In loyalty
around tho stops of tho deserted throne. A
presidential throne? Oh, yes Haiti. It la
readily to be seen, however, that thero Is no
continuity In Haltlen politics, except a con
tinuity of change. In this regard Mexico has
perhaps n slight advantage over Haiti', but
a moro Berlous aspect of the comparison Ilea
In tho problem which confronts tho United
States. Thero seems to hnvo been a closo
parallel between our Mexican policy and our
Haltlen policy up to tho point .whero a
deflnlto dato was affjxed to "watchful wait
ing" In tho caso of tho country below tho
Itlo Grande. It may bo that tho Administra
tion will consider tho present momont a
favorablo ono for intervention of somo kind
in tho affairs of rovolution-rlddcn Haiti.
Tho name Haiti means "a land of moun
tains." An experienced traveler In tho West
Indies declares that "theso Islands aro politi
cally turbulent in exact proportion to the
rugosity of their physical contour." Appar
ently, then, Haiti has a natural-born right
to bo tho most revolutionary of thorn all.
Mighty mountains, spouting flashing rivers
from their heights, rlso from Its shores. But
tho Haltlen Itcpubllo has a better record
than tho neighbor with which It shares the
Island which was tho sccno of Columbus'
greatest activity In tho Now World. Since
tho final separation ot Haiti and San Do
mingo, 60 years ago, Haiti 'has gona through
only 10 general rovolutlons to San Domingo's
60. Theso woro tho big rovolutlons, not tho
llttlo ones'.
It is not surprising, in view of tho shaky
political conditions in tho Black Republic,
that foreign capital has shunned Haiti, ex
cept as exploiters havo taken advantage of
tho Haltlen's passion for office holding and
fondness for graft. Tho Instability of gov
ernment ennnot bo the only reason for this
avoidance of Haltlen Investments, for tho
natural resources of San Domingo, Venc
zuoln and other turbulent countries havo
been wonderfully doveloped by outside
money. Perhaps raco prejudice has a good
deal to do with It.
Within a llttlo more than 50 years after
tho Spanish settlement of Haiti tho natlvo
Inhabitants had beon virtually extermi
nated. By the treaty of Ryswlck In 1697
Spain ceded tho country (that is, tho western
part ot Hlspanlola) to Franco. Tho extermi
nation of th natives had already led to
tho Importation of blacks from Africa,
and during the 17th and 18th centuries
Haiti becamo a country of largo plantations
owned by rich Fronch landholders and
worked by slaves. At tho beginning of tho
French Revolution tho populatlon.was over
whelmingly black. In 1793 tho English In
vaded Haiti. The French authorities offered
freedom to all slaves who would enrol them
solves as soldiers In ,tho army of defense.
In tho next year a decree abolishing slavery
was published. It was largely duo to the
black soldiers that the English woro driven
out.
A Fino Place to Live, If -
Haiti would be, as an enthusiast describes
It, "ono of tho most deslrablo places of abode
In tho -world" If the elements of desirability
consisted solely In "tho wonderful fertility
ot tho soil, tho healthful climate, the equi
table distribution of rainfall, tho numerous
rivers, tho vast plains nnd valleys, the gor
LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE
i
A Reader Thinks Undo Snm Has "Specs"
Made in Great Britain Soldier Boys nnd
Long-ranee Guns,
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir You had in a recent Issue a cartoon of
the belligerents represented by a man with
glaeoes on. On ono of tho glasses were the
words "German Views," on the other glass
"BrltlBh Views." The man was supposed to bo
reading a volume of International law.
Should not the national Administration be
represented by a man reading with glasses on
both labeled "English Views"? Certainly it
should, for the national Administration Is evi
dently predominated by British diplomacy, so
much so true Americanism Is loBt sight of.
The national Administration Is not neutral
when It permits millions of death-dealing In
struments of war to be shipped to England to
kill those who have done us no harm. The
manufacturers of this munition are enriching
themselves with blood-stained money, and the
high financiers are reaching out their hands
to grasp this blood-dripping- money, The Brit
ish Ambaseador Is evidently making the State
Department his camptng-out place, and la
probably heartily welcomed or there would
not bo so many reports of him being in con
ference with the Secretary of State.
England is going to raise $750,000,000 to hire
allies to fight for her. It a not likely this
country will get any. Perhaps some of the
high officials may get some for using their
Influence to make this country fight against
Germany
It 1. time all true Americans arose and de
manded that the national Administration
throw off Its British yoke and treat England's
unlawful Interference with our commerce In
the same manner the national Administration
is (probably under British Influence) asking
Germany to respect the "freedom of the seas."
"Freedom of the seas I" It l to laugh) When
England has practleally controlled the shipping
of this country and held up over a hundred
American cargo-laden vessels I
Regarding the Lueltania tragedy, upon whioh
this last Wilson note to Germany is based. It
must be borne In mind the moment those
American passengers stepped aboard that
vessel they were technically on British soil
and. voder the protection of tbejaBiityh flag.
The Luattania was munition laden If the
national Administration strictly interpreted
maritime law regarding the loading of muni
tion on a paseenger-earryisg vessel, the Lusl
tenia would have been forbidden to have car
rled any passengers It is to England the na
tional Administration should look for repara
tion for not properly safeguarding the Lusl
taula This last weelc a British vessel sailed
with U.OOO tons of munition and one Amrtoan
paMenger, probably as a shield o protect Bng
lands cargu If this country was at war, how
man newspapers would uphold foreign tuun
tries swadina death Oe.img lnetruiaecie or war
t DM eerule btM-ause tbtw b4l h4 lleu
4a uri L. .u uuliuil, num. If AmwlLa.ui
N
OF L'OUVERTURE ;J
P. KINGSLEY
geous sdoncry nnd tho agricultural poten
tlalltlcs. Another traveler's praise of th
Haltlen landscape goes' further Into details:
"In Uie first place, It Is a nover-onding sun
priso to find In troplo latitudes so many dlN
feront kinds of country. Try to Imagino
vory mountainous region, so varying In alti.
tudo nnd rainfall nnd In tho resulting Cll-1
mato and vegotation mat as you rido across
It from Caribbean to Atlantic you pass!
through Bermuda, Arizona, tho foothills otj
tho Canadian hockics nnu iinu-cinss convene
ttonal tropics resembllhg tho most luxuriant''
parts of tho neighboring Antilles, Cuba and
Porto Rico. Haiti Is as surprisingly varied
ns that. Ono day for companions on
may havo pines and cedars nnd the next
still riding north, by somo latitudinal magio
bo whisked a thousand miles south to follow
a trail through cocoa nnd royal palms, duck- n
lng low-hanging clilstnra of bananas." ,
Evervthlntr In tho Earth ?
Tho mineral wealth of tho country Is large, j
but oxnet scientific iniormation is lodged In
tho hands of mining companies, who are
awaiting fltabld political conditions. Haiti Is
principally nn agricultural country. Stick
nnythlng Into tho ground nnd It will grow.
It Ib hardly nn exaggeration to say that on
can actually seo plants grow. At any rato,
tho plantations aro looked nt rather than
cultivated by tho shiftless laborers. Tho
heavy rains knock off tho coffco borrlcs when
thoy nro rlpo, seed them, nnd tho result 1
tho wonderful Jungles of coffeo bushes, whosa
fecundity Is nowhoro elso equaled.
Coffco Is tho principal crop. Indeed, Haiti 1
suffers from too much coffeo. Halt! Is eco-a
nomlcally depondont on tho coffee crop. It
supplies tho bulk of tho revenues of tho Gov
ernment and tho meagro demands of th?
peasantry of tho mountains and valleys,'
whoso business It Is chiefly that of th:
women and children to gather It and brln
It to tho seaport towns on tholr heads an3
on tho backs of donkeys and horses. Virtu
ally all tho Hnltlen coffco has been shipped',
to Europe, principally to Germany and
France. Tho German market has been lost
and nono gained to tako Its place. Efforts '
havo bpen mado In rocont yenrs to introduce
Haltlen coffco into tho united States; but
notwithstanding It's excellent quality, tho
American Importers will tako llttlo of It,
Toussaint L'Ouvorturo Forgotten
Voodoolsm, with all Its horrible, barbario
pKnn eHtl f1milttlina nmnnn lti npnnla nnd
Itn nrlestfl have nlwnvs exerted considerable f
Influence) on tho Government. But notwlth- i
standing the general Ignorance of tho people, i
Haiti has doveloped a considerable literature
written In French, tho official language of
tho country, nnd somo of It Is ot a high ,
order. Haiti has Its national heroes, of A
courso; but of theso tho murderous Dessallnes
Is held In highest esteem. Tho name of
Toussaint l'Ouverture, a name familiar to
every American schoolboy, and ono which
will live ns long ns history. Is almost for
gotten In Haiti.
A monument to Chrlstopho, a mulatto, who
becamo Haiti's first President In 1807 and
later assumed the royal tltlo of Henri I,
"King of tho North," is tho great citadel ot
La Forrlere. Ho constructed It of solid
masonry on tho summit of n mountain 5000 j
feet high. Some of the walls aro 80 feet high
and 16 feet thick. Tho vast fortress has
many subterranean passages and secret ,
chambers, In which it Is supposed that some j;
of his hoarded wealth Is stIU burled. j
In 1842 an earthquake partially destroyed
tho structuro: but tho colossal ruins ,otlll4
uueai. mu Biguuiiu wuui ui u. ui-iu, uuu iu? j
world wonders now how tho work was dona
and how tho material for tho construction i
nnd tho armament over got to tho top of the
mountain. The whole entorprlso is clouded
In mystery and romance. Tho citadel covers
tho peak, dominates tho surrounding coun
try, can bo plajnly seen from the harbor of
Capo Haltlen, arid is frequently visited by
tourists.
they should do so at their own peril and not
expect this country to protect thorn.
GEORGE WATSON.
Ithaca, N. Y July 20.
MOTHERS AND SOLDIER BOYS
To the Editor of tho Evening Ledgef:
Sir Your article ot a fow days ago on "Pre
paredness and Militarism" reminded mo of a
little parody on "I Didn't Raise My Boy to
Be a Soldier," which I heard from a New York
friend. I am Inclosing tho parody and I hope
it will Interest both Bryan's "Jlngolsts" and
Rocsevelt's "sopheada." Hero It is:
I didn't raise my boy to bo a, roldler,
But It his country calls him let him go;
I'd rather seo u musket on his shoulder
Than see this country beaten by some foe.
I envy mothers of those bravq old soldiers
nno uauy "iisi ana uoiuiy marcn awuj, h
uneraa oe no u. a. A.
If you mothers all would say,
"I didn't ralso my boy to be a soldier."
Philadelphia, July 27. F A. a
RANGE OF AMERICAN GUNS
To tho Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir Would you please publish In your EvENnfO '
Lcoaen whether or not the United States his
a gun that shoots SO miles or more? Also how ,
far they do shoot. IUVIN M. SNYDEa
Pcttsvlile, Pa., July 20. '
Neither the United States nor any other
Power hag a gun that will Bhoot BO miles Our s
coast defense guns have a range of about H
rnnea. uaitor -or the mvknino i.tmauB j
UNINTENTIONAL
From the Boston Transsrlpt.
Little Ray, aged 3. had fallen and was bawl
ing vigorously, when his tiny sinter said to.
comfort him; "Don't cry, Ray; you didn't mean,
to nurt yourself,"
THE OHIO PREFERENCE
Vrota the Ohio State Journal.
Billy Ireland spells pantalette without tb ;
t-e, but personally we think they should bej
us tons as poasioie.
i ,
FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE
From the AtUnile Uily nvlw.
"Claret" Is the name of the Minnehaha a cani
tain. He could never get Into the Araerica&l
riavy.
'1 "T Nl'-YMnssegsaBg-ry-y "T- '
AMUSEMENTS
I I HI - .-.I.! ,i . I , n , . A-
B. F. KEITH'S THEATRE
,OHBS?jrUT AN!) TWELFTH 8TBEB18
LILLIAN SHAW
Hell Family i IUsi Witeiiie, Deldmer a Stwwart. 1
a&d Other IdKwa TburUr will act BarmaKi!
Toqajf, ;o to S:p, la Cryul ijobky
NIXOH'8
Uyatertous Hrlndaoiour . Ray
GRAND
Dooly Trio. AiutUna te
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Wty.l.llTlt oiby Riauuo4 4 iw iia.&svai
A Hack. Pub Fuu Film
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