i m mrn","ni ;3sfy i ui FINAL 111 II . W .. LI I fl y MrTyFcrlK m m I B H m m 1 i . B " JT ; . e VOL. I NO. 247 PHILLIES BEAT BROOKLYN, 54; SENATORS BLA M STAND ON RIGHTS KEYNOTE OF U. S. POLICY TOWARD GERMANY President's Reply Frye, Destroyed ; Insists on Indemnity for Violation f'of Pact With Rejoinder on Lusitania Expected. The United State i standing not on pleat for International eomltv. llbt upon it right! a a nation in the German-American crisis, precipitated $by the Teuton high-tea policy at evidenced in the Lutitania. Gulflinht. if rye and other catet. ' Pretident Wilton't reply on the William P. Frye, dettroyed by the Eitel Friedrich, afford tettimony to the firm attitude of the United State in it demand for protection of itt shipping from tea raiden. Thit country iiitittt on payment of full indemnity, not a a right under the treaty of 1828 with the Kingdom of Pruttia, fulfilment of the term of which now devolve ton Germany, but for specific violation of that pact. ' Meanwhile, all ignt point to a conciliatory German reply to Pretident Wilton' tccond Lutitania note. Ambattador Gerard ha communicated t(avorablo report to Secretary of State 'ven Bethmann-Hollweg and toreign vficialt confirm the expectation of .exceedingly friendly to America. ' "WASHINGTON, June 23. f Publcatton of tho American note Bent to - Germany on Juno 24 with regard o ino case of tha. American four-maatcd Bhlp .William P Frye, sunk by tho Gorman I; auxiliary cruiser Prlnz Eitel Frlearlch ' last January, discloses tho fact wai mo i controversy has become ono regarding tho i Interpretation of tho treaty or. ibjs do- 'tween the United States and Prussia. ' Indirectly, by virtue of certain claims tmade by tho German Government as to her right to sink neutral vesaols carry lhir contraband, tho correspondence also Ms.comlnic to have d bearing on the ls i4s .Involved InOiBubmarlno question. " The note, made public hero shbws the : United States for tho secona irai uiiuws exception to tho German plan of having . r mu nettled in a prize court. p. The United States renews its demand for ,. the payment of Indemnity, tno amount, ui which it asserts snouiu oe ubh in direct negotiations between the two , Governments. AGAINST A PRIZE COUIIT. r. It Is made clear In tho note that the i "United-States will have noming w uu . with any prlie court proceedings wni the German Government may Institute ' In the Fryo case. Tho stand of tho United States In this Scale rests wholly UDon the provisions of Fthe treaty of 182S, which, as Germany ! herself admitted in the nrstoxchange of I notes on the subject, rendered her llablo to pay an Indemnity for the destruction i'ct the Frye. r Germany having been the first to Invoke t M 13 treatv as still in force and applying to this Issue, the Stato Department is s trying to hold her to tho ground she has : taken. The issue is thus summed up by ; Secretary Lansing In his latest note: "The real question between the two -Governments Is what reparation mOat bo made for a breach of treatv obligations, and that is not a question which falls i within the Jurisdiction of a prize court." It Is said further that the United States Government "cannot recognize the pro ' Drlety" of submitting the Frye claim to a German prize court for settlement. THE SUBMARINE QUESTION. Secretary Lansing also dissents most vigorously from claims put forwurd by aermahy in the note to which Ills com munication Is a reply, to the effect that the treaty of 1823 iilves either party tho light to destroy a vessel belonging to the olher party when carrying contraband, If it is not practicable to stop the contra ' band In any other way. This Is the contention which has been regarded h.cre as bearing upon Germany's submarine operations. It is believed here tnat the German Government is seeking to have the urlie court review the pro visions of the treaty of 1823 In the hopo of getting a court decision which w(ll strengthen her position In regard to the destruction by submarines of neutral shins carrying contraband. Replying to this contention, Mr. Lansing Bays: "The Government of the united mates cannot concur In this conclusion. On the contrary, it holds that these treaty pro visions do not authorize the destruction of a neutral vessel In any circumstances. By Its express terms the treaty prohibits vert tho detention of a neutral vessel carrying contraband if tho master of tho vessel is willing to surrender the contraband." THE WEATHER f. The weather speaks bo eloquently for tueii inese days mat jncru atui.7 any necessity In Baying much about It. It's a long Jane, however, that does not come back buttered, und we are, very much, afraid along about tho first of July ton tufll t.A enh.ntail fnr snmA lit that tin peakable, climate that has characterized . me Beginning of every momn einee awnx back In the mlddla of the spring. How ever. Vfhal la in nmA ia OnlV a nSSSing worry, and we might Just as well rosfce the bay that Is worth two In the bush. , Don't forget that this Is not rewely good vweattwr we are having, but very wonder- 'there U an accompanying Umperature ' that makes lite Just as well worth living ,.ln this hamlet of urs as it U In the Mountains or the seashore or whrver Jroii are In the habit of taking your YH(a- Wo are all havlnga vaoU pf bow, FORECAST For Philadelphia m4 -J. pruing clomhHste and warmer tonight, yi-oiaWj fetUmtf by ekowerf Weddav; Hokt, southerly umd. ff'vr U tails, turn pay k. TREATY to Note on W. P. by Raider Eitel, PrussiaFavorable Laming. Conference of Chancellor Minister von Jagow with Vienna of. an amicable adjuitment a Austria i BERLIN, Juno 29. ..7 , or von JaKw. the German Foreign Mir. ster and Chancellor von Bethmann Hpllweg, who went to Vienna upon u mission of extrcmo importance, left tho Austrian capital for Berlin today. Although tho news has generally beon circulated, without denial, that the Jour ney of the German ministers of stato had to do with tho Balkan situation, It Is now reported upon tho best of authority that the relations between Germany and tho United States were also discussed. Tho effect of this report was to show that the governments of tho Teutonic Allies are acting In accord in connection with the attitude of Germany toward the United States. 'Tim fnrfr' thnt Tlt .,m T..a. ..-.I -n 'vVtrn Bethmann-Hollweg discussed the vcrmanjr-repiy wun airacnes Of tne Aug- alter the belief that tho German answri i.v mu dcvjjuu itttciiwuii jiuio retail vo la submarine warfare will be friendly and conciliatory. ATHLETICS BLANKED 8-OBYBOEHLINGIN FINAL AT CAPITAL Wyckoff Hit Hard and Davies Fares Little Bet ter at Hands of Senators. Heffner, Mack Young ster,- Tried Behind Bat. ATHLETICS. AB R. II. O. A. E. Murphy, rf 4 0 0 0 0 0 Strunk, cf 4 0 0 6 2 0 Walsh, If 4 0 2 10 0 Schang, 3b 4 0 0 3 10 Lajolc, 2b 4 0 2 0 2 0 Mclnnls, lb '. 4 0t 2 8 1 0 Heffner, o 10 0 0 0 0 Lapp, c 2 0 0 E 0 0 Kopf, ss 2 0 0 12 0 Wyckoff, p 10 0 0 0 0 Davies, p i, 2 0 1110 Totals 32 0 7 21 9 0 WASHINGTON. ABR.H.O. A.E. Connolly, rf. 3 2 12 0 0 Foster, 3b 4 12 110 Shanks, If. 4 0 14 0 0 Milan, cf. 413200 Gandil. lb '. 5 1 1 11 0 0 Neff. 2b 3 0 2 0 4 0 Henry, c ,...,, 4 12 5 10 McBride, ss ,.. 3 12 2 0 0 Boehling, p. , 3 110 3 0 Totals 31 8 15 27 9 0 Thrta-baio hits Walsh, Mclnnll. Two-bate hits Uoehling. Sacrifice hit-Shanks. Stolen basts Milan. Struck out-Dr Wyckolt. 3; UiMhllng-. 4. Dajfa on balls OH Wyclcofr. 1; llofhllng, 1; Davies. 3. fauel ball Ijlvp, Balk Davies. Umpires-CLoughltn and HlWe-. WASHINGTON. June 29. Southpaw Boehllnir was In form today and blanked the Athletics 8 to 0 In the final game of the series, Wyckoff was batted hard and taken out after Washington had scorod three runs In as many Innings. Davies. woh replaced Wyckoff, was unsteady and also was hit hard. Off the two Mack pitchers the Senators obtained 15 hit, including- a triple and a double. Mack gave Heffner a chance, putting the youngster behind the bat In the eighth Inning. Heffner made a flpe Im pression. FinST INNING. Murphy out, Neff to Gandil. Strunk flled to Shanks. Walsh tripled to left. Schang out. Boehling to Gandil. No runs, one hit, no errors. Connolly fanned. Foster filed to Strunk. Continued on Face Two, Column One ELLEN ADAIlj ARRIVES AT LIVERPOOL ON ST. PAUL SJll'll " 1- Evening Ledger's Women's Editor Aboard American Liner. LIVERPOOL. June J.-Aiartean vfi sangers 'on board the Uasr St. Paul, which docked yosterday. reverted today that they had an uneventful voyage. Tba St. Paul was several hours late, as ij delayed by heavy fog while pajw ujg through the Irish Sea. HEsnuag the passengers was ElUn Adair, Women' Editor of the Evswwo LsUXMM, of PtuUdlihla, woe U on a t war avbes. NK MACKMEN. 8-0 EX-GOVERNOR This plcturo was taken today at ywm-w!T&" '&, b T!rsTmm,wrrrn an Evening Ledger staff photographer, Gedrgia's former chief exocutive and Mrs. Slaton were on their way to Nor York. PHILLES WIN UPHILL BATTLE 5-4; BECKER'S HOMER THE FEATURE Brooklyn Falls Before Chalmers' Pitching After Hard-Luck Twirler Gets Started Dell Loses His First to Moran's Men. PHILLIES' BALL PARK, Philadelphia. Pa., June 23. George Chalmers pitched tA Knit nftAt n nnnr Mnrt and finally won his game, the Phillies 'defeating Brooklyn, 5 to . toaay. naimere uo', pitched good ball tnrougnoui me season, but has been the hard luck hurler of tho league. , Dell, who had beaten the Phillies twice this season, was Chalmers' opponent, but he was wild and Ineffective and was re moved from the mound with the bases full in the fifth Inning. The winning run was scored In the seventh on Bancroft's double. Whltted's sacrifice and Cravath's grounder to Cutshaw. who was out of po sltion and could not make a throw to the plate. FIRST INNING. Myers singled over second. O'Mara sin gled to right. Myers going to third. Dau bert doubled to left centre, scoring Myers, while O'Mara went to third. Wheat hit to Nlehoff, who threw to Klllefer. retir ing O'Mara. Daubert took third and Wheat second on the play. Cutshaw's grounder was fielded to the plate In tlmo by Bancroft to catch Daubert. Wheat scored and Cutshaw went to third on Ban croft's wild throw trying to stop, a double ..i Vlahoff threw out Stengel. Two runs, three hits, one eror, Cutshaw went out In left centre for Byrne's fly, Bancroft fanned. Whltted walked. Cravath fouled to Miller, No runs, no hits, no errors. SECOND INNINO. Getz out. Chalmers to Luderus. Sillier fanned. Dell also fanned. No runs, no hits, nn errors. Becker flled to Myers. Nlehoff doubled to left. Luderus flled to Wheat Klllefer filed to Daubert. No runs, one hit, no errors, THIRD INNING. Mxera filed to Whltted. O'Mara went out Chalmers to Luderus. Becker went back for Daubert's fly. No runs, no hits, no errors. Chalmers struck out. OMara made a pretty stop and threw out Byrne. Ban croft filed to Stengel. No runs, no bits, no errors. FOURTH INNINO. Nlehoff threw out Wheat. Luderus fumbled Cut'haWs grounder. Stengel fanned. Gelx singled to right, Cutshaw going to tbJwt J tl second. Miller was purposely pasted, filling the bases. Dell Bsah4 a single to centre, scoring Cutshaw a&d G4. but Millar was nallad at third m WfeJlW's fine throw to Byr, rWii runs, two hits, one error. Whltted singled to right Cravath's single bit the right-field wall Whltted go ing to third- Wheat misjudged Baakar's drive and it bounded Into tba 1K-4M bleachers for a home run, scoring Whltted and Cravath. NtoboK walked, Lrfide'us sacrificed. DaU to Daubart. Ntet nost want to third on a wild pitch. Cut anaw threw out Klllefer, Ntefeog scaring CpnHfif 0S " Xw Cetwsan Feur. PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, JUNE SLATON AND WIFE ws i"i""i vy ,.J...,uL.'iiL'& tho West Philadelphia Station by SLATON REASSERTS FRANK COMMUTATION WAS HIS ONLY COURSE Former Governor of Geor gia and Wife Pass Through Philadelphia on Way to New York for Vacation. "I was right, absolutely right when I commuted Frank's sentence to llto Im prisonment The majority of the best people of Georgia know I was right, and Inside of six months the minority that still disagrees with me, after they have had time to welch the case and think it over unprejudicedly, will know I was right" And as John M. Slaton, former Gover nor of Georgia, spoke the words on the train today that was carrying him away to his first vacation In IS years, he emphasised them with a powerful smash of tha flst of one hand against the palm of the other. "It was not a question of muttering mobs and vengeance-seeking rioters clam oring outside of my window, but the fate of a human life lying In the palm of my hand and the peace of my own soul. I had to 'be able to sleep at nights. "I believed that Frank ought not to die for a crime which he may not havo committed and had I not acted as I be lieved I 'would not have been able to do that. I would have been a' coward and rejected of myself for the remainder of my life." Ex-Governor Slaton and Mrs. Slaton left Atlanta yesterday'afternoon and ar rived In Philadelphia this afternoon. They were on their way to Sagandaga. New York, where they will stay over the Fourth of July as tho guests of Mr. and Mrs. J. Ledlle Hays. "From thero." said the ex-Governor, 'we are going to the exposition and on a long trip through the West. We will re turn to Atlanta about the first of Sep tember." "You are going back then to Atlanta?" he was asked. "Of course I am going back," was the reply. "I have never been so strong In Georgia as I am at this minute. In three months' time my strength will have trebled. ' "The reports tho people throughout the country have heard of the situation In Atlanta because of tbjf jnatter has been grossly exaggerated, ' "The mobs you liv rd about were nasty and violent awl dangerous, but they are not tha renrasentatlve people of Georgia. They aw the lowest ele ment In the community, and under the same eircuinstances tha same things would have occurred In any other com munity, no many people teem to think that everybody In Georgia wanted to kill me. Most of the good people of the State believe I did what was right "Thare are lots of others equally good, and among tbwn the best people In the State, who do not agre with me. But, even though they feel that way about it they are law-abiding people, who have no thought of riot la their minds and to whom such an idea is abhorrent." "But didn't you say on one occasion you realised that the commutation meant Centtsaed ea Page Tw. Cehuna Sita 29, 1015. CorntooT, KAISER'S ARMY GAINS ON BOTH GALICIA FRONTS Russians Retire Before Crashing Assault in Poland; Driven Back on Lower Dniester. Slavs in Southeast Galicia Try to Avoid Issue on Ground Fa vorable to Foe Forces in North Draw Back to Protect Warsaw. BERLIN, June . Another great victory for the Ger mans nil nlonn tho lino In Galicia was announced todt.v by tho dcrman War Ofllcc, Tho Austro-Gorman army of General von Ltnslngen, which captured Ilallcz nnd Bwept across tho Dniester River, has driven tho Russians across tho Gnlla Llpn River nil the way from Ilallcz to Flrlojow, which lies on tho Onlla Llpa, SO mllca southeast of Lemberg. In this section the fighting Is still In progress. Further to tho north. In the district north of Pnomysl and to tho north of Kamlonka, tho enemy did not wait to meet attack, but retreated. Kamlnonka lies upon tha Bug River, 21 miles northeast of Lemberg. "North and northeast of Mostywtelkle, as well as northeast and west of Tomas zow (40 miles north of Lemberg), the enemy mada a stand, but was defeated at every point," tho official statement says. "At this point our armies have crossed tho border from Austrian to Russian soil. "Under our pressure tho enemy has begun to evacuates his positions on the Tanow River and tho upper San. SLAV RETREAT INTO POLAND PROTECTS WARSAW FROM FOE Gran4 DukoJiichoJas -Effecta Heallgnl.., ment on Bug Kiyor. PBTROGRAD, Juno a. , On n 100-mile front, the Grand Duke Nicholas Is slowly withdrawing his armies In Galicia eastward Into South Poland upon a strongly forthled lino, prepared before tho evacuation of Lemberg. The retirement continues from the Russian border In the north to the region of Stan Islau in the south. The rear guard of the Russian army fought desperately to retain their posi tion on the Dniester, but the heavy how itzers of tho Teutons wrecked their forti fications and eventually forced them to retire. Tho stubborn resistance of the right flank, however, has undoubtedly enabled Grand Duko Nicholas, commander-in- chief of the Russian armies, to reform his lines along the River Bug virtually without Interference. The River San now takes the place of tne Dniester as the scene of a sanguin ary battle In the Russian effort to pre vent tho Investment of tho city of War saw. Tho next great battle. It Is the general belief here, will be fought along a front SO miles cast and northeast of Lemberg, It was officially admlttod today that the Russians havo fallen bock to within a few miles of Busk, on the Bug River, but War Ofllce dispatches Indicated that the Grand Duke Is preparing to make a stand on the west bank of the Bug. LETRUPPEITALIAiNE SONDAVANTIARIVA Gli Italiani Giunti al Fiume Ponale Guerra Imminento tra Italia e Turchia. Forze Italians operant! suite montagpe del Lago dl Oarda, e preclsamente ad ovest del lago, sono riusclte a scendere lunco le riplde pendlcl del monte Carone ecl a glungere slno nl fiume Ponale, cloe' al punto dove la vane m iearo termina nel Garda. Ivl e' lo stablllmento elettrlco ohe forntsce l'energla alia cltta' dl Rlva, che ne dlsta pochl chllometrl, stablll mento che fornlsce anche la corrente per I retlcolatl metalllcl proteggentl le posl zloni austrlache. Dal Ponale, dove ora e' stata avviata una grande quantlta' dl artlgUerla, git itallant mlnacclano le opere dl dlfesa dl Rlva. . Vn telegramma da Parlgl dtceva che In quel clrcolt mllltari n politic! si prevede che fra non molto sara rlpresa con mag gtor vlgore l'azlone offenslva contro I Dardanelll, glacche' si troveranno cola' truppe Itallane ed alcune navl da guerra italiane. In tal modo si attende che st abbia da un memento all'altro la dlohl arailone dl guerra tra l'ltalla e la Turchia. A questo proposlto si dice cn l'ambusclatore d'ltalla a Constanlnopoli suo governo, e che 1'arnbasclatore dl marchese Oarronl, e' stato rtchlamato da! Tiirchla presso II Qulrlnale, Naby bey, V pronto a partlre dopo avere avuto sin da sabato. perche' chlestl da Jul, I suol passa portL t Oggi pero la notlila e stata sweBtita da! governo Itallane. (Leggera In paglna U le vMm ."' detugflate notlzle sulla guerra, fc JJaH ao.) The Kenslngtonlan Saya: jpra Murtho awt Freddie Wilder) ftojw, saved enough lobaceo astipons fa gtt a mfitoroyele, a. me eapiet to fake a trip to iaH aM&ln. LOST AND FOUND FT-3irxe4 from VllUaoys. bias sad white tanouv St . Fajla I.Ali.1 1381 rT .! bull bllujlt. 4Mt SM at aim: '- i" VHf st. Mt Xtrf. fm CI acst-llt Hill 71 TEpT rrtt FHday, mala viits PomanwlaiT Hie -JMre iw quMttoaa. -'J- u-jnatuw-waM m ew i y - 1618, it in rcsiio Linn Coxr-m. BOX SCORE PHILLIES-BROOKLYN GAME i PHILLIES -Byrne, 3b '5?hncroft, m wanted, el Cmttith, rf Bker, If tfflhoff, Sb -UdwUs, lb Klllefer, c Chalmers, i r h o a e ol d i ro 1 1 1' 2 1 1 2 10 r'o o o 12 0 0, 2 13 0 0 0 12; 1 o ; o ' 8 o 0 ,6 0 5 H Totals 6' 6 2713 TODAY'S BASEBALL' SCORES bhooklyn 2 0 0 tJTTT.T TTM m. a ixo U U U Dall nntl Miller; crittlinera and Klllefer. v &1L athletics OOOOOOOOO- $pfe .0 WATHINQTOH O 1 2 3 O 1 1 O x - 'WI& Wyckoff nnil L.ippj Dosliling nntl Henry. '$,' t' NATIONAL LEAGUE t "3 eccton. iBtB 02000000 o- a'fl i NEW YORK 0 1 OOOOO 0- 2- 3 f O O Rudolph, and Gowdy; Strand nnd Meyers. boston, 2d s 00000000 0-2 .1.0 0 NEW YORK o O O 0,0 0 20 Or- O B 1 Hughes and Wballugj Pcrrltt and Meyers. ,"" . " -"- temcAGQf " " CINCINATC PITTSB'GH, lBt.El-O'tO.' 1' 0-0 2' bt. iouis o 2 0 3 ,0 0. 6 Harmon, and Gibson; Meadows and Snyder, PITTSB'GH, 2d gr ST. LOUIS " ' . ; , ."tj A',! J VAVfVy J-vn,rrK':,.r,ut'v,'-'" -1!5! ' AMERICAN LEAGUE. NEW YORK 000 0 0 0 0 0 2 BOSTON 1 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 . CaldweU.and-Wunamnker; Buth and Thomas. J pT. L0UIS1 OOO 1 O O t iCHICAGf 2" Q Q fr O, 0'0l r 3BCailton.'andfSeveroIdj;-raber,iuid Schalk. CLEVELAND' ' .. " DETEOIT " Postponed- Bain. FEDERAL LEAGUE CHICAGO NEWABKl Brown and Fisher; Mosely and Eariden. KANSAS CITY OOOOOOO 1 12 BROOKLYN 031000 10 x S Cullop and Brown; Ford ana Land. ST. LOUIS 20000020 BUFFALO 112 0.0 O 1.0 Groome and Hartley; Ford and Blair., FITTSBUHGH 0 0-0 2 6 1 1 vO BALTIMORE 0 O 0 0-1 0 0 0 Knetzer and Berry; Bailey aud Jacklitsch. -irTMs-.w"' . 1 ; . 1 . t THREE GYPSIES HELD FOR FORTUNE TELLJNG l NORKISTOWN, Pa June 20. Diana Stephen,' Btgale Stsnley and Dona Stanley, gypsieg, sent to Jail by BurgeB Saul today for fortuue telling:. Stephens girl charged with souring ?5Q nnd Jewajry from MartBa "loqk, servant in household of Severn Regar, lQjftln manufaettirer. She got ?25 and Jewelry on aSturday and $ 84, which she drew from, bank; teda$ Deteetlve Corrigan, summoned by, Regar, was behind a door and mw the transaction today. The gypl are, iu eamp on Lansdowne avenue, Delaware County. ;j MAY REFIJSE ARMY EXPERTS' RESIGNATIONS WASHINGTON. June SO, That Attorney. General Gregory holds tho Ereelderjt may refuse, arwy esparto' reeifwtlone, If they have m rwu "for retlrtt thaw 9ttn ef hilvir oy, waa reported la Gavem ntent circlegT' Xhi w eiUriry to what wa expected. BRYAK AT HIS UjrcOLN, Neh., Juae My-Xt t fte trai by ewil httsssj :fi of his fellow towasiuu ex-Secretary of State Brywa le in hie iwe today for the 'rbt ttiu since his resignation from the Cabiaet. fbe , giteting by hU friends wu quite and noa-partieau. Tuulght Bryaua will .peak here on "Pev.'' He will leave towuitow tut &ua FreaeUco. , " ' ' .I..WH n PRICE ONE OEfrT - - , BROOKLYN Myers, 'al O'Mnf n, ss Daubert, lb Wheat, It CUtslmv, Sb Stoiigolj ff f h!b a e 1 2 ,2 0, 0 0 lfl 4 0 0 Mil o 1 0 3V 0 0 1 6 2-2 0 0 0 10 0 1 2 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 10 t l . aels!3b 0 , Miller, r 0 Dcll,,p Appieion, p oo.i 1.6 i r Xotala..'- .& 24 12 - 0 i "w --y ,',?, s. v 2 0 0 0 0 0-4 . ..,. 7 O Tes o K U U 1 U x 5 JIB T -i! .. . I whs : .'- Postponed Bain." 1. M: :m- 'WftJUf ' '.?: 00100000 0-1 O 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 o- o 4 0 4 1 9 3 9 4 0- 4 10 O x- 5 6 0 310 tit MNCOLH i a t, n m 4 A '!"'J i 3 nl i .s ,ffl 8J' fS Ssr fek,j ''KS