EVENING LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA. SATURDAY, JUNE M. 1915,
itmtttt0
Metiatv
PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
cinta ii. it crni-is. riiiwt
S.'! If ill,ton' VlceJrldnt ; John C Xtartln,
fm.ftli'? APd Tfrri Philip 8 Colllim, John II.
Wlllem, DlrMBH.
BDiToniAt7 boa ho.
dars K. crane, chairman
P VIIALBI..... Rjecutlte IMIter
JOHN C MAttTlM.. QalltuTinVaTManaite'r
Fubllihe. .11 If t I'pn.to I.Kmr.n ttulldlna,
ihdtptmteoee Square, rtilLMphla.
lMM frirnil Ilttvitit and Chertntit Btrrrta
Atuktjo Cit rrfM-tnfn Handing
New roiic 170-A. Metropolitan Ttmtr
DstttoiT MM Font Hiillilln
8T. Loots 400 OItw if moernt Building
iw run nullum
Loaww 8 Waterloo I'lace, rl! Mall, 8. W.
nkws nrniiAvs!
Wiiixotow nriuu The rl nulMlnr-
Kw ToK BraaAU , The lmM limidln
Brans Denial: ,,,, .no FrlfOrlfhitr-M
loiujow licmt..,, a riu mu nam, h. w.
Jp-ata Ot'taiD. ...52 nue Louie le (Irani!
SUD8CnIPT10N TEIWIS
By carrier. DAttr OstT, ili centi. By mall, poitpald
MilA of Philadelphia, except where forelrn pontes
le required. DAiir O.itT, fine month, twentr-ne rente j
Daiit Om.t, one rear, three dollar-. All mall tub
aerlpttoni parable In advance.
N'ottCB flunncrlbere wlnhlnr addren chanred mut
give old at well ae new addrete.
DEtt, l09 WALNUT
KEVSTO.NE. MAIN iMt
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inn AVnnAon nht paid daily cincuLA-
TlON Or THE EVENING LrjDCJEn
FOn MAT WA8 88,014.
PHILADELPHIA, SATUnDAY. JUNE 26. 1915.
Two hands tccrc given to man to cam vilth,
ami not for spending what he gets.
Two Thoughts for Uncle Snm
THE dlstnnco from Wllliclrnshnven to tho
Dardanelles qb tho Gorman submarlno
fliea Is about S000 miles. Tlio dlstnnco from
Wllhclmshavon to New York la considerably
less. This fact, suggests tho Munich
Nouesto Nachrlchtcn, "will mako tho war
party In tho United States think twice."
Twlco? Quito probably. Onco about ade
quate defenso and once about tho interesting-
fact, among others, that Cleveland
brought down Great Britain In 1805 with a
pea-shooter navy and a 42-ccntimctro na
tional conscience
Tho history of tho United States has boon
the history of a confidence in national honor
and In national power unimpaired by oven
tho most deplorable lack of preparedness.
Who'll Be Famous Next?
WHO Is Pennsylvania's most distin
guished citizen? The Governor wants to
know. Wo fear It will bo a guessing con
test, but still it Is profitable for tho people to
run over tho names of tho State's best
known mon and consider their entitlement
to fame. Tho Governor's question. Indeed,
might well bo resolved Into another, "Who
Is tho citizen In whom Pennsylvania takes
the most pride?" For this man, we are told,
Is to bo "signally honored" at tho Panma
Paclfic Exposition, and tho cholco should bo
carefully made,
It Is an Interesting reflection that distinc
tion usually comes moro suddonly than
greatness. Wo have heard of a poet who
awoke ono morning to find himself famous.
LHo wasn't, of course, a better poet than he
vas tho night before And tho other way
anfcout the world sometimes wakes up In tho
mirnlng to read the name of a great man
of whom it had never heard. Then thcro are
"vllwgo Hnmpdens" and those, who exem
plify the words of Browning,
t 'TIs not what man Docs
That exalts him, but what man Would Do.
"Safe nnd Sane" Prohibition
IT PAYS to advertise a "safe nnd sano
Fourth," but advertising alono Is not sum
cient in any kind of enterprise It is all
well and good to warn parents and children
that cannon, guns, pistols, firecrackers,
squibs nnd rockets are dangerous, but that
isn't enough. When all theso things are
temptingly displayed In the stores and on
the streets, you can't prevent a youngster
from digging down Into his pockets for his
pennies. Stop the selling and you stop tho
buying, Tho way to make the Fourth safe is
to make It safe.
Aesop on "Social Unrest"
IT IS the modern theory that man was not
born a "social being," but that ho became
social through self-interest. If now there Is
class conflict, It Is largely duo to lack of so
cial consciousness. But the phrase, "enlight
ened self-interest." Is becoming moro and
more familiar In talk of child labor, alums,
workmen's compensation, freedom of speech
In colleges and universities. Its meaning ap
pears in Aesop's parable of tho social un
rest: "A Woodman came Into a forest to ask the
Trees to give him a handle for his Ax. It
seemed so modest a request that the principal
Trees at once agreed to It. and It was settled
among them that the plain, homely Ash should
furnish what was wanted, No sooner had the
Woodman fitted the staff to his purpose than
he began laying about him on all aides, felling
the noblest Trees In the wood. The Oak, now
seeing the whole matter too late, whispered to
the Cedar: "The first conceaalon has lost all;
If we had not sacrificed our humble neighbor we
might hav yet stood for agea ourselves.'
"When the rleh surrender the rights of the
poor they give a handle to be used against their
own privileges."
So the economic heresy of "enlightened
self-Interest" Is at least as old as Aesop.
Hope for Low Cost of Drugs
THE very rich and the very poor have no
worries over the high cost, of medicine or
the high cost of doators, Fat bank accounts
and free dispensaries and hospitals take care
of that As In so many other matters, It is
we middle oiass that suffers.
But even the woll. to-do have probably
noted the effect of the war on drug;
prices. Germany, that treasury of so mueh
tauajfl-scientlflo Industry, Is looked tight. Its
j tented compounds, synthetic chemicals and
(standard drugs under copyrighted trade
names no longer roach us.
Tbe situation, however, U in many ways
decidedly advantageous. Under the new stim.
yhM, new process are being develop!, and
ven new discover leu mad. More important
Hill, It probably mean a reorganisation at
the patent situation. England hw annulled
tmnaberleM legal monopolies (r trad name
uid proc-cssee- that Germany has enjoyed.
hvn the war fa over a world-wide rend
Kiatment will ba m- essary in which America
Will undoubted i v pi iy u part
AtnerttJA kul 5jhI, not b,. tuu IlnUky In
t Wdliu ui i' 'i ; a njjUu mug
good dru, cheap drUAts end plenty of them
,.n tit of the piimenr needs of clviuu
i i,,. iiiH.iu.lUmg of the patent lew -not
fu-AgSfowc5
hurt tho inventor or discourage Initiative;
for a great deal of chemical advance tomes
through salaried research work In both gov
ernment and prlyato laboratories. Dlsoaao
la the common enmy toward whoso extinc
tion overy weapon must be turned.
Lobster Palaces 'Glitter In Statistic
aMlBIlB Is wealth and wealth. New York
.has ono kind; Philadelphia another. No
body can regret that. Thereforo, nobody can
regret tho fact brought out by tho newest
Census Bureau monograph that, whllo Now
York's assessed wealth runs to 18,204,882,430,
Philadelphia is content to lead tho rest of
tho cities of America, with 91,533,791,86?. '
When theso figures spread over tho coun
try It Is moro than probable that no news
paper will print In ft parallel column tho
facts regarding housing In the two cities; no
newspaper will point out that whllo tho aver
ago number of Now Yorkers accommodated
In each dwelling has risen Jn SO years from
12.0 to 16.6, tho flguro for Philadelphia has
gone down from G.6 to 6.2.
Yot there Is n, solidity In Philadelphia's
wealth which -corresponds to those housing
figures. In a comparison of tho wealth of tho
two cities n great deal besides differ
ences In population must bo allowed for.
Drop out Now York's big luxury factories;
throw asldo theatres, "lobstor palaces," tour
ists' hotels and all tho glittering mechanism
for transient, unproductive money-spending.
Add lo theso largo items tho still larger
sharo of Now York's money which goes only
into Instruments of exchange. Then contrast
with that city of offlce buildings and nmuso
ment palaces, this city of homos, which Is
also tho workshop vof tho world. Hy overy
sign of smoking Btacl: and humming work
room, by tho sight of busy factories nnd full
railroad yards which overy turn of the cor
ner brings, tho wealth of Philadelphia. Is
constructive. Such wealth means security
and prosperity In ono.
The License of the Seas
0!
N'CE more it Is said, In a cablo dispatch
from Berlin, forecasting tho reply to the
second American note, that Germany is
fighting our battles for us, thnt sho is bat
tling, In fact, for tho freedom of tho seas.
Wo cannot feel any senso of gratltudo. Tho
trouble with this thing called tho freedom
of tho seas has always been that somo ono
nation fights for it and then, If successful,
keeps It It it can.
Germany's possession of tho freedom of the
seas would hardly bo an Improvement on
England's. In other words, who rightfully
owns tho ocean? Wo know whoso might Is
ruler of tho waves.
Adding Unto Justice
SADIE OIIENAN will not go tho way of
her sisters. Not If tho first session of
tho new Morals Court nveans anything.
If Sadlo Orcnan had been arrested a day
earlier sho would havo beon haled into some
Magistrates court, heard In tho hurry of an
overcrowded docket perhaps by a not very
sensltlvo or sympathetic Judge fined a fow
dollars and shown out on tho strcot again, a
llttlo bit sadder maybe, but decidedly wlsor.
Not reformation but evasion would havo
boen her goal.
As it was, tho first case in tho Morals
Court got sympathetic, understanding treat
ment. Tho Judge, tho attorney, tho proba
tion officer and tho defendant's lawyer tried,
informally nnd helpfully, to work out tho
problem beforo them. Tho result was the
return of Sadie Orennn to her homo and her
child under tho guidance nnd help of tho
Court Aid Society.
Tho first enso beforo tho Morals Court
seems a good omen for Its future Social
service and time for mercy havo been added
unto Justice.
Weeds, Bugs nnd the Minus Sign
THE Iowa Stato Collcgo Is all worked up
over weeds. It has got out a pamphlet to
show that the farmers of tho Stato lose $23,
000.000 a year thereby. Whllo far from all of
Iowa's two million inhabitants aro of farm
ing ago or inclination, weeds must be n
pretty large Item in each agriculturist's profit
and loss shcot.
Hut what about potato bugs? Before the
summer's out Knnsas will doubtless furnish
the annual statistics to show that tho chief
consumer of Paris green stnnds between at
least four or five million farmers and tho
Fords thoy might buy. Also, lack of proper
soil preparation, the neglect of suitable fer
tilization theso muBt cost the farmer moro
millions In losses. Dad seeds from Irresponsi
ble Congressmen, wot Augusta and cold
Junes, hailstones, rabbits and crows they
all mean email fortunes that might have
been, Jf we bellevo tho rural statistician.
Think, for n moment, If the farmer fendod
off all these troubles and inado the best of
every advice-monger In the country, Morgan
and Ilockefellcr would bo sorry "pikers" bo
eldo him. And If these losses really did
occur why, tho gentlemen on tho farms
would bo doing a minus .n.uanttty business
year In nnd year out.
The Russians have copped Kop.
Where Is that fabled "lmpetuousneaa" of
the Italians?
Do the Councllmcn who refuse to travel
with the Liberty Dell fear the contrast?
It has now been fully demonstrated that
there is no trace of anti-Frank mob spirit In
Atlanta.
Final tableau. "The Drlva on Warsaw,"
repeated by speqlal request. Then complete
change of bill.
If that first "e" In Lemberg were only an
"I," think what terrible execution It would
do among the near-humorists.
Dunkirk can start quite a nice little steel
Industry If the Germans keep up the present
dumping rate of 36 tons a day.
The Aero Club of America, confesses to
being considerably elevated mentally oyer
the difficulties of assembling air racers just
now.
To Atlantic City bathing- guards Why not
spend the winter as submarine tenders? A
narmltejr occupation for a couple of able
bodied men.
The reports of allied advances in the neigh
borhood of OalllpoU seem to plaae the accent
definitely an th last syllable of the people
and the plaee.
It takes a, miaul or two to QOtfupU mur
der, and three or four timea that many years
to uavt tne penally f tne mutimm. The
Thaw case 1 still under way and the Becker
case is not yet cloeed. Justice, like peace, J
often very bard to get.
STOP WORKING :
BEGIN THINKING
The Man Who Earns His Bread by
tho Sweat of His Brain Is Sure to
Got On in tho World The Exam
ple of Cecil Rhodes.
By GEORGE W. DOUGLAS
A BUSINESS man who was suddenly called
away left his offloe In the care of his
secretary. Ho did nol expeot nnj emergency
to arise while ho was gone. On his return
he naked the man how he had got along.
"Oh, ntl right," was the reply, "Jones
called up about his contract. There was n
point that ho was In doubt about, and 1 told
him to go ahead In tho Usual way."
"Whatl" thundered the man they nlwaye
thunder In such circumstances, "Whatl The
contract was not like tho old ones, and we
put that point In that he says ho did not
understand In order to change tho conditions
so wo could make a llttlo moro money out of
it. Why did you not tell him tho difference?"
"I never thought of Itl"
"But why did you not think of It?"
"1 suppose tho rent reason, Mr. Harrison,
Is that If I were ablo to think of such things
I would not bo working for you for $20 n
week."
Tilts man at that moment started on tho
way to promotion, for tho reason thnt ho
had entered that group of mon known as
thoso who know not and know that thoy
know not. Tho next time ho would think.
Cecil Rhodes was ono of tho men who
lifted himself above tho general lovol becauss
ho used his brains. Once, In a romlnlecent
mood, ho explnlnod to somo friends that
after he had beon In South Africa for a
whllo ho doclded to stop working and to
begin to think. Ho had discovered by ob
servation nnd reading that tho mon who ac
complished groat things woro the mon who
did somo thinking In advance. They earned
what they got by the sweat of tholr brains
and not by tho sweat of their brows nlone.
When Ilhodcs began to think ho saw a great
South Africa, unltod to tho British Empire,
and enormous wealth for the mon who had
tho courogo to risk everything in tho de
velopment of tho resources of tho now coun
try. There Are No Canine Caesars
, Tho difference between Rhodes and tho
African lions was that tho lions wero con
tent with satisfying their animal appetites.
If nnlmnlfl think It Is in tho most rudlmen
tnry way. There aro beasts, I know, who
post sentinels whllo thoy feed. In order to
detect tho approach of dangor. I havo n dog
which knows enough on a hot day to stir up
tho fresh earth under n shrub that ho may
get a comfortablo place In which to He, nnd
when his bod has become hot from his body
I havo scon him get up nnd turn tho cool
sido of tho pillow uppermost by digging tho
earth over again to bring a fresh lot to th
surface. And when Teddy Is hungry ho will
eat, nnd ho drinks when ho is thirsty. But
reason with him as I may ho will hldo under
the bed during a thunderstorm, or elso cling
to my heels as though I wero n Higher
Power that could protect him from tho ter
rifying noises.
Tho dog Is about as Intelligent an animal
ns we know. But thero nro no canine
Caesars. And you may search tho books in
vain for tho records of n Socrates among
tho lions or n Moses among the bull in cos o.
So far as we know tho law of bruto llfo Is
based on n narrow range of Intellectual ac
tivities. The animals havo never organized a
Stato nor formuated a system of philosophy.
They havo not built cities nnd thoy woultj
not work 20 years on a problem In chemistry
or physics or go hungry whllo searching for
a process of making a porcolaln glazo. Thero
aro no Pallssys among tho beaBts.
But tho Man sits him down and thinks and
thus distinguishes himself from all other
animals, bruto nnd human. Lincoln's medi
tations during tho years of his npprontlco
ship to llfo were to soma purpose. Ho lived
in the free outdoors and -worshiped In
hypaethral temples open to skyey lnfluoncoo
and illuminations, and graspod firmly tho
elementary principles of truth and Justice.
Mnrtln Luther's mind worked and ho got hold
of an Idea, to him n raro and precious
thought, for which ho was willing to die.
Watt thought and the Bteam engine was. Edi
son thought and tho electric light Illumined
the dark places. Henry Ford thought nnd the
automobile was transformed from a toy of
tho rich Into a necessity for tho man of mod
erate means, and n tool of everyday use.
Men of Action Are Men of Thought
The orator who declared that tho country
needs men of action and not men of thought
did not know what he won talking about.
Thero has never been an action wo-th whllo
that was not preceded by thought. It was
not blind Impulse that won the Franeo-Ger-man
War, but careful planning and long
years of preparation. You may 'say that
this was not worth while, but tho German
will disagree with you, Carnegie did not
blunder Into mastery of the iron trade, and
Rockefeller did not "Just happen" to control
the oil business. No philosopher wrestling
with a problem In metaphysics ever put
harder thought Into his taBk than these men
devoted to the mastery of the secrets of the
forging of steel and the reflnlngof petroleum.
Your failure to discover the destiny of the
human soul will not nffect Us ultimate fate;
but If you fall to forecast the future In your
business you nro overwhelmed with disaster.
A man by thinking may be unable to add
one cubit to his stature, but he can broaden
the foundation of empires. Ho can raise him
self from a private In the rear ranks to the
control of an army, and he can In one short
lifetime transform half a continent from a
disorganized Jealous group of settlements
into an Integral part of a great nation.
He who despises thought'nnd the thinker,
therefore, despises the very foundations on
which achievement Is built. It was Fletcher,
of Saltoun, who remarked that if he could
write the songs of a nation he did not care
who wrote the Jaws; but It It were given to
me to direct the thinking or a nation
Pleteher might write all the songs he pleased
without changing popular sentiment one par
ticle or nffeotlng even the popular taste In
music.
There are other reasons for going to
Qhureh on Sunday, but the farmer's wife who
said she always enjoyed the morning service
because. It gave her a. quiet hour in whleh to
plan the weelCa work yraa wiser than sha
knew. It was the only tljne In the week she
bad to think, and she used It as beet she
knew.
BCHOBSOFWAR
tba WufcUalftH Tina.
ith ail the ehoaa werMog in tke TVreU.
a ferule cannot be ijolt bed m tt aoub&g.
Wk r A$ THE. cJlHOO "a n V. -7 , '
h 8 AW) AS SB C
i3v mxs& to be. fdfc . i!?i
fY -n L I LfirS C . VraiiSB' JW(r"0 IJSV-t Vv
AS THE.
Ultra
pacifist
us-
fflfW& V. Know. TfcO Pfa J&BJmMj is.
lm 'Yymlj HVnoM- pasyi1 IMMffih ) IBS! iK8$KBSII' v5
UNCLE SAM'S EXPENSIVE ARMY
Every Soldier Costs $1000 a Year Many Millions Could Be Saved
by Abolishing Posts Originally Established to
Protect Settlers From Indians.
By PAUL
EXT to tho smallnosa of our army, tho
J.N n
most notablo thing Is tho bigness of the
cost of maintaining It. Uncle Sam, not sat
isfied with tho distinction of having tho
littlest fighting force by many thousands of
any of tho nations of considerable slzo and
Importance In tho world, has to outdo them
all In his lavlshncss of expondlturc. It Is a
distinction, to bo sure, but not a desirable
one.
Whllo wo havo been "blowing ourselves"
on tho appropriations to our army, Europo
has employed herself scientifically In curtail
ing in overy posslblo manner tho expense of
maintaining hor vast military machines. And
If she had not dono so her armies could not
havo been bo vast as they wero beforo tho
war began.
In our regular army thcro aro less than
90,000 officers ind men, and on theso wo lavish
In tho neighborhood of $90,000,000 annually.
Flguro It out, and you find each ono of our
soldiers costs us $1000 a year, from two to
flvo times moro than is the caso with any
other nation.
In 1906, when Mr. Taft was Secretary of
War, our regular military establishment cost
us $72,000,000. France, ho asserted recently In
an article on tho national dofenso, spent In
that samo year only $133,000,000 to support
her fighting forco of 546,000 men. Germany
maintained 610,000 soldiers by an expenditure
ot $140,000,000. So, Mr. Taft found, Franca
kept an army nlno times tho slzo of our own
meagre one at less than twice the sum wo
spent, and Germany maintained a ten times
larger army than ours at just twlco our ex
penditure. Conditions havo not changed perceptibly
since then, and with an increasingly Insistent
demand from the peoplo for more adequate
means of national dofonse, It behooves us to
Inquire into tho relative merits of all the
items In our military expenditures, frown
upon any evidences of profligacy, do somo
bookkeeping nnd stop up tho hole In our
pocket.
Professional Soldiers in America
But beforo putting our expenditure to tho
acid teat, so that, In our sudden zeal for effi
ciency and economy, we may not expect too
sweeping results from applying the cutting
down process to the running expenses of out
army, let us reconcile ourselves to the truth
that Just aa It costs more to pay, feed and
equip our boys In blue than It does other na
tions to provide similarly for their soldiers,
so will Uncle Sam's military expenditures
proportionately exceed those of any other
nation. Ours Is not a compulsory citizen
army, but a professional fighting force, so
that while Russia pays her soldiers the un
thinkable wage ot $ a year, we are glad to
engage our regular army men at n liberal
wage ot $180 at the mlnlmiyn. Here is an
Hem we would not think of skimping, nori
would we think of cutting down tho reason
able cost of substantial food and serviceable
clothing. We will tolerate no policy of
stinginess where the comfort of our soldier
Is concerned-, we want it known wo aro
grateful to them as the guardians of our
safety and 'honor. How, then, shall Uncle
Sam practice economy without any robbing
of Peter to pay Paul?
First of all, there Is our curious army post.
ABk any American why Is an army post
and he no doubt will answer candidly he
doesn't know; that they "Just are." Then go
to any Congressman or Senator whose dis
trict la blessed -with one of these luxurious
patohee ot green sward and put the same
question to him. The chances are many times
to one ha will get hot under the collar, and
then, like the citizen, enlighten you that
they've Just Bot to be. If he doesn't. It's a
safe bet either he Is not going to be a can
didate for re-election or else he is a pretty
smooth one, and you had better look out for
him.
Obsolete Array Posts
The faet is the army p,oat doesn't exist
nowadays for any great and good reason.
Once upon a time army posts were needtd
to proteet the white settlers as they pushed
the frontier westward. There was Justinsa
ton then for these stronghBlds; but now tho
army post offers no logical reason for uln
up good American money.
The army post belongs to the navy-yard-graft
species ot the pork-barrel genus, Unete
gam squanders H.iM.m annually so that the
politicians will not be eoaei raised to go baek
home and explain to their constituents wby
these extensive mlUtaw parks had to be
abandoned li is a cae of ' you vote fur my
u. a, us
R. WENDT
postoHlco or my navy yard and I'll vote for
your army post" and of placing local con
siderations abovo national patriotism.
When Henry L. Stlmson was Secrotary of
War ho sent to Congress tho names of all
army posts "which havo been located In their
present situations for reasons which aro now
totally obsoloto." Fort Bnolllng, Minnesota;
Fort Riley nnd Fort Leavenworth, Kansas;
Fort 8111, Oklahoma; Fort Moadc, South
Dakota; Fort Missoula, Montana; Fort Rob
inson, Nebraska; Fort Apacho and Fort
Huachuca, Arizona; Fort Clark, Texas; Fort
D. A. Russell nnd Fort Mackenzlo, Wyo
ming; Bolso BarrackB, Idaho, and Fort
Douglas, Utah, wero tho army posts ho
named. Since then, of all our 49 antlquatod
army posts, each of -which houses somo 600
poldlcru, we havo abandoned only four.
Stntiona of No Strategic Value
The army poets aro wasteful because tho
cost of shipping soldiers and supplies to
such Isolated "necks of tho woods" nnd of
maintaining them In general is fabulously
large.
In case of war with an Asiatic or Euro
pean foo, tho army posts, becauso of their
Isolation from the Atlantic nnd Pacific
coasts, would not possess a tlttlo of strategic
value. This is another reason for thoir aban
donment nnd tho establishment of mobiliza
tion centres In places of great strategic Im
portance. Incidentally, from the salo of tho
vnluablo real estato theso posts ropresent
this useful military readjustment could bo
largely financed.
After dealing with tho hapless army posts
In tho manner they deserve, Undo Sam
should tako up the question of reducing tho
cost of supplying his soldiers with tho proper
accoutrements for servlco nnd munitions for
war.
By giving this and lesser leaks our earnest
attention nnd stopping up that largest hole
of all whereby $5,500,000 escapes each year to
the doddering, old political army posts, we
can cut down considerably the cost of keep
ing up our military household, and thereby
Increase In a largo degree the slzo of it.
FIGHTING PROFESSORS
They Left Their Gorman Classrooms for
the Cnmp When War Broke Out.
TUB war In Europe, wtile not completely
closing Germany's great universities, has
practically depopulated their classrooms. In
these Institutions before the war there were
moro than 50,000 matriculated students. The
University of Berlin hod nearly 10,000.
Bill! at their tasks In the laboratory, how
ever, soientlsts are working quietly but no less
efficiently on problems raised by the war the
geniuses who are said to be discovering sub
stitutes for copper and gasoline and other
things. They deserve a paragraph in the his
tory of the war, because they give an InWIng
of the extent to which the best brains of the
nation are "enlisted for the war"-wh!ch to
overy Herman is synonymous with a "winning
war."
Many of the professors In the German uni
versities laid aside their classroom notebooks
at the beginning of hostilities and went to the
reai nnng-nne not the firing lino with which
we associate the names of Haeckel, Eucken and
the others who wrote for the benefit of out
siders "the truth about Oermany," An Amerl
cen, writing from Berlin, says that the "German
air raids, for Instance, might not be quite ae
successful It the nearest meteorology professor
Whom we dub weather-prophet at home, were
not called up on the telephone first and asked
about the matter. In many other ways the
army meteorologist t. as Indispensable as the
commanding r,al. And on hap
Inquisitive he will fll.wv.r prore.sor, S
sociology and professors of economies, pro
fessor. of history and professor, of lanju.g,,
anthropologist., statl.tl.lan, and meet other
In the catalogue plying tntlr Utt(1, , ""
or the Immediate rear. nt
"The advantage of having professor, of !.
a battle I. apparent even to the layman bu
believable. If one did not hear It ones..?
tto-WJI contingent should ever ."iv vou "
be sure that .eme German kouZZV fn
Ul will be th,re U Tpu?tt,Ttwu, h"" ,B
cathedral. the Toml J ,Wt
As
SOME. rORElOH
FRIENDS WOUIP
HM US-
APPEAR.
Count do Squash's chateau of Its palntlnn
and Gobelins, tho right kind of a professor li
rushed to tho scene and then and there this
expert makes a thorough Investigation of th
remains, If any, and writes a monograph on
the subject, which Is made available for ths
publlo If anybody wants It.
"Thus, on tho heights overlooking Rhelms,
I onco saw a professor squinting through a
tolescopo at tho cathedral alternately squint
ing and taking notes for tho beat part of an
hour and n month later read his report in the
papers, a. model of sound reporting.
"Tho official German war 'Baedeker' to Bel
glum and Franco will probably be tho greatest
work of Its kind In extitence, for already a
corps of exports have examined and reported
on nil historic buildings, fountains, art monu
ments, as well ns Inartistic onos, right up to
tho firing lino. And If tho Gorman line ever
advances the professors will not bo far behind."
Prof. Fritz Freeh, of tho Unlvorslty ot
Brcslau, calls the attention of his countrymen
to tho need of geological knowledge In the
army. This being a war of entrenchments, a
commanding officer must know closely the na
ture of tho country to which ho Is callod, that
he may adequately arm his men with the re
quisite instruments. Further:
"Somewhat moro comprehensive knowledge
Is required whon It is a case ot seeking
ground which shnll unlto favorably both for
tactical and gcologloal operations. Many field
fortifications aro necessarily erected at certain
definite locations, tho character of whose soil
must needs therefore be taken Into the reck
oning. But when there Is a choice between
several posslblo tactical positions, the 'more
easily worked ground would bo chosen. Hence-4
tho leader of the troops should possess a
knowledge of nt least tho fundamental prin
ciples of the construction of the crust of the
earth, or, In Important cases, should have
advisers at hand who can tell without loss of
time, by tho appearance nnd by geological
maps, where favorable ground conditions are
to bo looked for.
"Tho trained oye will bo ablo to discover,
oven on a rooky subsoil, strata of clay where
advancement trenches can he quickly driven,
or perceive the necessity of tho carrying of
artificial cover by tho attacking troops, when,
for example. In front of a fortified position
sufficient cover cannot be cut In solid rock In
a single -night."
BACTERIA ANCESTORS
From tha Baltimore American.
Marvelous as wore the discoveries of such
prehistoric monsters ns the mammoth, the mas
todon and the stegosnrus, they are now eclipsed
by recent Investigations which show tho most
minute microbes nnd bacteria In fossil form.
The ancestors of our modern Infectious disease
germ, nnd microbe, have been found In fos
sils of the earliest llfo on the earth. Fossil
bacteria have been discovered In very ancient
limestone, collected by Dr. Charles D. Walcott,
""'ary of tho 8mtthsonlan Institution, In
Gallatin County, Montana, In thin sections of
limestone from the collections In 1914 the
microscope now shows these very minute forms
of life, some 20,000,000 to 30.000,000 years old.
The bacteria were discovered In three sections
cut from an algal form Included under th.
gener o name Gnllatlnla, named after the great
American explorer, Gallatin. The bacteria con
sists of Individual cello and apparent chains of
ceils which correspond In their physical ap
pearance with the cell, of mlcroccl, a form of
bacter a of today. The world ha. believed that
Dacterla were modern forms of life, but now
?. Jtre "ladB, t realise that they existed in the
aawn of world history, many million years ago.
TEMPERANCE 5500 YEARS AGO
From the ChrUtlan Herald.
A foreign exahamrn haa M tn-.A.lMw m.
ith! Th.w tl n existence an Egyptian
oKTLm! of the dot0 ot 00 yars before the
h.r.ii n .f.1?' whlch contains the following
??"! """ . ,My "on. do not linger in the wine
Jhopr drlnk too much wine. It causeth thee
iL, r wotda ardng thy neighbor which
'J0," ' membr.st not. Thou falleat upon th
5mm ' Xhy llmbs becme weak as those of a
fiA. rJ1 cometh to trade with thee and
Jh- i, , B0, Thel eay they. 'Take away
the fellow, for ho Is drunk.'" This Is believed
Istence temperance lecture In
THE FAITHFUL HOUSEFLY
A th u'vllle Courier-JournaL
rich S J? ?"" not whether his master is
a. to ii,r r but ,s a fal'hful to the cottager
the hM.nwnerv?f a mansion." Same way with
it U humble- Never deMrts a h0UM beMUM
CHICAGO'S FIRST SETTLER
Fr" " Chicago Herald.
MayorTT,nmnot any means our oldest,
settlers Pn " Mrtftln'J' " ' our bMt
Hav. AFTERGLOW
Th. ii ?L hMfdi ' the lonesome night,
lit.L. J il $ 4h windswept e,
?vf pitched In a minor keyt
iJkS T'0,9 world and the night w hur14
Wke a pall o'er the afterglow?
KAirj,y!,r .n
t it n i wltry blast,
Wu?l4.B8' J ouwving hi. dy.
Ulth hie tun te d wistful paetr
Tw2i.'LU,!!5,,.y.. y.ou kMlw of mbr. iblogi
Te f. ta J" wUdo
WW .., thwWt tote WndUer vein
wn.o th. day', mad labor eada
J. Walter Sitrd. te ia Su-iie,
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