EVENING LEPaEBIHIt;ADELPHlA TUESDAY, APBIC -27, 1915:
8
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Eh-v.-i
i isetttttg jgllgs ftiftger
PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
crnus it. ic. cunTis, pmioi.
. Char) II. l1ullntton1Vlc-PrllentlJehn C. MaHIn,
rMry pnrt Truuurer) Thlllp B. Collins, John B.
William, UlrKtom.
- iii
EDITOnlAIi BOARD t
Chios II. K. Ccims, Chairman.
P. II. 'WlfALET it ...Executive Editor
JOHN C. itAnTI.V .General Duelnets Mnnsner
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rniLADEi.rniA. tuemuy, apiul 27, mis.
The man nnilrf to be a coward passes
as a hero.
An Arena Ripe for Peace
BASEBALL is tin American habit and a
national Institution. A professional
Bport. to be successful, la ncccssnrlly highly
organized. A discipline almost as strict as
that required In an army Is imperative. It
was clear last summer, for Instance, that
many of tho players wero taking advantngo
of tho peculiar conditions existing and wero
not half trying. High-priced stars trifled
day after day. Interest in the sport waned.
Tho commercial aspects of It wero too
strongly emphasized.
Judgo Landls is a "fan." Ho wants, as all
othor "fans" do, an end of the turmoil and a
restoration of normal conditions In tho
game. Ho believes, It appears, that it is the
duty of the magnates to get together, patch
up their differences, forget their animosities
and give orders to play ball. It may bo that
tho antMrust laws, which wore not pri
marily intended to apply to professional
sports, render Illegal tho organization of
baseball under tho present system. Yet It
Is an admirable system for all that, ns has
been proved In tho working. It embodies
tho principle of a strong central authority,
without which discipline could not bo pre
served. Doubtless details of tho peace will bo an
nounced In tho near future. The end of tho
anarchy which has existed will bo Intensely
gratifying to tho public, which hns grown
tired of tho endless bickering.
Save the Babies
STATISTICIANS can tell within a small
fraction of error just how many babies
will die on account of tho Ignorance of their
mothers this summer. Tho Ignornnco is
preventablo. Every ono knows that milk
turns sour in hot weather, and that bottles
improperly cleanod contain disease germs
which multiply when Introduced Into the
system of infants.
Wo know today that pure milk, fed In a
sanitary manner to tho children, will carry
them through the summer In safety, and we
know, likewise, that milk that has begun to
turn sour Is about as fatal to an infant as a
dose of strychnine.
Every agency in tho city interested in tho
protection of public health nnd tho con
servation of life will bo more or less active
In warning mothers of the perils that beset
their offspring. But what can a few such
Institutions do In such a great need? If
they have the co-operation of all kindly dis
posed persons, however, they may be able
to prove for once that the statisticians are
wrong, nnd that the average number of
babies will not die every week from Im
proper feeding In hot weather.
Better Reduce Than Raise Auto Fees
THE time Is not fnr distant when tho pro
priety of compelling the owner of an
automobile to pay a license for the privllogo
of operating it on tho highways will bo
almost ns questionable aa the propriety of
compelling tho owner of a horso and car
riage to get a license beforo he can use the
streets.
The automobile, which was first a rich
man's toy. Is now a business necessity. Not
only are motor trucks nnd delivery wagons
used In business, but passenger vehicles nre
used almost as much In trade as for pleas
ure. Whether they are used for business
or pleasure, they have either displaced
horses or supplemented them. The motorcar
Is so common that It Is difficult to Justify
exceptional treatment of It.
While It will always bo wise to license and
number the cars for identification, tho
amount of the license fee should be reduced
instead of Increased. The money needed to
keep the highways In condition ought to be
raised by general tax upon all property In
stead of by an Increase In the license fees.
The day of toll roads Is passing, nnd the
toll system will be abolished as soon as pos
sible. It should not be perpetuated by a
system of heavy fees for motorcars, which
would amount really to an annual com
pounding of the tolls for the use of tho
highways. The proposition to tax a JIOO car
$20 a year In the .form of a llcenso fee, and
other cars In proportion, now before the
General Assembly, Is outrageous and ought
to be abandoned at once.
Is Government Worth What It Costs?
POLITICIANS talk continuously about re
trenchment nnd reform, as though tho
people were Intensely Interested In these
subjects. But there has been no retrench
ment In recent years. Government is cost
ing more than ever before. In 1S02 the taxes
levied on property at the ad valorem rata
averaged 39.22 for each Inhabitant through
out the Union. In 191? the amount had
grown to 313.91, according to a compilation
of figures by the Bureau of Census Just
mads public. 'This Is an Increase of nearly
49 per cent, in ten years. And what have
we to show for It?
Jt may be said that tho extra expense is
due to the uniform Increase In the cost of
everything, but the more plausible explana
tion is that it has arisen (from the growing
extravagance of govepment. It' manifests
itself not only In Increased salaries to public
servants, but in new enterprises which
mlghj better be left to individual initiative
oftskjyldual management, where the fear
if aF unfavorable balance sheet would com
pel sharpy and efficiency.
But Bth all the general Increase In gov
ernHiwatfcl expenditure there Is some satis
frUo k ttui eemparatlve economy with
bMft tsfsira art iMjaag! (p this State, The
per capita cost of government, as measured
by the ad valorem tjaxes, Is $53.27 in Massa
chusetts, I22.B0 in Now York, 314.37 In Illinois
and only 311.62 In Pennsylvania.
t Ponnaylvnnlnnn would gladly pay ns much
per cnplla no Is paid In Massachusetts If
they believed that they were getting their
money's worth In service. But tho feeling
that government Is not worth what It costs
Is what makes paying taxes like having
teeth pulled.
People Have the Transit Issue In Their
Own Hands
AT LAST tho people of Philadelphia have
tx tho transit Issue In their own hands. By
an overwhelming vote In favor of tho 36,000,
000 loan they ran assure the beginning of
work this summer nnd tho achievement of
tho comprehensive system outlined. Tho
passngo by the State Semite yesterday of the
loan amendment Is a contributing factor of
BllCCCSS.
Let every citizen be sure that ho votes on
Thursday.
Closing Balm Pots for "Wounded Hearts"
IT IS not an offense against the law for
parents to uso their best Judgment In
making their children happy, even after tho
children marry. This Is tho opinion ex
pressed by n Federal Judgo In New York
when ho dismissed the suit for 3250,000 dam
ages brought by an unwclcomo son-in-law
against tho parents of his wlfo for alienating
her affections. Whllo parental authority
ceases with tho marriage of tho child, t'B
Judge decided, the parental rolntlon contin
ues, and there is nothing in law or reason
to compel n family to receive an unwclcomo
son-in-law or daughter-in-law. If the parents
can conduct themselves toward their child so
as to mako him or her seo that tho mar
riage was a worldly or social mistake, they
have tho right to do It without being
subjected to "such sordid demands ns have
been exhibited" In tho caso under discussion.
Whatever foolish young people may think
of this view, nnd however It may bo regarded
by adventurers and ncKonturesses, many
parents will think that It Is tho soundest pro
nouncement on the question that has" como
from tho bench In a long time. If It becomes
tho general rulo of law In nil courts it will
not discourage hasty and Ill-considered mar
riages, but It may relievo tho well-to-do from
suits for compensatory damages brought by
tho financially Irresponsible party to tho
contract against tho parents' of tho other
party who has repented of the hasty pact.
Put Your Slaves to "Work
IT WAS a wlso man who said that whllo
ho admired Fulton and Edison, ho was
euro that the greatest of all Inventors was
tho man who Invented Interest.
Saving, compound Interest, conservative
Investment great arc these three things,
nnd tho greatest of them Is saving. There
are thousands of men who can make monoy,
hut a largo percentago of them know noth
ing whatever about keeping It. The tortoise
with a savings bank Is headed for a fairer
haven than the haro without ono.
Money grows, not on trees, but by work
ing. It Is the most efficient worker In the
world, for it never rests. Day and night It
Is nt Its task, earning Interest, bringing In
Income. But It must be Invested before It
can work, nnd It Is not Invested If it is
squandered.
Few people know tho value of money. It
Is to them a friend whom they know hut
superficially. Somo of Its qualities they ap
preciate. It will buy peanuts, clothes, ad
mission to a theatre, candy, furniture. It
supplies food. These nro Its most obvious
uses. But money as a worker, money as a
willing and sturdy friend, a slave that never
grows old but Is always producing, that Is
tho monoy thnt only tho comparatively few
know anything about. They transmute that
knowledge Into riches. Independence, health,
comfort, self-reliance.
You can work for your pennies or have
your pennies work for you. Tho more of
thoso you work for that you put to working
for you tho better oft you will he. Modest
savings soon become a competency. It Is
easy to throw nway today what would be
comfort In old age. Nor is there any need
to bo miserly. There Is a happy mean be
tween extravagance and frugality, and the
wise man finds It.
Centuries of human experience have
shown that a fool Is known by the rapidity
with which ho separates himself from his
money. Learn to be a saver and you wW
never be a loafer.
"The Coquelin of the Movies"
"TTANDSOME is that handsome does" wan
XI not spoken of John Bunny. Of this
mlrthmaker to the millions It can be said
affectionately thnt "Homely Is that homely
docs " Some one hns called him "the
Coquelin of the Movies," nnd, truly, he Is
better than n clown. He has helped demon
strate the artlBtlc possibilities of a wonder
ful art. A writer In the World's Work says:
I have an Idea that the new art of the
photoplay Is going to owe a good deal more
to Mr. John Bunny In the future. He has
already shown that a real actor can make
an Incredible success before this audience
without any of the vulgarity or horseplay
which used to be considered essential. With
the audience Itself being constantly re
cruited from the ranks of the more critical,
and with actors of taste and ability, the
moving picture of tomorow Is bound to
excel even Its present wonders.
Hosts of people have found the Bunny
films good fun, and when to his provocation
of smiles and laughter Is added the service
to which the World's Work writer pays
tribute John Bunny has a deserved place In
the publio regard. The news comes that he
Is dead, and hundreds of thousands of his
ndmlrers breathed a sigh of regret as they
read the report In the papers yesterday
afternoon.
He who hesitates is bossed.
If to be undecided Is to be neutral, that Is
Italy,
The beat seller is the man who delivers
the goods.
Riding In automobiles Is Just one jitney
after another
All the gas In Europe Is not In the
trenches by any means.
What has Mr, Roosevelt's being a boss got
to do with the charge that Mr. Barnes and
Mr. Murphy worked In unlBon?
I 1 i 1 1 1 1
Secretary Daniels says that the navy is In
better shape than It ever was before, yet
many people And that statement very dis
couraging. The beat government Is not that which
considers St a crime for people to have
money, but that which encourage those
who. haven't any to tt come.
SECOND YPRES FIGHT
LOCAL ENGAGEMENT
German Advance Lacks Significance
Seen in November Battle Too
Soon to Talk of "New Drive to
Channel."
By PRANK II. SIMONDS
DESPITE tho reports which have so far
been published describing tho contest
now proceeding about Ypres, It Is by no
means clear that tho present struggle Is
comparable with tho great battle of Novem
ber fought on tho same fields, In tho earlier
strugglo some 120,000 British troops, hastily
detrained and sent Into tho gap between tho
oxtremo left of tho French and tho sea, were
suddenly assailed by something like half a
million Germans, Including tho famous Prus
sian Guard.
No opportunity enmo to the British to
erect permanent or seml-pcrmanont defenses;
they fought In hastily constructed field
trenches. Much of the fighting was bayonet
work, nnd nothing In tho whole progress of
tho war In the western field can be com
pared for casualties with the first battle of
Ypres. Tho British lines endured tho storm.
Presently, reinforced by French army corps,
they yielded a little, but hung on to Ypres.
Tho purpose of German strategy In No
vember wns plain. Calais and the other
Channel ports wero tho Immediate objec
tive; tho destruction of tho British army
nnd a second ndvnnco to Paris 11 posslblo
outcome. Tho wholo nlllcd left flank In
Franco nnd Belgium was In deadly peril.
Not oven Waterloo was a moro closely run
race than the bnttlo of Ypres.
New Factors Presented
But a second light on the same ground
opens wholly new horizons. First of nil,
Brltl3h strength In France has nrlsen from
120.000 to 760,000. Not all of tho 750,000
probably not more than half aro on tho
firing line; but this Is treble tho number
thnt held Ypres In November. In artillery
tho Improvement has been enormous. To
tho westward about Nlcuport, where BO.OOO
Belgians, the remnant of the defenders of
Antwerp, repulsed the Germans, there are
now 120,000, six divisions reorganized, sup
ported by new artillery.
Beyond these advantages lies that Inci
dent to tho fortlflcntlon at allied lines. For
months this work hns gone on, trenrh by
trench, one line upon another; tho British,
Belgians nnd French have dug themselves
Into n position, held once under terrible
pressure, when it wns hardly fortified at all.
Under tho clrcumstnnces It Is difficult to
believe that tho Kaiser's commanders nro
undertaking to resume tho enrller and moro
nmhltious strategy which aimed at Calais,
Dunkirk and Boulogne. All told, with avail
able reserves, the British, Belgian nnd
Fronch forces must number close to a mil
lion on this narrow front, and a German
concentration of equal numbers Is not now
conceivable.
On the other hand. It is plain that the
Germans have won about Ypres, to tho west
of tho town, n local triumph wholly com
parablo with that of tho British at Neuvo
Chapellc. They have won It, too, In much
tho samo way. First, thero has been tho
concentration of artillery tho great bom
bardment, supplemented here by tho use of
gas-filled projectiles. Then has como tho
great rush, as at Neuve Chapolle. Finally
tho German ndvanco has been checked, tho
Germans have consolidated the ground taken
and tho Allies havo resorted to counter
attacks, which have been more or less suc
cessful, ns German or allied statements nro
accepted.
"Nibbling" Tnctics Borrowed
Now, on the present evidence, this Is a
perfect repetition of tho allied tactics of
"nibbling," which were exemplified at Neuvo
Chapelle and about St. Mlhlel. It is a light
for locnl advantage, an effort to take a po
sition of real but local Rtrateglc value and
to Inflict enormous losses on the opponent
by forcing him to mako costly counter-attacks
to regain his lost ground.
The point selected by the Germans for
their attack, west of Ypres Instead of east,
where they advanced in the nutumn, Is a
natural target. Could they actually break
through the lino hero, and were there no
line of defense in the rear, they could pene
trate between the Belgians nnd the British,
throw the Belgians back upon Dunkirk and
roll the English In upon the French nt La
Bassce.
But In tho whole western fighting since
the battle of the Alsne opened neither side
has succeeded In any such grandiose opera
tion. Rods nnd half-miles have been the
measure of local advantages, and mo
mentary success In piercing first lines has
ended In a dead halt upon the second or the
third.
Conceivably the Germans have again set
out to "hack their way through" Flanders.
THE CREATOR OP THE GERMAN NAVY
ONE of tho most Interesting of yesterday's
war dlspatcheB was the quotation of a tele
gram sent by tho Kaiser to Admiral von Tlr-
pltz. Minister of Marine
and Admiral of the fleet:
"On. today's Both anni
versary of your entering
the naval service, I ex
press my heartiest con
gratulations, also my
pleasure that, with God's
help, It was granted you
to celebrate this day still
In active service and full
vigor.
"I embrace this oppor
tunity to assure you of
my warmest gratitude for
your great services to the
VON TIRPIT55
Fatherland by the successful extension of the
navy. With Justified pride you can look today
on this, your life work, the Importance of which
the present war hag strikingly shown. As a
elm of my gratitude, I confer on you the Grand
Commander of the Koyal House, Order of the
Home of Hohenzollem."
The Germans have their own descriptive name
for Admiral von Tlrpltz. It Is "TlrplU the
Eternal." No German since Bismarck has held
public office so long. The real creator of the
German navy, he has directed its policy for the
last 17 years. He Is the man who gave British
navallsm Its hardest race. He Is the man who
built that famous torpedo fleet. He is the man
who still says, "I can wait"
In 1S90 an American, Captain Mahant pub
lished his book on "The Influence of Sea Power
Upon History." Emperor William II, at his
first meeting with the great naval historian, said
to him: "I have not read your book; I have
devoured It-" This book supplied the seed which
presently flowered in the Emperor's declaration,
"Our futura lies on the water."
For several years the emperor's proposals
But the last attempt, with every advantngo
In their favor, was costly and profitless. A
general nnd sweeping success five month3
later is almost unthinkable.
On tho other hand, by taking the offenslvo
now tho Germans may fairly hope to force
the Allies to conform to their attacks. They
may expect to relievo pressuro In Alsace and
French Lorraine" by their own operations In
Flanders. Abovo nil, thoy will put an end
to a condition wholly Intolerable to German
high command In which tho German forces
lu tho west nro everywhere on the defensive.
It Is plain now that for their present op
eration tho Germans havo withdrawn troops
from tho East Prussian frontier. Floods
and thaws have made this region Impassable
for many weeks; hence the Germans In this
field have been relcnsed for western opera
tions. Probably not a few reglmonts which
shared In tho victory at tho Mazurlan Lakes
aro now In the line beforo Ypres. Others
nre unquestionably appearing In tho Car
pathians nnd contributing to tho patent
check to Russian advance.
Purely Local Engagement
In sum, as It now appears, the second bat
tlo of Ypres Is a purely local engagement,
marked by desperate fighting nnd hugo
losses, but hnrdly as serious a battle as that
of November, when the wholo battle lino In
Frnnco nnd Belgium was placed In Jeopardy
and tho Kaiser came within nn ace of win
ning to Napoleon's cliff at Boulogne and
carrying his front, If not to the walls of
Paris, at least to Amiens and the Somme.
What the Germans have so far won 13 an
admirable counterpoise to allied gains nt
Hill No. 60 nnd at Neuve Chapelle. Tho
moral effect Is not to be minimized. That
Germany Is ablo to resume tho offenslvo with
such violence nnd success will bo nn un
pleasant surprise to all allied observers. But
It Is too soon to talk of a "new drive to the
Channel" or another attempt to -take Calais.
READING HISTORY
He who reads history learns to distinguish
what la local from what Is universal; what la
transitory from what Is eternal; to discriminate
between exceptions and rules; to trace the
operation of disturbing causes; to separate the
general principles, which nre always true and
everywhere applicable, from the accidental cir
cumstances with which in every community
thoy aro blended, nnd with which. In an lso
lited community, they are confounded by the
most philosophical mind. Hence It Is that In
generalization the writers of modern times
have far surpassed those of antiquity. Ma
caulay. THE VIRTUE OP HUMILITY
Humility Is a virtue all preach, none prac
tice; and yet everybody Is content to hear.
John Selden.
found no sympathetic response In Germany.
For Beveral years he was on the lookout for
the man who could make his naval dream a
reality. He wanted a "new" man, a modem
man. He found him In Alfred Tlrpltz,
When the Kaiser called him from duty at an
Asiatic station, Tlrpltz was not "von." Tlrpltz
camo of a somewhat plebeian family, according
to standards which previously had determined
rank and promotion In the German navy. He
grew up In a small town, more than a hundred
miles from sea, Into a raw-boned, ungainly boy,
but a boy distinguished by a certain force of
character and fixed determination. When his
father, a village lawyer, put him aboard a Prus
sian frigate, when the lad was 17, these charac
teristics enabled him to advance Jn spite of
artstocratto opposition.
It was the Kaiser's new Minister of Marine
who brushed aside the conventional qualifica
tions for promotion. It was he who soundly
established the merit system In the German
navy. In the early days, youthful aristocrats,
pained at Tlrpltz's habit of advancing the sons
pf tradesmen over their heads, would run to
the Kaiser for consolation. They seldom, If
ever, found It
"You'll have to get along with him as well as
you can," the Emperor once said. "That's what
I have to do."
Tirplti was the man who introduced shirt
sleeve methods Into the German Admiralty and
the man who roused publio opinion In favor of
a big nayal program. Public opinion was neces
sary, contrary to a common belief that the
Kaiser's nod is omnipotent Von Tlrpltz Is a
press agent He started the Navy League, the
parent of all similar organizations In the world.
Our little Navy League, with 1U few thousand
members, is pygmy-like beside that of Germany,
with nearly LSOJ.OOO contributors.
Some say that this mn, more than
other, has molded European history.
"LET IT RAIN!"
AGAIN tho demons down under tho land
. havo violently shaken Italy. Tho gods
of war and tho gods of tho earthquake seem
to bo conspiring against tho pence nnd pros
perity of tho nation. Quakes, wo learn, havo
been of almost dally occurrence nt Avez
zano and In the surrounding territory since
tho heavy, disastrous shock of January 13.
Twlco In thnt period tho disturbances have
been severe.
Thero runs through the peninsula ono of
thoso fissures, or "faults," as tho geologists
call them, which aro scattered over tho
globe, and which, as the earth's crust ad
Justs itself to changing conditions of pres
sure, work havoc with tho towns and fields
abovo them. Though these fissures' servo
much tho same purpose ns do tho brenks In
tho continuity- of a huge bridge, allowance
being made In both cases for expansion and
contraction, nature Is a clumsy worker nnd
tho Joints' do not slip smoothly. Hence, whllo
tho consequences may not bo serious to the
globo as a whole, tho local effects are some
times devastating. Throughout history
Italy has known these disturbances, some of
thorn exceedingly violent. Always thero Is
tho threat of disaster to the people who
dwell abovo the earthquake.
Not So Strange, After All
Human nnturo triumphs' over fear, how
over, and tho Abruzzi seems to lose none of
its attractiveness aB a place of abode. The
people of this region, ns tho human fashion
Is, continue their allegiance ns if the terri
tory wero as safe ns any other. The dis
patches show that tho loss of life frosi tho
recent heavy earth shocks was Blight, as
compared with the disaster In January, one
reason being that bo' many of the Inhabitants
were occupying temporary tents nnd huts,
nnd not the dangerous stone houses which
had been ruined In January. But tho people
will build of stone again. It is their long
eBtabllshed way, despite nil warnings from
events. After every repeated experience,
though It Is easily possible to build houses
which no earthquake will harm much, or
even at all, they go on using their most
convenient material, nnd do not employ It In
ways that would considerably reduce Its
perils.
This will seem strange or reprehensible
only to those who do not reallzo that life
cannot bo lived In n state of constant prepa
ration for nil contingencies, even the remote
ones, nnd that It would be Intolerably ex
pensive and Inconvenient .constantly to gunrd
against every danger that may arise. Stone
houses havo advantages which more than
counterbalance their dangers even in Italy,
and the Italians will go on living In them
till the end of time, Just as they will go on
living on tho slopes of Vesuvius and Etna.
This Is done, not in ignoraco of peril, but In
recognition, conscious or unconscious, of the
fact that while disaster la always possible,
at no given moment or day or year is it
sufficiently probable to compel, or even to
Justify, removal to a safer but less fertile
region.
Habit of mind nnd constraint of circum
stance have produced similar Instances in
this counry. In the cyclone country many
of the people neglect to prepare against tho
ever-present menace. In the valley of the
Mississippi men still make their homes where
the floods have moro than once come and
gone. In San Francisco, a generation ago,
the citizens said they would not have build
ings more than three stories in height fre
quent earth tremors told them to he careful.
The rest of that tale is known, to everybody,
Misfortunes of Villa Franca
A poor little island village of the Azores
has trembled in sympathy with almost every
volcanic eruption or violent earthquake that
has been felt in any part of the world in
the last five centuries. Vlla Franca, once
the proud capital of St Michael's, has been
destroyed and rebuilt four times'; haa been
terribly damaged on many occasions; has
been shaken by echoes from Vesuvius, Etna
and Mont Pelee. It has suffered so many
Violent but less disastrous selsmla disturb
ances that the residents have lost count of
them.
The one-time capital U now a meek little
town of 8000 inhabitants, sprawled out on a
stntta olopa oa tb aoutaera coast of the
r
LIVING ABOVE THE EARTHQUAKE
The People of the Abruzzi Build Houses of Stone After Evdryl
Destructive Shock A Town in the Azores That Has
Risen Many Times From Similar Ruin.
By SAMUEL HARRIS
Island. As It Ilea In the sun and looks oat1
on tho Atlantic It is constantly remlndtd M
Its many troubles by a hugo, bleak rock.thal
was onco part of the city, but is now almost
a mllo from the coast. Tho mooring rings'
with which the city onco gripped vessels to
tho shore of its prosperous harbor are now!
rusting far out in tho sea, and the harbor
has1 been destroyed by reefs and rocks thi
hp.ve tumbled up to tho surface during thi.
upheavals
Tho big, black rock out In the sea U tS
crater that was active beforo Villa FrincJ
was semea. xnrougnauc mo cny one nnai
grent masses of black lava that pobreo
through tho streets. But Villa Franca ntw
has
becn discouraged. After each deithic-.il
It has rebuilt Itself and returned it III 1
tlon
business. Boiling lava has burled parts of j
tho city, but as soon as tho lava cooita 11
has been laid out Into streets and houitl
havS been built above thoso buried. Todtr
Villa Franca Is a community of short but
wide streets, beautiful avenldas1, prtttjri
parks and quaint old churches. Tomorrow
all these may be ruined without a moment'i
notice, Just as has happened many tlm la
tho nast
As the stories of San Francisco, the Ao:
ruzzl and Villa Franca suggest, there er
earthquakes of high and low degree. Their
frequency In many parts of the world l
moro startling to read about, seeminpri
i,nn tt ia i r AvnorlnnrA nn n. resident Fff
ures show that Japan In eight years hail
S331 shocks, and Greeco, 3187 In six ytj
These statistics Include dlsturtances
slight that only the seismograph deltdw
them, but the number is plentiful enouib.
San Francisco feels a slight tremor ftlmort
every week. , (
Tho Seismologist's Interest "J
There are two curious points well wort
noting nbout earthquakes which are not S?4y
crally known. In tho first place, the
overwhelming the consequence of an eartS;
qunko may be In n human and malerui
sense, the less Interesting 1b It usually to tM;
Eeismologlcat expert; In the second P,
the range of the anocK is in invereo ... -t
the amount of destruction which it causei w,
tho earth's surface. For the scientist "
has specialized In the Investigation of ;
mlo disturbances will tell you that the retW
big earthquakes occur most frequently.
In populous countries like Italy and , W4
but In desolate regions far from the famiwj
centres of civilization or down In the oeyw
of tho ocean. The fact that so many t?L
sands of Uvea have been lost Jn an
quake has less significance for the expen
who Is concerned with the scientific ratj
than, the human consequences of the coaJ
slon-than the effects which may have &
made on the rocK-rormations 01 "
tua ItiVinhlr. 4
There nre, you must know, such th,n;tr
., .-ll na AttiKr.waVef. Pissi
while the ether-waves have, by the "4f ;
of a Marconi, been harnessed into ne ".s
of mankind, no scientist has yet dl8CJiSf
- .1 o. ..ven anyP51
f ,itnl-r!nr thm. The ShOClt Of & 'TS7 fl
disturbance travels In waves at the "'Asgl
two miles a second in me ttclUB',' "T.Ii
tne aisiumance, ana "" f"1 -- jc
,. 1 .1 in.nn -ovuii by the iVsm
touva aq kid mpmm.a v,.,-. .inltifill
waves Increases. The deeper th8,0rra
movement happens to be, the "n"jfl
shock travels; out ina uecp .. --
6n the other hand, the Jees extn'vn7ag$
usually the less serious, fwml,jVid
view of loss of life, is me v.".
the earth's surface.
tor mahtyrs' HYMN
Flung to the heedless winds, or on the wj
The martyrs' ashes watched shall rt)1,r
And from that scattered dust, around u
Shall spring a plenteous seed of wltntfi
God.
The Father hath received their W -
breath; . . ,, in
And vain Is Satan's boast of victory
8U11. still. tKousrh dead, they P M
pet-tongued, proclaim ,j
To many awakened nd. th OB
name.
MMtla X.utbr UawUMoa by w.