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EVMING LEBGER PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 21. 1915:
1 3tttttitt0 gH$5& Sanger
rUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
crntrs n. K. curtis, Fuesibbky.
Charles It. Ludlngton, Vice-President: John C. Martin,
Purrtinrr and Trtntureti rtilllp 8. Collins, John B.
Wllilm. Ulrectors.
t i .
EDiToniAti noxno t
Cutest! K. ruTi, Chairman.
Fi tVHAt.BT.. .....! ...KefuHv KdUor
JOttNC. MAIlTtN Oencrnl nuslnemi StAnaKer
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Good company consists not In the nitm&cr, but
In the quality, of your companions.
A Crucinl Test for the War Machine
WHATEVEIt niny bo tlie ultlmntc out
conip of the war. every ImparHal ob
server must bo mnrvollng nt tho wonderful
perfection of the Herman military mai htno
It has stood up under the severest tiling
lnablo strain for more than eight months
and It still seems to be working smoothly.
No German exported that his country would
havo to fight prartknlU till Europe. Tho
army was not built for any such stupendous
taBk, Rut It has thus fur been equal to It,
and It has been able to forco tho fighting
Into tho tcrtltory of tho enemy and keep It
oft German soil. Tho French have boon In
Alsaeo nnd Lnrrnlne and the Russians hnve
made Incut slons Into Uti.st Prussia, but Ger
many Itself has not had Its Holds lnld wnstfl
nor Its cities destroyed
As the Allies perfect their armies and put
them In the field the Gorman nlllcprs will
find their task more difficult thnn It has been
during the winter. It has become necessary
to send men to the relief of Austria who
were needed to defend German territory, and
the Russians' aro Just now hurrying HOO.noO
soldiers to tho Carpathians to drive back tho
German reinforcements nnd force their way
to Budapest. And while the Russians ato
piling men on to their southwestern front
Kitchener's millions are getting In lino on
tho German nnd Belgian frontier prepara
tory to a great offensive move which they
hopa will be Btron? enough to force tho Ger
mans to fall back.
How long can the German war machine
stand the pressure?
Up to "Ed"
THE most politic thing "Ed" Vnro ever
did was to get on tho Brumbaugh band
wagon early in the last campaign Flnco
then he has on several occasions arrayed
himself on tho side of good government. He
can very materially Increase his prestige
now and do himself nnd party a good turn
through sticking to tlie Governor.
Somo political support has In It objectlon
nble features similar to thoso urged against
the uso of "tainted" monoy, but n good deed
Is a good deed, no matter by whom per
formed. Local option will bo no less de
sirable If It Is won through tho support of
tho South Philadelphia Senator, and that
gentleman can afford to have a star some
where In his record.
The Disappearing Villa
VILLA is not proving himself to bo tho
hope of Mexico, even If he were for a
time tho hope of the Administration at
Washington. When Obregon whipped him
at Celaya his prestige as the unconqucred
was destroyed. Ills followers havo been
driven back from Queretaro on tho cast of
Celaya and from Guadalajara on tho west.
Carranza, with the aid of Obregon, seems
to have a pretty firm hold on tho district
between Celaya and tho capital.
Villa's star Is on the wane. But It will bo
much better for Mexico if he keeps his nrmy
In the field thnn If ho should disband It.
Every time a Mexican revolutionary army
breaks up it forms Itself Into a score of
robber bands, which live on the country and
make tho prevailing stato of anarchy moro
acute. If it were possible to combine, all tho
armies Into one nil responsible Mexicans
would welcome tho combination with a sigh
of relief, for then they would havo to deal
with a single extortioner Instead of halt a
dozen. But no such desirable outcomo Is In
sight, because the Mexican revolutionists aro
fighting for loot rather than for lovo of
their country.
Can't Cluh Inspiration Into a Man
THERE will bo no conscription, says Lloyd
George, speaking for tho Government, and
that ought to settle tho matter. It Is a war
which has attracted volunteers In all the
belligerent nations. Few stories of back
wardness havo made their way into print.
To bo sure, recruiting was rather slow in
England during the early weeks of tho war,
but that was caused by a misapprehension
of tho situation.
So long as the public was led to bellevo
that a handful of Belgians wero successfully
resisting tho advance of tho great German
machine few men felt It neci nry to enlist.
When tho truth leaked out, however, and the
Teal power of the German arms became ap
parent hesitancy was out of the question.
An army raised by conscription Is seldom a
good army. There must be Inspiration be
hind a battle line, and Inspiration Is some
thing that cannot b driven Into a man with
a club.
Collapse of Railroading for Speculation
TrIE primary purpose of a railroad Is to
carry passengers and freight. If the
American railroads had been used for no
ot.her purpose they would bo In much better
"Condition today, and they would not be com
pelled to fight hostile legislation in almost
every State as well as In Wuslftngton. But
speculators have secured control of railway
properties, not to do a legitimate transporta
tion business', but for the sole purpose of
manipulating; the shares of stock on the mar
ket and for reorganization, recapitalization
nnd rebondirtg to make pew securities to float
upon an innocent and gullible public. The
Tironerty of the honest Investor has been dls
(.ntBd, nnd confidante in the honesty of
railroad financing ha been destroyed, so that
tUe b.ctna;iy managed railroad company baa
ad to suffer with the speculatively managed
tf,friny and has been compelled to go to
.-emt tr$uM and expenw to persuade tho
governmental commissions that, when It says
It needs to crtrn more money If It Is to keep
out of bankruptcy, It nctually docs need It
for a legitimate purpose.
Tho complcto collapso of tho Chicago nnd
Rock Island Hallway Company Is Iho latest
Illustration of what happens when railroad
securities nro used for purposes of specula
tive promotion. Tho shnres of the company
sold for 207 In 1902, before the speculators
began to play with It. They sold yesterday
for 24'.4, but the property, which was earning
enough to Justify tho high value of the
shines 13 years ago, Is still In existence and
there is business for It. Hut It will havo
to bo put In tho hands of railroad men
Interested primarily In the railroad business
before it can be rehabilitated.
Wanted: A IJ.irnes Conscience
in Philadelphia
POLITICIAN'S are thin-skinned In New
York. Mr. Bnrtics has played the gatno
a long time. Ho has hung more thnn ono
sculp to his wlgwntn nnd moro than one
Governor has been his intimate. There have
been phases of his career not good to look
upon. The charges brought by Mr. Roose
velt during u hot campaign voiced a general
belief among citizens of Now York Proof
of them Is another mnttef. There are many
things thnt nre true which cannot he proved,
and the public's conclusion In mutters of this
sort Is generally correct. It may be doubted
If registration frauds In Fayette County
could be established In a court of Justice, or
tho conspiracy between certain Republican
lenders and tho liquor ring, ynt there wero
frauds nnd there was a conspiracy.
Hut In Pennsylvania what do Jovial I oil
tlclnns care about publication of ihrlr nefa
rious deeds? They thrive on exposures. They
rejoice when crookedness is Imputed to them.
They tevel In Impious alliances. N'ow and
then one rises to say thnt it took him many
month' to lino up tlie saloons behind tho Re
publican ticket nnd he is not going to per
mit the Governor or anybody else io alien
ate them. On the whole, however, they de
pend for publliitv on fi lends ( good govern
ment, who endeavor to arotie the electorate
by publication of the facts.
There Is, by common consent, no libel In
siccuslns these men of bipartisanship, cor
rupt alliances, bartering of power, pillage ot
funds, exploitation In franchises, etc. Tho
charges havo become a matter of course
nfter years of iteration. It Is ono of the big
assets of tho Organization that It has a
trading sign out, as efficient a "fence" as
was ever caught with tho goods. Pee "tho
boys higher up" Is tho motto, and "tho boys"
appear to be perfectly willing to bo seen.
What a lino thing It would bo If ono of
our own statesmen developed n Barnes con
science! It would prove moral progress If
nothing else.
JOHN W. WEEKS
FOR PRESIDENT
Victor Mtirdock Thinks Thnt the
Massachusetts Senator Is a Second
MoKinley He Is a Courageous
and Conciliatory Statesman.
By GEOKGE W. DOUGLAS
WHEN Victor Mtirdock, in a moment of
enthusiastic admiration, said thnt John
W. Weeks was more like William McKlnley
than nny other public man who had emerged
ftom the masi of Inconspicuous citizens slnco
T-w tho death of tho
great uinuiui,
was putting on rec
ord something moro
thnn praise for tho
lunlor Senator from
Massachusetts.
Victor Mtirdock Is
a radical. Ho was
one of Hit original
Progressives and ho
has long been an op
ponent of tho theo
ries and prnctices of
i he o n s o rvntlve
ulng of tho Repub
lican pnrtv.
John W. Weeks Is
i conservative. Ho
iiiiin wirs worked In hearty
Hwupiitlij with -ipf iker Cannon whllo he
was a member if ilic House of Representa
tive". Hr mm for years n banker and broker
nnd has made a fnttune through Ills connec
tion with what the Knnsans like to call the
money trust.
"HXLL, THAT AIN'T LIBEL; THAT'S A COMPLIMENT!"
"
Foss as a Raromcter
THE chief use of Eugene Noble Foss, of
Massachusetts, Is ns a barometer to tell
the state-of the political weather. Ho tried
vainly to be elected to Congress as a Repub
lican believing in reciprocity. Wher lie failed
the last time he nnnounced thnt ho was n.
Democrat and ran for tho Governorship on
a reciprocity platform nnd wns olected. Ho
detected tho signs of a sentiment favoring a
lower tariff, or a high protective system miti
gated by reciprocity for the benefit ot tho
consumer and producer, nnd profited by his
foresight.
N'ow this bnrometer It would bo unkind as
well as unJuBt to call him a weather-cock
has announced that he Is a candidate for tho
Governorship on the Republican ticket this
year and that ho will run on a "dry" plat
form. Once moro his Instinct has disclosed
to him the drift of popular sentiment, nnd
he Is willing to get political profit out of
his nblllty to feel approaching changes In
tho political weather. If lie Is elected ho Is
ready to seek the Republican nnn.inntlon for
tho Presidency, In the firm belief that ho
can rido into office on tho water wagon. But
whether or not Mr. Foss can continue to get
votes enough to olect him, It Is certain that
the next President, whoever ho Is, will como
nearer to standing on a dry platform than
on a platform framed by tho liquor Interests.
What 10,000 Cars .Mean
AN
Jrx i
as has JttBt been given by tho Pennsyl
vania Railroad, seems to the person unfa
miliar with tho enormous freight business of
tho country big enough to provide earn to
carry almost all tho products of tho East.
It Is n big order and tho capacity of 10,000
cars Is great. If tho cars wero all coupled
In ono train they would reach from hero to
Xew York, nnd tho first car could bo un
loading In the freight ynrds on tho other
side of tho Hudson beforo tho cabooso had
pulled out of West Philadelphia.
Tho train could carry 6,600,000 bushels of
wheat, or four times aH much wheat as Is
raised In all New Jersey In a year. It would
barely suflice to carry 1,600,000 bales of cot
ton, or moro than the total Alabama crop has
averaged in recent years. If two automobiles
wero placed In each car the train could ac
commodate 20,000 motorcars, or tho product
of tho Ford factories for 20 days.
Tho country Is big and tho demand for
transportation Is beyond human comprehen
sion. Wo may read the figures, but they
mean nothing because they aio so large. An
order for 10,000 cars may havo llttlo effect
upon tho ability of the railroads as a whole
to carry freight, but tho fact that they nre
needed to take the place of worn-out equip
ment of a single railroad nnd that their
manufacture will put $10,000,000 In circulation
should make every business man rejoice at
the brightening business prospects.
His enemies keep Mr. Roosevelt in the
limelight.
Diplomacy, at any rate, Is giving Italy am
plo time in which to get ready.
The Governor Is accused of using the "big
stick," which Is a synonym for public opinion.
Every time a Japanese sneezes some jingo
Imagines that ho Is a secret powder magazine.
Frank Is technically guilty, but what the
public wants to know Is who murdered Mary
Phagan.
Hurling 600,000 Russians into the Carpa
mlans or anywhere eUe Is not such a. mighty
t:ir. In these days that is a small army.
Possibly H will be used as an advance guard.
Friends With Extremists
Su when the Kansas radical says nice
things about the Musxachu setts lonscna
tic he is putting n record the Important
fact that Kansas radicalism is less extreme
than It used to be, nnd at tho eamo time bo
is paying a tribute to tho nblllty of Senator
Weeks to make friends even with extremists
without nbnting one Jot or tittle of his own
conservatism.
Am there aro men who say that tho West
ern speaking tour op which Senator Weeks
is now engimed Is fur the purpose of letting
Hie citizens or tint part of tho country tnko
his measure so that they may know whnt
be is like when they nro asked to favor his
nomination to tho Presldoncy next year, it
becomes Important that tho rest of the coun
try should know the kind of man ho is.
It has already been said that be was a
banker and broker. Ho entered tho bnnklng
business In 1SSS ns the Junior member of the
firm of Iloinblnwer & Weeks, of Boston. Tho
I business of the firm hns gtown, until offices
nro maintained In Xow York, Detroit and
Chicago, ns well as In Boston. While Mr.
Weeks was a member of the House of Rep
resentatives ho retained his Interest In tho
firm and was not Ignorant of what was done
In tho Washington branch, maintained for a
while, even If bo did not superintend It In
tho hours when ho wns not occupied with his
public duties. Rut, curiously enough, Mr.
Weeks has not suffered politically becauso
of his business connections with tho stock
exchanges as a banker nnd broker.
A Good Word for Cannon
And he did not suffer, either, because of
his support of Cnnnon nt a time when all
the radicals wero denouncing Cannonlsm In
unmeasured tonus. In tho midst of tho fight
ho went to Newton, his homo city, and In
tho course of a talk to n church men's club
on tho manner of doing business In Wash
ington, ho went out of his way to say a good
word for Cannon. He Insisted that tho
Speaker was not tho monster that ho had
been painted, nnd that If any member of
tho House had a bill tho passage of which
would servo any public end Cannon would
help him to the full extent of his ability, but
that if a ninn were merely trying to play
politics and occupy tho tlmo of Congress
without any public end in view, the Speaker
would turn hltn down. And, said Mr. Weeks,
most of tho denunciation ot tho Speaker
eamo from tho latter class of Congressmen.
This was said at a time when in somo sec
tions of tho country it was unsafe to say a
pleasant word about any characteristic of
the Speaker. But Mr. Weeks snld It In such
n frank, honest and slnccro manner, and ho
inado It so plain to his hearers that tho
Speaker was but tho agent of tho majority
of the Houso In the transaction of business
which had to bo done, thnt ho did not pro
voko even a murmur of dissent. If Victor
Mtirdock means that Mr. Weeks hns tho
hnme skill in discussing controversial topics
without provoking hostile criticism that Mc
Klnley manifested, his skill was certainly
shown thnt winter night In Newton a few
yenrs ago.
Mr. Weeks took the big vlow of tho Speak
ership controversy, and not tho petty per
sonal view. He recognized tho necessity of
having somo authority In chnrge of legisla
tion with power enough to sen that business
was dono. Under the rules tho Speaker exer
cised that power and Mr. Weeks did busi
ness In tho wny that experience had proved
was good. Ho wns under no Illusion when
the power was taken from the hnuilH of tho
Speaker and put in tho hands of n commit
tee, becauso ho knew that the change meant
simply the transfer of power nnd that tho
business would still bo dono in tho same old
way, snvo that a Congressman would havo
to deal with a committee Instead of with a
single man when ho wanted to get his meas
ures advanced.
It Is the habit of this man to tnko the big
vlow of questions. Ho was ono of tho few
Republican Senators who voted for tho cur
rency bill. But ho had worked hard io Im
prove tho measure whllo It was before Con-
if iiP
-C5 VnllWmY BARNES1 LAWYERS 1 ,
Jfis-fe, Pffi I'. TELL JURY ROOSEVELT MUST 1
S-o ' II f II PROVE CHARGE OF BARNES 1
H$p7 a ' m BEING ,N "AN ALLIANCE j'
&SbA BPfc 3Sa I F CR00KED BUSINESS AND I
ho " 2&&AX-'yl rif JI'Me flk .w IH " " H U '
gross. Ho forgot that he was a Republican
In n fiemnctntlc Henate, but i emembered only
that ho wns an American citizen with somo
pr.'ic tlcnl knowledge of banking, and he gavo
to his colleagues the benefit of all his knowl
edge nnd evperienco in framing the bill. Ho
recognized that It was not :i perfect measure,
and ho wns well aware of Its defects, but
It was much better than tho law which It wns
to displace, and so he voted with tho Demo
crats for tho new banking law and shares
with them tho responsibility for whatever
good there Is In it. In discussing the meas
ure In tho debates ho spoko with perfect
frankness nnd with persuasiveness and nl
ways with thnt sweet reasonableness which
conciliates and convinces. With tho clear In
sight of a tialncd business man he went
straight to tho heart of the question and
discussed It on Its merits. And ho did not
talk unless ho had something to say.
Winning Attention in Congress
And It was becauso he had something to
say that ho won tho nttentlon of tho Houso
tho first tlmo ho got up to speak. Tho bill
to prevent hazing at Annapolis was under
discussion there, and Mr. Weeks, who had
first arranged to havo the Speaker recognize
him, said:
"Mr. Speaker, I am o. graduate of Annap
ols." Thero had been tho usual disorder, with
members talking to ono another whllo tho
debato progressed, but ns soon ns this new
man announced that ho wns a graduate of
tho Naval Academy, they all know that ho
must know much moro about hazing thero
than any other man on tho floor, and they
listened. And It was tho first time In years
that tho House had even cared whether ft
new member said anything or not. Tho at
tention which ho secured then ho has held
ever since. It did not tnko his colleagues
long to discover that ho was a man to bo
reckoned with.
Every ono who knows him admits that ho
is of presldcntal size. Whether he Is of pres
idential availability or not is another ques
tion. Ho Is in tho prlmo of life, as ho was born
lit Now Hampshire in I860. Ho was raised
on a. farm and wns graduated from tho
Naval Academy In 1SS1, Ho served ns a
midshipman for threo years and resinned to
become an assistant land commissioner for
the Florida Southern Railway. In 1SSS h
entered tho banking firm of Hornblower fe
Weeks and retained his connection with It
until ho entered tho Senate In 1013. Ho started
his political career as an alderman In New
ton, a suburb of Boston. Ho held that office
for threo years and was then elected Mayor.
He was n captain in tho auxiliary naval
forco on tho Atlantic Coast during tho Span
ish war and wns first elected to Congress In
1901. He Is a member of tho Society of tho
Cincinnati, the Sons of tho Revolution nnd
tho Society of the War of 1812, and Is ono
of the most popular and respected citizens
in Massachusetts.
THE NARROW DOORS
The Wide Door into Sorrow
Stands open nlRbt and day.
With head hold high and dancing feet
I pass It on my way.
I never trend within It.
I nover turn to see.
The Wide Door Into Sorrow
It cannot frighten me.
Tho Narrow Doors to Sorrow
Are secret, still, and low;
Swift tongues ot dusk that spoil the sun
Beforo I even know.
.
Oh, stranger than my midnights
Of loneliness and strife
The Doors that let tho dark creep In
Across my sunny life!
Fannls Stearns GirforJ, In The Atlantic,
SETTING BATS TO FIGHT FEVER
SAN ANTONIO protects bats by law. From
this example It seems that the housing and
protection of the domestic bat may develop Into
a clvlo activity elsewhere. For Dr. C. A. Camp
bell, of San Antonio, cays that the bat Is an
enemy of mosquitoes and other pouts and Is
one of the best possible aids In the fight against
malaria. Colonel Gorgas, of Canal Zone fame,
believes the doctor Is right.
San Antonio has gone ahead and established
a "municipal roont." It U a monitor shelter,
set upon a platform 30 feet high. The Houston
Chronicle, In connection with tho announce
ment of a lecture by Doctor Campbell on his
novel plan for eradicating the mosquito, says;
"Doctor Campbell does not come as a 'faddist'
or 'crank.' He has spent It years and (S0O0 In
soientltlc Investigation of the bat and the mos
quito problem and mosquitoes mean malaria.
He has been indorsed by the San Antonio Board
of Health, the Scientific Society of San An
tonio aud the San Antonio Academy of Medi
cine "Qentral W. C. Gorgaj, of Panama fame, tb
foremost sanitary expert of the world, said ot
Doctor Campbell's work:
" 'It seems to me this field has great possi
bilities, and I would gladly recommend It in all
cases of malarial work.'
"Doctor Campbell is now In communication
with the Australian and Japanese Governments
and with a North India nation called Srlnagar.
The Austrian Government was about to con
tract with him for one year's work at 15,000
when the war broke out, breaking off the plans.
The Italian Government has published his pa
pers In full.
"Doctor Campbell believes firmly that his
discoveries mean the saving of countless mul
titudes of human Uvea, for there are many
Ills which are fastened upon people only after
the body Is weakened by malaria.
"Tuberculosis Is one of the most familiar ot
these. The genus of consumption quickly find
a chance to multiply in a body that is the host
of malaria germs. The mosquito Is known to
bo the? on carrier of. malaria
BEST THOUGHT IN AMERICA
(1) Hearst's Magazine "Making n Crim
inal." (2) Hnrpor's Monthly Editor's Easy
Chair.
(3) Now Republic "Prisons ns Pleasure
Resorts."
(4) Century "Mngglo Martin's Friends."
DIGEST OF THE MAGAZINES
euect on the Inmates. There Is nn ann
numb?r f suicides (a recent Investlmtlo
ported 2S in Auburn for ono year) and .
moro appalling numbor who attempt suicia
laii, or who Just bocomo madmen nnd ri
fcrred to hospitals for tho criminal Injjnt
ono week, in cells but a fow feet from ,
two men committed suicide and two mow
and failed. Thoso who succeeded liatuted t
solves. Ono ot them chose that aittht
escaping punishment In the dungeon. H,
been reported for somo petty violation c
rules nnd wns to appear before the prfi
Keeper In tho morning, for punishment V
tho night he was heard to say, "I'd soonei
ho devil thnn the P. K and then ha h
himself on tho bnts of his cell door. This
convey somo Idea of prison guards anil
administration of "discipline."
In spite of nil the nowspnper stories of
roforms, I can assert, as to Auburn P
that most of.'thls vaunted reform is a ;
It is true thnt much of tho attoclous coi
punishments, flogging, hanging up bt
thumbs, etc., hns been generally discarded
tho terrible crushing discipline that has re;
those methods is many times more derail
In Its effects. Thoso sevcro punishments
meted out only to a fow, but all Buffer ftoi
discipline.
Woman ns tho "Protected Sex"
Mndoleino Doty, a New York Prison i
mlssloner, a year ago voluntarily sen
short sentence In Auburn Prison In ord
learn conditions for himself. She writ
the Century (1), telling of somo of
women sho met, whom sho had como to '
better in her visits to tho prison slnco t
Eugenie Is 23. nnd wns sent to prison wh
As sho crept close to the bars her head set
camo to my shoulder. Sho had small,
features, nnd smnll, shy ways. Her
hair was pulled straight back. Her blue
wero expressionless. I spoko of tho llttl
born In prison. With a dart sho was a
table, taking from It her ono treasure, a
turo of nn exquisite, rndlnnt, laughing
As sho handed It to me the small face
transfigured; no longer expressionless, It
nllght with love. For the moment time,
and self wero qulto forgotten. It wa
months since sho had seen her baby. Fo
years he had been In a children's asylu
tried to get her Btory, but she spoke on
broken English. When her letter camo a
translated, this Is what I read:
"It Is already nearly four years since
locked up, nnd there is no one to hejp )
my misfortune. At the tlmo of the an
was too young nnd permitted myself to be
led, nnd I am terribly sorry, but It t
late. Thoro where I worked I met tho ma
whom I am now suffering nnd paying the
nlty. Ho promised to marry me. My fr
wero long married, but ho told me tba
promise he'd keep; but I was not to tell
one. I believed nil the tlmo that ha was t
tho truth. I hnd nearly 5100. for which I tt
so hard. He knew thnt I had the moner,
said I must give It to him and all that
owed to mo for work. He said there wa;
pocket. '
"I did not think he wns deceiving me t
shame, nnd I gavo him all the money,
I got suspicious, nnd after two years t
him. 'Why don't you marry me?" I told
I couldn't stand this kind of thing any i
When I reproached him, ho said he knw i
Ing about It. He denied all he said before
could do as ho pleased. Nobody could, '
him. Ho would mnrry anybody he choje.
said: 'America Is a free country and I o
aB I please'.'
"By these words I was so overwhelmed
grief, regret and shame that I took his
I beg you, dear madam, very much to trr
this letter nnd explain whnt the reason
when on trial I did not speak, said nothing
cause I was ashamed. Therefore, I WM
domned with my child to be Imprison! '
to 15 years " '
PRAYER j(
Prayer Is mora thnn tho mere outburst '
desires or sorrows of the soul, seeklM)
satisfaction or consolation which It doi
And within Itself. It Is the expression of y
Instinctive or reflective, obscure or cleV
crlng or steadfast, In tho oxlatence, tn I
ence, tho power nnd tho sympathy of tm
Ing to whom prayer Is addressed.
The universal and insuperable Instinct
leads man to prayer Is In harmony wi"
great fact; he who believes In Cod canno'
have recourse to Him and pray to Him. oi
CASTING THE FIRST STONE
'vFF with his head" was tho favorlto
J remedy of tho Whlto Queen In "Allco
In Wonderland." In this Hhc was not a fan
tastic person at all, but a very consistent
prototype of our own modern theory of
punishment. Nero and tho Vestal Virgins
turned their thumbs, up or down, according
to tho whim of tho moment. Gradually,
through tho centuries, men's lives have bc
como moro secure, nnd beheading prisoners
of nil degrees less popular. But the old
revengeful attitude of taking It out of tho
criminal In proportion to his offense persists
almost unshaken.
Ono great handicap In dealing with prisons
hns been their absolute detachment from the
rest of life. Under our rigid antique stand
ards of right nnd wrong, any ono who forgot
himself t,o far ns to get Into Jail auto
matically disqualified himself from reporting
on prison conditions and suggesting Im
provements when ho got out. No ono would
bellevo a jnll bird, And what coull tho rest
of us who had never beon In Jail know about
tho subject? Intelligent Interest In criminals
and offenders first attracted public nttentlon
with tho work of .ludgo Llndsey's Juvenile
Court In Denver, nnd with tho very suc
cessful experiments of somo wardens in tho
Mtddlo West who tried paroling tholr men in
largo numbers on prison furms, under llttlo
or no surveillance, and with tho most en
couraging results.
In Heurst's Mngazlno (1), A. Brlsbano
"puts it up to" our modern society very
frankly for Its responsibility In making
criminals:
Tho criminal's playground 13 part of the side
walk and all of tho gutter. Ho cannot run
freely, tho trucks would crush him. Ho must
not throw a ball or play games; the pollco would
arrest him. Ho must find his amusement in
vice or In somo form of gambling. Ho must
pick his course in life in tho filth of tho gutter.
In tho moral filth of tho low slums In which
this country hns put him.
It Is a. straight, well-managed road that leads
from tho inlseranlo tenement house bed in which
ho was born, through tho gutter nursery and
tho sidewalk playground to the club in the dive.
And the road Is straight ahead that leads him
to tho station-house, cell, aud before tho honor
able Judge, who has paid his assessment to
the blackmailing organization, nnd on to the
political boss ot the penltentlnry. Toil see the
criminal walk from tho dcathhouso toward tho
electric chair. You watch lilin with his low
forehead and his whlto face, mumbling the
prayers that aro whispered In his ears. You
wonder that ho docs not then strike a blow,
however hopeless, for liberty, or at least a blow
of vengeance at those who represent the society
responslblo for his end.
Every tlmo thnt a criminal Is hanged Boclety
admits Itself guilty of two crimes: First, the
manufacture of the criminal, and second, the
murder of tho criminal. Society permits condi
tions to make tho criminal Inevitable, and then
avenges Itself upon tho miserable victim for Its
own crime by committing official murder.
William Dean Howells, writing In last
month's Harper's (2), takes for his text tho
Incident of tho 11 men sentenced to death in
Arizonn, and tho efforts of tho Governor of
tho Stato to abolish capital punishment In
tlmo to savo them, and also ThomnB Mott
Osborne's effort to reform Sing Sing by ac
cepting tho position of warden;
What appears beyond question is the failure
of the old system of penology. The captives
of tho state are apparently made worse by the
hardships accumulated upon them, not for their
reformation, but for their suffering, The wise
old world knows, or thinks It knows, that
prisons were meant for the punishment of pris
oners, and not as the warden supposes, for their
reformation.
It knows that when a man Is sent to Sing
Sing it Is to make him sadder, but not better.
It is to subject him to a slavery under condi
tions which seem often fixed not by the law, but
by the will of his Immediate masters. It Is to
take him from his family, his wife and children
or father and mother, who trusted him, however
mistakenly, for their support. It Is to put htm
to hard labor for 5 or 10 or 20 years, not for the
behoof of these dependents of his, but for the
profit of such contractors as buy his services
from the State, and at the end. to chase him
back upon the world empty-handed, dishonored,
hopeless, helpless.
Death a3 Lesser Evil
However mistaken it may seem, for a man
to defy tho police in attempting to help on
n strike, at least it does not disqualify him
as a reporter on prison conditions, after a
year In Auburn. B. J. Legere, who was im
prisoned after the Little Falls strike, writes
of Auburn in the New Republic f3):
The mental terror of the cell Ufa Is more
subtle and difficult for one who has never ex
perienced ft to comprehend. But It Is, never
tbaleas, inteiaely real and destructiv U fe
AFTER THE WAR
We kept the peace, though East and w
Worn out. held forth a golden store,
We have endured the acid test;
Having, we have not grasped for moj r
Our sword has nqt been drawn for w
Our soldiers have not passed the ".
For us, today, to write the score)
God, keep our Judgment clear and str
The world Is prostrate at oar feet; j
No question of the ruler now. 1
Supreme the army and the fleetl
Before our. might the nations bow. j
For us the task of saying how '
Our rullnp Is Inviolate. n-hcnJ,
None to gainsay u- , W Thou?j
Oh, make our vision fair and straight.
When, crushed and mangled, troop by te
. Tie battered nations drew ,!,
When conquest jurea-weuw "- ,h'fv
Right fought with might and won ta
We did not bid the tempter stay,
We did not rob the slaves of Fate,
Vlttors without a blow, we pray,
God, make our course run true anq sn
Master, the world Is at our '' ,
Greed with power may seek .to maW. ,J
Domains allure-but honors w.J
Mako Thou our Judgment f'fJ.ff.tiS