B
1 tiuiftg 5gik flfr&tpr
PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
cinva ii. K rritTia. fsmidcst.
CfijHwH I.wlInlon.Vlc-rrKldnt i John C. Martin.
?r.TrtLr W TrM'ufers rhlllp 8. Collins, John II.
wllllnn, Uln?etnm,
ed iTont a r do Aim-
CUBS II. K. CcrtIs, Chairman.
I. It, WIfALKY Bifcutlve Editor
.tri nfl! i i 11 .
JOHN C. MAIITIN General nulne Manager
'i i i , . , i i
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S.ITlUlO AT THE rillLADCLritlA roSTOKrtCR IK SECOND'
CtASl MAtt. JIATTFU.
I'HILAUELPtlU, iniDAY, APIIII. ". l'JIS.
Bo tnanv men rise from poverty to riches that
the tcondcr is that any one should be
ashamed to be bom poor.
Shadow of Comirtfj Events'
REPORTS coming from Uuropo Indlcnto
that a great ci IsIs Is apprnnc' Ing In the
vnr. Tho responsible authorities must do
cltlo whether to make pence or consent to u
continuance of tlio wholesale slaughter ot
the brawn and muscle of tho continent
needed to rcstoro the structure ot Industry
that eight months of fighting has wrecked.
There Is tho persistent rumor that Austria In
about to make peace on Its own account, re
gardless of Germany's wishes. The prcssuro
of the French on tho "West and of tho Rus
sians' on tho East Is so lntenso thnt Germany
has no men to send to tho relief of Austria.
Tho Russian forces, awnro of this, tiro press
ing through tho Carpathians, preparatory to
tho Invasion of the great plnln of Hungary.
Tho conditions confronting Austria tiro suet,
that the report that she Is seeking peaco
would create Itself out of tho signs of the
times, without tho assistance of any sugges
tion from Vienna.
Likewise the activity of the French about
Verdun is preliminary to tho beginning of u
great spring campaign for which prepara
tions havo been making during the winter, a
campaign intended to push the Germans
back Into Germany nnd to gain every pos
sible strategic advantage beforo peace nego
tiations start. And the Irresponsible gossip
nbout tho planned German Invasion of Hol
land springs from tho speculation ot what
Germany would bo likely to do beforo sho
consented to discuss any plan to lay down
her arms. Tho peaco thought is evidently
filling the mind of Europe Tho fighters are
weary of war, however bold a front they may
bo presenting to tho enemy.
Germany Consents to Pay the Piper
GERMANY, which Is setting her own tuno
on the high seas, is showing a com
mendable willingness to pay tho piper. Sho
Insists that sho violated no rule of interna
tional law when tho Eltol Frlcdrlch sank tho
! Erybut-sho consents to pay the United
States claim for the loss of the ship after
the amount has been properly adjudicated
by a prize court.
The vital point Is the payment of tho
claim. It is- the only practical question nt
issue. Whether tho obligation arises from
disregard of a rule of International law or
grows out of an old treaty with' this country
Is of little moment In comparison with
compensation.
Quintessence of Optimism
PRESIDENT HOWARD ELLIOTT, of tho
New Haven Railroad, has told tho Nor
wich, Conn., Chamber of Commerce that
thero should be a Secretary of Transporta
tion In tho Cabinet. "Such a man," said he,
"would of necessity havo to champion some
what the rights nnd privileges of tho trans
portation business."
But would he? Does any politician of In
fluence in tho country today dare champion
the rights of the railroads? Have the rail
roads' any rights that tho Interstate Com
merce Commission, or Louis Brandels, or
any one else. Is bound to respect? Havo they
not looted tho rich opd oppressed tho poor
and aro they not outlaws to bo driven from
the society of decent enterprises?
Of course, there ought to bo somo govern
mental body which will stand between the
men who are attempting to savo tho great
railroad corporations from bankruptcy and
the men In 48 States who are doing their ut
most to drive them Into bankruptcy. But
what statesman with hopo for a political
ftituro dare defend tho railroads? Mr. Elliott
Is optimistic, Indeed, if he thinks that any
champion is to arise In Washington.
Fifty Years After Appomattox
TIME has healed all tho wounds and there
Is no scar left to show where they wero.
Thero Is no North nnd no South, no East and
no West, but ono great nation, loyal to tho
principles of freedom which wero formulated
by Thomas Jefferson, here In Philadelphia, In
1775. This Is what 50 years have done, when
aided by the spirit of a free people conscious
of their common Interests,
Grant at Appomattox started the healing
process when he treated tho conquered
armies of the South as friends and allowed
the soldiers to tako their horses back to their
homes to bo used In cultivating tho fields,
and permitted the officers to retain their side
arras and their self-respect. Ho was not
dealing with o.nemles, but with follow citi
zens of tho same country, with whom thero
haiT been ft difference of opinion. When the
argument waa concluded ho extended his
hand in friendship.
And the events havo, proved the soundness
4 his views and Justified his confidence. Men
sefeo -once fought against the Union have
iftc.A Brye4 (t most faithfully In Congress, in
the ejipiomauc service ana in tho Cabinet.
, JMvvhen the Spanish war broke out they
sftrved. It Jn the army. General Wheeler ex
pitumed the universal sentiment of his South
ro friends when, aa he donned tho bluo unN
form to go to Cuba, he said that It seemed
lik getting back, home again after a long
absence.
The last trace, of bitterness disappeared
wrttD tho South embraced the opportunity
riferS fey the Spanish war to demonstrate
ite toy ait y to the Hag. And when a Virginian
wsi elected to the Presidency In 191?. for the
rt tlipo sjiiiee Zaohary TayJpr held that
u!n.,fh bond of union waa sealed with the
sctm of nsUssa) brotherhood,
b Iwn v aW rnnbr thst we aro
utat :;iiM lyr SwUntf-Rsrs, but
EVENING
Americans', there will bo no danger of geo
graphical disunion; nnd so long ns wo re
member that wo aro neither rich nor poor,
cihlcatocl nor Illiterate, but fellow citizens
with coital rights beforo the law, thero will
bo no danger of social disunion.
This Is nn Indissoluble union ot equal, sov
ereign States, Inhabited by sovereign citizens
uniformly endowed with tho right to life, lib
erty nnd tho pursuit of happiness. Ap
pomattox established these great democratic
propositions.
A Republican President In 1917
THE Republican candidate In Chicago
fought his fight on national Usues. The
Democratic candidate carried the Indorse
ment of tlio Administration, nnd a voto for
him was said to bo a vote for Wilson. Con
fused local Issues and clivers factions con
tributed to tho genornl result, but tho un
precedented victory of the Republican could
not havo been achieved had not citizens seen
In his candidacy a chnnco to record their
condemnation of tho Administration.
Tho nation Is hungry for Republicanism.
It has a deep longing for a return to practi
cal government, for tho ousting of theorists
and Utopians. It wants piosperlty of tho
sort It experienced ten years ngo, and If It Is
convinced Hint legislation cannot produce
prosperity It certainly knows from experi
ence that legislation can prevent It. The
country Is tired of experimentation, weary
of Impractical schemes, nnd It wants onco
moro to put into control a party, which,
whatever Itn fntilts, has been conspicuously
the party of olllrlency.
Nothing but tho Republican party can de
feat tho Republican party next year. Tho
Democracy has hamstrung Itself, yet withal
the President has a great personal following,
nnd thero can bo no doubt whatever that his
sincerity of purpose and his passion for high
character in tho public service havo power
fully Impressed tho country. It will never
again bo content with tho rule of bosses and
political traders. It will not put up with
Ponrosolsm or Bnrncsism, or nnyothcr stnnd-
patlsm that Is out of sympathy with na
tional aspirations and countenances no evo
lution cither In mothod or practice. Lcador
nhlp of tho selfish typo can kill Republican
chances beyond hopo of recovery, oven
though Mr. Roosevelt recovers his lost nllo
giance, as It Is apparent ho Intends to do on
tho best terms possible. Ho will bo fighting
for delegates to the Republican convention,
nnd ho will got enough of them to exorclso
great Influence on that body, not for a can
didacy of his own, wo surmise, but In behalf
of ono of his lieutenants.
The real bnttlo for tho next President,
therefore, will not bo fought nt tho polls In
November, but In tho primaries In which
delegates to tho Republican convention arc
selected. Tho paramount duty of good Re
publicans .will bo to send to It broad-minded
men. progressive In their Ideals, men who
will think for themselves and refuse to bo
pawns In tho hands of Penrose, or Barnes, or
any other boss. A convention so dominated,
building a platform nbout tho principle of
protection, Indorsing nn ndequato army and
navy and speaking boldly for a firm foreign
policy, would name a candidate virtually
certain to win nnd tho woods aro full of
good Republicans on whom both factions
could unite and who measure fully up to tho
requirements of tho ofHco of President.
To tho selecting primaries, then, tho rank
nnd file must turn and determine In them
to win tho November election. Tho house
must bo put in order In tho spring nnd dis
credited control wiped out; In which enso
thero will bo little doubt of a tidal wavo that
will sweep the Grand Old Party back Into
power.
$10,000,000 Worth of Confidence
WJ
HEN a business man backs his con
fidence with money It rests upon a safo
foundation. And when tho men engaged In
tho steel business In two American com
munities plan to spend J40.000.000 In enlarg
ing their plants, thoso engaged in other
business enterprises have no longer any
excuso for timidity. Tho future Is full of
promise for most Industries, because when
the steel business booms all other enter
prises boom with It.
Mr. Schwab's announcement at Bethlehem
that It would bo necessary to spend about
J3O.000.000 In extending tho plant and In de
veloping Its mines In Chill, and that tho
money would bo taken from tho earnings of
tho company, discloses the kind of optimism
thnt makes business. Tho company has
been fortunate In getting a largo number of
war orders to occupy Its mills, and Mr.
Schwab is confident that whon these orders
are filled the revival of business will pro
duce demands for other formB of steel suffi
cient to Justify the company in preparing
to meet them.
But Mr. Schwab Is not tho only Bteel
optimist, for tho shareholders ot the
Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company havo
authorized an Issue of $5,000,000 worth of
new stock to provide for extension ot
their plant. The Republic Iron and Steel
Company has let It bo known that It la
about to spend $3,000,000 for enlargements,
and $2,000,000 Is to be spent by tho Youngs
town Iron and Steel Company for a similar
purpose. Our national prosperity rests on a
foundation of steel, and theso new an
nouncements merely show that It has be
come necessary to broaden the foundations
to support the growing superstructure.
There are so many new fashions to be seen
that the Mayor of Atlantic City says ono
Sunday Is not enough for the purpose.
The friends ot Bryn Mawr College are
doubtless aware that M. Carey Thomas,
baoked by several million dollars In her own
name. Is a more powerful Individual than M.
Carey Thomas wjthout the millions.
Modrn philanthropy as Illustrated in
tenement houses, which the Organization
wishes to preserve, made the Swarthxnore
students gasp when they Inspected them
under the guidance of their Instructors.
' i
The commander of the Eltel Frledrlch
hopes that his friends will believe that he
has as much courage as tho bull which
charged an approaching locomotive, but that
ho has shown better judgment than t the
bovine btsJUjiereft
T,wnftffltt-1mT,AT)iqT.iPH:rA'. FRIDAY, 'AERIE 0, 1016:
THE COMING OF
PEACE IN 1865
Today Is the Fiftieth Anniversary
of Appomattox Philadelphia's
Jubilation How General Lee
Faced a Great Crisis.
By ROBERT II1LDRETH
FIFTY yenrn ngo this day a great civil
wnr ended ns nono ever hnd beforo.
Whatever vlndlctlvcncns niny have sur
vived was submerged In the more general
sentiment so simply expressed by Gen
eral Grant, "Let us have peace." "Re
union" was tho golden word which, de
spite tho pctty'polltlcs that sought to mini
mlzo even Appomattox, stood out In tho
press comment on the surrender of Robert
K Loo on Sunday, April !. Tho Punuc
LEDOEn, In an editorial In which Leo was
called "tho greatest soldier produced by tho
rebellion," nnd In which "tho blessed return
of peace and a united country" was hailed
with nntural Joy, printed tho "United" in
"UNITED States" In capital letters. A news
Item In tho samo Issuo (Monday, April 10)
sold, "The Lnntir.n lighted up Its 3G stars,
which blazed with unusual brightness."
Joy in Philadelphia
Tho nows of tho surrender was received In
Philadelphia nbout 9 o'clock Httntliiy evening,
and flashed through tho city like wildfire. An
tho Punuc Lnimnii's account ot Monday
said: "Night was turned Into day. Men,
women and children camo upon tho side
walks and took part In tlio grand demon
stration. Every street was thronged with
pcoplo on tho way to Chestnut street, nnd
Chestnut street Itself never contained n
grenter crowd of pedestrians than It did last
evening. Between 5th and 6th, Chestnut was
crowded with firemen and citizens nnd tho
nolso made by them was deafening. By mid
night tho roar of cannon was added to tho
other demonstrations of Joy, and It seemed
as though every Individual In Philadelphia
felt called upon to ndd his voice to tho gen
eral rojolclng. Generals Grant nnd Mcado
were remembered everywhere, and tho men
tion of their names was sufficient to bring
forth cheer after cheer. Bonfires were lighted
In various pnrts of the city, nnd long after
midnight thero was no npprnmnco of a
diminution In tho vigor of tho demonstra
tion, the like of which will never again bo
witnessed In this country."
The Jubilation continued through tho week
until Saturday, when the news camo of tho
assassination of President Lincoln, nnd tho
streets onco moro were thronged with citi
zens, whose Joy had turned to sorrow.
Tho dramatic scene of Sunday nttcrnoon
in tho sitting room of the McLean house In
Appomattox village has boon many times de
scribed with frame disagreement of versions.
The familiar "apple tree" myth may still de
serve a brief explanation. Tho conference
between Grant nnd Leo did not tnko place In
nn apple orchard. It was under nn npplo
tree by the roadside, however, thnt Colonel
Bnbcock, bringing Grant's note In reply to
Leo's request for an interview, found tho
Confederate commander
In the McLean sitting room Lee and Grant
stood In striking contrast. Grant, who hnd
been for days nway from his baggngo train,
and hnd not nn opportunity of changing his
shabby fatigue uniform for moro suitable at
tire, looked unkempt nnd haggard after his
night of severe headache. But this was tho
man whose magnnnimlty, ns revealed on that
occasion, oven though he exceeded his au
thority, Is one of his rhlefest titles to tho
world's esteem.
Tho Treaty of Pence
It was a simple, scantily furnished room
where these two met. A cordlnl handclasp,
and In a moment they wero chatting about
old times when they hnd served together
though widely separated by ngc and rank
In the Mexican War. This talk ran on until
Grnnt was qulto oblivious to all else and had
to bo reminded by Leo of tho circumstances
of tho present momont and of tho purposo for
which they had mot. Down to this tlmo
Grant had given no thought to any terms or
phrases, nnd when Leo asked him what
terms ho had to propose ho almost slammor
Ingly replied that ho had nothing to suggest
except that Leo's men should lay down their
arms and not tako them up again. To this
Lee n?entod, and then they ngaln rambled
off In'..' talk of old times, until onco moro
Leo called a halt with tho suggestion thnt
thoso terms, simple as they were, had better
bo put Into writing.
The main details of tho surrender wero
talked over, and Grnnt, according to the ac
count of Dr. George Haven Putnam, looked
nbout the group In tho room, his eyo falling
"upon General John Morgan, a brlgado com
mander who hnd during the past few months
served on Grant's staff.
" 'General Morgan, I will ask you,' said
Grant, 'as tho only real American In tho
room, to draft this paper.'
"Morgan was a full-blooded Indian, belong
ing to ono of tho Iroquois tribes of Now
York."
Tho Crisis of tho End
Before April 9 the end had been foreseen.
Tho manner In which Leo accepted tho In-
DAVID HAS JOINED ACHILLES
DAVID Is dead, 'not the Immortal child who
lives In the pages of Barrle's "Little White
Bird," but this child grown to be a man nnd a
soldier. He was a lieutenant In the British
Rifle Brigade nnd was killed In action In
Flanders. His real name was George Llewellyn
Davis, nnd he was tho adopted son of the
novelist. The passing of tho man will bring
prlef to the hearts of the thousands that loved
the boy who will never die They will hope that
he retained to the end that fine faith which
characterized hU childhood, a faith so fine, as
Barrio wrote, that It made him think his mother
so good that "she will be able to get him Into
heaven, however naughty he Is," and so vital
that "he had his first fight with another young
Christian, who challenged him to Jump and
then prayed for victory, which David thought
was taking an unfair advantage." H may be
that his early admiration for Achilles, ot whom
he was "so enamored that he wants to die to
meet him." led him to enter on a military
career. Now, alas, his desire has been granted,
and it may be that the prophecy of Uarrla is
fulfilled that David would take Achillea by the
hand, call him father and drag him away to
some Round Pond In the Kensington Gardens
of Elysium.
This boy assisted In the creation ot Peter
Pan, the child that never grew up, and. It
may be, was really the original of that wonder
ful creature ot a fantastic fancy, for, says
Barrle. "when you release David's hand ho is
Immediately lost like an arrow from a bow.
No sooner do you cast eyes on him than you
are thinking of birds. It Is difficult to bellevo
that he walks to the Kensington Gardens; he
always seems to hav? alighted there, and wera
I to scatter crumbs I opine he would come and
pick."
One Is Inclined to the belief that Barrle does
not tell all when be says that in the "story
of TeUr Pan." the bald narrative and most of
the moral reflections are mine, though not all,
for this boy can m a str woral&i. but Uw
h
T " HIS BUSINESS IS PICKING UP V
cvllablo showed Ills greatness nnd his states
manship. A testimonial to the noblo com
mander's spirit In facing what was a very
real crisis In our country's history comes
from E. P. Alexander, brigadier general, C.
S. A., and Longstrcet's chief of artillery. Ho
It was who, In tho tlmo when Leo was wait
ing for Grant's answer, and the Confederates
wero anxiously speculating upon what the
terms would be, made tho proposal for tho
dispersal of tho Army of Northern Virginia.
Alexander believed thnt no terms could be
hnd which would savo them from trials for
treason and confiscations. Ho urged his plan
on Leo ns they sat by tho roadside. Alex
ander writes. In his ".Military Memoirs of a
Confederate":
"Ho heni-d It nil so quietly, and It was all
so tine. It seemed to me, nnd so undeniable,
that I felt sure that I had him convinced.
Ills first words were:
" 'If I should take your advice, how many
men do you suppose would got nway?"
" 'Two-thirds of us,' I answered. 'Wo
would bo llko rabbits and partridges In tho
bushes, and they could not scatter to fol
low us.'
"Ho said: 'I havo not over 15,000 muskets
left: Two-thirds of them divided among the
States, oven if all could bo collected, would
bo too small a force to accomplish anything.
All could not be collected. Their homes havo
been overrun, nnd many would go to look
after their families.
" 'Then, General, you and I as Christian
men havo no right to consider only how
this would affect us. We must consider its
effect on tho country ns ti whole. Already It
Ih demoralized by the four years of war. If
I took your advice the men would be with
out rations and under no control of officers.
They would bo compelled to rob and steal
In order to live. They would becomo mero
bands of marauders, and tho enemy's cavalry
would pursue them and overrun many wldo
sections they may never havo occasion to
visit. Wo would bring a stnto of affairs It
would take tho country years to recover
from.'
"He paused for only a moment nnd then
went on.
" 'But I can toll you ono thing for your
comfort. Grant will not demand nn un
conditional surrender. Ho will glvo us ns
good terms as this army has tho right to de
mand, and I nm going to meet him In tho
rear at 10 n. m. and surrender tho nrmy on
tho condition of not fighting again until ex
changed.' "I had not a slnglo word to say In reply.
Ho had answered my suggestion from a
piano so far abovo It that I was ashamed
to have mado it."
ULYSSES S. GRANT
Tho claims of Grnnt to permanent fnmo will
Ho first In tho fart that he commanded the larg
est nrmles tho civilized world ever saw; sec
ondly, that with these armies ho saved tho
Integrity of the American nation; thirdly, that
he did nil this by measures of his own Initiat
ing, rarely cnlllng a council of war and com
monly differing from It when called; fourthly,
that ho did all this for duty, not glory, and In
tho spirit of a citizen, not tho military spirit,
persisting to the last that ho was. ns he told
nismarck, more of a farmer than a soldier;
then again, that when tested by the severest
personal griefs nnd losses In tho decline of life,
he showed the same strong qualities still; and
finally, that In writing his own memoirs he wns
simple ns regards himself, candid towards op
ponents, and thus bequeathed to the world a
book better worth reading than any military
autobiography since Caesar's Commentaries
Thomas Wentworth HlgglnBon.
Interesting bits about the ways and customs of
babies In the bird stage are usually reminiscences
of David's, recalled by pressing his hands to
his temples and thinking hard."
And so when we read that David Is dead
we cannot believe that It Is tho boy of the
book. He cannot die. The man was somo other
crea.ture grown up In a mysterious way, leav
ing his childhood Intact and vital behind him.
The ever-living David does a thousand and ono
things that every parent recognizes ns the
acts of his own child. Yet ns one thinks of
the man who lies dead on the field of Flanders
one cannot help thinking also of the little boy
who lay for the night in a strange place and
woke with a wall. When told that he was
not frightened, he answered, as his biographer
says;
'""Am I not?' And I knew his hand was
groping in the darkness, so I put out mine and
he held on tightly to one finger.
" 'I am not frightened now,' he whispered.
" 'And there is nothing else you want?'
'"Is there not?' he again asked politely,
Are you sure there's not?' he added.
" What can It be, DavldT"
" 'I don't take up very much room,' the far
away voice said.
'Why, David,' said I, sitting up, 'do you
want to come Into my bed?'
''Mother said I wasn't to want It unless
you wanted it first? he squeaked.
" It Is what I have been wanting all the
time,' said I, and then, without more ado, the
little white figure rose and flung itself at me.
For the rest of the night he lay on me and
across me, and sometimes his feet were at the
bottom of the bed, and sometimes on the pil
low, but he always retained possession of my
fingers "
He went back to his mother In the morning,
but thero is no awaking from the sleep that
has now overtaken him, and tho man must lie
forever In Flanders, his spirit roaming the
skies with AcUUlss, while hl4 Immortal child
hood wake glad tba hearts of all Who meet It
BEST THOUGHT IN AMERICA
DIGEST OP THE MAGAZINES
(1) Century "Unemployment."
(1!) American "The Golden Rule In Busl-
news Hours."
(3) New Republic "Tho Campaign
Against Sweating."
(I) World's Work "For a Square Deal."
(5) Leslie's "The Plain Truth."
ABOUT MAKING LAWS
ABOLISHING all vodka drinking In. nn
. empiro of 150,000,000 men and women by
tho stroko of ono man's pen sounds no dra
matic and sensational that It suggests a
"movio" plot rather than real life. But an
all tho world knows, it is life, and it Illus
trates tho high speed efficiency of an autoc
racy as compared with our blundering young
democracy, where wo shall plungo about for
generations to come, through miles of tracts,
and cubic gallons of oratory and yards of
"whlto ribbons," trying to dry up tho liquor
business of tho United States.
Discussion of our industrial situation Is
especially rlfo this spring, partly, no doubt,
becauso of hard times, and partly, porhaps,
bocnuso the sombro shndow of tho war has
turned many of us to Introspection, both
personal and national. Tho magazines aro
dovotlng a noteworthy amount of spaco to
articles analyzing tho Industrial situation
nnd suggesting remedies or condemning an
excess of effort In this direction. It Is very
significant that a study of all tho leading
magazines and weeklies, excluslvo of tho
all-fiction periodicals, shows that tho num
ber which consistently present conservative
nnd reactionary policies Is Insignificant, not
moro than five in a list of 50, with per
haps another five wobbling on tho fence.
Ot course, nearly all of them try to give a
hearing to both sides and print articles from
tlmo to tlmo from opposlto points of view.
But tho tono of tho majority of magazines
Is strongly progressive, and In many cases
even radical.
A study of "Unemployment" (1) by Fred
eric C. Howo, In tho Century, Is backed up
by descriptions of tho way tho situation is
mot In European countries. Ho draws an
especially attractive plcturo of German
methods.
Labor organizations are voicing a demand
for work rather than for charity. Is it true
that a man has a "right" to work, or a
"right" to public maintenance if work Is not
provided? As long ago as 1884, Bismarck
proclaimed that man has a "right to work,"
which was only another form of expressing
tho right to live. Ho said: "Yos, I acknowl
edge unconditionally tho right to work and
I will stand up for it as long as I am In this
place. Tho healthy workman desirous of
work Is entitled to say to tho State, 'Give mo
work.' "
Tho labor exchango of Berlin, tho largest
In tho ompiro, occupies a handsome four
story building. Thero aro public baths in
tho basement, a medical dispensary whero
tho men aro Inspected by physicians detailed
for tho purposo. Food Is supplied at low
coat, while cobblers and tailors repair tho
clothes and tho shoes of the waiting work
men for nn Insignificant charge. In the main
hall, which accommodates from 1200 to
1500 persons, men sit at case, with a
glass of beer beforo them, or play at games
of checkers, domlnos or cards. Tho whole
Institution suggests a workingman's club.
And tho surprising thing about tho men In
these exchanges Is their cleanliness, dignity
and freedom from that haunting fear com
mon among tha workless men upon tho
streets ot America. Everything possible Is
done to maintain the worker In a condition
of efficiency and to protect his self-respect
from Impairment.
Many cities supplement these agencies by
providing distress or emergency work during
the winter months or in tlmo of depression.
Ptibllo Improvements nro projected, streets
are built, otc. Of even greater servlco aro
tho laws for social Insurance, through which
tho worker Is protected from sickness, In
validity, accident and old age. Old ago In
surance Is also provided. Tho benefits from
theso funds are paid without litigation. They
aro looked upon as a matter ot right rather
than ot charity.
Eight Hours a Day
Efforts to work out a satisfactory adjust
ment ot our industrial situation havo been
described In a series ot articles In the Amer
ican Magazine by Ida Tarbell on "The
Golden Rulo in Business" (3), This month
she takes up the question of hours and the
possibility ot standardizing the length of
tho working day:
It. has taken years of observation and ex
periment to establish with anything llko
scientific: accuracy the baneful effects on the
laborer and his product of tha too long day.
This has been done finally with a complete
ness which even the courts are recognizing.
An eight-hour day In a well-managed shop
yields as large a quantity of work as a 10
hour day and cuts out almost entirely certain
Irritations and Interruptions which have al
ways characterized the longer work period.
As for labor, it has become an axiom that
"shortening tho day increases tha pay.'
Many a manufacturer will tell you that
shortening the day increases tho profits. Take
the experience of the granite cutters; their
first cdt was from 12 to 10 hours and their
output was not reduced. In 1J90 tho 10 hours
was reduced to nine and again, tha output
was not reduced. In 1900 the granite, cut
ters secuAid an eight-hour day for the en
tiro trade. As for tho employers, I
know of ono who has been long in tho gran t
lte business who has been so Impressed with
tho benefits of an eight-hour dav that h"
has been cxncrlnientlng with seven hmm
Eight Dollars a Week
"Moro than half the people employed Jnl
me lactones and stores investigated in New
lork city got less than $S a week." This li
tho statement of Dr. Howard Woolston, di
rector of Investigation for tho New York
Stato Factory Commission, and tho text oi
an article1 bv Walter Ltnnmnnn In Mm Vm
Republic (3): -
Every ono knows what to think of a get-'
rich-quick concern which asks people to sub- v3
scribo to its capital stock and then uses the V
money Invested to pay profits. We call it
a fraud. When a mercantile establishment k
pays Its labor less than labor can live on, J
It is showing a profit It has not honorably 'J
earned, It Is paying a dividend out of its vital I
assets, that is, out of tho lives, the health a
and tho happiness of Its employes. A busl-
ness that exists on labor paid less than & 4
living wage is not a business nt all, for It Is
not paying its fixed churges. They are being
paid either by tho family of tho woman
worker, or by her friends, or by private ,
cnaruics, or oy tne girl lierselt in slow star
vation. Lot us assume that the minimum wage act
is passed in Now York. The commission is 1
created and establishes wage boards. These
boards, after Investigating tho cost of living S
nnd tho existing wage scales, order a gen- 2
oral ralso of wages from a median of ii to 3
$8. It Is estimated that to ralso tho wages a
of 2000 young women In New York candy 3
lactones trom ?c.7ri to $s, confectioners, in i
order to cover the cost, would havo to charge
AU I.CIIIO 1IIUIU JIL'l UllllMM'U IUUIHia Ul UttllUt
Tho profits In department stores nvcrago over ;
fi tier cent, nn n. vp.nr's htiKlnnsn. Tint ai '
tho stock is turned live or six times annually,' J
tno yiolcl on tho Investment Is 25 to 30 per.!
oent. By raising tho wages of girls under
18 to $fi nnd of women over 18 to $0, the
cost might bo increased 1 V. nor cent. If'
this wero taken from tho profits instead of -Si
hplnir nrlilpfl In tlio nrirf If vr.nlil rorlllPA flin .
return to about 19 per cent. If wo had.not
witnessed wholo nations glowering at each
other all winter from holes In tho mud, It
would bo hard to believe that America, with
all Its riches, could still be prlmltlvo enough J
to grunt and protest nt a living wage a llv- ;,
ing wage, mind you; not a wago so Its women -.
can llvo well, not enough to mnko life a rich
and welcomo experience, but Just enough to 1
securo oxlstenco amid drudgery In gray j
boarding houses and cheap restaurants. '
World'3 Work gives editorial indorsement 1
to a protest from tho railroads against the j
full-crow law, a measuro recently passed
with tho backing of tho labor unions (4): .1
Tho Pennsylvania, tho Philadelphia and!
Reading and tho Baltimore and Ohio have :
Issued a Joint appeal to tho public, asking:
thorn to repeal tho full-crow laws, whlchy
compel tho uso of uneccssary men In certain J
Instances, whero tho addition of theso men;
not only falls to Incrcaso tho safety of travel, :
but actually demoralizes tho servlco. The ap :
peal states: s
"This campaign of public enlightenment i
will bo wuged by tho railroads in a manner
that cannot possibly bo legitimately assailed.
Thero will bo no lobbying, no star chamberj
conferences or prlvnto deals to Influence pub-.
Ho opinion or lcglslatlvo action. The cam
paign will be fought in tho open, purely on.
Its merits. Definitely nnd finally to glvo pub
lic notice that tho railroads ask only a square I
4 2al all around In this matter, tho presidents j
of theso roads announced on February 9 that j
tlio railroads Intended to work for repeal of,i
tho full-crew laws. "
This Is a matter of public morals nnd fair,
dealing. It Is a public opportunity to meet'
tho roads half way. Unless somo ono show
that their appeal Is less sound than It seems.
tho full-crow laws should bo repealed. Nor Jj;
Btiouiu mere do any Hesitancy oecause t"'
may bo other matters in which the railroads
nro still at fault, '
Lcsllo's Weekly voices another proteslw
against too many laws, In this case, the pur
food legislation (C):
Fnrlsi! Wn llvo In nn n nf fails. Tb
gulliblo public Is made tlio tool of a lot of J
tricky schemers who make a living out .
human eredulltv. But llin worm will tUmo
The city of Baltimore has. just refused to,j
nass nn ordinance nnmnelllni? ilc.ilers in per-l
Ishablo foodstuffs to indicate upon them thMj
uiu otiim niojr wuiu juuuwu 111 i;um n i?"M
ana wnen lanen out. Tho common count"
of Baltimore believes that "the publlo Is tired,
of theso perpetual efforts to protect every,
ooay irom everything" and It Is.
LIKE A SUNBEAM
As there comes a warm sunbeam Into V'fA
voltage window, so comes a love-beam of 0,IHH
care and pity for eyery separate net-M
nauianici xiawinorne.
SLEEP
To "(ha child In us that tremble before datlh.'
Ptto
Say, hast thou never been compelled to U '3
iukciui iii mgnvs impeneiraDie uccy, i
Counting the laggard moments that so ctttK
iitluctant onward; till, with voiceless cry
Enduring, thou hadst willing been to fly
From llfA ItfiAtf nnrl in nhllvlnn lAn
Thy tortured senses? To such lonjed-fofl
eleep
Death Is a way; and dost thou fear to dl?
Nay. wera It this, iuit Mil nnrl nnucht besldi
Merely the calm that we have anguished "'
ne wayrarer migni still tie glad to moo
From grief and suffering!-but how P
Is death life's servitor and frlendths guM
Ml & ..1 . -. . t..rI a
luat Bauciy luries us iron muro iu -"--
noreflM saris Coatea. la tb X-ooaon Ainnu"'