8
EVENING LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA. TTTTCRDAY. MABOH 23, 1915.
3u entttg
Mefoger
PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
crnus tr. k. crims, raEsmtxr.
Chatles Jr. tuillnelon. Vice President i John C. Martin,
Sectetarr null Treasurer) Philip S Collins, John n.
TVllllamt, Director.
EDlTOnt.U, llOAtlD:
Ctncs It. K. Cimrs, Clialrmin.
: .L2lffAT'Br"" Executive IMItor
3QUU C, MARTIN OcneralTlueinPM Mnnasc"r
t'ubllilied dally nt rcnj.ro t.rnarn nulUlnj
Independence Square, I'tiKaiiolphta
I,M?5,'E1iItVt !r(""' ."" Chcmut Plrcctn
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NEWS BUnCAUSi
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PJSlB BUltClU.
.32 Iluo Louis Its urnml
Tho result was not wholly satisfactory and
wo have not repeated tho experiment since,
although tho Democrats, with their usual
stupidly blundering Imitation of tho Re
publican mistakes, did nominate General
Hancock for that olllcc. General Goethals Is
a man of sound sense and he doubtless
takes tho complimentary mention of him ni
Its truo worth.
The Test of the Kcvirnl
pKFilQlON Is a living, breathing, throb
' blng thing. It 1ms led martyrs happily
to tho stake and under Us Road of love others
THE TURNING POINT
IN TERRE HAUTE
How the Evidence of Criminal Con
spiracy in the Lnst Election Was
Secured Seemingly Trifling Inci
dents Made Prosecution Possible,
By IRWIN L. GORDON
VIII.
EXACTLY how tho Government first be
(attic Interested In tlio Term llniilo casn
havo penrtrated Ittlo the far frontiers of the j has not come to light. A surprisingly short
world, building new cities, new nations and j """' however, after Judge A. B. Anderson
U'ln l ....... .....i., ,,.- .... u-iti, 1
converting barbarism Into civilization.
sfnscmrTio.s- mints
I-1 rwfSlr m'i'W I' "" "!,c,', fowlpti nBO
BELL, 3009 WALNUT
KEYSTONE, MAIN JOM
OT Addrcsi all commvnlcaHoM to Vl'Cnfrijj ""
Ltdger. Independcner Conor, Fh:iadetihla.
E.vritnto at Ttiu rmunu.riiu i-oTunictt as secoN
(U Mill. 'UTTnil.
Tho revival In this city has been unprece
dented III most of Its manifestations. In It
men from rill walks of life have participated.
Spiritual aspiration has become a toplo of
ordinary conversation. Vices, as wo know
them, lmVo been shot nl and riddled and ex
posed, not by the evangelist only, but by
who Is now trying tho case, was petitioned
by tho women of Terre Haute, and after sev
eral of tho prominent citizens visited tho
.Hulgo and District Attorney, Frank A.
Dnlloy, nt Indianapolis, things began to
movo.
Tho first great question to be settled was:
Has I ho United States Government any right
to Interfere In nn election? It was pointed
out to tho olllclals that no redress whatever
scores of citizens who formerly were not ' could bo obtained in the State courts they
riiiLvDr.LPiiM, 'iui.su r. mahcii s.i, i9ir,
Retribution does not own a tiO'horsoiwtcer
automobile, hut he nets theie
Just the same.
The Victory for the Allies in Gnlicia
THE capture of tho fortress of I'raemsyl
by tho Russians is the most important
feat of tho Allies since the German ndvanco
to Paris was turned early In the war. Tho
Russians now practically dotntmito Gallcla,
and tho left wing of their struggling nrmles
can advance, protected by tho Carpathians,
while tho right wing rests r n tho Hnltlc Sea.
So long as Przomsyl was held by the Aus
trlans tho Russians were tied to tho Gallclan
plains. The army which has been besieging
this stronghold will soon be nblo to advance
Into western Gallcla and attack tho small
Austrian forco there on Its way to the Prus
sian frontier.
The siege of the city, which has lasted
nearly ilvo months, would have attracted
wide attention If It had not been for tho
multitude of other remarkable and unprece
dented operations In tho vast Held of opera
tions on the east and west. But when the
history of tho war Is finally written wo shall
learn of tho heroic struggles of the be
leaguered garrison and the besieging Rus
sians. But tho Russian victory Is Interesting
' now, not because of the length of the siege,
but because it comes at a time when tho
spring campaign is about to begin, and be
cause It must hearten the Allies by its dem
'onstratlon of the ability of tho Russian
troops to hang on until they win.
Publicity Did Not Make "Billy" Sunday
Tt Is tho newspapers that have tnndo
"Billy" Sunday, as they have given him so
much publicity. Tho Rev. Samuel A. Eliot,
r. D., president of the American Unitarian
Association.
ALL of tho latter part of Doctor Eliot's
. statement is true, but only 50 per cent, of
tho first part of it is correct. Tho newspapers
have given "Billy" Sunday all the publicity
that he deserved, because he has been tho
most Interesting newsmaker In Philadelphia
this winter. There Is no doubt that many
persons attended the tabernacle meetings be-
causo tney read about them In tho papers.
But If tho evangelist had not had something
to give to tho people after they got to tho
tabernacle they would not havo gone thcro
at the rate of 40,000 a day for 11 weeks. Tho
newspapers are powerful, but they cannot
make something out of nothing. If n man
has anything to orter that tho people wnnt.
or can bn Interested in, the newspapers, by a
campaign of publicity, can (-end people to his
tabernacle, his church, his storo or his fac
tory. The Englishmen who have been crediting
tho British newspapers with the success of
tho recruiting movement havo overrated the
power of the press, just as it has been over
rated by Doctor i:iot. Tho newspapers havo
given publicity to the need of tho British
Empire in this world crisis, that is all. They
might call on tho Britisher to enlist until
they filled nil the space in their columns with
appeals, but If tho causo tor which ho was
to ngnt were not worthy ho would continue
to drink his alo and cm his roast beef in
comfort nt home.
The significance of the comment in Eng
land and in America Wh in the recognition
of publicity as tho most eillcient result-getting
agent now at v oik.
particularly well known in this ilcld of effort.
The citadel of evil In this or any other large
city Is politics. The gangster gathers about
him nil parasites and wolds them Into n for
midable voting machine. Tho back door of
tho saloon Is his recruiting olllcc. Ho can
find ready soldiers In the ranks of men who
have long since abandoned tho pursuit of
good nml have dedicated themselves, moro
or less desperately, to a hand-to-mouth ex
istence. Tho machine In Philadelphia has acquired
Its strength and veneer of respectnblllty
through the aotlvo or pas-.ilvo stlppot t of
commercial leaders who, the community has n
right to expect, should bo as militant In op
position to political crookedness as they are
to unfairness In Industrial undertakings.
It Is a good thing if tire revival has opened
the eyes nnd ambitions of hundreds of down-and-outs,
of thousands of lukowarm citizens
who havo been lazy hr their religion. But
tho revival, oir the other hand, has scored a
tremendous failure If it has not broken tho
chains that tie so many of the business
leaders of the city to the Organization's cnr.
The test of the revival, to a largo extent,
will come when the Philadelphia delegation
votes on local option, for the success or fail
ure of the bill rests on the attitude of the
Philadelphia representatives.
The Governor Holds the 'Whip
WHEN the Uiganlratlon planned to hold
up the Governor's appointments through
its Committee on Executive Nominations its
leaders apparently forgot that the Constitu
tion puts considerable power over patrnnagu
In the hands of the Chief Executive. If ho
chooses to exercise that power ho can make
the Organization cat out of his hand. So the
report from Harrlsburg that tho leaders are
planning to "demand" that Doctor Brum
baugh send n lot of nominations to tho
Senate does not mean that they have any
power to enforce their demand, but that they
are getting restless because tho Governor Is
exercising a most commendable restraint In
using his own power. lie lias a whip within
reach, but he has not yet begun to use tho
lash.
were owned body nnd soul by Roberts and
I' air banks. It was further argued that tho
United States Government did have the right
to stop In when u Senator or Representative
was elected. If fraud was perpetrated, It
was ti fraud upon tho United States.
Tho general proposition was placed before
tho Attorney General. He, as well as a num
ber of eminent Jurists, passed upon tho ques
tion, nnd It was finally decided to push tho
enso. Irr fact, definite orders were Issued in
Washington.
Secret service men. disguised as umbrella
menders, Tenderloin habitues nnd gamblers,
visited Tcrrc Haute. They mado their homes
Irr the saloons of the notorious Gth Ward, and
kept watch upon tho men who were supposed
to havo been responsible for tho election
frauds, Xo arrests, however, were mudo at
this time.
Bold and Brazen Deal
While the Investigation was In progress
one of tho boldest pieces oC judicial trickery
In the history of the West was perpetrated.
Judge Fortune must slop aside for his suc
cessor, EH U. Redman. Realizing that ho
I would bu out of a pos tlon, he resigned nbout
a week before the expiration of his term, anil
appointed a close pergonal friend as his suc
cessor, This man immediately appointed
Uiirtuno as Probate Judge, raised tho salary
?1000 a year and thus gave tho ox-Judge a
position to which he could not legally ap
point himself. Tl.e Probate Judgeship In In
diana is a subsidiary position of tho Circuit
Court.
Tho newspapers of Terro Haute nnd In-
I dlannpolls have oponly charged that this deal
WHAT NOW? r:::H
... M V N jvivit" : iielli$ 3?wv -sSsiWif
-,s,.r,.,.,i,...i ,- Mgfmi:y:y;:M t3th & -$-
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dlana. Ho know something was suspicious.
Kndu'Ing well the people of tho underworld,
Ro.tch succeeded in securing tho story of the
election. From that moment Joe Roach, a
Kclf-confesbcd murderer who had been par
doned by Governor Marshall, has been the
power behind the Government's case.
NEW FRENCH WAR SONGS
Patriotic and Sentimental Ballads That
Are Now Ueing Sung in Paris.
From llio .Vow York Tlmos.
In the patriotic ami hcntlmentnl hon?s now
being hawked and sung In tho streets of Pails
tho French lighting niari is calltd "p'tlt plou-
.'i -' -"
Ci
TEACHER OP INDUSTRIAL HUMANISf
Frederick Winslow Taylor, the Leading Pioneer in the Science ol
Management, Learned in the School of Experience That ?
Efficiency and Co-operation Are One. 1
nloU," II Slailir term that. nnrrn.nnilu unmniidifit
was permitted by Fairbanks, ami that it was , to lhe UnBltah peI1.onlncatlon of ..Tonimy.. ,
Portland Welcomes the Great Northern
"PORTLAND, Oregon, appreciates tho sig
X riflcnnco of the arrival there of the Great
Northern, from Philadelphia by way of the
Panama Canal a delegation of business
men met the steamship nt tho pier, and
tpeeches were made on tho greatness of tho
Tort nnd tho Importance of developing it as
an outlet for tho vast country which Is
drained by tho Columbia River. The Port
land men realized that If they are to sell
their products they must also buy, and they
discussed the need of more lines of steam
ships to the ports on tho Atlantic seaboard
as well as to the Asiatic ports of the Pacific.
Portland is a comparatively small city but
tt is alive, and Its business men have appar
ently decided to go out in tho world and get
what they want instead of sitting with their
hands In their laps content with what hap.
pens to come their way. It is this spirit that
has made the Wea as a whole, and will
make Portland one of the great seaports of
the nation In a few years. It has physical
advantages, similar to those of Philadelphia,
and it has the determination to make tho
most of them. It is this determination that
The Deceptive Trade Ralancc
THE balance of trade In favor of tho
United States Is unpiccedei.ted. There Is
not, however, a cortesponirlng prosperity.
For one reason, tho great diminution in im
ports magnlllcs the nominal balance in our
favor. Another reason is that a largo part
of our exports consists of raw material, such
as grains and cotton. Large exports of raw
material nre a bad sign. They Indicate that
a nation Is backward in manufacturing, and
is permitting other nations to securo tho
enormous prolita resulting from tiro conver
sion of raw material into a finished product.
This Is not so evident in tiro case of grains.
But certainly tho United States would dom
inate the world'u cotton goods markets If it
manufactured all ot Its own cotton. A na
tion that imports raw materials and ex
ports finished products Is a happy nation,
hut far happier Is tho nation that produces
Its own raw material and e.Nports it only irr
finished forms. Our exports just now nre
abnormal, as aro our Imports. There is I
nothing permanent In the situation, and that
is why It Is not nuno satisfactory. Never
theless, this period of heavy selling and
minimum buying means rapid strides in
making of ourselves a creditor instead of a
debtor nation.
par t of tho written agreement made be
tween tho two men when Fortune culled off
the Grand Jury which was investigating tho
Roberts election. It has been explained that
Redman would not have nppointed the man,
us he was n hated rival and that Roberts
wanted him thrown orr tho political scrap
heap.
' The secret service men, working in the
. Tenderloin and receiving tips from tho cltl
! zens, gradually unraveled tho meshes of po
j llticnl corruption. They saw how tho Falr
j bnnks beer flowed In tho red light district,
heard tho stories of the Roberts-Fairbanks
i "slush fund," and gradually got together a
! mass of evidence. Everything, however, was
j too thin to mtiko a definite case. At tills
, stage it all was talk. v
Tho agents, however, learned that tho
I Roberts lieutenants had paid tho repeators
25 cents for each time they registered, and
j that r.O cents to $1 was the price they to-
l celved every time the election levor was
worked or n Democratic ballot cast on No
vember 3. They also learned that Jack nines
and Frank Hess, tho saloonkeeper ward
leaders of the fith. had voted more than COO
men from one precinct ulone, where thcro
wore but 2S& honest votes. These men havo
since turned Stnto's evidence In nnother
precinct 150 more voles were counted than
names appearing on the poll books. In still
nnother precinct, wlioro a number of Progres
sives live, there was not a single Progressive
vore rccoraen on tno election machine. A
number of election machines which had been
tampered with wero uuourthed.
c?u.nta.
Goethals and the Presidency
TT IB no disparagement of the ability of
J. General Goethals to say that his training
has not qualified him for the office of Presu
dent. His nomination for that office by the
Panama Morning Journal does more credit
to that newspaper's admiration for the
achievements of the constructor of the canal
than to Ita Judement. General Goethals is
probably the greatest engineer alive today
And General Gorgas, who conquered the
tropical diseases of the Isthmus, la the
greatest sanitary officer In the wprld. But
ojie might as well propose General Gorgas
for the Presidency on account of hit) knowL
edge of bacteria and germs and the way to
destroy them, as to propose General Goethals
fee (he office because he has succeeded In
tfjfglng the biggest ditch ever constructed
dries the great upheavals that raised the
mountains and spilled the wafers Into the
ralleyji and made oceans.
It is nearly 60 years since we elected a
'Man Sr4ilJt, twt because he was a states
man, tart !mh he was a great soldier.
One Certain Ilesult of the War
THE men aro in the trenches. Teru upon
tens of thousands of them will never re
turn home. In all tho warring nations, when
industry begins again to summon its recruits,
there will bo. great gaps In the lines. Tho
volume of work to be done, making up for
lost time and repairing the prodigious dam
age wrought, will bo greater than ever before
and tho number to do It will be smaller.
This means a new summons to women.
Already, In Edinburgh, they have been called
on to servo as trolley-car conductors.
Woman-labor and child-labor must be
drafted. In all sorts of industries; in which
they have not heretofore been employed
women will serve. They will bo driven by
economic pressure out of their hemes into
the workshops, and into practically every
phase of human activity. There will be no
talk then of where their place Is nnd no
captious criticism of their competency.
A result of tho war, most tremendous in
its importanco and far-reaching in its in
fluence on tho trend of world affairs, will bo
the enfranchisement of women.
The rumor that Mr. Bryan Is to resign Is
once more denied.
When 3000 men clamor for 30 Job3 on a new
public work It Is evident that the delay in
starting the new subway delays something
besides rapid transit.
The McNlchol company gets a section of
the Parkway contract, and It has hopes for
subway contracts also. Politics seems to
mean Just one contract after another.
Perhaps if the Allies couia get General
Scott to help them he might go out with an
orderly and a Btaff officer and arrest the
Kaiser and compel him to make peace. He
has Just stopped an Indian Insurrection In
this simple way.
If the President remains In his present
state of mind the country will have all sum
mer and fall to recover from the ministra
tions of the last Congress, as no extraordi
nary session of the new Congress ts now cen-temjpftted.
Brass Tags Cashed
The Government agents soon learned that
a systematic plan had been worked. Whon
a repeator voted ho cither received a small
whlto paper or a brass tag. Theso wero
cashed at tho various gang headquarters
u-mally balooris at different points in tho
city. Tno record repeater, who has since
confessed, voted 3fi times. Ono negro voted
22 times. Tiro averugo repeater, however,
usually made from six to ten trips into the
election booths.
Tho secret servico men also discovered that
Sheriff Dennis Shea was the leader of tho
strong-aim men, and that Joo Jeffers and his
two brothers wero the leaders of tho Roberts
slugging force. Joo Jeffers, known as the
toughest character In tho whole vicinity, was
a special policeman. No man In Terre Haute
had shot so many persons and slugged as
many ns Joo Jeffers. He was always freed
by tho Roberts Magistrate. Ho was the same
man who led a band of thugs in the car
strike and demolished the terminal of the
I Indianapolis traction line. Since the Inves.
! tlgatlon begnn, this man has confessed, and
j will be the star witness for the Government.
, It Is understood that he received his orders
direct from Roberts and the Chief of Police.
His confession forms a remarkablo story of
tho criminal phase of politics.
They also learned that a complete card
system had been kept In City Hall bearing
the names of tho repeaters. Tho Govern
ment now charges that this system was
operated by Mayor Roberts. A number of
tho cards, bearing names, ages and general
registration information, subsequently fell
Into the hands of the Government's agents.
Many of tho names were copied from the
Indianapolis directory.
It is one thing to know political scandal
stories, to listen to tales of election frauds,
of slush funds and bipartisanship, and it Is
another thing to prove It. Ono may be mor
ally certain that fraud exists, and yet be un
able to prove It in court. This was the
situation in Terre Haute, and It has ever
been the situation in Philadelphia.
Tho whole complexion of the case, how-
l ever, at Terre Haute changed. It changed
upon almost an Insignificant point the con
fession ofabout the last cog In the Roberts
machine. One Wesley Godfrey, lover of
cocaine. Tenderloin habitue and one of tho
lowest citizens of Terre Haute, became sus
picious. He scented trouble. He -was e. bar.
tender In the saloonrbrothel conducted by
Frank Hess. Godfrey thought It would be
wise to secure employment somewhere beside
Terre Haute. He went to Indianapolis.
Joseph Roach, who figured In the at
tempted clean-up after Roberts had been
j Jeetd, (Quod thfa man in jne'.sapHal of Ja-
Its use. llicy aro also referred to often as
"our little soldiers," nnd, although descriptive
adjectives llho "glorious" and "conquering" aro
not iwnrtlng, there Is at tho same time a
psychological Hlgnlrlcanco in the familiarity or
theso diminutives that aro affectionately cm
ploycd. ,
Some of tho titles In this class of ballads aro
"Weep Not, Wonren of France," "Tho Lost
Dream nf tho Plouplou," "Tho Soul uf tho
Cannon." "Thy Llfo for France," "The .March
of the Little Soldicro," ' Our Brave Colonials"
(dedicated "hornago to our negro troops"),
"After Louvaln, Rhelms!" "March of 10H" nnd
"If tho Road Bo Long."
In many of them the note of friendship for
tho Allies, especially Belgium, Is sounded often.
Indeed, ono writer has sot a chant of friendship
I for Belgium to the tune of the Marseillaise.
j It can bo tr instated as follo;
All hall, O son of Belgium hold;
Be thou our brothers evermore.
Thy hearts wioiisht In heroic mold
Are such as Franco will o'er adore.
Your deeds of arms tho aso's story
Holds graven deep In letters gold.
'Twill for our children ne'er grow old,
Uniting U3 with you In glory.
Unite, O brothers all,
Our banner Is tho same,
March on, march on.
To glory go
Agalnat the common foe.
One of tho sentimental ballads relates "an
episode of the war of 1014," which has for Its
hero a child who was shot by German soldiers
although the author does not call It strictly
"founded on fact." The ballad Is written in tho
style of "Just as the Sim Went Down," or any
of our "popular" sentimental songs.
.vnomer song mourns tho destruction of
niielms and Its cathedral. It is a song of a
slightly different type, which might bo rendered
freely Into English as follows:
Rhelms was once a lovely city
And Its monument superb,
Thnt cathedral called Immortal,
Proudly roso orr high.
From all countries,
Charmed and wond'rlng
Visitors and tourists came.
Cama In love and veneration
For the sacred treasure of the arts.
Rhelms, oh Rhelms!
Thou and thy cathedral
Were the pride of nil tho world.'
Boorirh vandals,
Oh! Rhelms,
Enchantress city.
Turning cannons on your beauty
Have destroyed your blessed wealth.
A CORRECTION
To o Editor of the Evtnlng Ltdgtr:
Sir The views attributed to ma In the report
of my address on neutrality, published In tho
Evenino Lr.noKrt of Friday last, are so dia
metrically opposed to those which I hold that
I find myself compelled to turden your columns
with a correction.
I will not undertake to correct the entire
rapon, uu inrs wouia involve too long a com
munication. There Is one point, however, con
cerning which there should be no mlsunder
btau'dlng. Your reporter, in hla account of tho
address, attributes to me tho following statement:
"I believe that this country owes it to Itself
to stop the cxportatloa of munitions of war
for use by tho belligerents. This Is the only
prospect wo now have of aiding in the termina
tion of the war."
Not only was no such statement made, but
precisely the contrary proposition was upheld.
I stated very clearly that any extension of
neutral obligations, to Include a prohibition on
the exportation of arms and ammunition,
would mean a premium on militarism and
would compel tho peaceful countries to pre
pare themselves against possible attack. If
after tho outbreak of hostilities it were impos
sible for a belligerent to secure arms and am
munition from neutral countries, one of two
results would follow: either an undue advan
tage would be given to those countries that
are alvlng their best thought and energy to
the preparation for war or the more peacefully
Inclined countries would be compelled to keep
on hand a sufficient supply of arms and am
munition for all possible contingencies. In my
address I distinctly stated that such a prohibi
tion would mean a step backward and would
defeat the purpose which its advocates had In
mind,
L. S. ROWB,
Philadelphia, March 22.
There la nothing so Important to the Even
ing Ledger, as accuracy In Its news columns.
It Is glad to make prompt correction at any
time of any error. The account of Doctor
Rowe'a address was received from sources aim.
posedly accurate. Doctor Rowe's position on
America's attitude was admirably stated In an
article contributed by him to tho EvExmo
LSBflBB of 6turday. March So. Editor of the.
By SAMUEL HARRIS
Til 10 man who did moro than anybody else
to reduce tho problem of management to
an exact sclciicu was Frederick Winslow
Taylor, who died Irr this city orr Sunday at
tho age of 09. "Scientific management," a
system of conducting industrial plants, was
evolved by a successful man In a successful
business. Mr. Taylor learned and taught It
In tho "school of experience." His was the
work of n pioneer.
In 1STS Mr. Taylor- entered tho employ of
tho MIdvalo Steel Company. He speedily roso
from mechanic to tho position of gang fore
man. Ho knew that tho men were not doing
all they could, for ho had been ono among
them. Tho reason he know also. It seemed
to them that nothing was to bo gained. Ho
tried to drive them, and they even threatened
him with personal violence If ho persisted In
his efforts. It was useless to break In new
men they wero won away from him. It was
under these conditions that ho worked out
his ideas of what since has become known
us "scientific management," and given him
tho title of philosopher and benefactor. For
30 years tho Taylor philosophy has been
practiced at tho Mldvnlo works, and during
thnt period there has not been a single strike.
For Mr. Taylor's purpose and achievement
was to make tho Interests of men and man
agement interdependent.
the teaching and did the whole task
aisltrej
The First Experiments
His early experiments and studies have
been described as follows: "Carried out with
U stop watch and measuring stick, they showed
among other things that n workman should
bo under load only a certain period of tho
tlmo (depending upon the work), and should
bo free from load part of tho time. Return
ing to tho handlers of pig iron, It was found
that tho best of tho men could work without
harmful fatigue if they wero under load 42
per cent, of the time, and froo from load E2
per cerrt. of tho time. In a ten-hour working
day there aro 600 minutes therefore, the man
could be under load .42x000, or 252 minutes.
Tho dlstanco from tho pllo of Iron to tho car
was 30 feet, and tho stop watch showed that
the men covered ths dlstanco with load In
the averago tlmo of .218 minutes. In 252 min
utes they would ninko 522 divided by .218, or
1156 trips. The pigs nveraged 92 pounds each,
so that S-'xllBG equaled 106,352 pounds, or over
47 long tons, wero carried in a day.
"Theso facts were determined whllo the
men wero at work, and whllo they wero load
ing but 12i4 tons. Mr. Taylor first figured
out that they could load 47 tons, and this
figure was set as tho standard. AVIth men
fitted physically and temperamentally for tho
work, Instructed as to how the work should
bo done, and rewarded by Increased pay. the
tonnage thus scientifically determined be
camo tho amount actually handled.
Many people have an erroneous Idea that
"sclentlllo management" consists of slide
rules. Instruction cards, eight sets of ohovels
and tho like. On the contrary, the appli
ances aro of subordlnato Importance. Tiro
principal thing is to get accurate Informa
tion and continuously to apply it. In accom
plishing this, tho selection and training of
men, the systematic planning of how work
Biiau uo uone, rn wnat tlmo and by whom,
and tho bonus system of wages havo been
found necessary. There is little mystery
about the matter, nnd no assumption of cure
all attributes. Mr. Taylor gave under four
heads tho steps In tho practice of scientific
management:
First. Determlno accurately by scientific
analysis the elements of each piece of work
and decide how It can best be done. '
Second. Select men who aro fitted for the
work-even for the lowest kinds and train
them In the best way of doing that task.
Third. By adequate supervision and a sys
tem of payment which gives the men an In
centlve, make sure that the men practice the
uuai iiieiiiuua uu me nme.
Fourth. Divide tho work between the man.
ngement and the men so that the manage-
m,ent does all tho work which It can do
better than the men.
Inducement to Efficiency
The third principle is made effective by the
"bonus" system of payment, Mr. Taylor
who, after successfully developing his effl'
clency Ideas at Midvale, was asked tn intro
duce "scientific management" Into the works
of the Bethlehem Steel Company, found that
the men there were receiving Jl.15 a day for
shoveling. He allowed that rate to stand.
If a man cama to the Bethlehem works in
the morning and merely Bhoveled tin h
I whlstla blew In the evening he got his 31 IS
I as usual If, howvtr, b$ bad proated by
to him, he received $1.85 a day.
extra a day was the inducement 1
braui-rusothosc,encowhkh
",u,uw lo l"o loroman. Ue rccekul
... ua lur e:lci, mail recolvlng a bonoi
under him, and a larger bonus hcn evtS
man under him gets a bonus, if a forma
has 12 men under him and ho gets j ctiS
bonus per day for each man who recelwn
bonus, and If 11 of them get a bonus !!
celves 88 cents. But if ho gets 12 ceau
..u euun it overy man receives a boniu. hi
rs entitled to $1.1 i. Thus the bonus sche3
iiuicKuns trie wlrolc shop.
Tho Board of Strateev
The fourth principle-dividing the work
that tho management docs all that it uj
do better than tho men-is one of the tsfl
principles of tho Taylor plan. In the "pfci
mug (reparcment" trained executives aniija
various problems, map out the work 'of tt!
ontiro establishment, and dlstrlbutellt amc
tho various departments. They are Hi
"board of strategy." An example ol ffij
work: A "routo chart," or working pUn,S
maue or each order, and copies are sect B
tlio foremen of all tho departments cci
cerned. It shows tho routo or travel o!i3
parts which mako up the product; It ipedta
what parts can bo taken from stock, vtU
parts must bo made, how and by whora,5
what tools will bo needed. When the m
nlng nnd routing is skilfully dona all ni
will reach tho assembly room at about til
same time. 1
This system enables the workman to e
centrato on his task and Increase his prod?:
tlon, and his production determines his coa;
pensatlon. Tho planning department fai
not require a large number of blgn-pritf:
men: a few can do tho work. The emploji
of tho rilant is not turned Into a mere Bl'
chlno, for tho man lacking In Initiative bf
comes moro skilful, and hence more Into
ested In his work; and tho others can olio
discover improved methods which win -vancement.
1
Tho Ideas of Mr. Taylor have prove! "5
reaching. Not only did his Inventions 11$
discovery of now processes lead to a revolt
tlon In tho mechanical and technical mettos
employed In tho metal-working industrlj
but tho principles of efficiency and maw
ment which ho promulgated though h w
not their solo originator led to one 01 KJ
Important social and Industrial movemestt
of n century. In almost overy kind o(lc
ness enterprise these principles have necte
Important changes. "Employment engtag
Ing," concerning which an article appe!
in theso columns a short tlmo eso, u lg
one of the "sciences" thus Initiated. j
whole world of business Is under ft 3
debt to Frederick W. Taylor. f
A Science of Co-operation a
Scientific management vas defined bf
Taylor as follows: ill
"It does not necessarily Involve any PS
Invention nor tho discovery of new orlf4'
ling facts. It dops, however, Involve eSl
tain combination of elements which D"j3
existed in tho past, namely, old know!
so collected, analyzed, grouped ana cus'
into laws and rules that it cowtltutMi
science, $
ti -- i 1- .i....t hut r&lher &i
whnln nnmhlnnllnn hnt rnnstituteS MSBS
management, which may be wnnmarUeil
"Science, not rule of thumb.
"Harmony, not discord.
"Cn.nnorntlnn Tint In'dtvldUallgrO,
"Maximum output, In place of r4!
output.
"The development of each ln i
greatest efficiency and prosperity,"
A WEARY LOT IS TJIINB
A weary lot fs thine, fair roW.
4x weary joe ia unt .rfi
To pull the thorn thy brow to tw
Ami nrotrn Via ri1A tor WlnO. -
A lightsome eye, a soldier's role". 4
A feather of the blue. I
A doublet of the Lincoln green nl
No more of me you know.
My Lovel
No more of me you know.
"This morn Is merry June. I f'1
The rose Is budding ii
But she shall bloom In winter w.
Ere we two pieet again.
He turned his charger as he P
TTnnn tin ftvur fllinrA. 1
He gave the brldle-relns haSj
Bold, "Adieu for ever w
, My laved
Jknri Dlftt, fftn ASH ZnOTfi.
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