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Ultfiigcr
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EDITOni A7l)OAnU ;
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rillLADKt.PIIIA, SATURDAY. MAttf.tl ., 191S.
It mlolit once have been true that cttlcit tecrc
captured through their ears: but they
arc now icon by men who uppcrtl
to their brains.
God Made the Country
WHO Iti this great .town can read the list
of subjects they have been discussing at
the farmers' Instltuto In Horticultural Hall
today and yesterday without longing for tho
country? One man talked of roses; another
discussed pastures, thoso pastures which tho
country-bred poet bad In mind whon ho
wrote:
I lingered by the pasluro bars
From twilight until gloaming;
Till daylight clustered Into stars,
And through the clouds went roaming.
Still nnothcr told about sweet peas. And
thero was talk of co-operation among farm
ers, of plus, of spraying fruit trees, of hardy
flowers, of picture-planting on tho lawn and
commercial fertilizers.
Ab tho wire edgo of winter wears down to
tho softness of spring the call of tho country
becomes Insistent. Tho desert that man has
made and catted a town may bo good enough
In wlntor. Then wo see starved plants grow
ing on ledges of tho stony cliffs wc call
houses or hotels, as pathetic a sight as a 6-year-old
girl In a public danco hall. They
havo no place there. Tho blastinT winds of
winter tear them to pieces and tho blister
ing suns of summer burn the llfo out oC
them. But the country! 'That is tho placo
for living. The green carpet of tho earth
gladdens the heart, and tho sight of grow
ing things that wo have planted appeals to
something fundamental In us which we deny
at the peril of losing nur best selves.
Wo are all farmers at bottom. Man made
tho town, and It Is a splendid example of
what man can do, leaving out the glory of
tho fecund earth. Hut find, after all, made
tho great outdoors that wo know as the
country.
MinRling Humanity With Justice
JUVENILE COU,UTS have been estab
lished primarily to reform, and secondar
ily to punish. Judge Gorman acted In ac
cordance with this theory when ho appointed
four women to assist him in dealing with tho
girls brought beforo him in tho Juvenile
branch of the Municipal Court. The girls
will toll their story to a sympathetic woman
when a man would tlnd it 'Impossible to get
tho truth out of them. Then when the facts
arc known the temptations" to which tho
girl has succumbed, her desire to bo decent,
nnd her amenability to kindly Influences
tho Judge, In open court, can make such dis
position of the caso as seems wise.
Under this system It is likely that many a
gtrl can bo sent back to her home, or put In
surroundings where sho can bo protected,
without subjecting her to tho disgrace of a
term In a public institution It has worked
well In other cities, and It will work well
everywhere when the people behind It aro
more deeply Interested In tho human aido of
error than In the enforcement of tho letter of
the perfectly Just statutes. Judgo Gorman's
assistants may be called women Judges, or
Just women. Tho title is of no Importance so
long as they extend the sheltering caro of
their womanhood to the girls who como be
for them.
Legislation Is Not a Panacea
THE President Is represented as believing
that tho legislation of his Congress will
he a panacea for social nnd Industrial 1113.
If the Prealdont thinks this he had better
think again. Somo of the legislation Is good
nnd some of It Is bad, but nono of It Is a
panacea. No law ever passed can bo de
scribed by this all-embracing word. Only
quack medicines are panaceas. And only
quacks profess to euro everything.
Some half-baked admirer of tho President
must have used tho phraso, for Woodrow
Wilson knows too much about tho history of
civilization and tho slow processes of its
growth for him to claim that any law Is a
cure-all. The country has been benefited by
What Congress has not done ns much as by
what It has done. And If Congress had dona
Jess the country would bo better off. Men
need to bo let alone as much as possible, If
they nre to do their work, and tho same ruh
applies to business and to society at large.
If Congress would treat the country with
studied neglect for the noxt two years, even
the optimists would be astonished at the
beneficent result. Tho country does not need
panaceas so much as it needs bread pills.
An Easy Answer
milB man, signing himself "Anti-Suffra-
JL gist," who has asked the Kvbnwo LEDaEn
Why the women are not supreme in the
kitchen, citing tho ctllnary tilumph pf Dill
Kins, In chicken fcnown as a la King, i i an
instance of the supremacy of men, was gen
eralizing on Insufficient data. Many great
cooks have been men, but they are so few, Jn
comparison with the total number engaged
ever- day in the preparation of meals, that
they are like the grit in the sugar, conspicu
ous because of its uncommonne.
The "plea that mother used to make'' are
famous, but who ever dreamed of the bread
that father used to bake, or the cake that
brother made for his stater's birthday party,
or the corned beef hash, Just moist enough
and Just brown enough to be fit for the gods
nf high Olympus, that grandfather made on
Sunday morning for the delectation of the
assembled family on the one day when every
one had ietnure to enjoy what was set before
him?
AW Xhwm triumph bavn been achieved, net
b MWij.ut by wuma Interested is cooking
fei lift twn sake, a ad diplomatic enough to
ake tfcetBMit et. still more efficient, la order
EVENING
Hint they mlRht find their way through the
stomach of the malo members of the family
to that control over Its destinies Which every
woman exercises more or lens successfully
Besides, men to bo cooks must devoto their
whole intellect to the work; hut the women
nro not the best cooks only; they are the
best nuritos, the best housekeepers, tho best
dressmakers, tho best teachers of children,
nnd tho best In so mhny other things that
space Is lacking to print even a partial nsi.
Our friend's question Is ono of those which
carries Its own answer In tho nsklng, ,
The Truth About Belgium
KDWAIID (1U1CY proved that ho en
Sill
tcr
tertains no IIIiirIoiih when he sold that
"unless neutral nations are prepared to
assist In throwing the Germans out of
Belgium, no suggestions from them In tho
matter of preventing further devastation of
Hint country nro wanted."
This Is brutal in its directness. But It
states the situation with exact precision.
Ilolglum has been devastated as an net of
war. No llnely worded resolutions will drive
tho Germans out of Helglum. No literary
protest against tho outrage of the country
would havo driven tho British or tho French
out of It, either, had military necessity
forced them to Invade Germany through this
neutral stnto.
When war Is on, tho tools of war must ho
used. Belgium has suffered by tho sword,
and only the sword will savo her. If Ger
many wins, Helglum will dlsapncar as an
Independent state. If tho Alllr-a win, Bel
gium will bo re-established and buttressed
against German aggression In tho future.
Sir Edward may bo pardoned his apparent
Impatience with the people who have boon
acting as If war did not mean war.
What a Councils!
DOES -of
r
OES Councils care at all for tho Intoicsts
hlladelphla? It refuses to tuithoriseo
an adequato pollco force; it will not permit
tho United Gas Improvement Company to
spend about half a million dollars In substi
tuting gas for gasoline lamps, which would
glvo tho city better lighting and likewise
savo It moro than 60,000 annually; It will not
npproprlato money wherewith to repair In
jured flro apparatus; It Inserts a "Joker"
which prevents pollco surgeons from getting
drugs and other necessary material, and It
steadfastly delays whenever It can and how
over It can uny plans for public improve
ment. Even whon It does appropriate money
which has been voted by tho people for now
pollco and tire stations it adds tho words,
"such stations as may bo designated by
Councils," and then adroitly falls to des
ignate any, thus absolutely preventing the
expenditure of the money. Truly tho citizens
of Philadelphia aro ably represented. They
seem to havo turned their legislative author
ity over to as bold and arrogant a sot of
holdbacks as over ventured Into public life.
Sothchabics Hall
IF THE managers of that Cheltenham baby
farm had been frank, and had also been
fumlllar with Dickens, they might havo
colled their establishment, not Bethel Home,
but Dothobables Hall. There may havo been
a pretense of taking care of tho unfortunntcs,
but no better arrangements could have been
devised for doing the bnbles to death without
Incurring the penalties of the law If that
had been the deliberate purpose.
Tho community owes it to itself to take
care of the childicn who get Into such homes.
With proper care and training they can be
come self-supporting citizens. But with Im
proper care they become a burden to society.
It Is from this class that tho ranks of crim
inals are recruited Tho child comes Into tho
world handicapped, but it Is possible to glvo
It somo preparation for fighting its own way
In an honest occupation.
A good beginning has been mado In closing
tho Cheltenham placo and removing tho chil
dren. But there nro said to be 25 other places
of the same kind in this neighborhood. Tho
business of tho courts and the prisons will
he lessened In the future If the Inmates aro
put In the care of persons who aro Interested
In training them to bo decent citizens.
Carrauza Cannot Do It
SECRETARY BRYAN'S demand that Car
ranza put a stop to the rioting and dis
order in Mexico City might as well havo been
addressed to Vice President Marshall for all
tho good that it will do. Carranza can sit
at ease In Vera Cruz and stroke his whiskers,
but ho cannot control conditions in tho Mex
ican capital.
Tho demand may have been made ns a
preliminary to further action. But tho coun
try has llttlo confidence In anything that
this Administration plans for the relief of
conditions across the border. It has bungled
from the beginning, nnd only the Intensely
absorbing occupation of the Powers In Eu
ropo at tho present time has prevented them
from taking matters Into their own hands.
A 42-centImotre gun docs not seem half so
big when you call It a 1614-Inch gun.
Tho Issue is on between public utilities and
public futilities.
Delaware has decided to keep Its whipping
post nnd to get along without mothers' pen
sions. This was a bllllon-dollar Congress In a
billion-dollar country hard pressed by tho
necessity for economy.
Tho lid Is on, and front tho way the Or
ganization forces are behaving It la becom
ing moro likely overy day that It will stay
on four years longer.
The report that all theatres in Berlin are
to be closed from and nftcr April 1 would be
more credlblo If the change were scheduled
to begin on a different date.
When the Mayor vetoed the ordinance in
tended to prevent tho use of certain funds by
the Highway Bureau he saved 00 men from
discharge. But "Ithawn Street Pete" wanted
tho resolution to become effective.
The man who told a legislative committee
in Albany that somo of New York's so-called
leading citizens wero misleading citizens
might have Bald the same of Philadelphia
with equal truth.
If John W. Alwander does not want to
paint those lunettes for the Capitol In Har
rlsburg, Councils here might be willing to
produce a painter who would do the Job if
somo one would first tell him what a,
lunette is.
George Dewey is not to be the only Ameri
can admiral Congress has provided that the
commanders of the Atlantic, Pacific nnd
Asiatic fleets shall have the admiral's rank
while on duty. This is a good beginning,
perhaps In a few years Congress will consent
to give the permanent nyik to thwe commanders.
LEDGEtt - PHILADELPHtA, SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1915:
CONCENTRATION
AND CONQUEST
When Fortune Advertises It Is Not
for the Man Who Can Do Any
Thing, but for the Worker Who
Excels in One Thing.
By JOSEPH H. ODELL
THE valtio of a virtue or a qimlltj) In
creases with tho passage of time. Long
uro, when every man worked for himself In
n thinly populated world In which the re
sources of nature had not been gathered by
millions of eager hands, It was not necessary
or wise for a man to conccntrato his atten
tion or powers. Ho could bo his own mason,
carpenter nnd smith; he had to draw his own
plans, fashion what tools ho needed, provide
for tho family by his personal skill, gather
his supply of fruit or vegetables, fight his
battles singlo-hnmlcd, doctor his own wounds
or Ills, carry what messages ho wished to
deliver to friend or foe In short, he had to bo
nblo and ready to do everything except bury
himself, nnd In some primitive societies a
mnn even made his own coffln, Tho vast In
crease In population, especially In tho lands
whero men maFs in cities, has entirely
changed tho program of life. It seems at
first sight like a contradiction, hut It Is un
doubtedly true that the man who has tho
best chanco of success Is tho ono who can
do tho least number of things; that Is, pro
vided ho can do thoso things moro efficiently
than other men.
If Fortuno should over write nn advertise
ment thero could he llttlo doubt about tho
wording: "Wanted A man who can do
better than any ono else!" Everything
yields to well-directed skill. Skill Is tho ro
sult of continuous application In ono direc
tion, until tho mind or tho muscles, or both,
form tho habit of working without conscious
effort. For such mon thero Is an opening In
every field of manufacture, sclenco and
finance, while thero is only n precarious
chance for the ono who has dabbled and
dipped Into a score of things and has failed
to make himself tho master of any depart
ment. No Job for This Man
Recently a man strolled Into nn odlco and
asked for employment.
"What can you do?" Inquired tho Junior
partner.
"Oh, anything!" was the reply.
"Sorry," came the answer, "but we haven't
any such placo vacant. Wo can do with an
extra shipping clerk nnd nn expert stenog
rapher; wo want immediately four machin
ists, one toolmakcr, ono patternmaker, two
forgers and thrco molders; but wo haven't a
Job big enough for a man who can do any
thing." To excel In whatever ono attempts should
bo the aim or every man who cherishes am
bition. Mediocrity the ability to do mental
or manual work fairly well neither merits
nor wins any of tho prizes of life: In fact, It
keeps the mind In a state of alarm because,
without a moment's warning, somo one moro
skilful may pass us and snatch the reward,
or even supplant and so deprive us of tho
meagre wage of ordinary work. In looking
back over tho men pre-eminent In their own
fields, wo are forced to believe that each did
tho very best of which ho was capable; it Is
scarcely possible to think of Phidias belpg a
better sculptor than ho wns, or Julius Caesar
a moro capable soldier, or Shakespcaro a
truer dramatist, or Isaac Newton a moro
careful scientist, or Washington a sublimcr
patriot, or Wagner n more accomplished mu
sician, or A. T. Stewart a keener merchant,
or A. J. Cassatt a farther-seeing railroad
president.
There aro no crowns In tho world for thoso
who nro content to do only what necessity
compels, and who do It without ardor nnd
conscious skill. The supremo Joy of llfo Is
found In tho sense of mastery a feeling that
comes whon dlmcultlcs havo been overcome,
when it Is possible to look back over tho
days of Immaturity and doubtful experiment
knowing that tho position now attained Is
unassailable tho result of persistent, concen
trated effort. The field In which such a
triumph is won may not bo a highly dlB.
tlngul.shcd ono, not such n ono as commands
admiring attention, but tho senso of victory
will bo Just as real and tho rewards quite as
precious. Probably tho pride of personal at
tainment or accomplishment Is the only prldo
that Is not foolish. Why should a king bo
proud of a throne ho did not win, or a
nobleman of a title ho has not merited, or a
legateo of a fortune 'ho did not create? But
tho man who has mado nature givo up her
secrets, or has harnessed the forces of tho
unlverso to tho car of human progress, or
has Increased tho general wealth by mechanl-
cnl and labor-saving devices, or has mado
himself Indispensable to his ago or nation,
may well be proud of tho results of ills
power. Such a goal is worthy of any effort,
and happy Indeod Is tho man who has set
himself to reach It at any cost.
Tho Ago of Steel
Henry Bessemer puzzled over the problem
of how to make steel from Iron In sufllclent
quantity to be put to universal use. When
small pieces of Iron had to be carbonized in
a charcoal flro under a draught of hand
bellows the cost of making steel was so high
and tho product so limited in amount that
it could bo used only for sword blades, cut
lery and watchsprlngs. It was worth $300 a
ton. and England controlled tho world's mar
ket with 60,000 tons a year. So Bessemer Put
his brain to work and made a thorough study
of metallurgy. Ho mastered what w3
known of tho science In a few months. Ntxi
he took a small iron foundry in London and
began to use his eyes and hands as well as
his brain.- '
In the course of 18 months of tremendous
work he formed the idea of making steel by
using atmospheric oxygen. Attempt after
attempt failed, process after process proved
useless, crucible after crucible was discarded;
every penny that Bessemer could fljid was
sunk In numerous experiments; ho himself
was made 111 by the tremendous work and
anxiety; but at last, when every one was
rldloullng his unproductive efforts, success
came. But It took six years of the most
severe, concentrated work. The age of Iron
was changed Into the age of steel, In 20
years the output of steel rose to 4,000,000 tons
a year, while the cost dropped to $40 a ton.
Bessemer died in 1898, at the age of 84, hav
ing won titles of honor from nearly all the
Governments of the world, besides vast
wealth and the gratitude of mankind.
A man who concentrates every force of his
nature In one direction meets every obstacle
with an impact that nothing can withstand.
Isaac Singer was an actor, but having caught
a glimpse of Ellas Howe's sewing machine,
he determined to make and market a similar
devief. In 11 days, working 21 hours out of
eaeh W, be succeeded in his task, and lm-
ifmmimmmmmmmi
vv1iS-,'ffl7affi'T!f:fe7.vw'iKwv; s"- .iW9ysnis,'4v a
7fSx I 4- r '
.:: ti .'. . irrvi-' r .A-t- '.jr.ar- tJx&n j-.s.rs ..- j-' m
vrZ.tfa.
-f&4-;
tte&-&j?-&K
mediately advertised, sent out agents, and
began to tako orders.
When questioned as to tho secret of suc
cess Thomas Edison replied: "Tho ability to
apply your physical and mental energies tn
ono problem Incessantly without growing
weary." Ho has sometimes worked for CO
consecutlvo hours upon ono problem. When
developing tho automatic telegraph, Edison
sat In the midst of a. pllo of chemical books
flvo feot high when placed upon cuch other
on tho floor, and near at hand was apparatus
for conducting experiments. Tho boolo were
tho latest scientific works ordered from New
York. London nnd Paris. Ho pored over
them day and night. Nothing could drag
him from his study. Ho ato at his desk nnd
slept In his chair. In six weeks he had de
voured tho contents of tho books, had mado
thousands of experiments on tho formulas,
and had produced ono solution tho only ono
In the world that would do the very thing ho
wanted: record 200 words a minute on a
wire hundreds of miles In length. In tho caso
of making tho carbon filament for tho Incan
descent lamp, It required five months of un
broken application with exhaust lvo experi
ments upon moro than 2000 different sub
stances boforo ho found that bamboo fibre
was what he needed.
"Tho longer I live," wroto Folwcll Bux
ton, "tho moro deeply am I convinced that
that which makes tho difference between ono
man and another, betweon the weak and tho
powerful, tho great and tho Insignificant, Is
energy, Invlnclblo determination, a purpose
onco formed then, deatl or victory."
"There la no chance, no destiny, no fate.
Can circumvent, or hinder, or control,
Tho firm resolve of a determined soul.
Olfto count for nothing; will alono Is great;
All things give way beforo It, soon or late.
What obstacle can stay tho mighty forco
Of the sea-seeking river In Its course,
Or cause tho nscendlng orb of day to wait?
Each well-born soul must win what it deserves.
Let the fool prate of luck. The fortunnte
Is he whose earnest purpose novor sworves,
"Whose slightest action, or Inaction, serves
Tho one great aim. "Why, oven death stands
still
And waits an hour sometimes for such a will."
PRIVILEGES AND OBLIGATIONS
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Hlr An editorial In tho Kveninu Luoann of
yesterday says:
The right of a woman to vote Is essen
tially a moral issue, for It Is against all
American principle that the accident of
birth should determine the political rights
and privileges of inhabitants.
May I nsk why you stop with rights and
privileges? "Why don't you go on to say some
thing about duties and obligations? It Is ono
of the peculiar eccentricities of suffragists that
they only preach equality so long as they aro
considering rights and privileges. The moment
one mentions equal duties and obligations they
fall back on sex and demand a continuance of
Immunity.
Tho "accident of birth" has mado woman
immune from numberless onerous civic duties
to which men aro liable; It has thrown about
her all kinds of safeguards and endowed her
with many special privileges. It has relieved
her from fundamental obligations, from Jury
duty, from military service, from legal liabili
ties almost too numerous to mention. And all
this has come about through that chlvalrlo Im
pulse In men, at which the average suffragist
Is prone to sneer.
How about the "accident of birth" In this
connection? If you are going to base your argu
ment on the familiar plea of "equality," you
are logically bound to face the music. If you
do, you will find equality a two-edged sword.
You cannot say "there Is no sex In citizenship"
when you speak of privilege, and then fall back
on sex when you speak of obligation. The
average suffragette always does this, but the
Evenino LEDOEn can't afford to. Its logical
sense must revolt.
FRANCIS HOWARD WILLIAMS.
Philadelphia, March 4,
THE OLD FIGHT OVER AGAIN
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger;
Sir The writer has visited the Chambers of
Common Council twice only. The first time in
the year of 1905, when the Gas Steal was halted,
and again yesterday, when the Costello-Seger-p.
R. T, bill was Jammed through. The same
spirit of revolt was in the corridors and galler
ies as In 1905,
A great number of the same men, who have
stood Bhoulder to shoulder for better things
In Philadelphia, were present. Four things im
pressed me. First, the calm, determined, light
ing qualities of Robert Denning Drlppa, tho
member from Oermantown, who was more than
a match for tho whole bunch of wrong-doers;
second, the cowed, apprehensive attitude of
those Councllmen, who knew they were wrong,
but still willing to serve our Invisible govern
ment; third, the fair-minded, good-natured
rulings of George McCurdy, tho president of
the Chamber; fourth, the mistaken zeal of Mr.
Connelly, of the Finance Committee.
The issue Is sound, the enemies are In the
open, the same spirit that defeated the Gas
Steal will uphold A. Merrltt Taylor, and Phlla
delphla will have high-speed, real rapid transit,
with a straight five-cent fare from one end of
the town io me otner.
RYERSON W. JENNINGS.
Philadelphia, March 6, 1315.
K5w.'V... Ir Simzc... lajP "' ,,' f
- s-rr- '.rvN.iUk. !- isahL f i .at' ixp 'j xm
WHIWHIWWWMIIU'I uw
, . .". , "WHAT'S THE USE!" , -
s-jrWBinra&Eii ,-i . --r j j. .r- sr .,- y
4?:- ..- ,.,'' ... ,..- .jf.i'-A.-',
THE epic of tho Dardanelles began in tho
mythological ages and Is not ended. Much
of tho world's history has passed either
through or across tho winding strait which
separates Europo and Asia and yet seems to
form a. connection between them. If only
the earlier name of this water-strip wero of
Latin derivation, then with classical author
ity wo might call tho Dardanelles n bridge,
but tho Hellespont was Greek for Hello's Sea.
Nevertheless, not only great armies but
whole civilizations havo crossed the Hellcs
pontlno Channel. Far-reaching racial move
ments nnd conflicts, beforo history emerged
from tho vagueness of tho remote past, con
centred or touched at this point. Since then
heroic records havo thero been written of
vast enterprises, somo that succeeded and
somo that failed, for tho making and unmak
ing of nations, tho building and destruction
of empires, tho conquest of continents.
Hardly anywhere else has geography more
Importantly made history. The place Is as
sociated with tho Argonautlc legend which
commemorates tho first great marltimo un
dertaking of ancient times; with the Trojan
War nnd tho ancestry of tho Romans
(through Dardanus, whoso namo appears in
that of the Dardanelles) ; with tho long strug
gle between Greeco and Persia, each for self
preservation and world supremacy; with sig
nificant commercial events and conditions In
tho Mlddlo Ages.
The Destinies of Nations
Neaiing tho modern ago we find the Otto
man Turks, In tho latter half of tho 14th
century, crossing tho brldgo betweon tho con
tinents and establishing themselves In Eu
ropo. By 1500 tholr emplro covered tho wholo
Balkan peninsula, and extended north be
yond tho Danube Tho fall of Constantinople
In 1453 marked tho end of tho Roman Em
plro of tho East. Tho fleet of Mohammed II.
prior to tho actual siege, occupied the whole
channel between tho Aegean and the Bos
porus, and transferred land forces, with pro
visions and military stores, from the Aplatlc
bases to European soil. It was that year
that the Janizaries won their first fame in
Europo. Since tho invasion tho diminishing
Turkish Empire has been a prolific source of
International plots, Jealousies and wars, lt3
disposition constituting tho troublesome
"Eastern Question," which has not yet been
downed. Russia's designs on Constantinople,
from tho tlmo of Catherine the Great, havo
hardly been tho least productive cause of
squabbles among tho nations of Europe.
With tho gateway from tho Mediterranean
to tho Black Sea In the control of tho Turks
tha nations of "Western and Central Europe
In tho 16th and 16th centuries found tho last
of their accustomed trade routes to tho
Orient virtually closed to tholr merchant
ships. A new Impetus was given to explora
tion in tho necessity of finding non-Mediterranean
routes. Diaz, Vasco da Gama nnd
Columbus spread their sails. A revolution
was wrought in the economic conditions of
the world. Commerco ceased to bo Mediter
ranean and became oceanic. It was a greater
treasure house of trade that tho Turks had
locked against the "West by their capture of
Constantinople. Tho golden fleece of Colchis,
very likely, represented tho spoils of the East
in the early periods of commercial enter
prise, and the very name of the beautiful
curved harbor of Constantinople, "tho Golden
Horn," suggests tho fact that the city was
the centre of tho world's commerce during
the Middle Ages.
American Warship tho First Through
The Turks were not long In fortifying the
Dardanelles, and In recent decades It has
ranked among tho strongest of military
strongholds. The 40-mlle meandering course
of the channel, cutting a rocky tableland a
thousand feet high, conspires to make Its
passage a formidable undertaking to unwel
come forces.
The American frigate George "Washington
was the first war vessel to defy the line of
forts, Tho exploit bears date of 1800. Cap
tain William Balnbrldge. after service in
Tripoli, sailed Into the Dardanelles with a
party of Trlpolllan envoys on a mission to
the Sublime Porte. His ship was halted at
tha first fort euardlnir thn tnlnniu tn tha
strait. The Turks demanded passports, but
Captain Bainbridge had none. The United
.--
''. .
.-O-' ..-
e " "
THE EPIC OF THE DARDANELLES
Where the French and English Fleet Is Fighting Its Way Towari
the Golden Horn, the Destinies of Nations, Empires, Even
Continents, Have .Been Turned in New Directions.
By RAYMOND G. FULLER. J
States, moreover, was then hardly knot)
Turkey, Balnbrldge, having no desire to vfi
sovcral months for passports, decided oat!
ruso. v V
So ho started to salute with tho firing &
cannon, ns if ho wore going to obey tt?
Turkish order. As soon as tho fort begu
Its reply Balnbrldgo quickly made via!
again, his ship hlddon by tho smoke, tti
when tho Turks next caught sight ot tbi
Gcorgo Washington it wns running Into ill
Sea of Marmora. Tho shore guns wer t!
stationary, and tho Stars and Stripes lif
passed beyond tho anglo of fire. CapliJi
Balnbrldgo dropped anchor In the "GoHtf
Horn," and when Officials sent out a loil
nnd Inquired whence ho came he replied
"From tho New World" unless that answer
Is ono of thoso numerous fables of hlstori
which haven't yot been punctured by thi
higher criticism. Anyway, tho Turks g
tho American commander a royal welcome!)
Constantinople. '
Tho Irrepressible "Eastern Question" '
In 1S07 tho British admiral. Sir J. T. Duck;
worth, In tho Koyal Georgo, made his wij
through to tho Sea of Marmora It was the
time, of course, of tho Napoleonic wars, ul
tho admiral had been sent to watch W
movements of tho Turks. Ho had a hanfer
tlmo getting bnck through tho Dardanelles
than in first forcing the passage, because le
had been held In play by the Turkish diplo-'
matlsts nnd Napoleon's ambassador, Gen
eral Sebastian!, and tho forts had ItV
strengthened In tho meantime. '
In tho Crimean War a combined Freeh'
and English fleet made tho trip on terai
unllko thoso confronting tho present JolttB
undertaking, as Franco and England weil
then united with Turkey to oppose Ri
sias ndvanco toward Constantinople.
llttlo moro than two decades later a BrllW
fleet went through without opposition, thonri
without permission. Tho Christian subject!"
of tho Sultan In tho Danubo Valley had re
volted, and the Turks had started In to rt'
press the Insurrection with barbarous crtw
ties. Russia saw nn opportunity of aggrtB
dlzemont at tho expenso of Turkey, and i,
dared war. Tho Western Powers were m
-so disinclined to Interfere ns Czar Ak
andor had hoped, and Great Britain, unwtfc
Ing to see Constantinople fall to the Rofl
slans. sent a fleet to kcop a watchful eye 55
operations. Lord Bcaconsfield protested
against the treaty arranged between i
Sultan and tho Czar, and by tho medlatlos
of Bismarck a congress of tho Powers $
called the famous Congress of Berlin, wbtt
dealt with "tho Eastern Question" wltkol
bringing it nearer settlement than It was tj
fore, as subsequent events havo Bhown. T&J
International "Question" is written all oTffl
the origins of the present European conJJSJ
Constantinople mdy bo taken by the XSm
nnd the laBt remnant of tho Turkish Emp!
in Europo may be tossed back into Asia,
tho hydra-headed "Eastern Question" will
havo been so easily vanquished.
THE SERVICE
I Was tha third mnn ninnlnc- In n rftrfl.
And memory still must run it o'er and o'ej
The pounding heart that beat agaMS
frame; f
The wind that dried the sweat nnon my f&C3
And turned my throat to paper creased a
sore; IS
The Jabbing pain that sharply went J
came.
My eyes saw nothing save a strip of road
Thnt flannfuH thrA KntnH iha .ond R
It swam and blurred, yet still It lay t'8
iy legs seemea none or mine, em ruj
strode
Unconscious of my will that urged,
can!"
And cried at them to make one effort i
Then suddenly there broke a wave of sH
Crowds shouttiiB when the first man "
thn tana:
And then the second roused tht fn
din:
Whlln I T stumhlerl fnrwnrrt and tl6 grC
All wavered 'neath my feet, while me g
But silent, saw me as 1 etaggerea m
As slek In heart and flesh I bent; iv.v h
Two seized me and embraced ns "
eirterl.
"Your thudding footstep held ne t
grind."
And tnao the winner, smiin - j
"No dream of records kei.i ,, . ,
I dreaded you two thu , ,
BurgM ja ,
(
v.
')