EVENING LIUDGEB PHILADELPHIA. THtTBBDAY, tf EBB START 18, lolfo 1 frUi Item iM,m 1 1 mmitmmm1tiammmmimimi" , .. ,m,r. iw.ii.. , -- - Stitttittg & &it?r PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY cxiula it. & ounTfs, rnT. fchattwi II LuiHnston vie President John Oi Martin, PteereUry and Trneurer Philip 6. Colllnt, John D William, Plrretat . KDITOniAti BOAItD t Cto If. It, Cctiu, Chairman. r. It. TntAtttf.......... ......... Executive Editor f T i - -- - I .... .. - lOKlf 6. MAnTIN... .General Business Mntr Published dally at Pcbuo Limii Bulldlnc, ' Independence Square, Philadelphia. Lxpoxn CKNTKibt ......... .Broad and Chestnut streets ATtiKTW Cur. Pre-Union BulMlnv Nt Tone ...k.. ........ 170-A, Metropolitan Tower Cinoioo.... .BIT Items Insurance Bulldlns; LonDOfr. ....... ..8 Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, B. Vf. NEWSBUItEAUS! tfjirriiseM Bnaito .............The ralrlot Dulldlnr WiSHiNOTov iminu.. The Post DulMlnt N Tonic HcmD .......The Timet Dulldlnf Biujm Scmxu 60 Frleilrlchitrte tiONDOM Hdhiio. ............2 Pall Mall East, 8. W, liu BsaxAB.it. ....32 Bus Louis 1 Grand sunscninioN teilms Br carrier, Dili r CWtT, six cents. By mall, postpaid Cwulda ot Philadelphia, except where forelrn postace is required, DilLi Ovli, one month, twenty-five cents: tuu.T ONLt, one year, three dollars. All mall sub scriptions payable In advance BELL, 3000 WALNUT KEYSTOME, MAIN 3000 i aW JidJms all communication! to Evening Ledger, Independence Square, Philadelphia. niisio at tab ruiLADXtruiA posTOrrtci as icons- CUSS MAIL MATTER. PHILADELPHIA, TIltlltSUAY, lEuntlAUV 10, 1915. That man h o good general who can compiand himself. San Francisco Is Ready for Her Guests GUESTS from all parts of tho world tire arriving In San Francisco on every train In order to bo presettt at tlio formal opening of tlio Panania-t'aclllc Fair nest Saturday. Tho event Itself promises to bo a most noteworthy ceremony. Foreign delegates nro already present In sufllclcnt numbers to In Ruro the success of tho brilliant parado of 200,000 visitors to tho grounds. Franklin K. Lane, tho Secretary of tho Interior, -will rep resent tho President In tho ceremonies, but Mr. "Wilson himself will prosa tho button In Washington which will start tho ma chinery in motion. This exhibition Is ono of tho most elaborate ever planned. Tho men In charge have suc ceeded In completing all tlfo great structures which are to houso tho exhibits, and llttlo remains to be dono by private concession aires. It might havo been n different exhibi tion If war in Europe had not lntorfcred with tho plans of somo of the foreign nations, but tho world Is so big and Its interests aro so varied that not even a continent In arms can prevent tho arrangement of a Splendid Industrial show. And tho managers of tho fair liavo gono ahead with their plans confident that the flood of travel this yenr will bo westward and not eastward. Tho Americans who usually spend tho summer in Europe will go west this year and learn something of their own country. Thoy will doubtless find their Imagination stirred by tho vision of tho Far East which will confront them as they look through the Golden Gate, and tho vast Hold for American energy and enterprise which there spreads Itself out. And they will also see in imagination tho Panama Canal filled with tho shipping of tho world bound for American ports on tho coast of both oceans. Every Easterner who can get so far from home this summer should make tho educa tional trip across tho continent. Champ Clark at tho Chariot Wheel CHAMP CLARK deserves more from tho White Houso than tho Whfto House de serves from tho Missourian. Ho haa boon co-operating with tho President in tho work of Jamming tho shlp-purchaso bill through the House, and has dono his work so effec tively that tho comproralso bill was sent to tho Scnato on schedules time. The submission of tho Speaker to the Pres ident illustrates once more tho remarkable driving power of Woodrow Wilson. There 13 something about that sharp face with its lean Jaws which Beems to hypnotize opposi tion within his own party, and to compel full grown men to surrender not only their Wills but their Intelligence to tho Judgmont and the direction of tho mind which Is dom inating everything in Washington nowadays. Mr. Clark has already been selected by tho party caucus to succeed himself in the Speaker's chair In tho next Congress, so that all arrangements aro mado for a continuance of tho pleasant custom of delaying action at one end of Pennsylvania avenuo until orders aro received from tho other end. Not the Way to Allay Industrial Unrest AS THE days go by the publio is acquiring .sufficient knowledge of tho intellectual temper of Frank p. Walsh, chairman of the United States Commission on Industrial Re lations, to enable it to give duo weight to the report of tho commission when It appears, Mr. WolSh haa mado several publio ad dresses this winter in which ho has advo cated tho wildest form of Socialism, and he was credited on Tuesday with charging John D. Rockefeller, Jr., with making statements at the hearing In New Tork, which, on Wednesday Mr, Rockefeller spoclflcally de nied. Mr. Rockefeller not only says that he did not testify that the funds of tho Rocke feller Foundation could bo used for strike breaking, but that no question leading to such an answer was put to him. Of course, the newspapers may have mis quoted Mr. Walsh, but that gentleman has mado so many rash statements' that the pre sumption Is in favor of tho accuracy of tho reported interview with him. If he can quote the atenographlo report of the hear ing' to substantiate his remarks intended to inflame the labor organizations of the coun try'agalnst the Rockefeller Foundation, he will escape unanimous eleotlon to the Ananias Club. We know what htrf personal opinions are. It is desirable to know now whether he is capable of meeting an issue squarely when It la put up to him. Do the Printers Want This Law? WyiW the contract for printing the May or's message was awarded last year to ' printers outside, of the State it was not be came the city administration was opposed t-9 jfciviBg work to local printers. Every pub. Ub pfttcer la interested in providing work for the people, who elected him. But if he U faithful to his trust he is opposed to robbing tha majority for the benefit of a few. TJie proposition to forbid any publio offi cial to award printing contracts, outside of tk Stats and to forbid any one but residents of tba State to work on public, printing is umwtlvorf in a narrow spirit of rovenge. The 1UwM Wr$ Interfiled in the conservation of it UmJ 'tiB in fostering any local print ttt mux - to Harrlsburg or la Fhiladel i uS wUj.1 woa be the effect of pro i i-ribtera iH.ng in Caffldett from earn- t i s ntie' We might as welt poo a. i ..; ,$ an eitlatta ef .New Jry from doing business in this city as to handi cap all employing printers hero by making it a misdemeanor for them to uso expert workmen on public documonts who have found the living conditions across tho Dela ware bo favorable that they havo bought homes there. If Pennsylvania Job printers cannot com pote with printers anywhero thoy ought not to confess it by Rooking to build a wall around the Ota to to protect themselves. Tho German Right to Use Submarines GERMANY has reached tho point where sho "no longor has sufficient food to feed her people," according to Admiral Behncko. Tho ships of tho Allies' liavo drawn n, ring about hor, which presses harder and harder upon her vitality. Tho futility and clangor ot sensational falds Blmllar to that at Bear borough havo been demonstrated. Tho In feriority of tho German battlo fleet renders ImpoBsIblo tho keeping open to gcncrnl trndo of oven ono port Thero remains to tho Kai ser, therefore but ono resource, and that Is tho employment of submarines in the difficult and hazardous enterprise of cutting England off from hor supplies, thus striking at tho heart ot tho Allies, and exposing them in somo wlso to tho weakening process which, in tho caso of tho Fatherland, after six months, threatens to sap Its vigor and de moralize Its land forces. Thero can bo no Just complaint that Ger many should utltlzo to tho fullest its subma rlno power. It Is ldlo to attempt to limit a nation to a procedure formulated beforo sub marines woro practicable) and based on con ditions which modern Invention has entirely overturned. No nation, fighting for Its ex istence, whether in tho right or wrong, would fall to employ Its full resources In tho conflict. Should a British submarlno, for Instance, alone stand to prevent the delivery of n cargo of copper to Germany, it would sink tho ship bearing that cargo. Tho exi gency of tho caso would require it. So the use of Gorman submarines to lrfolate Eng land is defensible. It is part of England's task to meet thla now implement of naval warfare and cheokmato it. Control of tho oeoa means real control of the boos, not con trol by teohnical interpretation of Vague law. It was not fair combat when tho armorod Mcrrimao fought wooden ships, but nono questioned tho right of the Confederacy to uso tho Merrlmac. When projudlco haa cooled It is likely that tho omploymont of submarines by Germany to torrorize and de stroy British merchantmen will be accepted ns a legitimate and defensible war measure. But tho wanton destruction of neutral Bhlps is another matter. Thlri Government docs not recognize tho right of any belligerents to monopolizo tho seven seas and Interrupt all commerco thereon. Tho oceans belong to all nations alike. No one Power can fonce them into zones and warn .U others out. Wo havo rights to bo maintained and privileges to bo conserved. Tho protection of our citi zens and our ships Is ono of tho Government's first duties. It has notified Borlln of our vlow and purpose. Of what advantage will it bo to the Kaiser to violate a single Ameri can ship, If ho thereby forfeits absolutely any chance of obtaining from tho ono possible source of supply any goods whatovor? To arouse the hostility of this nation would be to render tho British blockado absolutely effective, though not a British ship stood off tho German coast. It would bo to assure success for tho Allies and overwhelming de feat for Germnny. There must be soma sound counsel left In Berlin. It there is, not ono American vessel will bo sunk wantonly by German submarines. Prosperity In a Circle SECRETARY OF LABOR WILSON has a plan for wiping out unemployment. "Put thn inhlp.q.q to work." ho says, "on land reclamation. Government buildings and river and harbor Improvements. Let Federal, State and municipal authorities do tho same, and thero will be work all the year round for those who want it." Goodl It is a splendid time for tho be ginning of great publio enterprises that would be undertaken anyhow. But this Idea of a paternal Government that will always furnish work and wages for tho peoplo Is decidedly awkward. No peoplo over got rich by taking money out of ono pocket and put ting it into another. Thero can never bo any permanent prosperity achieved by piling on taxes for the purpose of doling them back to the people as wages. That, nevertheless, is the principle on which .many of our states men base their conclusions. They aro con vinced that business is something to be whacked and government something to bo fed with pap. The sooner Washington understands that there will always be unemployment unless business Is encouraged Instead of discour aged tho sooner the country will be back on a bread-and-butter Instead of a soup diet. Death Made In America AMERICANS must take a curiously uncer . tain satisfaction in the report from Ger many that the American shells used by tho French armies are superior to the shells of French manufacture. Four out of every flvo wounds inflicted in a certain area were by American-made shells, and the Germans re port that 80 per cent, of the American sheila exploded, while only 9 per cent, of those made in France did the worlc expected of them. While we are selling death-dealing ma chinery wholesale, it la some satisfaction to our manufacturers, as Mephlstopheles would say, to know that the goods aro np to speoi flcatlons. Beauty used to be skin deep until art got busy. Marine life on tha English Channel seems to be lust one submarine after another. It Is a little annoying, too, to havo Phtla- delphl&'a next Mayor chosen in Florida. The law saya he should be selected in Philadelphia. The compensation law in Massachusetts has proved to be a great success. Bo will the one to be enacted in Pennsylvania, If It la not butchered. Bo far aa South Carolina la concerned, the penitentiary is Oiling up again. Many of the pardoned convicts could not get rid of their habit of facing juries. There la some reason to believe that local option will not tako up much of the time of Senators Vara and McNlchol during tha Flor ida trip. There are so many things to be disposed of. r"" ' ' ' w Every naval facer's heart the world over goes out to the captain of the Bluecher, who ha Just died In Edinburgh from pneumonia Induced by exposure following the destruc tion of bis phip by the British. Thla Ger man officer would have preferred to so down 1Mb, bl vest PROFESSOR TAFT FOR PRESIDENT? Ho Isn't a Candidate Yet, But Thcro's Talk of Getting Him Back Into Politics It is Hinted That Mr. Wilson Has Cause to Worry. By J. 0. HEMPHILL WILL Mr. Taft bo tlio candldato of the Republican party for Presfdcnt next year? Not if Colonel Roosovclt can help it', but thero Is no doubt that tho regulars are warming up to tho professor, and that there Is serious talk ntuong sertous-mlndod men of bringing him back into politics. Mr. Taft is in no sense behind tho movement. Ho has had enough. Ho Is quite hnppy in his pres ent employments, and Is ebntent to rest hie reputation for eminent publio service faith fully performed upon tho record. He needs no "vindication" -this being the keynote of tho campaign upon which tho promoters, It Is said, Intend to work out tholr plans; and thero will havo to bo some bettor plea than this to obtain his consent, Ho Is not a. can didate. Ho has no wish to get back on the firing lino. Ho will talk about men In tho Republican ranks who havo been suggested as nvallablo candidates, Hughes and Burton and Hcrrlck and Whitman and Borah, for all of whom ho has respect, and express his views freely ns to their respcctlvo strength and qualifications; but ho is absorbed in his present work, and will say frankly that ho la not hunting for trouble Tlioro is no doubt, howovor, that thero aro sovoral million Re publican voters who aro sorry that they did not voto for him In 1912, and the fnrther they go tho sorrier they got. Tho Democratic candldato next year will bo Woodrow Wilson. Thero is no other Dem ocrat In sight, and tho crowd who likes a fight would rojolco to seo Wilson and Taft pitted against each other on "a free field and no favors." Mr. Rooscvolt defeated Mr. Taft in 1912, If he would go to South America or Mexico now and stay thero until after tho campaign and election next year he might mako himself avallablo for 1820; but nobody believes that ho could mako It this tlmo. Taft's Record of Accomplishment Mr. Taft need not worry. In his retire ment from public olllco ho has Impressed tho wholo jountry by hlo manly conduct. As I said In an nrtlclo contributed to, Harper's Weekly when the fight was on in tho Repub lican party threo years ngo: "Strength, courago, decency, respect for law and order, sanity, havo been tho distinguishing marks of his great administration. Ho has vio lated no personal confidences, he has sought no unfair advantages, ho has not trimmed his sails to catch any shifty wind that has blown; ho has kept his head In all tho storm of lies that has beaten about him, soreno in tho consciousness of having dono his best." Peoplo aro beginning to talk about what Taft did when ho was President, and in view of tho movement to bring him back into ac tive politics it will bo Interesting to noto a few of tho things accomplished when ho was In tho Whito Houso: Tho conviction of the Sugar Trust. Tho dissolution of the Standard Oil and Tobacco Trusts. Tho Indictment of tho Whisky, Lumber and Beef Trusts. The building of tho Panama Canal. Tho reorganization of tho business of the country at tho custom houses and tho re covery of millions of dollars of unpaid duties. Tho establishment of a Bureau of Mines for tho protection of thoso engaged In peril ous work. Tho adoption by tho railroads of safety ap pliances for tho benefit of the men engaged In this dangerous calling. The establishment of the postal savings banlo. Tho removal of tho Census Bureau from politics. The wise conservation of our national re sources. Tho extension of the civil service of the Government. Tho creation of tho Court of Commerce for tho more speedy and Just settlement of ques tions between tho shippers and the trans portation lines. Tho opening of China to the employment of American capital on equal terms with the rest of the world. Tho taking of Judicial appointments out of politics. Tho passage of the reciprocity treaty with Canada. Tho avoidance of entangling alliances with any of tho nations. Tho establishment of oommerclal relations with the South nnd Central American coun tries. Tho list of Mr. Taft's achievements could bo extended greatly; but these Items will show that he was faithful to his trust, and all that ho did was done with the idea ever uppermost in his thoughts that he was President of tho wholo country and not the leader of any political party. It is a great record, and It is not to be wondered at that thero should be a desire on the part of many of the thoughtful men of his party for his return to tho White House. If it could be so arranged that the next race for President should bo made between Mr, Wilson, and Mr. Taft without interfer ence from other good men who think they could "do the Job" better than either of them, and a series, of Joint debates rould be scheduled for the campaign, the people would all get the worth of their money. That would be a "sporting event" worth while, Indeed. Both are good speakers Mr, Taft once said: "I think Mr. Wilson is the best speaker I have oyer beard"; but that was before he waa a candidate for President, and Mr. Wil son would probably say that Mr. Taft is a mighty fine fellow. Neither thinks, possibly, that the other could be elected) but that would only add to the Interest of a straight out light between them. If Hughes Should Run A wise political worker from New York, who has made a high reputation as a prophet, said when he was In Washington several weeks ago! "No candidate of either or any party can be elected without the vote ot New York State. Justice Hughes could carry New York by at least 250,000 majority, Mr, Wilson carried the Statel in 1913 by a plurality of 200,017, but he failed by 181,974 yotea to receive a majority. If Justice Hughes would consent to Btand for Presi dent he would change the Wilson plurality J into a uepuoucan majority." If he could be assured or anything like the solid Republican support Mr. Taft would be able to do tha same thing. If the Republi cans in Congress had not made thenjaolvea responsible for some at least ot the achieve ments or the present Administration they would have a better chance of going to the countiy with any candidate they might ebos Many of thua rrow dltfereat mM TO THE DEATH iiSsssssBMssii.i inS"iri'ryrTrlrii,rii,iT, rrm if vmIbssW'i1!Imh , , ,, - ---isMiilrji'iiiMgrwTOBiBsVlTiistirffflTrt?fltfftHByfl tssssM!aWBjMKflaraaiKwas4& ilissssssF5SSS58;?8i!ff'" ffliBlMiSwW4t?W)w3rS SHMl'25WI?E?,vW?iH4 gg&a8irgr;r rwe$y&5fifl22S of the country within tho last fow days have said that Mr. Taft Is their best chance. Will Taft bo a candldato? Not unless ho can bo assured of tlio practically united sup port of his party. Will Mr. Wilson bo a can didate? Ho will havo to be. There is no other man in sight. COOKS WITH IRON CROSSES They've Earned It Under Firo for 100 Per Cent. Bravery. "mHEKE Isn't anything heroic about X cooks," writes Herbert Corey to the Now York Globe, "and when things go wrong ono cither apprehends a cook as chasing n waiter with a brcad-knifo or giving way to tears." Yet tho Gorman army contains many a cook whoso oxpanslvo apron is decorated with tho Iron Cross. "And tho Iron Cross," Mr. Corey reminds us, "Is conferred for ono thing only for 100 per cent, courage." Tho writer tells an interesting talo: " 'They'vo earned it, said the man who had seen them. 'They aro tho bravest men In tho Kai3er'a four millions. I'vo seen generals saluto greasy, paunchy, sour-looking army cooks.' "Tho cook's Job Is to feed tho men of his company. Each German company is fol lowed or preceded by a ficld-kltchen on wheels. Sometimes tho fires nro kept going whllo tho devico trundles along. Tho cook Btands on tho footboards and thumps his bread. Ho Is always tho first man up In tho morning and tho last to sleep at night. The Touton believes In plenty of food of a sort. A well-fed soldier will fight. A hungry one may not. '"When tho company gets Into camp at night,' said tho man who knows, 'tho cook ia thero beforo it, swearing at his flrea and tho second cook, and turning out quantities of a depressing-looking eal stow, which Is, nev ertheless, very good to eat.' "When that company goes Into tho trenches tho cook stays behind. Thero Is no placo for a fleld-kltchen In a four-foot trench. But these men in tho trench must bo fed. Tho Teuton insists that nil soldiers must bo fed but especially tho mon in a trench. Tho others may go hungry, but these must havo tight bolts. Upon their staying power may depend the safety of an army. "So, as the company cannot go to tho cook, tho cook goes to tho company. When meal-hour comes ho puts a yoke on his shoulders and a cook's cap on his head and, warning tho second cook as to what will happen If he lets the flrea go out, puts a bucketful of hot veal stow on either end of the yoko and goes to his men. Maybe the trench is under fire. No matter. His men are in that trench and must bo fed. "Sometimes tho second cook gets his step right here. Sometimes tho apprentice cook tho dish-washer la summoned to pick up tho cook's yoke and refill tho spilled buckets and tramp steadily forward to tho line. Sometimes tho supply of assistant cooks, even, runs short. But tho men in tho trenches always get their food. '"That's why so many cooks in the Ger man army havo Iron Crosses dangling from their breasts,' said the man who knows. 'No braver men ever lived. The 'man In the trench can duck his head and light his pipe and be relatively safe. No fat cook yoked to two buckets of veal stew ever can bo safe aa he marches down tho trench under n. But he always marches. His men aro always fed, and fed on time. The hero of the German campaign la tho fat cook of tho fleld-kltchen.' " THE RUBAIYAT OP A BOY I wonder why it Is I fl so queer And everything stands so close like, and clear! The woods that used to seem so far away Last winter, nose right up to ma and sayi "Come on and play, for spring Is surely here!" "I'm sort of creepy all along- my spine. And when the hlueblrd warbles on the line I want to yell, and kick up in tho air And go and bo an Injun chief somewhere I sometimes think I'll bust, I feel' so fine. I heard a meadow lark this morning and I knew Just by his voice he'd understand What make me want to stand upon my head. And plant some morning glories by the shed. And organize a bold highwayman's band. But mother doesn't seem to know at all. For when I try to sneak out through the hall Sho says. "Put on your coat and overshoes I" And thin I kind think I have the blues And wl'lil that I was only big and tall. I dpn't see why school keeps on any more, For when I look out throuKh thn rw.n rfnn y And see the lilacs all about; to blow, Ana everyuuny so oneni ana green. I know I don't know even what I learned before. X found last week a yellow violet Down in a sheltered place all shiny wet, With lltts dabs of unihlne now and then I won't tall whirs, but when Z go again! There'll be a rog'lar flock of them, I bet I The teacher says we'll have a "nature" clais And go out hunting flowers in the grass! As 11 1 didn't know what that would hal A 1st of gh-Ui a-stumbUng aftsr me And scarlns every ilvipf thing they paasi ! CJaolfcnilt CeamisrsUl TtibsLss, VhBKSBSS!" Half a Hundred Species Spend the Winder in Philadelphia They Eespond Eeadily to a Welcome to Our Dooryards. By WITMER STONE, Sc. D. Curator ot'ths Academy of Natural Sciences. THE study of wild birds is probably at no tlmo moio fascinating than in midwinter. Thoy aro fewer both in species and Individuals than at other seasons, so that tho adding of another kind to our list glvc3 us much greater satisfaction than when birds aro singing in every thicket in spring ."Jid summer. Birds, however, aro by no means so scarco In winter as tho casual observer would sup pose Tho records show that in a circle of 10 mllo radius about Philadelphia no fewer than 65 species regularly spend tho winter; whllo ono year or another C3 additional kinds havo been seen within this area, Somo of these are, of course, raro or local and as It Is impossible to cover all parts of, this clrclo In a slnglo day, not nearly all of tho species present within its limits can bo observed on a day's tramp. Bird Walks It has become quite a fad among amateur ornithologists to tako a bird walk on Christ mas Day In order to ascertain what blrd3 may bo seen, and tho average number recorded on such occasions during tho last 10 years in this vicinity is about 25, although on tho New Jersey sldo of tho Delaware, where win ter birds find more congenial shelter, sev eral competent observers working together were ablo to record 41 and 42 species, respect ively, on Christmas, 1912 and 1913. Tho crow la probably tho most generally distributed winter bird, nnd may bo seen In tho evening In all sorts of weather, winging its way In long lines to its roosting places near Salem, N. J.; nt King of Prussia and near Doylestown. Tho gulls, tho most con spicuous featuro of winter bird llfo on tho river, are tho herring gulls. Along the river meadows, ast well ns in swamps and meadows inland, thero aro, throughout the winter, flocks of various birds of tho sparrow tribe, several species being frequently mixed together. Conspicuous among these aro tho slato-gray snowbird, with thin white breasts and conspicuous white tall feathers, tho speckled-breasted song sparrows and tho rusty-capped tree sparrows, with the single dark spot on the middle of tho breast. Small flocks of goldfinches nro not uncom mon, now in nn olive brown livery, but still characterized by tho black wings, undulating flight and canary-like call. In tho thickets or edgo of the woods we are likely to find flocks of white-throated spar rows, the "Peabody birds" of the north; big plump follows with a whlto throat and white crown strlpo. Tea-kettlo! Tea-kettle! Tea-kettlel Under the overhanging bank of a stream, a diminutive winter wren will bo playing hide and seek with you, dodging In and out among the roots or from a thicket; his largor rusty coated cousin, the Carolina wren, will break the silence with his loud "Tea-kettle, lea-kettle, tea-kettlel" In the tree tops a wandering hand of llttlo birds pass along scouring trunk, limbs and twigs for concealed cocoons or hibernating insects. The speckled, black and white, downy woodpecker hammers on the dead branches while the brown creeper; mottled like the bark over which he climbs, is mounting, spir ally, up the main trunk, creeping like a mouse. Meeting him midway, we may see a white-breasted nuthatch, with slate-blue back and black cap, who prefers to alight high up on the trunk and come down stub-tall In air and head toward the earth. Out on the slender twigs aro the chlokadee, tufted titmouse and golden-crowned knight a characteristic winter party, Tyrlan Purple The alder thickets along the tidewater creeks, especially on the Now Jersey side of the Delaware, harbor here and there a pair of cardinals, the brilliant red plumage of the male seeming strangely out of place amidst winter surroundings of bare branches and patches of ice and snow. Wilder woodlands may shelter a fevv noisy blue Jays, ever alert and screaming their disapproval at the ap proach of any intruder. A flock of purple finches may to come upon, perhaps, picking apart the, cone-like seed of the tulip trees, the females and young obscure brown birds with heavily streaked breasts, much the build ot an English sparrow, and In each flock a few old males looking as If they had been dipped in a pot of Tyrlan purple. While this waa the "purple" of olden times wn should now deseribe it as pink or carmine, gveri common soianer Wr3a ruaaia -with THE BIRDS OF CITY AND SUBURBS or us in varying numbers through the winter Meadow larks their yellow breasts veiltc with brownish flush from tho river mana? in compact flocks, feeding thero In the mos open ground and along tho water courses liii til tho return of spring makes it possible to' thorn to scatter back over tho uplands. 1 Purplo grackles- or "blackbirds," in smal number3 often remain in their autumn roosti a small garrison left by tho great herd thjt haa passed on to tho southward, and scatter ing ovory day over tho country; they furnfi a winter record of Interest. Robins and w'u" birds and an occasional flicker are found' io cally throughout tho winter months, snt these, with tho several species of hawks whld scour tho meadows for mlco, a fow owls an4r varying number of wild ducks on the river constitute tho bulk of tho regular winter al fauna of Philadelphia and vicinity. In ax'cep tlonal years or in tho wako of a great snow storm como flocks of horned larks, theSS raro snow buntings, or tho crossbills, pfe siskins and red-polls, but most of these ar. decided rarities. W Tho introduction of the English atari gives us another conspicuous winter bird though it is hero nlso, if less in evidence.' summer ns woll. Its black plumago recalls lit blackbird, but tho slighter spotting, the ilen der yellow bill, tho short tall and tfeculS; flight will ldontlfy it at onco. t Tho question uppermost in the minds? tho host of bird lovers, which the wlcjjo tho Audubon Societies haa developed,fS "TTn, ,... ... .. i ... iij . i :!?. ..-.ft im ,vu utkiuui. uio uirua una tuutnui their numbers about our homes?'' 9 Keeping tho Neighbors' Cats AwayJ Tho main points are to provide morose less native thickets in your grounds -wheri birds will find natural shelter, and where jj. the dead leaves and sticks will not be raiS up leaving tho ground baro and "dean." The? excludo tho oats tho worst enemies of rtjd bird life. The number of stray cats at law passes all belief, but when wo flnd'that lnnljij months in 1905 tho Society for Preventlonjo Cruelty to Animals in New Tork City pa't'on of existence no less than C3,r933 cats, we sft some idea of their abundance. Those ttEc care more for wild birds than blrdeaUjl cats, having no cats ot their own, may pr tect their grounds from visits from ncUS boring cats by fastening chloken-wlre toS,1 top of tho fence so that It stands about tj feet above the fence, leaving it free of am rigid supports. When a cat Jumps up earn wire It bends back with the animal's welsh and tho cat dropa oft on the same side t'd which It came. No cat likes to cllntbg anything that Is not stationary. Winter birds can be further attracted fastening pieces ot suet to tho trunks or UoAf of trees,' but the English sparrows often UJf possession of such food. They may be elim inated by melting suet and pouring It log a cocoatiut shell which has a large openlnon ono sldo, then suspending the cocoanut bj string or wire from a branch. The wild biw downy woodpeckers, nuthatches or chkjj adees will come readily to feed, but th fJ5j rows. like the cats, are susnlclous of a wij ing object and will not come near It, Fedjj shelves or boxes, protocted on top to off the enow, may be placed on posts loj grounds and supplied wjth grain, we other food, or similar shelves may be arri Just outside a window, by which means b ... . . .. ..- 1n may do nrougnt ciose 10 an opserm - the house. w There aro innumerable ways of ttrlSS birds, and now that the publlq is arous,edlJJ take an interest In the matter there tug reason why the decrease In various 'MsS and the absolute neirleet of Dreaervlns ce tlona necessary to bird life, shall a checked. Let everybody lend a hanai Culture r'llUtli'A IriAlra Kftvnnit tviAfhfnltrV. CUltUTO I hatredt culture has one great passlon-u! Inn fni- ivln,li nnrl llffllt. It liaS 0.10 S yet greater, the passion for making thU prevail. It is not satisfied tilt we ftU wS perfect man; it knows that the wetB,Hft lllrht nF th. fan iTtllllf- lu ImMrfOCt USD raw and unkindly masaea of buroanWi touched with sweetness and hght.-S Arnold. . MaWngr Frfenda ninftsAjl SM thAV Yvlifi linva tha Sift Of frlalidi. for it Is on of Odd s best gift volvea many things, but above all th Sf going out of one's self, acd ppr'',ro5i vr t nnlil. Ami Ibviy.. in afiQltlEl J IlUtfhU.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers