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CT4a Mirt.lAtTM.
jriiituU)BiriifA, rniDAn jawuakv i, 1913.
L, I ' ' ' '.I
ffljke on invpntori) of tlourielf today; you
, mav flnd tohu pour frienpa take nd
" ttocJc In pou.
Vision, of Hope,
$'
I stand upon the threshold of tho now
fitX-year my heart Is thrilling with Kratl-
Kiudeito God for his manifold blcssincs during
fctfiod year. Health, homo, food, raiment,
j, social iciiowsiups, opportunity ior
faMrylco to others, personal spiritual conquests
rtheso nro some of the gifts of God which
(.(iemand my profoundest gratitude.
jiv': Men. let mo call your attention to the fact
BjSjf i'that this has been a strategic .year In moral
gWAj prm. xno war upon pouiicai gran una
P'JgrSifters has been persistent. Tho day of
aksffta.,niltni!A "ItAaEi' viiIa fin andit In mnnt
S'Amorlcan municipalities. Men of charactor
ijwt in demand, for public ofllce. Steadily an
''.'(awakened nubile. sentiment IS choking to Its
fir'tldA&th thn ilnvtltFm rum hifatni.Rii.
lfMril'tf' kniu vmi nnlli. thnt thi, nhrtntlnn
Sjforces of the Hepubllo have secured a new
5- jajia-, conquering any in mp moiropoiitnn
'irpff'ssT Compare tho first .daily papers of
1.a-o. - Sen how sensational 'accounts of crime
S&Jj&lwVo been curtailed. Seo how .descriptions
EftvjOf 'domestic troubles and shocking recltalB of
fvperrional Immoralities are almost utterly cx-
.' eluded. Havo you noticed the attltudo of
m ttfrie'ndllnos3 toward church Hfo and cnter-
KlprtsestDo you appreciate the amount of space
stho' papers aro giving to religious move-
ffilme'ntsT Take, for oxample, tho space which
ihs been given for weeks In our Philadelphia
Si Vdailles to this coming campaign. I do not
Sif-jknow5 whether you, people realize what a
p. jp'owerful ally tho church has secured in tno
.dnlly paper, or whether you realize that, for
'literary character, moral fibre, Christian
jfef'tph'e and downright sympathetic helpfulness
rrlnpyery Christian enterprise, wo have hero
K'-XvK Philadelphia far and way tho best news-
papers to pe jounu in xno kcpuoup.
'.Jif anybody among- thes'o thousands is
gjomy and tast down and pessimistic ebn
cgrh'lng tomorrow, concerning tho better day
7ln tlfo political, economic, social, moral and
i'-, I spiritual Hfo of our city and of the world, I
ftpray they piay get a vision of hope, a vision
'of coming conqupsts. Ood pity the pessimis
tic souls who Btand In tho blazing light of
..this best day and atllL persist In their pessl-
ij&.'trniam, God raise up a mighty army of Chris-
tian opumiHis, peopm 01 uuo nu tuuiu6
and Holf-denlal, and helpfulness, and peron
5ilal hopefulness and of abundant good cheer:
people who will next year compel the vastest
moral victories of the ages. Bishop Berry at
the idedlcatlon of the Tabernacle.
Mince Pics in the Trenches
ON CHRISTMAS DAY some of the British
soldiers In Flanders carried a present of
mlnco pie to their foes in tho German
trenches, an act which was later reciprocated
.by, Teutonic courtesies. Similar exchanges
'of' hospitality havo been reported from
.GaUcla and other fields of action. Such
Incidents only go to show that warfare Is
Hjt" the' hostility of man to man. but an
Rffalr of natlonB, in which racial or ter
ritorial or imperialistic ambitions ore the
(precipitating causes. It Is Impossible for
tSien, to hate other men whom they have never
een. "Warfare is an artificial barbarity In
'wjijch the essential elements of humanity
"sure violated and outraged. Just In propor
tion, -an governments becptno humanized
avad democratized . do the chances of war
decrease; It Is the aristocracies, tho autoc
racies and the bureaucracies' that give oc
Vcfialon.for international strife. A referen
dum, on: whether a particular conflict should
be waged tnlght well lead to avoidance of
fwars.
Floods of Wisdom
aNOllANCEJ, If tt lingers among us, must
-k Op UlUtnS IU BUJUVUIUIH UCCI'CX 11U uum
ecura than bomb-proof shelters, "While
Europe Is trying to blow itself to pieces by
turning the energies of science to the work of
destruction, America is adapting the re-
-jfiarches of Its scientists to tho benefit of
ms.nlty through Innumerable channels. At
ens session of the American Association for
the Advancement of 0cience, held In Phlla-
'JpMa this wekA no less than U5 erudite
,-pJ9ra were read by well-known experts. All
W tfees Investigations, brought together and
, .asHred,, are building up a new synthesis by
whMh human life should be benefited. In
;im vr- pngipaj scieuunc rosearcnti
- GkBiAiiau. now leads the world and Is uuttinirM
3s rsr3. r ...!
.' -,Misj(n(i unrter an unnavable ohlle-aflnn
f TV"" . w .
f niir Treatment To and Frpm All
iallns that there wjil be & quick; and
k.fWeiifela settlement between Great Brlt-
rijp tne. wnuea estates rJ4tlv to the
t, our aUippins Is increasing. That
nw ye bn any doubt whatever
to friendly agrf ewsnt is rcmark-
4t 0 in the ftjstory pf the Re-
iae puwne usvouon ip peae, neen
ajf it now is. and only veits of
'MMg.. urdtntry clmrfteter julij
lftiAin M jwrfw?, We, haw
jtHUt urn to peubly pt, fair
y&asu. UimtmUr Th sxigwWI Of
';m -trswiatr tk jrttfces, dlnlenjatlo
of KuUoii to the breaking
owW be unwi t to taJnl
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opportunity by th forelock when It selected
A. period of excellent pood feeling, the Christ
mas .season, 'tot present It protest. Nor
should It be forgotten that thd straightfor
ward way In which the President handled
tha canal tolls affair Increased perceptibly
respect for and confidence In this" Govern
ment It makes It easier for the' British Cab
inct to handle tho present problem. , Our rietw
trai trade, as a. result, will bo freed from un
necessary ; aclnfre, and there should bo
greater security on the great trade routes.
The spirit of Americanism glows through
out the negotiations fnlr treatment to others
and fair treatment for ourselves.
Tho Nctv Ycnr
THE! New Tear enters upon a heritage
scarred with, dovastatlon and ruin. Halt
the world is in the beat of tho blood lust.
Humanity is staggering along In times so
stressful -that weaklings drop In multitudes
and strong men find tho turmoil almost bo
yomt their endurance, The Character of tho
raco is on the balances; civilization .and bar
barism aro engaged in a titanic contest,
and tho wnr god holds in his hands tho des
tinies of nations and peoples,
Amerlcn, tho melting pot, with its com
posite citizenry, alono of tho great Powers
retains Its equilibrium. The propaganda of
peace, ridiculed a few years ago, has been n
leaven of so great strongth that aversion to
wnr and devotion to peaceful pursuits havo
become our chief oharncterlstlo. Whatever
the difference which havo arisen between
oursolvcs and other nations, few seek to
settle them with tho sword. This giant de
mocracy, by tho very madness of other Gov
ernments, Is being elevated Into a guiding
star and tho final Instrument of arbitration.
It Is hero that tho Now Year must begin Its
ministry of healing and from America must
come the means af rehabilitation In the Old
World.
At homo we still face a period of Industrial
depression. But there is no crape on tho door
and It is not locked to opportunity. We are
not looking back. Our eyes aro to tho front.
The burden of responsibility Is not too heavy
for us. Wo carry It becauso wo must carry
It. Our best thought Is being devoted to tho
restoration of normal Industrial ..conditions.
Public sentiment has been soberp'd. Practi
cal men aro being looked to. Thoro Is a dis
tance to the nation's perspective before un
known. There Is a sobriety in Jts purposes
and Its plans which recalls tho darkest days
of tho Itopubllc. There Is tho old optimism,
the ancient faith In the permanence of our
Institutions, tho solidity of our Industrial
foundations. The battle for prosperity Is
subordinate to the' mightier struggle for
peace, albeit our charity, In tho hour of need
poured Into Europe, Is flowing, too, in goner
oue mensuro at home.
Philadelphia Is tho backbone of productive
Industry in America, and, therefore, at this
porlod', In the world. The conjunction of cir
cumstances, if nothing else, must soon set
the wheels to whirling. It is merely a ques
tion now of how long. It may bo this month
and It may be next; but tho revival of indus
try casts Its shadow before It, and the
auguries all point In one direction.. Tho very
psychology of the calendar means a new'fn
splratton, a renewed dedication of energy, at
this beginning of a period. The old is dono
with; It Is the new with which we are con
cerned. A great push forward, a mighty
effort In unison, a' restored determination, an
adaptation of law to progress, deflnlto pur
pose and courage these aro the thlngsl
The New Year Is loaded 'With opportunity,
for It comes Into a desert of hopes. Its days
will be great days In .human chronicles, Slay
it mark the end of an old era and the be
ginning of a new and bo a bridge to a long
period of substantial peace. Wo look to It
for the consummation of these things, not
desperately but hopefully.
More Lightheadedness
THE Government ship purchase scheme Is
as crude a proposal to tap tho public till
as has been given sanction In many years,
but there Is one objection to It being urged
which is even more unreasonable than the
enterprise Itself. t
Some timid souls havo pointed out that It
would bo extremely dangerous for tho United
States Government to purchase foreign mer
chantmen becauso belligerent battleships
might doubt the sincerity of the transfers to
the American flag, seize United States ships
thus purchased and treat them exactly as If
they were enomy bottoms. Wo take It that
England, Franco and every other nation
would give no voice to suspicions of this
character, If they had any. Purchase by tho
Government Itself of merchantmen would be
complete and conclusive proof of the sin
cerity and legality of the transactions.
There are too many real objections to Gov
ernment participation In the shipping busi
ness to bring forward so lame an argument
In opposition.
Hats off to 1915)
.Millions
uary 141
for transit! Remember Jan-
The news is full of victories; but few
defeats.
19161 A Job for evpry man who wants one
and every woman, tool
Tho unemployed could make the 150,000
last a week by putting it Into the soup.
The United States will make the manifests
all right if England does not bother the
cargoes.
When t cornea to raising money the Wel
lesjey alumnae make alumni In general re
semble a quarter w(h a. nickel added, -
It wpuld not have tp be much of a year
to ba a better pne than the old reprobate
that managed to escape lost midnight.
The Austrians can stand more beatings
than any other nation under the sun- Their
armU have already been annihilated aj-least
Jj0 time's.
It cost 460,tTt officially for recent candi
dates to get inte theiSenate, and It la going
tp cost many times more than that to get
th out
ajini .ima.i hjsi mi-iil. ..h.u.,1
Thf Sut6 intends to hve a literacy test,
$p matter what the President thinks, but the
Snttt&'ii Intentions before this have
fMWoujltJ w IHU more than sows ot its
rtfJKt'esf. " - .j-
t4 iuuiwi tit KiJk-mm
SUa4 -MM M UMMaSjlH. fHUli JtmiM"! St
gmalm tar imobwh v$a
mf epassttw te
asw ttp-W,ljl: i&L:W!f
"MONKEY BUSINESS" ltf
CONGRESS HAS HISTORY
Ceremony of House Mace Dates Back
ThouBnrids of YcriM Una Prevented
Riots Among Members $2S,000 for
"Mistcra'.
ByE.W.TOWNSEND
IN A prevldus letter I wrote casually of the
mighty force of precedents In the way the
machinery, of Congress, both Houses, is run
Is, permitted to run, 'But to a now mem
ber or ' an outsider there aro many oven
more interesting ways in which precedent!
or perhaps, in some respects it is more cor
rect to say custom, rules in Congress, I pro
sumo more visitors' to tho House galleries
have asked questions nbout the performance
of an assistant sorgeant-at-arms with the
maco than-about anjr other one thing they
have observed, Tho Houso maco, symbol
of tho Speaker's authority, differs In form
but Httlo from "similar symbols found In
nearly every modern parliament, and they
aro alt much like that used In tho Senate of
ancient Rome, and oven thon It was1 an an
cient survival, then, as .now, a symbol of
power, of a very concreto form of power, a
conventionalized form of a club, a war club.
Juit So and Never Otherwise
The obony silver-bound maco of the House
Is surmounted by a globo, upon which Is
perched an eagle with outstretched wings.
Whbn the House Is not In session It has a
place of honor and safekeeping in the ofllco
of tho sergcant-at-nrms, from which It Is
borno by an assistant Into tho House Cham
ber a few minutes before the opening of each
day's session, and deposited by the side of a
marble pedestal. Just ns tho Speaker places
a foot upon the first of the stops leading to
his desk tho assistant In charge of the maco
ceremoniously elevates tt to Its pedestal. Ho
docs this because he has been told to do It,
and how. Probably ho Is unconscious of tho
fact that he Is doing the samo thing In much
the samo way other men holding a like of
fice have dono for thousands of years with
the same purpose; to proclaim to all con
cerned tho power and authority of a pre
siding officer.
Presently, perhaps In a few minutes, tho
House goes Into the Committee of tho Wholo
House, and thon the business is conducted
not by the Spoaker but by a chairman desig
nated by tho Speaker. As tho latter leaves
his desk, and Just ns his foot reaches tho
first stop In descent, tho mace Is taken down
to Its place by the side of the pedestal.
Business may have proceeded but a few
minutes when there appears at tho chamber
entrance opposite tho Speaker's desk a mes
senger from the Senate. . He stands at at
tention until he Is Joined by the House door
keoper. Then tho chairman says: "Tho com
mittee will rise Informally to receive a mes
sago from the Senate."
He motions to some member who takes
the chairman's place, but as this' member
places his foot upon tho first step tho as
sistant sergeant -nt-arms raises tho maco to
Its pedestal. Ths Is momentarily to place
tho mantle of speakership authority upon
tho acting Speaker. The latter nods to the
doorkeeper, who announces, "Mr. Speaker, a
message frpm the Senate,"
Tho "Speaker" says, ''Mr, Secretary."
Tho Senate messenger says, "Mr. Speaker,"
and proceeds with his message,
Then the "Speaker'1 for a minute descends,
and with him the mace, too, comes down
again. All of -which is becauso the corqmlt
tco could not receive a message from tho
Senate; only the House can do that, and the
mace must be In place to show that the au
thority of the Speaker Is exercised hence
the House, not the committee, Is in session.
Serious "Monkey Business"
I've heard a gallery visitor ask, having
watched this ceremony repeated several
times, "What's all that monkey business?"
Well, If one feels about It that way, that
Is the way one feels about It. Not the mem
bers, though. Once tho assistant was inat
tentive and tho maco did not go up with
the Speaker. You might suppose that ,no
member would notice the omission, but in
stantly, and all over the chamber there were
anxious exclamations: "The mace I The
mace!" The assistant, aroused, hurriedly
performed his duty.
The mace has Berved a practical purpose
more than onco In the history of tho House.
There have been tlmeB when tempers have
been so wholly lost and passions run so high
that tho mere command of the Speaker, em
phasized by his banging gavel, has failed to
restore order, failed to quell approaching
riot. Then the Speaker, whoever he may
have been, has ordered the sorgeant-at-arms
to proceed with the mace and compel mem
bers to take their seats in order. Old mem
bers, who have seen this twice, corroborate
stories of similar ructions running- back
pretty nearly through the history of Con
gress. Members fighting mad and trying to fight,
shouting In rage, heedless of the Speaker's
threatening voice, have never in any knewn
instances and In some Instances blows had
already been struck failed to retreat to their
seats, melt away, as it were, before the sign
of authority, the mace. Why? Is It heredity;
an inborn respect for the authority of rank,
or its symbol? Let the psychologists answer,
President Never "Told"
There are many fixed forms of language
required by precedent. Once a secretary of
the Senate, haying been duly announced, pro
ceeded with his message to the effect that a
special committee of the Senate, having been
appointed for the purpose, had called upon
the President and "told" him that the Sen
ate was ready to proceed with business.
There was an Instant titter all through trie
House. The President Is never officially
,"tpld" anything by Congress; he Is "in
formed," The substitution of one single
word fpr another in a formal message no
one is supposed to listen to,' had struck the
ears of all like a violent discord strikes a
listener to music. The scarlet and abashed
secretary retired to be unmercifully! guyed
by his fallows. He had departed from prece
dent! In the Senate the pages, when not In serv
ice, sit about at the foot of the presiding .of
ficer's, desk, When a, Senator wants a page
he sumnjqns him by clapping his hands. In
the House the pages are corralled when not
In service in the two corners at the rear of
the chamber and are summoned by electric
belU. It would, b infinitely more convenient
tt fcav the useful little fellows herded
$& ! .Bw, rnimf .two, (
??"2' "ssr mk
"imy waip si tpr
S- Ha -fpi
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"ittjflkHaSV -w1 z
JU1H .r!!Wif " -HLP - lBiii
wuni.: )m:w mm - -
' iMgi7-" lii mi i,yt MSi - tt-
'' ? SRV'W S ' N4lailaHalWy 'K '3
LTV. $&M(w MkW$F M .j. ANIHKulP- lT J ft m
V' jffmW ?WpMi I.J ii
' wSSB$S9ffi&r HHEaf1 JftM ' 1
$:i5fcD JSto llii'w 'I
Ashurst, Bacon, Bankhead," &c. After tho
Btart tho natnos are run off without any pre
fix. Until tho second session of this Con
gress tho House roll-call form has required
the "Mr." befora each name. On tho first
call the cleric repeats "Mister" 486 times. If
60 answer on tho first call ho repeats It 886
times on tho second call. That Is, on an
average roll-call tho word Is repeated 820
times t About two years ago I suggested to
Speaker Clark that ho direct the clerks to
cut out tho "mister" after tho first name.
It startled him. Why? That was tho way
tho roll always had been called! It would
be contrary to precedent to drop tho 820
misters. I was persistent, and finally he said
he'd think It over. He did, for a year! Then
he gavo tho order. It was obeyed. No ono
died of surprise, although somo members had
serious turns. I mention this because when
my esteemed renders build that monument to
my memory I want It Inscribed, "Ho saved
his country $26,000 a year by taking 'mister'
out of Congress." Fancy how often in future
ages It will be asked, "Mr. Who?"
There came precious near to being a knock
down and drogout finis to tho pre-recess
session. When J. Hampton Moore, of Penn
sylvania, rose on Wednesdny after prohibi
tion Tuesday to attend to Bryan, of Wash
ington it was pretty generally known by
"members that Moore would have preferred
to use his fist rather than his voice to answer
the outrageous language of the Seattle mem
ber. It was Interesting to observe that of
tho scoro or two members who plainly showed
a desire to hnve Bryan's seat declared vacant
as many were on tho Democratic as upon
tho Republican side of tho chamber.
Scott's View of a New Year
From Harper's Weekly.
Man la a conventional animal. He thinks one
thing on the Fourth of July, another at Easter,
another at Thanksgiving. AVhen ho hears of
a particular death he grieves, though he knows
that thousands die dally. He Is a likable crea
ture, but a machine. Something Ilko this,
though Infinitely better expressed, passed
through the mind of one of the great on Jan
uary 1, 1820, whereupon he put it in his Journal.
The. Journai of Sir Walter Is ono of the books
that Inspire, that nourish, that one never ex
hausts. Says Scott:
A year hns passed another has commenced.
These solemn divisions of time influence our
feelings as they occur. Yet there is nothing
In It, for every day In the year closes a
12th-month as well as the Slat of Decem
ber. The latter day Is only the solemn pause,
as when a guide, showing a wild and moun
tainous road, calls on a party to pause and
look back at the scenes which they have
Just passed.
Yes, every day 1b a day of, beginning and a
day of doom; a day of tragedy and a day of
new life; a day of disillusion and day of hope.
How little Is man, and how much! Everything
Is trye, and Its opposite also. In the midst of
upheaval, philosophy steadies and comforts,
philosophy that finds sermons In stones, sorrow
In sunlight and In everything some degree of
happiness.
NEW YEAR AS PEACEMAKER
1' HAVES made peace with my foes, peace
with the lost and the slain;
Hope and the future are mine; over the liv
ing I reign.
For I have burled the old, burled and put
away,
And the whisper and curse of wrong I suffer
to fail today.
And the sorrow of dark regret, and the dread
of the vampire past,
Are dead on the white highways where the
Old Year breathed his last.
I am the glad New Year. Songs of the morn
I sing;
Songs of the triumph soul, with the par dot)
and peace I bring.
Frank Walcott Hutt,
OPPORTUNITY
This. I beheld, pr dreamed It In a dream :
There -spread a cloud of dust along a plain;
And underneath the cloud, or in it, raged
A furious battle, and men yelled, and swords
Shocked upon swqrds and shields, A prince's
banner
Wavered, then staggered backward, hemmed
by foes,
A cravfn hung olohg the battle's edge
And thought: "Had I . a" sword of keeper
steej-f i !
That.trua blade that the king's son bears
but this
Blunt thingl" Ha snapt and flung it from
his band,
And, lowering, crept away and left the Held,
Then came the king's son, wounded, sore
bet, jf
4A ywapflwiff, and saw th broken, sword.
IIHt.iKW4 JfrOw.&?y and lh4mill'.
A a4i39i43bd it, Md vritth $.
imi 4rffc, be hm-iA Ma mr wn.
"YOU'RE FIFTEEN ToifUY, OLD ENOUGH
KEEPING THE CALENDAR TRUE TO THE SIM
It aaa Llatt a vagarious, ivoraanuc
Twisted All Out of Shape Many Times and Never
Entirely Straightened Out.
By R.
MANY people aro dissatisfied with tho cal
endar. They propose to tako it back and
chango it. They would havo to go back to
an net of the British Parliament In 1761 that
Is, English-speaking folk would and then
bIIU farther into the recesses of time. It was i
that statute which later led American school
boys into doubt as to whether Qoorge Wash
ington was born, on February 22 or Fobruary
11. Eloven days wero lost between Julius
Caesar and George Washington, but that
hardly seems appalling enough, after all, to
Justify so many preachments on tho subject
of lost time, docs It? The way things aro ar
ranged now it will bo 2500 years or moro
before wo lose another day.
Tho scientist, howover, is never satisfied
with anything less than accuracy, and ho'
wants a perfect calendar. Ho has tnken his
Ideas of reform Into tho legislatures of sev
eral nations, but nothing hns happened yet,
Reform Is sure' to got Into trouble, anyway,
when It gets Into politics. But truth, crushed
to. earth, shall rise again, and maybe the
dream of the scientist will como true. Tho
first day of every month will fall on the first
day of the week, and so forth. Tho .printed
calendar which comes from the Insurance
company or the grocery store will bo Just as
good one year as another, and the months
will bo all allko. Probably a more durable
form will bo Invented, so that It will last a
lifetime, bo moved from houso to house With
the rest of tho furniture and be handed down
tp future generations as an holrloom. Time,
"with such a calendar, wouldn't Becm so
flighty.
The Jilting of the Jloon
The calendar as an Institution has passed
through so many vicissitudes thnt it really
deserves a rest from meddling, after ono last
attempt has been made to set it right forever.
It originated away back In the earliest ages.
At first It was merely a record of events In
the life of nn Individual or tho history of a
tribe, and consisted of curious Inscriptions
on trees, or pieces of bark, or of a succession
of notches and symbols on wnnds or canes,
But after awhile It became a method of reck
oning future as well as past tlmo.
The. changes of tho moon furnished tho
obylous mqthod and tho one which was
most universally adopted among primitive
peoples. Tho reason la said to have been
that tho old agriculturalists had a special
Interest In tho moon, which presided over
the fato of crops and furnished enough lunar
superstition to last even unto this present.
Months of 29 and 30 days wero Instituted.
Then it was discovered that tho seasons
furnished a more serviceable mode of divi
sion, and years came Into existence. Civil
years, of course, not truly solar.
The moon, the first love of the calendar
makers, fared badly. It wns supplanted by
the sun. The months were retained as sub
divisions of years, but when it was ob
served how the splar year and the 12 lunar
months failed to coincide, and how the first
day of the yeor kept sliding along into the
wrong season, the ancient scientists decided
to regulate the calendar by the sun, and it
was so. Thus tho moon wasleft out of
consideration, and the month -became only
an arbitrary affair. The Jiyfng so far as
concerns the hlst'ory of pur own calendar,
which traces its ancestry Jpack through that
of the Romans was completed In the first
cejitury B, C. by Catus Julius Caesar and
n qreek astronomer wliom he Imported from
Alexandria, Soalgenes, by name. And the
ancients flld have . hard time trying to get
the. calendar flxed'up. Supplementary days
at the end of the year and the occaslqnal
Introduction oflntercalary months were the
favorite means of accommodating the cal
endar tq the aqn, which wouldn't ac
commodateitself to the calendar.
( Romulus,, the builder of Rome, divided the
year Into' 10 mpnths. That Is, If history can
Place any reliance on tradition. There were
804 days under his arrangement, and what
became of the rest of them neither history
nojF tradition payeth. A little later the
Romans had tt month, with an occasional
Intercalary month. This, was a Junai- year
.of 385 days, It Was Numa Porapllius
mythlo history again. who added the two
extra months, January and February. March
had previously started, the calendar, and was
ngw displaced by January, February taking
ff6- February was ressuad. from this
igpqjBtny.wfcjH!, $q yeajm itert tla decern.
vim mvai it yp to aaoni position. But
ft&r Fruryi om wor tnmMeg wmt,
yej to cetne. Tn month wr tti $
dy altwrnateiy, making- in u
r, day fms 444 j?twitir tt, vmki
TO BEHAVE!"
ana ooincumcs niuiug j-iiaiorj,j
G. F.
tho number odd for good luck. This chSJ
year differed from tho solar year byilJj
days and a fraction, and an Intercalary montti
tween tho 23d and 24th of February. Era
that surgical operation left tho calendared
i
of Joint.
The Calendar in Politics
Tho pontiffs, at some tlmo or other,- iffi
lmrusica wun mo care or. ma cuienuar, sm
they mixed It up with politics, wofully.w
was their privilege to Intercalate fewerwh
moro days as the celestial motions mlisty
warrant, xney auusea moir poweri o larai
belonged also the opportunity of runpltj
political machines, when they wanted
nrnlnnn tho fprm nt n mmrlntrsinv- nr hftufe?
the annual elections, or reward favorit3w
punish polltcal foes, they simply doctoreKJ
calendar. Think what that would meairiln
American politics today! You think oiiij.1
can't. .VJ
So when .Caesar took up tho imperial relni
he found the calendar ip a mess. The wjptjj
inonms wero coming in autumn, una aumnjn
was summer. Something had to be dojjg
and Caesar did it. Ho abolished the moon
and decided to go entirely by the sun. Bio
i ,i ,... . .. . ' .... '. it?
transit gioria iunae. Me also aDojisnca tw
Intercalary month, which after serving, jjai
long ages as a a gp3ai convenience, w&bjw
last declared a public nulsanco. '$
In making up the table of month! jM
cal'lated as follows:
Thirty days hath April,
June, Aucust, October and' December;
All tho rest have thlrty-ono,
Excepting February alone,
Which hnth but twenty-nine. In fine.
Till every fourth year (they didn't call It !ej
year then) gives it thirty.
That was Caesar's imperious way, ,w
Augustus didn't like it. His vanity vosiur
Why should his month ha-a one less .cm
knn T.,1..o mi, T..lt.. . I.- ' A... Ss
"inn w"j aich uuitup luyil uttjy kr,Q
February and gavo It to August. It pwjr
havo mado Augustus feel better, but Julfuj
Dccauso no wanted tno months of 30 aays'jo
alternate witii tho months of 31 days, had.J
reduce Soptombe'r and Noyember, tp 30 dayi
and give the pxtros to , October and Deiiemj
ber. And after all that fuss by the greJ
Caesar, tho calendar;qucstlpn waant seltle,4
It kept bobbing up for centuries, and tU
bobs. f $
xno most important bob was In ib, an
ropo uregory.tm attended to it The Julias
calendar had prevailed among tpP Cbri3j
nan nations until the accumulation of ei
amounted to ten complete days. The 'IffiS
or the ceiooratlon of Easter, and hence of
tho movable feasts, had been unfixed. PPgl
Gregory, taking advjee of the astronPpj
ij avius, orqainea tnat tn days snouiap
deducted from the current year. Accqrdlnra
me om oi uotoDcr became the 15th. Tj
Julian calendar wns further amended by
creeing that Jf a, year ended in two ciphers.
should net be counted a leap-year unless S
visible by four, hundred instead of four.
Why Worry?
Caesar's reckoning had disarranged mat
ters because he assumed a year of 365U dayi
whereas the correct figures are. $85 day4!
hours, is minutes, seconds, qr U mln"!1
l seconds less. What a difference Ju(t
minutes it seconds made. wMio generate
lived and died! Under Gregory's math'
matlcs there will be one day unaccounted t
about 4500 A. D.
In some countries, however, even (n Eo
rope, tne pope's mandate was npt observf
wa o me .uow countries didn't get arou
to change until the lath century, and tf
they had U days to pubtract. In Qreat Utf
aln, after conjnerce $md people had nndf
gone great inconvenience in 'foreign dealin
Parliament equalised the style of reolfonlil
wun me usage or other leading purope,
nations, ltussia, ureoce and Tuscany, ho
eveh still stiok to the old way, and r ",
is aays aneaq or us, of behind us. accordl'
as you Judge by the calendar or by tho su
vi course, in. different parts of the Wflrl
there are numerous calendar variations.
vipinese ew gear's, for Instance, cornea
our February 18. The Jewish system (
stuoy in intercaiarits.
We-raost Europeans and Ameripant-a
ie me ancient Egyptians in regardlns; ni
wsm as ine Beginning of day. The aajr
mere, after the example of Ptoleray and
uroanway ceiprant, 'begin It at noon. T
iuo4t!ji qreoka, like the sncient Chaldean
eo sunrise.; the Italians and fei-hmuai'
jppeo the day to befln at onset B'nfl
diviioa or the dy except swrne i i'
and mmy. We divide Wt ..q t.iii