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v OWtlft Jt. It. GtmTIS, JParI81!r.
flttt, W. Oct). 6ertary i John C. Martin, Trttrr
CWlst H. tWlntton, rhllip S. Cellini, John D. VTI1-
lUnnvt)lrwtr.
EDITORIAL-BOARD f
Ctau K. K. Coins, Chairman.
f.J It WH AMST. EtMutlra Editor
, .. if. .iii i i . . .
S6JMC MAHTIN.. Central Dttilneaa Manatar
P ublllhol dallr at rostra LiDot Dulldlcr,
( Iodtndnee Bquara, Philadelphia.
fiat Cittifi, . .. . . .. . .Bread and Chentnut Btretta
Atuktio Cm. ....Pref-Vnlon Bulldln
Kbit Toox.......i...... . .170-A, Uitropolltan Tower
CH10160. .............. .817 Homa Inauranc Dulldlnt
L4WMM-. .8 Waterloo rites, Tall Mall, B. W.
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tit. carrier, DltLt Osit, alx centa. Br malt, peetcald
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PUILAnELrilfA, THURSDAY, DECEMnER 17, 1914.
i. i i . -.
Cln Error That Breeds Anarchy
.TnV.eiVy court or commission having
Hie Judicial power must be abovo reproach.
Thp storm of. Indignation that has broken
over the head of the Pennsylvania Public
Service Commission proves that Americans
have-tin ultra veneration for Justice. Al
though the verdict rendered by the commis
sion was unsatisfactory to multitudes of com
muters, they acquiesced with scarcely a mur
mur. Even today they aro not assailing tho
terms: of the decision so much as tho Indis
creet and Injudicious attitude of tho commis
sion Itself.
Even a quasl-Juafclat court soriously com
promises itself by holding secret conferences
with ono of the parties to a case within Its
Jurisdiction, and tho unsealing of its ver
dict for tho benefit of tho defendant at any
time prior to the publlo and official pro
nouncement lays grounds for tho most serious
suspicion.
The Publlo Service Commission had com
mitted a very gmvo error. Its Indiscretion,
to use the mildest term available, is of tho
tlslnd tliat has glvon ground for tho popular
belief that pjir courts aro under the domina
tion' Pf the great corporations. Tho recent
agitation against tho Judiciary had Its root
in Just such suspicions as the commission
nas roused. If there was collusion In any
degree whatsoever botwoon the railroads and
the 'commission, the fact, however It is ex
plained away or extenuated on technical
grounds, will encourage tho spirit of anarchy
thnt,s already .too pronounced In Amorlcan
life.
TVfthout In the least Impugning tho motives
of the commission, it Is obvious that Its ono
outstanding duty now is to correct tho error
at any cost. The fair name of American Jus
tice' must be free'rot only from stain but
from the shadow of suspicion. No price lti
too 'heavy to pay for unflinching confidence
In ttjo Irreproachablllty and impartiality of
Justice.
j
i Prcdatpry inquistion
rniTE Federal Commission on Industrial
J. Relations has before It a charge that the
Rockefeller and other Foundations aro In
sidious devices' "to perpetuate the present
position of predatory wealth through 'the
corruption of sources of public Information."
The'kccUsatlon Is not pew nor la there any
thing particularly original about It. There
are men who maike bogeys of anything big
ger '(ban a plnhead, and the mania for In
vestigation has riot, yet run Its course.
The corruption of the riources of publlo in
formation is something utterly impossible.
Therji has been no Btrike or other Industrial
Agitation in this cqUntry that the newspapers
wero; not filled to overflowing with conflict
ing kortea. Both sides' have invariably had
a hearing. If anybody Is suffering under the
delusion that the truth can be concealed it
will 'ijay hlra to investigate the news-gathering
organizations and the methods of Indi
vidual newspapers' in securing facts'.
We surmise thafthe different Foundations
flo not care whether they are investigated or
not. . They doubtless have nothing to con
ceal. It may be, however, that donating any
of hj funds to charity hereafter will forever
ruin a philanthropist. He's damned If he
gives and he's damned if he don't. It is the
delight of our Government to furnish Its
tltlic'ps wth funurement.
; Tests That Do Not Test
PIWPSIDBNT 'VTTI'SCW Is right; an educa
tional test is no criterion or guarantee of
400o( 'citizenship. If we could subject every
immigrant to a. laboratory teat that would
register hbi Industry, honesty and capacity to
absorb and embody the spirit of our free
American Institutions, it would be worth
while, Bvery one who baa any knowledge of
the immigrants who have come to America
within, the -last three decades can give nura
fcwlea Instance of Illiterate men who have
, lcor)9 .patriotic. Jaw-honoring and produq
tlvei 'American cJtixena. Nearly all of the
daiurerouu criminals In our penal Institutions
eve partly educated. The factors that make
to? the demoralization of the Immigrant aro
the saloon, the district politician and the
venal aldermen with their corrupt police. A
literacy test determines nothing that Is vital
to a JUgb. grade of manhood or citizenship.
Tr Peace "Withia a Year
:THIB Bregma Ledger a few days ago pre-
J,dt4athat the war would be over before
bP - Aatt. fall ' Tr4iA tirtHvttv fhaf ina nfiMvn,Av
Jed j II arms in the last week or two Indl-'f-aatea'elearly
the restlessness which ha be
gun q manifest itself In each of the em
Wtthsl nation. The time U past when a
Croat! people can be held for on indefinite
JHU from the pursuit of Industry. There
kmii4 at last a. ary from the masse whleb
at! sfvermueat can ignore. Tho sceptre of
KtvthtloH begins to appear, omlaqua and ter
rtbi. ?fy ftjat to too great, ttga prova.tjQn
too nalwportant, t Justify the ruin qt aj
Kuise and a yiuh, e8glemerate cataatrophe.
' ilfl,M! tbi amies the djjilamats, who have
ikfeered by the Brobdingaagian strug
4 sfter the diplomats piam. The war
be er befqr a twJvth posi.
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fflff t ta lo-lng iJwuiU f mm
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u w imi r otkr tutat k iHUf $
u BinH ot HiitiMf rJi up, lealte tttf
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feVBNING LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA, TflTJBBPAY. DBOEMBEB
' - I i r i i ' .... i i 1 i i f i i . . I f .
the processo? to b Bono through before It
cArk be mado effective nrd cumbersome. The
municipality, in this as tn other matters,
hart been shackled by embarrassing In
hibitions which are destructive ot home rule
and the proper development ot the city.
Authorisation from the State must be ob
tained before many functions properly In
herent In a municipal corporation can bo per
formed. Tncso restrictions, It Is true, have
served to save Philadelphia scandal and
wasto under reckloss administrations, yet the
unexpended loans are In themselves an
eloquent reminder of the extravagant and
loose procedure which nt different times In
the past have characterized local adminis
tration. The city's hands should bo untied and freed,
The Blankenburg Administration has proved
that the metropolis Is able to govern Itself
and do It well. The time has come for the
Commonwealth to loosen the reins and let
Philadelphia go ahead.
Give Us Men ol Action
OUR men of action, where are they? Tho
country Is nauseated by the wishy-washy
platltudlnarianlsm which In Washington has
been passing for statesmanship these irfany
months. Tho Panama episode Is cumulative
ovldenco of tho enthusiastic do-nothlnglsm
which has become symptomatic of Uryanlsm.
Tho Governor of tho Canal Zono wanted
shlprf, but Washington appeared to bo afraid
to send thorn on the theory that It might
bo construed as an unfriendly act by some
Iower or other. Thcro was a tlmo when
American ships could pass from ono Amor
icon port to another without thought of tho
views of other nations. Now wo aro so
sunk in a fatso pacificism that we hcnltato
to enforce even our most fundamental rights.
Thero novcr was 60 much bromldlo TTou
trallty. Somo Idea of tho absurdity of tho situa
tion may bo gathered from the fact that tho
Government yesterday was awaiting furthor
ndvlces as to whether Colonel Goothals
"wanted tho two destroyers ho asked for
merely to prevent wireless transmission of
unneutral messages or to prevent bel
ligerents' vessels from making the Isthmian
waters a baso of operations." By tho shades
of Molly Pitcher, what difference does It
mako what ho wants' them for? It might
bo supposed that the oMcer in chargo of tho
nation's greatest Investment was a second
rate consul Just out of college, to Judgo
from the temporizing und quibbling In Wash
ington. There has been enough red tape wound
about this particular cplsodo to sufllco for all
tlmo. Mon who can say yes and no, men
with decision in their make-up and spines In
tholr bodies, aro needed at the capital. Sec
retary Garrison has handled tho Naco Inci
dent with some idea of what 1b becoming
to the national dignity and prestige. But ho
stands In lonely contrast to tho other execu
tive officers who surround him. It Is possible
to be a pacificist without being a mollycoddle,
to 'earn and command peace by Iron pur
pose. But thero is nothing but trouble and
anxiety ahead of tho Incompetency which is
concealing Itself in the cloak of self-restraint
and patience.
A Truly Wonderful Feat
THE consummate daring of the German
navy challenges the admiration of the
world. The North Sea Is to all Intents and
purposes a British lane. It Is mined and
English patrols cover It from ono end to tho
other. Fog or no fog, it was an achievement
of the most spectacular kind for the Ger
mans to drive through this very beehive of
English ships to tho shores of old England
horsolf. When last Britain suffered such
humiliation .the American Colonies were en
gaged in their struggle for liberty and there
was no United StateB.
As a military exploit the actual result Is
Inferior In Importance to the psychological
effects. It has been shown that thero are
conditions under which the German fleet can
get to the high seas. It remains, therefore,
a constant menace, to guard against which
will cost tho Allies enormous sums and will
require the concentration of the home fleets.
On the other hand, the reckless audacity of
the raid indicates that publlo opinion in Ger
many is reaching the point where the Gov
ernment consider even the most extraordi
nary risks Justifiable aa an emollient.
Not War, But Police Duty
THE3 country wants no war with Mexico,
and there la no Mexico with which It can
wage war. A great country, formerly a na
tion overburdened with muckrakers, has
fallen Into the clutches ot bushwhackers. To
be sure, these gentlemen of pillage have been
masquerading as humanitarians bent on
agrarian reform, but the looting has been too
valuable so far for them to give their atten
tion to other matters. The United States
cannot war with these Irresponsible chief
tains. It would be ridiculous.
When Mexicans used to cross the border
and commit ravages In Texas, the Texas
Bangers became active and the depredations
stopped. If Ignorant bands in the neighbor
hood of Naco insist on Jeopardizing the lives
ot American citizens In American territory,
there will be nothing for the American forces
to do but cross the border and chase the out
laws back Into their innocuous deserts and
mountains. That is what General Boott will
do if the outrages do not cease. It would not
be war- It would be nothing more than the
United States performing a police duty for
an Impotent neighbor.
One way to make good is to be good, but
not to be a good thing.
The war so far haa conclusively proved
tha( churches make the best targets.
There la nothing between Pinohot and
Smoot except words and more words,
in iijui 1 ii
What's, the use, buying round-trip ticket
if It coats twice aa much as a one-way
couponT
"Made In America," I quietly but surely
supplanting similar designations of foreign
flavor.
' ip" " 1 '
"Uncle Jpe" Cannon vs. Champ Clark, even
though the latter U In the Speaker' chair,
will sound natural to the House,
1 1 j 1 i n .in.
The President i going to stand by Iynn
no matter what happens. Bnoueh, it seema.
is nt umoiit, to the Seaata will da it all
over 6"at.
, "' "" ' " " '
M larger tit ie ol Uaele Sarfa toaU
bag ctaulalBg letters to -?( fSSgm, tjM
wh -ru kl. ba tb )( from
'I LI P !-,
RtM-matlv BaKiMMt not mm?
Nutxwly tbUOw U to MytWaf btrt a loyal
Aiwl-.a.n mmm. !i0, Ma
cAW wtMM A BM N 4 MW rWi?l
tfcttps -tUM-i Sf&m- afegfiSlSr I
AMERICA A NATION
OL? PUBLIC SPEAKERS
Aro "tho Grand Days of Oratory" Gono
Forovfir? Changes in tho Form and
Style of Eloquence From Emerson
to "Billy" Sunday.
By WILLIAM HADER
"rpHB grand days of oratory are gone for
JLovor." Hon. Daniel Dougherty, of Phil
adelphia, said this sbout 60 years ago In
his lecturo on "Orators and Oratory." Tho
silver-tongued orator himself was an argu
ment against the statement which ho made.
Eloquence, In stylo and form, has under
gone great changes since tho days of Daniel
Webster and Henry Clay and Charles Sum
ner, but It Is still a potent factor In tho
affairs of the world, George Herbert defined
It as that whloh "Informs and Inflames," and
Phillips Brooks said It was "a good man
speaking well."
Tho prophet of the olden time is conspicu
ous by his absence. Usually he has appeared
In a crisis, as Patrick Henry did In Virginia,
or Savonarola when contending with Lorenzo
the Magnificent and Pope Alexander VI, not
to mention the Hebrew prophets who were
voices of tho Infinite. Prophecy means a
"bubbling up," llko a spring gushing up
through rock nnd sand and soil, and over
flowing Just as Patrick Henry did In his
famous outburst of patriotism. Tolstoy was
a good dcat of a prophet. Not that he made
predictions, but ho Interpreted tho times. A
prophet Is a seer, a revcalor of the oventn of
tho hour, and Is associated usually with oto
quence. Ho has appeared In wars and revo
lutions and tumults, and his absence Just now
In tho European war Is significant.
Modern Eloqucnco
Slnco Mr. Dougherty dollvorcd his lecturo
on tho lyceum platforms of tho East orators
havo spoken with what may bo called real
eloquence. Henry Grady mado his famous
speech on tho "New South," which for Im
agination, diction and thought will live long.
Lincoln's Gettysburg address was scarcoly
appreciated In tho days of Mr. Dougherty,
but now it stands first in cIqbsIo eloquence
Mr. Bryan's famous speech before tho Chi
cago nominating convention showed some
thing ot the old flro which flashed In tho
words of our earlier orators. Colonel Robert
G. Ingerpoll Illustrated tho best standards of
popular oratory In speeches that were not In
frequently philippics against his theological
opponents. Wendell Phillips, In some ro
specls the most perfect orator America has
produced, may bo called tho Demosthenes of
the Amorlcan platform, unless wo make an
exception In favor of Sergeant S. PrentlHs.
There has Just been dedicated in Brooklyn,
N. Y., a memorial to Henry Ward Bccchor.
Bcechcr's name Is reminiscent of a stylo of
speech which, as Mr. Dougherty said, has
passed away. Beechcr was not tho greatest
preacher In the American pulpit, but he was
tho greatest orator. His addresses before tho
excited crowds of Manchester, Liverpool,
London and other English cities In defense of
the Union cause, have never been equaled an
cither Bide of the Atlantic In the Immediate
effect produced. They Involved extraordinary
versatility, cool Judgment, great courage and
a mastery of situations which would havo de
feated most men. His address read at Fort
Sumter after thp war, and the memorial
oration on Lincoln, are masterpieces of
stately eloquence.
Speaking of clergymen I am reminded of
three of Beechcr'a contemporaries. Tho first
was Dr. Richard S. Storrs, of the Church of
tho Pilgrims, Brooklyn. Doctor Storrs would
havo been at homo In Athens or the Forum of
Romo in the old days of Demosthenes nnd
Cicero, so graceful w'os his style, and so
perfect his diction. Quito In contrast to
him was Dr. T. Dewltt Talmage, who for
years drew crowds wherever he appeared. Ho
was not an orator, but rather a rushing,
roaring, sparkling mountain stream of Im
agery, vivacity nnd dramatic expression. He
answered to the definition of eloquence given
by one of the Grecian philosophers, who
said that it was action, action, and more
action.
Phillips Brooks In Philadelphia
Phillips Brooks may be set down as tho
greatest preacher ot his times, "a spiritual
splendor," as somebody called Frederick Den
ison Maurice. Phillips Brooks prepared for
his brilliant career In two Philadelphia pul
pits that of the Church of the Advent and
that of Holy Trinity. Both these churches
were made famous by his unusual gifts,
which soon became recognized throughout
the world. "But Phillips Brooks broke nearly
all the laws of delivery, speaking at the rate
of 200 words a minute- rapidity of utterance
that was the despair of shorthand reporters.
It is no disparagement of the richness of his
thought to say that his personality had
much Jo do with his success. He was a mag
nificent man physically, and compelled atten
tion by that Inscrutable something which we
call personality. Perhaps it is this quality,
this personal something which best explains
the secret of speech, It is the soul quality
which finds expression through lips trained
in the use of words. Eloquence Is a spiritual
matter, an exercise of the highest faculties.
It is a fine art.
Unfortunately, the grand old style has been
supplanted by the conversational mode of
address. Today there is familiarity with the
audiences. Men of national reputation will
stand with their hands thrust in their pockets
and speak In the familiar way which the
salesman employs in selling goods. Simplicity
has taken the place of ornateness; and direct
ness, of the rainbow colors of the Imagina
tion. George William Curtis and Ralph Waldo
Emerson would hardly be popular on the
Chautauqua platform. Ragtime is more pop
ular with the masses than Wagner. The man
who cracks Jokes is sometimes In greater dr
mand than the speaker who attains to the
Greek ideals of art in expression. Perhaps
it U tblB vitiated taste of the multitude that
has influenced publlo speaking in recent
year.
"Billy Sunday" Oratory
We are a country of speakers. Both men
and women are ambitious to be heard in pub
lic. We meet In congresses and conventions,
and sit by the hour listening to what others
have to y. A great tabernacle la con
struoUd In. Philadelphia to accommodate the
multitude who will hear "Billy Sunday, the
evangelist, talk on the greater things of Ufa
and death.
He represent another oratorical type
which must ba 'considered, is any dlneussWn
of American oratory. There la as rouoh differ,
ease between Sunday's style and that of
Daniel Dougbtrty aa thwe U Utween tbe
AmUo Belvedere and a -uajMutst. It Is the
riMKcwioe Imhwms two rtu, o4 yet t an
tlnHf. Ut there U tM wiw ai u bwu
tMt t ia bstrt of auUlvtd ririranT
w Men tmtpm4M tu t h)gkat fora of -IiW-?&,
It vmat ' emtetM, kvwevr, (bt
t -vewi A.MMrtan pmtmt K; t eoljafc.
fttet to fcwtsr, SM1 MStftout-vi.tt(- j
UNDIGNIFIED, ANYHOW
j s
I ,3-tl
shoulder form of speech to tho more llfoloss
art which Is like sounding brass and a tink
ling cymbal. That Is why the beautiful ad
dress mado by Edward Everett nt Gettys
burg Is forgotten, and tho powerful lines read
by Lincoln from a pieco of foolscap, after
Everett sat down, will llvd forever.
GENTLE ART OF "ItESOLUTING"
Some Illustrations Showing It at Its Best ana at
Its Equally Interesting Worst.
IF THERE wcro any way of amassing and
presenting to the public gazo all tho reso
lutions that have gono Into the discard you
could bury Pike's Peak under the pile or erect
a mound down in Mexico that would over
shadow that mountain you havo to look up
In tho dictionary every tlmo you want to spell
It. Tho gentle art of resoluting, fortunately,
Is mostly harmless in Its effects. (Resolutiilg
may not bo a regular word, but tho lexicog
raphers havo failed to provide anything to
servo the purpose.)
Just the other day Senator Kenyon, "bf
Iowa, Introduced a resolution In Congress
calling upon tho warring nations In Europo
to declare a Yulotlde armistice of twenty
days. On tho faco ot it this resolution was
both timely and of a high moral character.
Tho (sentiments It suggosted aro utterly bo
yond reproach. Even tho Kaiser and the
Czar, If tho resolution ever gets to their
nttentlbn, will plouBly Indorse the Iowa
statesman's' noble thoughts and then order
out a few more army corps.
The Secretary of State might offer a resolu
tion bidding ail adult Americans to drink no
Btronger stimulant than grape Juice, and we
all know that Mr. Bryan Is eloquent enough
to frame such a resolution on the highest
possible moral grounds. Ho need not be
merely moral about It. Ho can back up his
arguments with mcdjcal dicta, with statistics
compiled by the actuarlos of Insurance com
panies; yes, .and William Allen Whlto might
be persuaded to add a Kansas codicil to the
document. Tho newapnpers would print it in
full nnd then order their editorial writers to
shoot It up with dum-dum diatribes. But
think of what a lovely lot of publicity W. J.
B. would get out of It If he needed It. And
he doesn't seem to. At least not just nt
present.
Generally those who offer resolutions that
are Just resolutions' are seeking public atten
tion. This Is nlmost a chronlo condition with
politicians. They must not bq, forgotten or
they become extinct like the dodo bird.
There was once a New Jersey legislator
who drew up and presented a bill Imposing
a tax on whiskers. This bill contained a
graded series of Imposts to take care of any
manner or style of whisker or whlskerage
that had ever passed under his observation.
It was read and recorded Just as officially
and at the same cost to the taxpayers of
New Jersey as the publlo utilities bill or
the corporation tax bill. Of course, It went
into the discard, as the young gentleman
who drew It knew it would, but he got his
Bhort, sweet breath of fame from It.
Farmers are pretty free from tne resolut
ing mania. It Is to be hoped that Progressiva
Agriculture and the Wisconsin. Idea do not
bring them to it, else the cost of living will
mount higher than ever. The best woy to
keep the farmers sitting tlght'on their sulky
plows U tor the city folks to maintain: n
monopoly of solemnly presented idle persiflage
and publicity-seeking gush. If enough of
this is aimed at the farmer and based upon
the fairly universal ignorance of farming
that obtains In the city, tha farmer Is M
safe as if he were Inoculated by a potent,
antitoxin.
When we look closely Into this national
foible or ours we cannot find even an ujtra
mlcroacoplo solution of it. Up comas the
faithful old query, What are we going to
do about ltT Plumb nothing", I guess, or wait
we might pass a little, resolution of our own
against it. '
. I IL, l -W.I.I I
GIPSHEART
My grandsirevWa a vagabond
Who mads the Road his bride.
Il left his sou a wanderer's heart
And little enough beside;
And all his Ufa my father heard
The fluting of a hidden bird
Tbat lured Mm, pn from hedge to hedge
To walk tha world so wide.
And now he walks the worlds beyond
And drifts o bidder seas
UrJdeseoratd by R ehart
Blithe drUet at ease.
And sometimes whe I halt at night
In answer to my tmpifa U&t
ills WB upHfta a sfewfMr w4ge
Among tho Pleiad-
Wow-n are ftvtr, bwt OH tea food;
lleaoa botfl a nuw t last:
IH ehuee tot Mte fo-a4 pat,
And la a 1 s Wt
Nu Hgbted window beoko- ,
Tbs kr MT c-ofw,
I'll tain) UFUO Cl-ftfMBf WS
A iTi intftrar fav iwt luts.
-Aueb ',,;. am turn m wk,
17, 101& ' -
" , - .... .zs-g
TALES OF WHITBY AND SCARBOROUGH
Bonibarded English Towns Have Played Interesting Parts in History, aridl
Many Legends Cluster Around Their Names. J
- ------- ''fifiS
Ti MANY readers of tho startling war
news which camo over the cables yester
day and told of tho bombardment of towns
on the cast coast of England, tho names
"Whitby" and "Scarborough" aro suggestlvo
of interesting events in past ecclesiastical
and literary history.
Shortly aftor St. Augustine began to teach
tho Christian religion to tho Anglo-Saxons,
Cacdmop, who was attached to tho monas
tery at Whitby, composod tho first religious
song In English literature. Chronologically
the "Paraphrase" of Cacdmon is tho second
Anglo-Saxon epic. Tho same warlike spirit
that filled tho earlier "Beowulf" Is Been In
this poem, but Instead of Grendel wo have
Satan ns the arch-cnomy against whom tho
battle rages.
Tho Venerable Bedo, in his famous Eccles
iastical History, told tho story of how tho
"Paraphrase" camo Into being. "Cacdmon,
having lived in a secular habit until ho was
woll advanced In years, had never learned
anytmng or versirying, for which reason, fce
lng sometimes at entertainments where it
was agreed for tho sake of mirth that all
present should Blng in their turns, when ho
saw the Instrument come toward him, he rose
up from table and returned home.
"Having done so at a certain time, and
gone out of th'o house where the entertain
ment was, to the stable, where he had to take
caro of tho horses that night, ho thero com
posed himself to rest at tho Proper time; a
person appeared to blm In his sleep, and,
saluting blm by hla name Bald, 'Caedmon,
sing somo song to me.' Ho answered, 'I can
not sing; for that was the reason why I loft
tho entertainment, and retired to this place,
because I could not sing.' Tho other who
talked to him replied, 'However, you shall
sing.' 'What shall I sing?' rejoined he. 'Sing
tho beginning of created beings,' said tho
other. Hereupon he presently began to Blng
verses Jo the praise of God."
Caedmon remembered the poetry which he
had composed in his dreams and repeated It
in the morning to tho inmates ot the monas
tery. The gift of song was divinely given to
him, it was believed, and Caedmon was taken
Into the monastla order. Thereafter he de
voted his time to poetry.
Tho ruins which crown the cliff nt Whitby
are not those of the first abbey. It was about
657 that Saint Hilda founded on that site a
Benedictine abbey, which, a hundred years
after the time of Caedmon, was destroyed by
the Danes on their plundering expeditions.
In 1078 It was rebuilt, and under the patron
age of the Percys grew in wealth and fame.
From that date the monastery was for mon
only, hence the nuns of Whitby described by
Sir Walter Scott In Marmlon ore pure fiction,
The ruins present a noble If dilapidated
pile. The nave fell after a storm In the 19th
century, and a similar cause threw down the
central tower in 1830. The choir and northern
transept are still standing, extremely beauti
ful early English work) only fragments of
pther portions of thp abbey remain.
Legends of Whitby -
Joel Cook, in "England, Picturesque and
Descriptive," published by the John C Win
ston Company, recites one of the Interesting
legends associated with the ancient abbey.
"It appears that three gentlemen De Bruce,
Do Percy and AUaston- were hunting boars
pn the abbey lands In- 11B9, and roused a fine
one which their dog pressed hard and chased
to the hermitage, where it ran Juto tbe chapel
ang dropped dead, The hermit closed the
door against the hounds, and the hunters,
coming up, were enraged to nnd the dog
balked of their prey, and on the hermit's
opening tbe door they attacked htm with
their boar-spears and mortally wounded him.
Jt was not Jong before they founJ that thla
was dangerous sport, and tby took sanc
tuary at Scarborough. The Church, however,
did not protect those who had Insulted it, and
they were given up to tha abbot of Whitby,
who was about to make an example of them,
when the ding hermit suinmonad the abbot
and the prisoners t h( Bedside, and granted
hem their 11y4 and lands.
But it was dona upon a peoullar tenure:
upon Ascension Day at sunrise they were to
come to the wood, on Vskdals-side, and the
aoSet'a. omr w,aa to deliver to aefa 'ten
stak.. U steuttewew, and Jl yettters, to b
Q$H W you, w of you, with a kntf of
eA immy pries': tha they w( to take an
IHr baefcs t Wnttby bfo 9 o'olee in tiw
morulas- Tfe - tb ttantt 'K it fe fwu
w, ytmr ! &4 frvto$ tu ; jul
lv ww, a-saof you Mi your
ta th brim, eaob t one a:d froi the
atk-f, 4 no iBr tb on .h aid jta
tewr ibcr. d . DQ ok..,; 1 lt BlLSl
yewr stmif ttww. tkM uw iy at4
thereof. You shall faithfully do this In
membranco that you did most cruelly 'l&yj
me, and that you may the better call to Go
for mercy, repent unfelgncdly of your Mr
and do good works. Tho ofllcer of Eskda
side shall blow, "Out on you, out on you, 1
on you for this heinous crime!" ' Failure .
this strango service was to forfeit their lands
to the abbot of Whitby."
The cliffs at Whitby aro moro prcclptu
and tho situation more picturesque than at
Scarborough, also a watering place and bet
ter known as such. Mr, Cook describe Sc r-
borough as it Is today, and tells .f the part
It has played In history:
"Tho old castle, battered by war nnd the
elements, Is a striking ruin, tho precipitous
rock on which it stands bolng a natural for J
tres3. Tho Northmen when they first inJ
vaded Britain mado Its site their strongho d,
but the present castle was not built unt I hoi
reign of King Stephen, when its builder,!
William lo Oros, Earl of Albemarle, was 401
powerful In this pi.rtof Yorkshire that It was!
said ho was 'In Stephen's days tho moro real!
king.' But Henry II compelled the prOudl
Earl to submit to his authority, though "with
much searching of heart and choler,' md
Scarborough afterward been to ono of tia,
royal castles, Edward I In his earlier mraf
keeping court there. It was there th-1 Ed-i
ward II was besieged, nnd his favqrlte G va-l
ston Btnrved Info surrender and thon be-jl
headed on Blacklow Hill in violation of th'j
terms of his capitulation. Scarborough was-
repeatedly attacked by the Scots, but It sub-!
sequently enjoyed an Interval of peace until
tho Reformation.
The "Scarborough Warning"
"In Wyatt's rebellion his frlonds eecurod.
possession of the castle by stratagem A
number of his men, disguised as peasants, on
market day strolled one by one Into the cod-
tie, nnd then at a given signal overpowered
the sentinels- and admitted tho rest of their
hand. The castle, however, was soon recan-i
tured from tho rebels, and Thomas Stafford!
me leaaer in this enterprise, was beheadedJ
-rom this event is derived tho proverb or
'Scarborough warning.' a word and a blow,
but the blow first.
"In Elizabeth's reign Scarborough was
nine eiso nut a fishing village, and became
so unionunate that It appealed to the Oueen1
for aid. In tho Civil War the castle was held1
by tho Royalists, and was besieged for six!
monins. vnue tne guns could not tva,,. iM
u.vwon oiq, ana tno Parliamentary nrmv
v,u vus"iun xnree years later the Gov-i
ernor declared-for the Klnsr. and th rnJ
again stood a five months' siege. Anally surl
rendering. Since then it has fallen Into de-
w UUI. aa a prison-house for George
1. :." -- " ireatea with eever,!
ity there. A little way down the hll are the!
wh.;nhUbeVSedC,,UrCh f "l
Ht?. - V Muth -a,t ,1
..Ii . . """" inw a beautifully!
terraced garden and promenade. Here, am d!
...... . M a.,?nam9 resort th f00tpa,h
winding un and flown m,. . - it .?' ""
broadening into the gardes where muslo u
prov ded and there r -i-ii.. T. rU81e
inclined P.ane,wnwa-. --' th " b 3, "
with the hotels pn the top or the cliff. !
marine drive protected by I SS I.
structed around the base of SSh n ?n
which Scarborough .UtaS
a watering puo The mring. w.ra M
ered In U30 and by theW,J7i . ?leov
.,., v. t: touie ot tha last
century had become fashtonahi- i
Present ornamental Jmi tb4
erected about N years ago m Wera
There are two W S?
Other. In the season. th ,' 'han.
he entire front of thTimr. ?!
, wwie b,ra it ar rowTof HtL L
on wbeas, be bathing hthlt1"'1ts
(MA, however. SlsfftM No.
W ef uJwTuVTffi c ,
i tf .
&ffi
(2T0
fl
rail.
mi
t"-a -, u.. 'J
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'gfffvssj' "itefe
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