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public ledgeh company
CTnL'S 11. K CUnTW. ftnaitiMT.
dro. tV. Odft. 8pcrtry ; John C. Martin, Treaaurr
Cfiarlas It. lAdlnrinn, rhlllp 8. Collin, John 8. Wil
liams, Xftetora.
'' V V ,' ii i in . n. I
i ttbtTtittiAt. MAnni
y'-fl1) ' friar It. K. Ptiatts. Chairman.
ffift. ttffAt.nV,,,. . . ............. SttvaUvt BJltof
fOHNCMAHTtN. Oenaral DmtnfM Manattr
I'tibllihed dally it lffW.io I.imto Building,
Ttlrpndt Bquirc, Philadelphia,
Ktneitn ruttRii,. i ....... . .Broad And Chestnut 8trt
AHAhttc Cm rruit-b'nfon IlullJInic
New Voatf. . ..1T0-A, Metropolitan Tower
Cniatso BIT Horn? Imuran nolldlnc
. I-iftiMW 8 Waterloo Place, rail Mll, S. W.
js NnwamntEAtjsr
-tUMitneio tirnnu. The ratrtot riull.IInic
.TCUHtwo nrmi-. the rout llulldlni
JW Tonic UCRKAtr The Tlmts llulldlnir
PSi.l!,JIpmut) no Frlertrlchtroi)
tsftosl Brniuo 2 Pali Mall Ban. S. W.
Fain ileauu i .13 Iluo tKUli la Grand
sunscmrrioN tehms '
By carrier. TJaii.t Ostt, nix cent. By mall, pontpaM
auukle of I'hllnilelphla, )it wlierr foreign postage
la irqulred, Daim O.Ni.r, one month, tenly-nve nt
JJAit.T OM.r. one ymr. three itollara, All mall aub
acrlptlona payable In ndvnrri-e.
i; 8KIX, 3000 W ALMLT KF.YSTOM:, MAIM 3000
(W AiMivaa nit communication io Bientno
' ttOgtr. Dtdependtnee Square. PMtadtlphta.
I SMiitio at inn riHi.APRi.niu rostorrtca as iko.xd
I ctA mil. MATiim.
t'lllIAUGLt'HIA, TIIUttSDAY, UGCUIDF.R 10. 1914.
Frotccting Contimilcrs' Rights
THE! assignment ot Attorney Uenornl John
W, Wcscott by Governor Fielder ollt
clally to oppose tlio Increase In nuburban
passenger tralllc rates In bo far ns they affect
New Jersey Introduces .a new clement Into
the fight which commuters nre making
against the railroads.
The South Jersey Commuters' Association
already has petitioned the Now Jersey State
Public Utilities Commission for u suspension
of the Increased rntcs of fare, and the com
mission hits ordered mich suspension for
three months pending Inquiry. As the Stato
Commission's nuthorlty extends only to
Intrastate and not to interstate tralllc, and
as most of the Jersey commuters resldo In
their home Stato nnd work In Philadelphia,
the solution of the question is "up" to tlio
Interstate Commerce Commission In Wash
ington. Tlio point to he emphasized is that Now
Jersey la nrouscd us a State. Its otllclals, are
taking active hand In the fight, and are lend
ing every aid In combating the railroads'
program. Its citizens first called upon the
Mayors of their towns for aid; tho Mayors
organized ns an Exccutlvo Committee of the
Commuters' Association the Stito Utilities
Commission has dono All that lies within its
power, and now, finally, tho Governor and
Attorney- General, working conjointly, make
preparations' to present tho people's claims
before tlio "National Commission.
This Is exactly as It should be. The fram
ers of tho National Constitution provided for
States" rights In forming the Union. New
Jersey, therefore, Is merely asserting Its pre
rogative and privilege.
Today tho Pennsylvania State Commission
hears counsel for the protesting commuters
resident In Pennsylvania. "Whllo It Is unfor
tunate that tho Pennsylvania body has not
the same rate-suspending power ns the New
Jersey Commission, nevertheless thcro Is no
reason why Governor Tenor should not
assign Attorney General Bell to defend the
rights ot tho commuters of Pennsylvania In
fashion similar to that! asserted by Governor
Fielder.
"I'll Start All Over Again"
CATASTROPHES are great or little, as
Wo tnke them, "Although I am more
than 67 years of nge, I'll start all over again
tomorrow," was Mr. Kdlson's comment as
ho gazed over the Brobdlngnaglan ruins of
the productlvo establishment his genius cre
ated. Discouragements liavo been the stepping-stones
to success for Mr. Edison. His
triumph over apparently insuperable dlfn
cuttles has been one of his chief contribu
tions to tho world. By now the vision of
tho new buildings Is In his mind. There will
be tlmo enough to think of losses when they
have been replaced. Mr. Edison Is not
looking for sympathy; he Is looking
mechanics.
for
All for Each antl Eacli for All
PAN-AMBItlCANISM means that all the
countries ot North and South America
have certain Interests In common. "When the
Pan-American Union was founded some
years ago Its alma were rather vague. The
European war has crystallized the purpose
ancj object ot the union, and a commission
has been formed, with officials of each gov
ernment as members, to define the rights and
Immunities of all American nations In re
spect to the other nations ot the .world,
During the past three months the com
merce of the two continents has suffered con
siderably owing to the war. Some dislocation
at trade was Inevitable, though Its extent
was not foreseen. Why should the Americas
pay tho toll because faraway nations fly to
arms to Blake their ambitions? If the Pan
American Commission will define the rights
of HJils hemisphere, mark out adequate neu
tral shipping lones, obtain rullrgs on such
. -mpt Pflfets of International law as affect
.JtfAlnterfau of the modorn world, an then
: ahgw a united front against any aggression
WUier Powers, the gain will be great.
, Jt'oeta as Logioiaus
Wi
ILLIAM WATSON, sometime- one at
England's mast promising cenny-whl-
tkw. Is all worked up over America's neutrality-
The result appears tn a. Indon
""panr and contain, among other things, the
,xdjBwtng trajcee or a poetic syllogism:
;--Aft ifteu her child, Uorlla the proud mid-day
ii. -f5jHw 1p09 vms wMiiuaHw M4 aa
. . neutrality! The tlr from Us din
V" 8nH at tby mother's thrA and enat thou
---iP5Mb With a eWanfefe'gsaer
n j,- . j.
; trrHinnr mt. wiu'm et m K
.fiSiar Kairtand'a Met cHi. Goiae back
'' fettfl familv hlatury will tarn ud sonuthlusr
aJeojit i;j that won't flt into bl ftjnalty little
fltUl pictuM. Poetic aalete do net arwaya
uie good aiguflMMits.
i i '"' ' I, i i r f "i ii "
, "c Trin CirU Jfer Selfujtpon
171UK centuries the public eejioel cureteuhim
ha li .-traiijtit iu tke door of tlw ool
'Wj "iilv a liaru.)ii ut jjuLlic sajioal pMui
. '' tib mm a Uilir education, -wailey the
rwhlaung liijartty ar forced into mUfi
pt&i L-uiidtuotu for wb,Ich they hv ftC
ifjal U-ui!iiil5 l8nHe Mep tuftard
tiim iBhw.x,icutm ut waiiual uX ut,M;rt
majt; im io be raUjid auhuule ut fjle
UtuftltMBMIlt '- ttel hitTh CAtt for
-.. s. rt urnrn tieie bm,inn.M U
eaMhHdiBAai tuvgrmm ot tiavfMt
i& wk.'-i. r vm eswWWipt,
- jh&w te i mm
M-m w5
EVENING LEDGISR-PHIL'APEL'PHI
With cultural etudles; they ask to bo fitted
for duties they must tak up after leaving
school, whether In the home or In the com
mercial world. An educational system, In
i order to fill Its true place In modern life,
must be flexible nnd always ready to ndapt
Itself to new conditions.
What Is demanded Is not less education,
but a different kind. Nearly 60 per cent, ot
the girls In the public schools take up a
wngo-earnlng occupation, either from neces
sity or choice. Public money cannot bo
better spent than In fitting them to support
themselves nnd thoso dependent upon them.
This change Is not n fad; every considera
tion of economics and humanity Is on Its
side.
Tho British Naval Triumph
ADMlItALi VON aiEE accomplished a
.miracle In welding Into a powerful
squadron tho few German warships at lib
erty In tho Pacific. He was able, off the
Chilian coast, to administer n humiliating
dofcat' to Admiral Cradock's fleet, sinking
tho Monmouth nnd the Good Hope. Tho
quick assembling thereafter of the British
and Japnneso forces rendered Imperative re
tirement to other waters'.
But thore was to bo found off tho Falkland
Islands' as formidable an enemy as that left
behind In the Pacific. BrltlBh naval su
premacy Is based on a preponderance In
numbers which In absolutely discouraging.
Tho result of the fight was Inevitable. A'on
Spqo know It and so did Berlin. It was
simply a question of how long.
Tho result Is a splendid triumph for Brit
ish arms, and It Is nlmost decisive. It prac
tically opens tho seaB, without let or hin
drance, to the merchantmen of the Allies,
nnd leaves Germany with no naval power
worth while except along Its own littoral.
U means that the choking process, tho cut
ting oft of all supplies from the Fatherland
can be mnde more and more effective. It
demonstrates once more the enormous Im
portance of naval power In wars ot the first
magnitude. It Is also a triumph for the
censorship.
Ships for Peace and War
GUN for gun and ship for ship the Ameri
can navy measures up to any In the
world. That Is tho opinion of Admlrul Badger
nnd of the great majority of experts. What
wo have Is good, but we haven't enough.
Our peculiar geographical position makes
a navy our natural defense. If adequate, It
will absolutely assure us against foreign In
vasion. There Is no transport service that
can carry nn army 3000 miles over sea, no
matter under how strong a convoy, If threat
ened by nn nggresslvo naval enemy. Sporadic
attacks on our Beaports might bo antici
pated whether our own fleets were largo or
small, but they could be hit-and-run affairs
only If our naval patrol were good.
We are about. In one way or another, to
build and operate a great merchant marine.
It will supplement tho navy by being a train
ing school for Bailors, and. conversely, It will
require protection In all parts ot the world.
Tho two go together and are Inseparable.
The Monroe Doctrine can be enforced by a
navy and by a navy only. We have volun
tarily assumed the defense of the Western
Hemisphere, and wo must bo equipped to
give that purpose meaning. Had England
at any time during the last decade been dis
posed to challenge the Monroe Doctrine our
defense of our position would have been diffi
cult In tho extreme
There need bo no hysteria; there Is no
cause for any. But certainly foresight de
crees adequate assurance, against loss nnd
disaster. Human history negatives tho Idea
that arbitration and Justice determine tho
decisions of nations. Trivial Incidents are
easily magnified Into causes of war. It bo
hooves the United States, In n sane wny, to
multiply Its naval power, not ns a threat,
but solely for protection; to arm Itself In
such a way that no other nation daro attack
It; to back Its propaganda of peaco and free
dom with the compelling argument of Its own
capacity to enforco either; to strengthen Its
voice In international parliaments by the
possession of such facilities for war that
none can question the sincerity of Its deslne
for peace. There Is no militarism In that: It
Is simply common sense.
But an adequate navy does not mean a
navy of tho third or fourth rank. It means a
navy comparable In might to any that floats,
In major and In minor units, with sufficient
repair stations and supply depots at home
and In our far Islands. This Is a burden
which tho course of events has prepared for
us, yet, withal, one the cost or which will be
comparatively light In view of the great
benefits to accruo from It.
No Equivocation From Whitman
EVEN "antls" must concede the woman
suffragists one virtue. It Is a quality ot
mind and speech largely foreign to politics.
They do not equivocate. Confronted with
this or that publlo question prohibition in
Ohio, for Instance they do not announce
with Wllsonlan calm that they are "much
Impressed" but unwilling to embarrass any
one by expressing an opinion.
Tho virus spreads. Governor-elect Whit
man, assailed by a committee desiring his
support of the women's measure In the New
York Legislature, has made them a straight
forward,' manly answer: "Individually, I
shall vote for woman's suffrage, but I shall
have to consider very carefully the sugges
tion that 1 put a reference td the subject In
rny message to the Legislature." ,
Mr. Whitman has the right to reflection
on whether suffrage may. best b"e forwarded
in New York by legislative action or by the
oomlng constitutional convention. But he has
PMt his approval of' votes for wproen squarely
and honestly on record.
Pverybo3y else having failed, the miners
end. the. gtrlKfcJn Colorado
If the legislature does not know what
poetor Brumbaugh Is going to & he dea,
" iiaapu j i i in naaiiis.a pit
The Q$aupa,Um of Vera Qrui aecompjjahed
sernethlas U made Funston a Major Oe-
jral a
y "i" " ' ' " f
The President's determination to give busi
ness a ebasa lft exjoeliaftt It would have
been mere execlli'nt attfl a. year g.
Tfce jHrapened Rgw rules for tfee promoties
of safety at aea ds ot apply to Geroaa
bottemftJiMrt mm-
' ' )"" t " " "
Tfrtrawitrt iwfinnn'iHaff''t" a a chtut-
mm WWW Hi W8 Thankfjrtv-
f -
' There ww a. tttt whan the nation had
plenty of merchant veMeta, but u mil not
have the laws which are now on the statute
Tint fAimoer 4etltute nee i
eM m swat acuWJrfc to tax iM
l fjpaiiit"fl ! Apmwifiwn
ftjfetflijea, TM" n avr s-
f
jgjHpjpjgjBKpjajgaPt
aMgfBy
I' '.
KOCKHILL'S LONG .
CAREER OF SERVICE
Death United Most Important Mission
of Ilis Life Yuan-ShiJCai Chose Him
as Adviscf Added Greatly to Amen
can Knowledge of and Influence iif
i'ar East. -
By CHAltLEMAGNti TOWER
I'ormtr AmlfMitdor lo-VJiiDa, St, l'etmtuirg aaJ hrttin
THK telegram from Honolulu which nh
nounoes the death, In a hospital there,
yesterday, of Wliltam ' Woodvllle, itockhlll
marks the end of nn Unusually Interesting,
Varied and Useful life, as well as of 'a career;
which for ndarly 30 years of nctlvlty Ift the
service of tho United States' Government had
not only enlarged the volume of scientific
and geographical knowledge, especially In the
Fur East, but extended American Influence
Into some of the most remote districts of tho
world,
Indeed, Mr, Hockhlll was on his way to
China upon what would unquestionably have
been tho most important undertaking that
ho had over been engaged In ho having been
Invited by Yuan-Sht-Kal to becomo his ad
viser upon questions relating to foreign
affairs when he was tnken ill upon tho ship
on which ha had sailed from San Francisco
and was obliged to go nshoro to, seek relief
from tho malady which ho was unable to
overcome.
William Woodvlllo Rockhlll was born In
Philadelphia In ISot; his father was Thomas
Cadwalader Itockhltl, and his mother Doro
thy Woodvllle, of Baltimore.
His education, like many of his experiences
In life, was different from that of American
boys In general: for ho was' sent to school
In France, nnd was admitted to the Ecole
Speclnle Mllltnlro de St. Cyr, whenco he en
tered tho French nrmy ns a lieutenant In the
Legion Etrangere, stationed In Algiers, Id
1873.
After three years of army service Mr.
Rockhlll, whoso tastes Inclined him toward
tho study of tho Orient, went to China with
tho purpose of traveling Into the Interior, as
far as the circumstances of thoso days per
mitted, In order to gain an acquaintance with
tho Chinese people at' home, an experlonco
which resulted In his acquirement of the
official language and of various dialects of
China In tho course of tfovcral years of study
nnd research. He was consequently a valua
ble assistant to tho American representative
when he entered tho diplomatic service and
was made Second Secretary of tho United
States Legntlon at Peking, In 1884, and First
Secretary later, from 188S to 1888; serving
there notably during tho mission to China
of the late Hon. John Russell Young.
Journeys of Exploration
Mr. Rockhlll left the Legation In order to
continuo his researches in tho Interior of
China, In 1888, nnd mado two Journeys of
exploration, ono In thnt year nnd 1889 and a
second In 1891-92, through China, Mongolia
nnd Tibet, which were remarkable In them
selves and led to distinguished recognition
of his work by Oriental scholars' throughout
the world. Ho received nt that tlmo tho
Patron's medal of the Royal Geographical
Socloty, whllo tho diary of his Journey mado
In 1891-92, In which ho traversed Tibet from
west to cast, as far ns tho high plateau in
tho north (Chang-f-nng),. was published,
with a map of his route, by the Smithsonian
Institution In 1894.
Mr. Rockhlll left China to return homo in
1903, scarcely Intending to go back to the
Far East In which so much of his life had
been spent, but with a strong deslro to live
once more in his own country; a desire that
was gratified by a residence of several years
In Washington which were full of the hap
piness resulting from strong attachments
and the Intimate friendships around him
there.
He wns appointed to the Department of
State, ns chief clerk, In 1893, and remained
there, under promotions whlclt made hint
First Assistant Secretary of Stato until 1897.
Ho becama the director of tho International
Bureau of tho American Republics In 1899,
remaining thcro until the year 1905, During
that period his services were of very great
value to our Government, and it ii probable
that his knowledge and Judgment had a
direct influence upon tho policy of the United
States Government during that troublesome
period In China; It Is well known that John
Hay, then Secretary of State, was a close
personal friend ot his, had profound confi
dence In his advice and consulted him upon
every step In tho foreign relations of the
United States with the Orient.
Ilia Services as Envoy
The later years ot Mr. Rockhlll's! life were
employed for the most part in the service
of the Government principally In the differ
ent missions with which he was Intrusted
abroad. He was appointed Minister to
Greece, Rumania and Servla, in 1897, and
returned to China, at the request of the Pres
ident of the United States, as Commissioner
and Plenipotentiary, in 1901; being appointed
Minister to China In 1905. He was promoted
to be Ambassador to Russia In 1909, and was
transferred to Constantinople In 1911 as Am
bassador to Turkey.
Mr. nopkhlll was' personally a man of re.
flnement and scholarship, with a wide knowl
edge of the world as the result of his exten
sive travels and the contact with men and
things In almost every quarter of the globe.
Ue added to his genial nature a disposition
that made him friendly and accessible to
strangers, while his extensive acquaintance
with foreign languages and literature en
abled' him to meet upon equal terms, the
scholars W all countries by whom he was
surrounded.
His published works relate ohlefly to the
Bast; the moat prominent being: "The Life
of Buddha," 1881; "The Land of the Limas,"
XS9f; and his "Diary of a Journey In Mon
golia and Tibet." 1894.
I he had been permitted to carry wit his
tnJiptCjii as, FweJea. Adviser to the Chineea
Govertuuewt he would undoubtedly have
UrottgN & tnnue of the Vnlad State
to bear upon the affairs of the Far ast to
a degree aw attained by ua before. Hit
death ajt international less tfl HrrfeiVW
and to China as well.
Mr. RoofcWU wanted Mlsa Bdlth Howell
Perkins aftd had two daughters.
Tits New Program
Fow the ! Tertt ftloW. ,
In anr new jwoinutt eniBluula ahauld ha
I laid na lrvlaur to nalora to uuaaa J----- lt
solrtt of t&afMt Amaricaalam. A' w-traid
nallltl, aa eur oraffkiher eaM R. la DMA
a feiantari; naJal Mffbr, bt a. Mm f
ieveloiing a helpful dUdallia. A
Th UihbohkI ViUos
rxm Ua H It U4M.
jMea wo f JMsr
SaTTi
Mttet- They
baa mt m
arjfjhlfr art
WarH-Mm! u-
mmmNC w
r m- mmr.rtr t
tfSftgm itMMMiL MiwlwawKM '
Ktr-ih liaHa eTlaa tkttsU .
mammtmm t se that tw cm i
tmmme- t
THtTEBDAY, DECEMBEB I'OV W
"J blJNNO THAT'S
DECLINE OF PICKPOCKETING
A Trade Hard Hit by the War Other Troubles
of tho Nimbleflngcrs.
BOSTON reports' nn abnormally low sea
son for pickpockets. The visiting gentry
ure alleged to be In desperato straits, facing
tho alternative of going to work or turning
gunmen. According to one active gatherer
of statistics of crime, ClasB A dips, or firsL
grado nlmbleflngers, are unable to net $15
a week (In tho course of a six-day week) by
picking an average ot GO pockets a day. To
net $15, a pickpocket must filch at least $160
In Intrinsic value that is, unless ho has a
high run of cash, which Is unusual. Tho
"safe" pawnbrokers nnd both "protected"
nnd "unprotected" fences are not philan
thropists. They consider 10 cents' on the
dollar a liberal allowance to the outlaw pro
ducers. They aro the princes of middlemen
when it comes to shaving off tho unearned
Increment.
Now, ns for tho gross earning of a week's
arduous toil, $150 dipped from 360 pockets
or snatched purses Is slim pickings. It does
not average qulto 40 cents per dip. One
pickpocket, who Is anonymously quoted, com
plains bitterly that the dollar watch and
the near-gold chain aro gaining tremendous
ly in popularity at the Hub. To lift such
dross Is utterly wasted energy. There Is
no market for It. You cannot dispose ot It
In small lots or by the drayload. Also, It
Is dangerous for tho dip to clutter up his
pockets with such base utilities and orna
ments. No matter how felt-footed you are,
a pocketful ot such metal clanks and brings
down upon you the suspicion ot the plain
garbed manhuntcrs.
Ponder the Immense amount ot worry, and
annoyance Involved In this petty thieving
during periods of retrenchment and parsi
mony. Think of committing SCO distinct and
separate felonies, miserable 40-ccnt felonies,
nnd yet so great offenses against society
that each ono Jeopardizes your liberty fo'r
from flvo to ten years'. It you are fond ot
running up totals, contemplate the cumu
lative sum ot 3600 years In Jail as penalty
for a net return ot $15.
Tho romance oozes completely out ot this
fascinating calling when you bring It down
to a hard-pan $15-a-week basis. No need to
moralize or Rollolze. It would only be rub
bing It In to remind these shabby foxes ot
the underworld that thelrp!cayune dole Is
evil-come and therefore likely to be evll
spent. Indeed, they have not the free spend
ing of It evilly or otherwise. Parasites them
selves, they are the prey of still meaner
parasites. At every turn they are hedged
about by spies and Informers who blackmail
them for whatever may be sponged out ot
them.
Can misery descend lower than tho lot of
a $15-a-week pickpocket surrendering a tithe
ot his earnings to an organized system of
gutter blackmail? Hardly, unless we an
alyze the case of the subparaslte, and that
would be a, tsk for a .BUperpaychologlst.
Even these' masteVs of Intensive deduction
and induction would not go much farther
than making a bluff of It. To the whole
some mind such baseness" Is the profound
est of mysteries.
The point ot all this la that tho coming
winter leaks' dubious to the meaner tribes
ot thlefdom- The reports from Boston
are merely barometric of genera) con
ditions'. Heavy demands for charity upon
the prosperous and well-to-do will cause
a general shrinkage in the amount of cash
carried upon the person, Add to this the
fact that thrift is mightily Upon the increase
throughout the United States, with 4,000.000
depositors tucking away $l,TSO.0O0,GOO of sav
ings in tight vault Furthermore, Jewelry
for ra.en has almost emple,tajy gone out of
fashion, and still furthermore the leading
tailors proclaim that buttons for hip pook
ets are Increasing In demand, and then there
la that modern contraption, the folding bill
waljAjt, which flu snugly in the' buttoned
& Surely ive may reason., that pot
only doa the piekoeket faoe a. bard win
tr, bjt that there lit danger that hli call-bsg-wfit
pasa away, altogether.
The apprehension of the Boston .oHnje ex
Mr t the pickpocket mm; either sees;
hMst 0ru4ry or turn gunman 1 laM upon
a yT frail foundtUx. He nay be driven
U hfliftft drudjjery of some sort, but it 1
nal ia Ma waju-uy to twro ewmm- f
min-ntfi of today a bolder sort npd stit I
in . ?ney are (Hfona-Atra
mS of peculiar ca Th psckyeeket Lt
a, furtive hybrid; part ferrM. (tart fv ntf
pajrt ieent b 4eeAi ifWn
iuum ftl9ilK cmer There fhouM
. ifrdm MMtiiM sbuui htra tea tte J 1
. 8HrKnp n
ft
ADEQUATE, BUT I'M BtAMED
UNEMPLOYMENT
One Hundred Thousand People Out
tions Some False Ideas About Present Situation.
By It. M. LITTLE
Crotrtl Secretary. Society for Oraniilng Charilj.
NO one knows at present tho exact nnd
completo facts as to the measure of un
employment In Philadelphia. We are suffer
ing from an Industrial depression, but aro
not In a panic. It is difficult to arrivo at the
number of unemployed because we do not
have a system of state labor exchanges,
which would keep a card index of wage-earners,
skilled and unskilled, and of tho Indus
tries nnd occupations for labor. In this re
spect, England, Germany, France and 'other
European countries are far ahead of Amer
ica. It Is one of the most necessary 'things
to be accomplished by the State Department
ot Industry and Labor, and Commissioner
John Price Jackson should receive tho loyal
support of the press, employers of labor,
labor unions, and the influential citizens In his
effort to establish In Pennsylvania a prac
tlcal system of state labor exchanges.
The present conditions of unemployment
can best be determined by an examination
of the United States Census of 1010, at which
tlmo the population of the city was 1,549,008.
About one-third of the total population, or
500,000 to 650,000, belonged to the Industrial
class. This number would be increased by
tho growth of population In four years, and
from tho fact that a great many people come
Into Philadelphia from the suburbs to trans
act their business, practice their professions,
work at their trades, or perform day labor.
There is no true accounting of this number.
The Industrial class cannot be definitely de
termined, but certainly we do not have In
Philadelphia more than 650,000 producing
people.
There were 8379 manufacturing enterprises
In Philadelphia In 1910. Employers and em
ployes In these Industries wcro 284,498, of
which 272,446 were wage-earners. Tho In
dustries In each of which more than 6000
men were employed were as follows:
Baker products ,,,., ,,
Men's clothing ,
Cotton goods , ,
Hats, fur, felt., ,,,,.
Iron and steel ,,,
Printing and publishing-,...,
Woolen, worsted and felt goods,
Carpets and rugs., ,..,,,,.,
Women's clothing
Foundry and machine shop .,
i Hosiery and knit goods,, ,,,.
Leather ,,.
Tobacco manufacturers
6,936
14.075
10.527
6,080
5.24S
so.au.
30,073
10.E63
15,627
29,641
17,027
6.400
T.634
Who Have Lou Their Job.?
The greatest amount of unemployment is
In the manfacturlng Interests, principally the
cars shops, such as Baldwin's and Prill's,
whlclt are reduced to about 380O men,
whereas 14 months ago they employed 16,000,
The number of men employed In hat factories
are reduced 25 per cent to 30 per cent. A
few of the textile industries are enjoying
prosperity, but meet of them are below nor.
mal. Some of them are scarcely operating
at all. It Is difficult to make an approxima
tion. Perhaps 60 per cent, of the normal
forces are at work. The Iron and pteel In
dustries and the railroads have all been seri
ously affected. The Mlflvale steel plant,
however, has recently been given orders for
armor, plate which will have a favorable ef.
DQVEU
Dover U the great channel gateway of Eng.
land. It is opposite Calais, Franee, and I the
point at which the American tourist bids geed
hy to hl native language and departs boldly
for a country where he will have to eenmu
nlcate with the natives by shrugging hie shoul
ders in all their various inflections.
Dover is only a hour fropt Franee bj chan
nel steamer, but it is upwards of Q0 years
dlilant from . hostile arms-, since wuiiahr
the Conqueror landed a few mile west of
Povtr in Wi so. one cm made the ii-mjia
orosilng with hoetile intent. Large nwirbere
ot the enemy have gotten lthw sight ot the
.town, hut they have invariably met an Bag.
Ufl battleship and have bees compelled to awtm
hoina.
Dover is a city of iQ.oee people, sJaweted un
der tha great ehalk llff o tie Jhgeh est
and in a valley between two sr hllte. Tbt
Is a eaU and a lUttfhot. built by the a
maw, but ralrsd Oaoe Km, e , blU ,.
s tttl on the other. Below the etlite ta a
an luwwr ihm w bum im ready te receive
iBBSJEfit
W?? ""fl! .I" tWrsUaaty,
i eW m aWa a.ra eauni.
4 M4r to UP I Hut a.
tertaUUMraBt. vu In Uiuae ot peace Uovai
m to fW XetM aolcUes that the LtudeeeM
h a aca-rfet U "
Uo- aa a Jweriu BoAuag irt 1MO yaM
a$s jd fcatf a Mrt la u. h eeatury L&xar
sa it owe df item Cluiiu Wetta wtw tut.
oUfe Ife lO M4 ts fcnl.jl, t.
we. 4 t W sattqr u'Vm I'M'
aVjUlilll! '
SURE THIS' AIN'T!"
IN PHILADELPHIA
of Work Because of Unusual Condi-
feet upon that industry, Most people do not
know that the printing and publishing busi
ness Is one of the leading industries ot Phila
delphia. It Is now quiet, but most employes,
are at work. Some tobacco manufacturers
are vory busy. Activity In the building trades
Is 85 per cent, to 95 per cent, normal. Tha JH
sugar refineries were at maximum, but have
recently reduced their force. The Welsbach
Light plant Is in full swing.
After determining the number of unem
ployed In various lines, It ,1s still misleading
to say that the workers have no employment
In other lines. Thoro has been a great
shifting of labor In the last two years. Bald
win's has not been working nt maximum ca
pacity for more than two years, many of the
men have sought employment elsewhere and -
some 'of them have been successful. This
practice holds for all other wage-earners.
Common Miiconceptions
In normal Industrial conditions, there ore
employed six to ten per cent, less than the
total of wage-earners In the city. Because
of. Irregular employment, sickness, changes
In business and other interruptions, at least
50,000 or 60,000 wage-earners ' should be ex
pected to bo out of employment In Phila
delphia under good industrial conditions at
any one time, but tho same wage-earners
will bo out of employment only for brief in
tervals. The industrial world seldom ever
runs at capacity. We could not stand tho
pace any more than an automobile could en
dure being run constantly at Its maximum
speed. When men figure on Industrial de
pression, and unemployment, they usually de
duct the number employed from the posslhle
maximum, which Is not normal hence the
frequent exaggeration of conditions.
From roports received from Wading busi
ness enterprises, charity societies nnd other
sources, It' Is evident the present depression
Is not more than 30 per cent, below tho maxi
mum, or 20 per cent, below the normal, which
would mean a possible 175,000 people out of
work In Philadelphia, 100,000 of whom would
be Irregularly employed at this time of year
at best, leaving, therefore, not more than
100,000 specially unemployed at this time. Of
course, not all unemployed people of th
wage-earnlng class need charitable assist
ance. In fact, a small proportion of them
do. The established charities of Philadel
phia care for about 100,000 people each year,
but this number Includes a great many
others than the wage-earners.
Recent reports from the great savings In
stitutions of the city indicate Improvement
in their deposits within the last few months.
Deposits for October and November are
larger than for May and Juno This Indicates
a large measure of remunerative employ
ment In Philadelphia. AH classes are feeling
the pinch of hard, times. The financial inter
ests, the big corporations, the middle class,
the wage-earners nnd the poor are now all
suffering together, and there needs to be
ciicviive. ana cnaritabia service and wisely
distributed relief, but tiip. .t,n,.i ...
out from the city alarming reports indicating
v uqnqjuons are worse in Philadelphia
..,i ctiewiiere iprougnout the country.
H.:i -?' w !2lUf K' ..llahm.n who
r"7 " """"" nwiasnis or the towns. Tha
tost Important attentat to enter Dover without
the consent of fh ,,.nn, ....... ",.... .' ..
navy took place n 1T, when the French Heat
KVi a .i." "wiwnon sailors thrown over
board and the knights brought Into town and
mnZT . Jn8? Ior na" ransom.
Blase that day Dovar has i,i ....-..
lively gujet life. Ita amtiieWents have bii
neLlr. hTTVlTT " "."" ,s ih Chan-
V&&!&zs ---
nTacTTisrv
Wfl ftr Wh&t nam 4ma.i.a .
H?TL?38tSS:.
deed
te4y
cer-".r,ff-??'e
Mar f.i
i mmmm -m, (
itired la hj v- I
ea;
. eaatrt anil eefeM) ,,, WWl ik004
Ulte 4mgm' Wfc, whUk Moo, tn ,ar.
'"Ji" i (rCAas' b, uy
' fa S-joms xru.w-