I fc i'i PS mi ! ' v It 3 t I It i W t lift lr EVENING LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA',' tVEDfrESDAY. ,. SEPTEMBER 30, 191a. AVIATORS OF ALLIES FOILED INVASION OF 1 FRANCE, SAYS FLYER Veteran Airman Declares Dirigibles Have Proved In ferior as War Machines Along Marne and Aisne. VAIUS. Sept. SO. Aeroplanes here proved tlielr superior It)1 over dirigibles ns wnr machines, According to French aviators, who say that airmen nro the kings of modern battles. ,, One French aviator, tcjtlnK In l'arls for a few days, says successes of Allies Ions the Alsne have been due to tho efflclimoy of the nerlal corps. He be lieves the aviators larpely will be responsible for rlddlnK France of the German foe. "It Is thanks to the aviator." he said, "that we have won our victories, and It will bo thanks to him that In a few days we will be able to hunt the Germans out of France. In my opinion, sufficient has not been said of the Impoitnnt part aviation has played In thli wur. "It Is true that at first we were n bit taken by surprise by the Germans, who had marvelously organized 'heir nerlaj armv In Mlence. They had more aviators than we expected, and excellent craft. Consequently they were able at the start to count on splendid scouting service. They were over our positions at night, and at dawn their artillery showed by Its deadly work how careful and accurate Ji.icl beon the reconnaissances. "Then we put into action our admir able iirmy of the air. It was not lone before It rendered exceptional service to the headquarters' stnff. It played a de cisive role at the battle of the Marne. At the present moment It Is a precious auxiliary. I nilKht almost ny an Indis pensable adjunct, to the victorious march of our troops. "I have been Instructed to make recon naissances on many occasions, both In the cast and north, in spite of th.' In tense fire by the enemy I have been able tn report the situation of the Ger man troops, note their movements, esti mate their numhers and Importance, and I am convinced I was able to b of great service. "When the war Is over, one of the finest paces In hlMory wilt tell of the role of the aviator." All this applies to the uoroplane only. The airman declared tho dirigible air ship has not proved a success. It Is t the mercy of an squadron of aero planes, he said, and he does not bellove It has any military future. WOUNDED TEACHER DARES DEADLY FIRE TO HELP COMRADES Militant Schoolmaster Crawls 500 Yards Across Shell-swept Field to Res cue French Soldiers. OPERA SINGER SAYS GERMANS TORTURED BOYS UNDER ORDERS LONDON. Sept. SO, How a former schoolmaster, now in the Urttlsh army, crawled fiOO yards across a battlefield to brlnn aid for Mounded comrades, though he himself hnd been struck by n shell, Is told In a letter received by the Hcv. V. Johnson, of York. A comrade accompanied the schoolmaster on his slow, painful Jour ney, and they were seven hours crawl- i Inr the 500 yards. The wrltor. FVrnnn-1 Dnehtir. w.vi n I French master at Arrhblshop Holsato's school. Telling of Ills experiences, ho said: "On the morning of September 6 the General Issued orders that we were to stand our ground at all costs. AVe did It, but at what costs? AVe 'fere going to charge a village hen n shell felt behind me, burst and hit me In several places three times on the head, twice on the right leg, nt the ankle and thigh, and once on the left leg at the ankle. I was left on the battlefield and crawled to a hut. and there 1 found nine others. "We were exposed to a terrible fire from the artillery, and expected the hut to bo blown to pieces at any time. To ward the end of the second day we de cided that two of us should volunteer to fetch some help; so I did, and an other followed. "Wo were exactly between the French and German lines, so we started crawl lng on all fours. We had no sooner ap peared at the door than as it wai a moonlight night the gunner saw us. How we escaped I don't know. We just managed to turn the corner and were safe, but it took us seven hours to crawl 50) yards. When we reached the ambulance In the French lines I told the cure what I had done and where my comrades were, and had the supreme reward of hearing him say above the buzz: 'You have done very well, my child.' I felt him kl.s me on the fore head and fainted uwa. Three hours later, when I regained consciousness, I had the pleasure of knowing that my comrades had been saved." Scotti Asserts Lads' Wrists Were Broken by Officer's Command, for Aiding Bel gians Italy Ripe for War. NEW YORK, Sept. 3i-Antonlo Scotti. the well-known baritone of tho Metro politan upera Company, is the latest wit ness to the truth of the reports of atroc ities committed by the German army in Belgium. Air. Scotti, who arrived in New York lust week on the I.usltania, told a reporter yesterday that lie had seen Belgian boys whoso wrists had been broken by German soldiers, tho boys' sole offense having been that they had taken water and provisions to Belgian BOldiers. Mr. Scotti further stated that public opinion in Italy was rapidly forcing that uumitn mto war against Austria and Germans, and asserted that the resigna tion .if thf Minister of Foreign Affair, the Mari'h.SH d! San Galliano, would at once precipitate the crisis. "I saw in Loudon a number of Belgian Tooys with both wrists broken." said Mr. Scotti. "It was horrible, especially when the sole offense of the poor children had been that they had carried water and provisions to the soldiers who were lrghtlng to defend their country. There can be no doubt as to the cruelties of the Germans. One's eyes do not de ceive. "These crueltiefc, however, seem to be due to the orders of the otlleers rather than to the brutality of the Individual soldier Thf German officer U above all ordlrury law. and much sympathy us we have for the Uermar people should not blind our eio to the rieosslty of putting ITALY PROTESTS AGAINST AUSTRIAN MINES IN ADRIATIC "Recklessly Strewed" They Menace Italian Shipping. Open Break May Follow Austria's Refusal. . .- , ', i '. 'iirrssnr. ' ' i I IswIllSttlfellJK sHBHkIW rsTSsBMWUr?KrS'kttTfillx(e' fJS Jt & X IFVfrTBaStatfiMiMfifAaMfclitlHIIilililililillililiVK" HHVHIIiBfc H i HIMIMP1 BBiiPHWWllMWPF1 MliMTIHI Hi " n U PWttS&fiHLKULLLV j&s v BV fi & m &it9a& 1 sVrsWsMMHHHHHHslsBBMwt W&FjzEKp&i I -is3sPsrMls V a WA h j& 0 'KKUlLai'BKTtlfC lsflssflBHPTHtJsaiasaiBllRS9saisaH ""-' Ml Mil' mssmammgz&m?mm - ammimiiwmmmmz&Kmmmmirmm . . FRENCH CAVALRY CROSSING PONTOON BRIDGE ERECTED BY FRENCH ENGINEERS GERMANS PLACE CONFIDENCE IN THE HOUSE OF KRUPP Teuton Supremacy Depends Largely on Superiority of Armament Works Grew From Small Forging Plant. Now in these days when the great na tions of Kurope are arrayed against Ger many, tho Teuton places his faith In the Kaiser, the army, tho navy and Krupp. In the Krupp woiks, because Krupp rifles, cannon and siege guns are the greatest In the world admittedly; while Krupp armor plate protects Germany's battle ships. The house of Krupp, as a re cent writer lias said. Is u national Insti tution In the Fatherland, and Its name Ik almost as revered as that of Hohen Kollern Itself. Krupp guns and armor torin a ring of steel about the Father land which It will require a miracle, be lieve the Germans, to pierce. The lionmasters of ICssen have ruled n hundred years; and now a queen and a queen consoit hold sway. The heads of the houses have been: Fiederlch, found er OSST-lJCti), Alfred UMU-STi. Frcdrlch Alfred aSJt-1'jO:'), and now Uertha, wife of Krupp von Hohlen und Halbach. And with the queen rules Dr. von Bohlen und Halliach, entitled hy order of tho Kaiser upon his marriage to designat himself Krupp von Bohlen. thus keepl : nllvo the famly name of the great gunmakers. For the lust male of the lino left only daughters. Bertha and Harbara. "Gteat oaks from little acorns grow." So with tho house of Kiupp, which had Its Inception in a small forging plant near Essen that at one time did not have sufficient business to support It. The founder of the line, Frledrlch, who was born in Esaen. endeavored to mnkc cast steel, the secret of which was care fully guarded in England. And in IM'J he founded a small forging plant near tgainst the strewing of I ...,,, nrocess lie had evolved. Mint dies, stamps for buttons, etc., wore ROME. Sept. 30. Italy took today what Is generally ac cepted as the first step leading to an open break with Austria. The Itallai. Ambassador nt Vienna, Duke d'Avarna,' was Instructed form illy to file a most 'mergetic protest n.lnes by Austria in the Adriatic. He was directed to demand that the Aus trian Government immediately discon tinue this practk-'. Some of the mines have drifted to the thore of Italy and constitute a constant menace to shipping from Italian ports As a result, the Admiralty announced today that navigation In the Adriatic 13 indefinitely suspended Inasmuch as tho mines arc the only thing which has permitted the Austilan fleet to remain within the protection of the 1'ola fortlftcaticns. It Is not believed here that Austria will agree to stop planting them. Italy will then be com pelled to enforce her decree by her army and navy. In the official statement sent to Vienna, It Is pointed out that many Italian fish ing vessels have fallen victims to the mines. It is stated that hundreds already have been picked up, that many others have floated ashore on Italian territory and that the fishing craft are lr. grave danger every time they put out to stretch their nets. The Instructions sent to the Duke d'Avarna speak of tho Austrian mine sowing as "reckless." Unless a satis- MILE IN AIR, AVIATOR SAW WOODS SHOT TO RIBBONS WAR IS MAKING NEW GEOGRAPHY, WRITER ASSERTS Member of British Corps Describes Engagement of Grertt Battle. LONDON, Sept. SO. A totter from nn olllcer of tho lloyal Fling Corps, under date of September 4, describing a view from an aeroplane of the battle eastward of Furls, says: csterday I was up for reconnnls- n it i WMl banco over this huge battle, i bet ft 1 1 eace, as IVlapmakei', Will iii ii i I'liieiiiut'i eu ap me uiKgesi in history. It extends from Coinpclene right awny to Uelfort. "We flew at fi o'clock In the evening. At that time the British guns all opened fire together. From a height of fiOOO feet I saw a sight which t hope It will never be my lot to sec again. Tho woods and hills were literally cut to ribbons all along the south of laon. It was mar velous, watching ' hundreds of hells bursting below one to the right and to the left for miles, and then to see the German guns replying. "I fear there will bo a lot more awful fighting before this show ends, but wo are certain It will end with us on top, although we all had our doubts about three weeks ago during that awful re treat." IWrltlng again on September ID, the officer says: "The huge battle still Is going on. Our machines after being out nil day still bring In the same news. The Germans liuve got Into one of the strongest posi tions possible. Fortunately, reinforce ments are arriving and are coming up on the German right nt Solssons. "I simply crave for cigarettes. Thev need to be carefully disguised though or they will be stolen en route." The olllcer mentioned that the aero planes are shot nt and shelled by friend mid foe every time they ascend. They hardly ever descend without bullet holej all over the planes, but fortunately, the vrlter says, thu flying corps lost only rne pilot and n passenger up to Sep. tember I. WAR THROUGHOUT WINTER IS GERMAN EXPECTATION A 4rt ... dnt f fa Wat limdil l la AVitdn4 an end M the Prussian militaristic coste'""1 ""' '" "" " ". .ln f ilit (111 aanrl tin IHllinilum n people are fully alive to "" """ ""' '-"" "" "BM ,. !' T "In It.ih th ' vthe Girm.it, peril, and their demand for "war f.' .beconi "g louder each day. "If the Marches dt San Oiullano, the StiniHter of Foralsn Affairs, rtslgll. It means Italy's immediate entrance into the struggle. "Tlie Marclieie signed, the Triple Al liance aftii the death of Cripi. and n.iturith il'icii not v. .eh to hreak with In-, fi'iucr fiiend. but the teinosr of th iMli.'n. penpUi is unmUukalilr ' Mr .-. . 1 1 1 said Un.t if .tar broke out Euri. i 'uiUku Mould not be furced to fight, is no on would; have to serve 'hi. na. iuo:e than V) years "Id He ariikd t ut Ssnor Guttl.i snazitt hod en fug, J .i -peiial steamer which would sail from G-ruM .in October 15, carr ihg all H the netnbers of tut) Metropolitan Opera Company who hod not sailed fur America. I on tu-vvriii thousand German prls-niift-,. in England." old the baritone, "and Uif; all ttteme4 most happy tu be c.ipiii'il The Kngiish were irestlng them splendidly and t ev had no desire to ifturii to the army during tbts war." CONSUL LIVES IN WINE CELLAR American Official and His Family Hide 100 Feet Underground. TWIUS, Spt 30. -Word has been re ceived here that William Hanjcl, Amer ican Consul at Kheims, his wife and their son unu daughter ure thj; only Americans remaining in the city The Consul and his family, according to the report made Ihtlr way to a wine cellar 1W fret un dersr, und a little way from their home and have spent most of the past two wevks tUfie. il.ij'r Spencer Cs'. Military Attache of t'i' infiti'iin i:mbAi at l"siis. has returned ' m n .eiais He went there '" c ! - '"f 'he consulste In com-pa- wl Ul.itrev Warren, the New Ycr . rt 51 s rt-prfd fi be pre psrlrs a rt--'t on the destrution of tho cat'ic'l l 'li- German bombardment. teports that Italian transports have already carried troops over the CO miles by sea from Brindlsi to .vlona, the cap ital of Albania, which have been cur rent in Home for the last two days, have been offieiallv denied. "Women Begin to Make Heavy Clothes for Soldiers. IHUIK, Sept. SO. Reliable diplomatic ndvisies received here from licrlin state that the failure of the Austrian armies to resist effectively the Itusslans has forci-d Germany to abandon hopes of crushing the allies before winter. Accord- manufactured, but so small was the de- ! "igly preparations for a winter campaign mand. tho works could not bo kept In ! ate being pressed. nneratinn. And. soon after ISM. Kruno omen oi me r.mpire nave organized was obliged to give up his house to occupy a small one-story laborer's cot- FAMOUS PARIS CAFE NOW FREE SOUP KITCHEN L'Abbaye Opens When It Used to Close and Vice Versa. PARIS, Sept Si -The nival restau tants In the dram! Ruulevards are still ojn in the way of business, but many in the eccentric quarters have been, by the generosity of their proprietor, who has for years been t notable and sun I pathetic figure in Parisian society, trans formed into free soup kitchens. i Another restaurant, prhups the mo3t . famous of all the supper places of Mont- ! martre, L'Abbaye, now opens when It Ued to close und clut.es when It used to open. It is a sort of canteen, and lt f hours are 8 a. tn. to S p. m. To It come ' cut of work ouvrleres and mldlnettes to work imd to eat. Where once there were bare necks there are now bare feel, i Jewels hay given place to thimbles, i I.'Abbaye lie Theleme a workroom the ! wur has shown no more piquant paradox j than that: SWEDISH SOCIALISTS GAIN STOCKHOLM. Sept. SO -The final le suits of the general election for member ' of the Swedish Parliament have bre announced. They show that the Socialists have 57 seats tho Conservatives Hi ant the Liberals t7 The Liberals lost 14 seau. to t's Socialists The Conservative neither lost nor sained, yet at the con clusion of the wa- It Is expected th'tt a I Soclalit B'V-r- "t U be formed. tage nenr his plant. The hut is still preserved in the midst of the present gigantic establishment. THE SKCRKT F CAST STEEL. Shortly before hi denth. however, the first of the puient-day Krupps cunlided to his son, Alfred, the socret of making cgf-t steel, which the latter developed suc cessfully. Alfred, with the indumltablo perseverance that captivates tho Imagina tion, contlnutd In the face of moun tainous difficulties his endeavors to Im prove thj manufacture of steel. Then came the Krupp opportunity the great exhibition at Iindon In 1S51. The obscure Rhenish steelmaker from Essen electrified tho military univeiso with a slx-pounder of flawless cast steel. Since then the German army and navy have bought 2,0 Krupp guns. And S0,0f) Krupp guns have been sold In the lust half century to 5J nations throughout tho world Zi In Europe, li in America, sis ;n Asia, five in Africa. Dut the Krupps havo never manufac tured munitions of war for France. Alfred Krupp's breech. loading riflo anil cannon, adopted by the Prussian nrmy In 1SS1. proved their superiority In the Franco-Prussian war. From then on the factory became world famous for Its manufacture of heavy ordnance and armor plate. I'nder the next Krupp the output of tho gun factory was Increased and diversified by the incorporation of other enterprises. And now the Krupp von liohlens not only have tho immense plant at Kssen. which comprises an are. of llttO acres. !35 of them under one roof, but many other plants as well. At Oecn, and at the three neighboring 15-mile long gun ranges of Meppen, 3f.00O men arft employed- At Krupp collieries In Rhwolnnd-West-phalia and Silesia, 10,(00 miners dig coal for Krupp branch works at Annen and (Iruson, where armor plate Ib made, and for Krupp blast furnaces ut Rhein hausen, Urulsburg. N'ruwled and Kngers, which, betwem them, keep another 15, 000 pairs of hands busy At Kiel CWi shijiu rights bui.d battle ships, toipcdohoats and submarines 111 Krupps io-cr (innmi.U dockyard. Geissel's Patent Converter Top Quickly chatiwes your open i ill into a stylish closed pro tected touring i-ai at small cost Fits snug over body without altering Hie original lines of un touilnx car or roadster. French plate glass windows on sides enclose all seats. Strong and easily detached. Saves on car main tenance. Il'iilc, FkO'U or Call lor Particular The GreggAYm, D. Rogers Co. 1926-34 Afch Slrett, Phila. PtlOf, I n-vH ZU. towing socletleti under the leadership of Crown Pilncess Cerille and are making woolen clothing lor the soldiers from direction as to nieasuies and colors selected hy tho Government. A committee of women, representing the chief cities of Germany, Is said to liuve been formed to collect jewelry and gold trinkets to be le-mcltcd nnd coined into money with which to ntiy arms nnd supplies. Each contributor receives an iron ring bearing the words "I gave gold for tlilf." The contributions, thus far made, are reported to amount to 2.0o0,000 marks !5,V0). Alter Many National Frontiers Some Possible Changes. . LONDON, Sept. TO. Austin West, correspondent of the Dally Chronicle, In discussing possible changes of frontiers when tho war Is over, has the following to say under a Milan dale line: "As for likely 'changes In the map of the world at the end of the wnr, 1 think It probable that Great Uiltuln will take over the German colonies, giving Spain nnd Portugal 'a share therein, as a re ward for .their neutrality. "Russia will limit her demands to Gallcin, at the same time settling guar antees for the entlie Independence of tho four Ualkun Stutes. Since Russia has no Interest In the Adriatic problem, und, moreover, cheiishes a warm friendship with Italy, she will not offer opposition to nn Italian protectorate over Albania. In addition there will be u rectification of Italy's not thorn frontiers on a national racial basis. "I think Franco, will, resume possession of Alnsce-Lorialnc- and the Palatinate, whllu Austilii will leniuln a German Stnte and form n part of the Germanic confederation. "This will raise the question whether tho German Kmperor shall be merely King of Prussia or also King of Austria. It s-ccnis to me quite unlikely that tho United Stntes will Intervene, and If Sweden should assert herself on behalf of Germany she would find her action neutralized by that of Norway and Denmark." AGENTS OF KAISER REPORTED WORKING IN ENGLISH SOCIETY Spies Said to Be Mingling With High War Oficials. Their Work Scorned by Military Expert. LONDON, Sept. 3i),-Tlio charge that Germany 1ms sent hundreds' of spies Into England to move lit tho beat society and mingle with those close to the Admiralty, V'nr Olllce nnd Foreign Ofllco was mado today by tho Times In nn nrtlclo by Its mltltnry export, Colonel Charles Replng lon. This nrtlclo nnd the charges which the Times makes follow closely the first ref erences of First Lord of the Admiralty WhiRton Churchill to "German lieuten ants, wlio havo been living In Kngtand for years nnd who now nro tnklng ad vantage of llrltlsh hospitality to spread their nets of espionage." According, to Colonel Rcplngton, Kng land has brcn Infested wKh German spies for years, hut there nre more hero now than eve before, and the Germnn Gov ernment Is offering high pay to .men and women of education, culture nnd com manding appearance who can mingle with ofllrlnls of tho llrltlsh Government In tho highest circles of society. In pnrt Colonel Replngton says: "The most dangerous of theso spies are not the lieutenants, but highly placed persons -who move In good society nnd also In the realms of finance. The Ger man system extends to all classes. Twenty years ago some of our olllccrs came Into touch with the Gorman In telligence service nnd learned n groat ileal about It. Even at that time the net was largo and was bo widespread that It extended oven to America, where agents acted tu the guise of business men, "Despite Its fervid activity, 1 havo not a very high opinion of the German In telligence system. The failure of this department to learn until August SO that theie was a British army In France Is tho best proof of Its Incapacity." PIGEONS UNDER UNION JACK LONDON, Sept. 30. Homing pigeon so cieties In Hlrmlngham today placed SO.OOO carrier plgeon.i at the disposal of tho officials of tho Government mall service. MENDS A PROBLEM FOR COMMISSARIAT' DURING WAR TIM . i. avtff French Troopers H Varied and Liberal Fare! and Each Soldier Carries'! Emergency Ration. I'ARIS, Sept, 30. Kvcry man In tho Fj-oncli army carrfei with him one day's roservo rations, whfeti may only be used In caso of extreme, urgoncy, They consist of 30 gramtnes UO',4 ounces) of war biscuit, .10 grammei of preserved meat, 50 grammes of epp: densed soup, 38 grammes of qqffee, to grammes df sugar. Tlicro Is also a litre of brandy for cVery 16 men. The food served out dally consists of TOO grammes of bread, 100 grammps of rice or haricot beans, 21 grammes of cof fee, 32 grammes of sugar, bacon, salt, and 600 grammes of fresh meat or joo grammes of preserved meat, with . 60 grammes of puree do legumes to make soup. Ucyond this, whenever possible, pro visions arc bought on the spot by the officers In command, such as vegetables' various seasonings, nnd sometimes wine.' Kcvltimllztng Is carried out as far .as posslblo by rail. The difficulty is that (ha regiments are continually changing their quarters, and thus the commissariat has difficulty in finding them. To simplify mat lei & each day n special station 'l chosen for each army corps. Tim reg. mental transport goes every day to thli station nnd receives two days' provisions, so that there Is nlways nn abundance of reserve supplies. If tho railway Is not available supptfts are provided by motor transport. If motor transport falls In u day or ld the corp3 d'armec draws on Its stocks of provisions, which nro good for four days. The organization Is based on a system of enormous depots at Important railway centres. At each of them hun dreds of thousands of rations of bread are baited every day and supplies of all kinds urc accumulated. Herds of cattle are driven some dis tance In the rear of each army corps and rested before slaughtering. The dally consumption of each army corps Is 120 head of cnttle, nnd the meat Is carried to the front by Paris motor omnibuses. Since the beginning of the campaign tht Commissariat Department has worked without a hitch. 4 !i:!:i!!.i!i:i'!.:; When You Order Your Coal Order Reading Anthracite Your dealer handles this brand a high-grade coal that has been the standard for almost a century. There's NO SMOKE and it gives you most heat for your money. Order now and get prompt delivery. The big winter rush may inconvenience you. For Domestic Use Order Egg, Stove, Chestnut or Pea For Steam Use Order Buckwheat, Rice or Barley The Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company General Office Reading Terminal y'!' , .: W2S ';,! 9 HEADING'IH ;v;i:i uyA W I to sy I'1 i ft mci' IMS !! !'j !' I ! I ft! si.il: Why Not? If you were to ask a salesman in the average store what a fixture was made of. lie couldn't tell you couldn't tel! 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