6
EVENING LEDOE-PHILADELPftlA, tfftlBAY, SEPTEMSEB $5, 1014.
EVENING l$s LEDGER
PUDLtC LEDGER COMPANY
crnus ii. k. cuntis. riioixi.
OW. W. Ochn. Brlnr: John C. Martin, Treasurer t
CHrlM II. Lui1ltiton. Philip S. Celllns, John B. Wll
Hum. Director. .
EDlTOntAIi BOAItDt
Ctxca H. K. CcaTia, Chlrmn.
P, IT. WIIALBT. ....... Eteeutlvt Editor
JOHN C. MAHTIN gtnernl BuMnns Mniter
rubllnhM dally, crt Sunday. at PcbMO t.r.Mii
Bullitln. Indepndnc Rure. rtillftdHpnia.
I.motn Cumt.iiiiiHi, .Droad and Chtnut Strt
ATtJiKTic Ciir.... Presi'Vnion BulldlnK
Niw Tons.... ....1TO-A. Metropolitan Tower
Cmcioo 817 Home Insurance nulldlnc
London.. .........B Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, B. W.
NEWSnUREAUB!
rfHiiBiia DttUD... ..The PalrUt TtujMIn
WiamxaroM ncnr.io.. The Post Bu d n
Nir Yokk Dentin......... The TJmM nuli4lns-
pUN Boamo . W Frledrlchatra;
LosnON BCRiuo.... 2 Pall Mall East, S. W.
Piua EniiB.i.M 32 Rue Loula la Grand
SUBSCRIPTION TERMS
By carrier. Diltt Os-tT, abt cent". By mall. rolra!d
eutald of Philadelphia, except where foreign postage
la required, DiiLT O.sn, one month, twenty-five eenta j
Dint Onlt, one year, three dollara. All mall subscrip
tions payable In advance.
BEU, SOOO WALNUT KEYSTONE MAIN .1000
C7" Address all rommuitlcnffOfH to Evening
Ledger, Independence Fgunre. Philadelphia.
K.VIEBSD AT TUB rtllt.AtlEt rill POMomCB 4S CSCOND-
CLASa MIL MATTER
PHILADELPHIA, (IIIDiY, SEPTE.MIIEII 23, PHI
The Mayor Docs His Duty
THE Mayor has signed the loan 1)111 In
splto of tho $400,000 which It carries (or
tho first of a series of Municipal Court
palaces. There was nothing else for him
to do. Other Items in tho bill were of such
overwhelming Importance and the necessity
for haste was so great that wise considera
tion of the people's Interest required Mr.
Blankenburg to acquiesce In one indefensible
Item rather than Imperil tho success of the
bill as a whole.
But the Municipal Court grab Is not yet
accomplished. Tho gentlemen who are paid
with sinecures for their votes in Councils aro
on tho way to daylight. Tho public Is watch
ing them. It is suspicious of anything they
support. It Is watchfully waiting. It has
Its eyes fixed on men who call themselves
representatives of the people, but take their
hire from the Organization.
There will be no business administration
of this municipality until dual ofllce-holdlng
Is In fact abolished. It is even now consid
ered by observing citizens as presumptive
evidence of guilt in betrayal of the city's
Interests.
Apply the Dynamics of Reality
WHATEVER the United States Commis
sion on Industrial Relations intends
to recommend to the Government as a
remedy for social unrest, it would be a
distinct service to society if it would
address at least ona of its recommenda
tions to the country at large. It is a rec
ommendation which cannot be put Into law
books or legislative records. There Is but
one place where Its realization can abide,
in the mind and the heart of every man wht
feels that he is a component part of a greai
social whole, and that If society can eve
arrive at what some early philosopher.
termed "the best possible system of social
legislation" it will have to seek Inspiration in
what some people call a social religion that
Is, Christianity applied to the problems of
the day and made virile with the dynamics
3 of reality.
0
I
HiU
Hffl
m
The Dumdum Dementia
vKE of tho outstanding evils of the Euro
pean conflict Is the irrational, vicious at
titude that the great States of France, Eng
land and Germany have assumed in their
wordy wars over so-called atrocities. They
have turned what should be carefully rea
soned, temperate pleas for humanity Into
mere partisanship Accusations of cruelty
the official use of the dumdum bullet have
been made by both sides with no other ap
parent motive than the discrediting of tho
enemy. Serious, conscientious consideration
would have shown the utter futility of it all.
No reputable evidence has yet been shown
of the use of the dumdum bullet by any
nation now at war. There have been wounds,
grievous wounds, unusual wounds. Rut lag
gard Investigation, on top of fierce accusa
tions, has shown that not only will the new
"spitz" bullet, of conical shape, make such
wounds, but that the thin, steel-Jacketed
missile, hitherto thought almost painless,
will produce a terrible abrasion at short
range. That, and nothing else, accounts for
the dumdum dementia. Meanwhile truth Is
forgotten and nations further embittered.
u
Two-For-a-Quartcr Lives.
N'DER an administration of the Southern
Democracy the country is ready to go
farther than "buying a bale" to preserve the
cotton planter from financial decropltude.
Secretary Daniels has come out for cotton
clothing. Perhaps he has his eye on a winter
vacation In Florida. Maybe he is only an-
tlcipatlng an extension of recent "fall
weather." However that may be, he has cast
n his lot with the Cotton Clothing Club and
rushed to the support moral, of course of
Miss Genevieve Clark's anti-silk stockings.
The first thing we know the carpet bag will
come back into fashion and we shall all he
leading comfortable, humble, two-for-a-fjuar-ter
lives.
Poland Should Be Free
OF ALL the claims made by the subject
peoples of Europe in the present conflict,
that of the land of Chopin, Sienkiewicg and
Pschiblshevsky deserves particular attention.
Poland, torn apart by th stress and tur
moll of Europe, occupies the most tragic
position In the struggle. Her sons are scat
tered under the banners of three armies.
Russia's treatment of the Poles s com
parable In cruelty and despotism only to that
of Germany. Austria alone deserves credit
and admiration for her merciful attitude. A
people cultured, talented and occupying a
place of honor in tho field of art, science am!
literature, the Poles have borne both the yoke
of Russlflcatlon and the despotism of Ger
-manUatlon. Tho Czar's promise of autonomy
to the Poles, like his promise to the Jews, la
but a delusion and a snare. Yet the people
of Poland, 20.000.000 souls in all, should be
reunited. The republic of Poland should
grace the map of Europe. Poland should be
free.
The Sure Struggle Upward
THE history of all society is the htstory of
strife and struggle iut of the conflicts
of the ages has risen the modern structure
of civilization. All along the path of history,
through favagery. barbarism, feudalism and
our modern industrial state humanity has
made its way toward the realization of an
ideal, which in its sum total can be charac
terized, as social happiness The attainment
of this ideal may be far off as yet, but as
sure as the earth revolves around the sun
does humanity march forward toward its
goal. The march of social evolution has pro
ceeded along well-defined laws of progress. It
Is wrong to say that we are groping In the
dark. We are moving ever onward with an
increasing Impetus and momentum. Every
now and then a gigantic cataclysm like tho
French Revolution or tho war In Europe
shakes the elements underneath tho sub
strata of society. These are but Incidents in
the great drama of progress. Wo need not
fret. Let us note them and pass them by.
For out of the travail and struggle of the
ages Is sure to como a civilization whero war
and bloodshed, poverty and shame, crlmo
and degradation shall bo no more; where
every man and every race shall live and
work In all tho power of their manhood;
where fine abilities shall go hand in hand
with still finer sensibilities; where every
child shall have full opportunity to develop
tho best that Is In It, and whero they that
are greatest among us shall be our servants.
When the Stage Is a School
THE State of Arkansas has done well In
passing its comprehensive child labor law.
It has erred only In classing tho child actor
with children In "hazardous employments,"
and debarring him from work when under
sixteen. The stage at its worst may be
hazardous Indeed, but under proper condi
tions It Is a valuable school for the child
of exceptional dramatic talents.
What Is needed Is not prohibition but reg
ulation. Massachusetts and Illinois have had
an experience with prohibitive law. Tho
verdict of the casual observer, as well as tho
expert. Is that It falls to work where It Is
most needed. Realizing the lack of public
opinion behind the law, tho manager of tho
undesirable theatre brazenly evades It, while
his reputable brother fears to allow children
In houses where they would be acting under
the best of conditions In the best of plays.
Colorado and Louisiana have done better.
They have placed the licensing of chllf'
actors In the hands of the juvenile courts,
requiring the manager to sign a bond to
comply with certain desirable conditions as
to education, salary and guardianship. The
child and the public have both benefited.
Arknnsas, In this respect, Is not helping the
child. It is only hindering dramatic art.
Conservation of Living Resources
SAFETY first, last and all the time is the
slogan that civilization In America has
adopted after a series of accidents and trage
dies which attracted public attention to the
value of prevention. Medical p-actlce for
many years has concerned Itself less with
the cure than with avoiding the necessity
of & cure. In government the voters are be
ginning to realize that radical experimenta
tion must stand the test of safety before It
is indorsed. The complexity of our indus
trial life, the multitudinous endeavors of
humanity In this modern age, the dally In
troduction of new machinery, of new modes
of conveyance, etc , render It Imperative
that extraordinary care be exercised In the
conservation of the greatest of our resources,
namely, the population. In "safety first"
there Is social uplift and social progress. As
a mere matter of economics the campaign
justifies itself.
"Mad Anthony."
ANTHONY COMSTOCK has made another
A blunder. Sniffing round Broadway, in
stead of keeping to his excellent and useful
work as a curb on deliberate, printed "smut"
of various kinds, he has come a cropper over
"The Beautiful Adventure" and Mr. Charles
Frohman. As to the play. It Is enough to
know that District Attorney Whitman has
turned down Comstock's charges with the
remark, among others, that "the lines re
ferred to portray a phase of romantic lovo
of a nature so delicate and Intimate as to
preclude either expression or portrayal of
vulgarity. The play is neither Indecent,
immoral nor Improper." All of which Broad
way audiences had learned for themselves
long ago.
It is significant and surely a most wel
come promise for the abatement of the fom
stock evil, that Mr. Frohman wrathy at an
accusation never before leveled at him or
his plays has sued St. Anthony for slander.
The effect should be salutary and lasting
New Duties and Old Troubles.
DOCTOR CHALMERS' sermon topi,-, "The
Expulsive Power of a New Affection,"
finds illustration in more than urn- instance.
Where is the trouble in Ireland? It has been
expelled by a new passion for the British
Empire. A new duty compels us to forget
an old grievance. The greater determines the
lesser. Miss Chrlstobel Pankhurst attracted
attention a few days since as a "fury." Today
she Is training raw recruits for tho firing line.
The suffragettes have lost their political
madness for the time, and are rallying
around the colors of the empire, which, after
all, thpy love. Such Is "the expulsive power
of a new affection," such the influence of a j
now uuiy oreaKing wiruusu jirejumce, ani
mosity and bitterness, as the sun breaks
through the clouds. The big perils and possi
bilities unite, tho little issues divide, una
way to overcome an old trouble is to engage
in a new task. Then does a man tako up his
bed and walk. This truth Is amply ilius
trated in the experiences of the everyday
life and especially In tho European war.
The Turk has talked himself into a return
voyage.
The Democratic party in the United States
is Woodrow Wilson.
'Watchful Waiting" Grand spectacular
Revival of Last Season's Tremendous Sue
cess.
Doctor Brumbaugh has been teaching
morality too ions for any bosses to teach
him to forget it-
The "atrocity" howlers may learn some
day that human kindliness is about the same
undr any helmet.
if the poet Villon had been a Virginian his
plaint would have run. "Whero is the mint
of yesteiyear?"
Wherever there is calamity there is the
strength of Mr- Penrose. He is at his best
in the community with the most men out
of work.
Italy can tread, on Philadelphia's toes as
much as she wants to and fehe will find them
to be the best toes that her solvere ever
wore.
That New Jersey Iron anil steel manufac
turer who went into bankruptcy "on account
of war" has probably not been dealing in tho
styles of those metals popular Just now
abroad.
The President still insists that the Govern
ment should buy a merchant marine of its
own The war in Europe had nothing to do
with this scheme except to give its sup
porters an excuse for bringias it forward.
PASSED BY THE CENSOR
CttlEF POSTAL .INSPECTOR CORTEL
YOU, of tho Philadelphia district, who Is
a brother of Georgo . Cortelyou, oneo ft
newspaperman but now descended to a mere
financier, is a busy man. Cranks, black
mailers and black banders aro his special
forte. Ho has saved hundreds of people
from tho clutches of dofraudcrs, nnd, Inci
dentally, has helped solve a fow mysteries
of which tho newspapers know nothing even
to this day.
Not so long ago members of tho Cabinet,
Senators, Congressmen, Governors, Mayors1
and others In public ofllce wcro deluged with
letters, evidently emanating from an unbal
anced brain. Tho writer must have spent
all his waking moments Inditing tho mis
sives, for there wcro busy days when Indi
vidual office holders received ns many as six
and seven each. Cortelyou was put on tho
case and tho hunt began. Suspicion soon
tint rowed down to George Washington Katz
cnmuller, a Pennsylvaninn. Cortelyou nnd
an aldo called on tho man. His room was
weirdly decorated with newspaper clippings,
playing cards, picture postals and odds and
ends.
Kntzcnmuller admitted his Identity, but
Insisted on being called "George Washington
Katzenmuller" every tlmo addressed. Ho
confessed sending the letters, but argued that
as they contained no threats and wcro sim
ply advisory tho postal authorities had no
right to Interfere. Knowing him to bo In
the right, Cortelyou tried moral suasion.
"I know that you have the light to advise
the settling of differences between capital
and labor by making both cat Indigestible
pie, as you wrote, thus killing oft both sides,"
said Cortelyou, "but don't you see men In of
fice seldom get letters from strangers, their
mall being Intercepted by secretaries, bo
why not send the letters to me and I will
forward them."
For a year, until Katzenmuller was sent
to an asylum, Cortelyou was swamped dally
by his letters.
WHEN Alfred G. Vanderbllt was a stu
dent at Yale he had In Vanderbllt dor
mitory a suite of rooms the furnishings of
which cost $15,000. A few doors away roomed
a student who was working his way through
the university and who was as poor as the
proverbial church mouse. The latter was
no respecter of more wealth, and had a
habit of borrowing anything he needed, from
a razor to a dress suit.
"Hey, Vanderbllt," he shouted one evening
while dressing, "lend me the scissors with
which you trim your cuffs, will you, old
ernment. They were known aa the Fifth
Monarchists.
TO STIMULATE recruiting for the British
Army In France, certain girls In Brigh
ton, the well-known English watering place,
resorted to a clever device. Early one fort
noon they went to the boardwalk and pre
sented a white feather to every man to place
In his hat. Naturally, the men gladly ac
cepted the attention of the pretty misses.
But at noon a change came o'er the spirit
of their dreams, for a town crier promenaded
up and down the boardwalk, crying in sten
torian tones:
"The Order of the White Feather has bcert
established this day and is worn by all those
who are afraid to como to the aid of their
country. Oyez! Oyez!"
White feathers were NOT In evidence that
afternoon, and tho recruiting offices did a
land-ofllce business.
' I
jra T---" d A i "ijWMiawJtiirTffia
THE "On to Berlin" and "On to Paris"
cries of the European combatants recall a
story about a certain gentleman known to
history as Napoleon. First, however, be it
said that Charles XII of Swrden was tho
original "on to Moscow" man, and that he
came to grief on the road at I'oitava, where
Peter tho Great overwhelmed the Swedish
army
Napoleon had begun his Russian campaign
and had crossed the River Nlemen. Czar
Alexander sought peace, nnd sent General
Balmashoff as an envoy to ask tho Corslcan
to go home like a good little man and stop
annoying the mujlks. No sooner had Na
poleon heard the proposal for peace than
he led Balmashotf out of the tent In which
they hnd been conferring and said:
"Mj dear general, do you think that 1
brought my army met Ply to look upon th"
River NlemonV Won't you please tell mo tho
best road to Moscow?"
"Thero arc many roads to Moscow," re
plied Balmashoff. "For Instance, thoro 'Is
the one via Poltava. Charles of Sweden
tried that one."
A reference to history will tell you about
Napoleon's "On to Moscow'" trip.
NOW that It Is rumored that tho United
States and Spain may act as urbltors In
the European struggle, attention is called
again to that most democratic of monarchs,
Alfonso. Kingly dignity sits lightly upon his
still youthful brow. An t-xamplo of this lias
Just come from Castile, where Alfonso spent
a week moio or less incognito. He put up
In an old inn, where modern Improvements
were unknown. me morning ho wont into
tho courtyard to make his ablutions, like
any other citizen, and to shave, a maid fur
nished a piece of broken mirror. Then she
began to quia the stranger.
'You don't look like an ordinary traveler."
sho said- "Are you connected with the court
at Madrid?"
"I am." said tho Kins.
"Perhaps you know his Majesty hlnwolf."
"I do,"
"What do you do for htm?"
"Oh. lots of things. Just now I am shav
ing him."
,. .BRADFORD.
Divorce in Kma$
rm h KB 'ly Ttmwi.
Oiw Mvuie proctor representing oieiy antf
o raft of divun lawyers making fees out of
that particular branch of the dminUimU"n
oi Jijstlco!
In It ai wonder that our divorce business is
in o very bad Mate of health and liielone?
Two or tlirtB or half o doatn proctors attached
tu the divorce courts tould handle all th busi
ness at far less cost to the "client" utul to
EQcien. The business would be much reduced
in volume no one would be tnteiest&d In pio.
moling it: no LuUueivo suits would duo bo
filed
CURIOSITY SHQP
Written on a hackman's slate in Kennebec,
Me., was the following. "Joe, send hacks
and wagons in time to curry the following
to the Bur Harbor train: One wife, two
nurses, three servants, four children, five
trunks, four valises, three grips, two bun
dies, on Me."
About 1615 a strange sett m.ide its appear
ance In England, maintaining that the mil
lennium was at hand and that the Saviour
would descend from Heaven and erei.-t the
fifth universal kingdom its followers went
so far as tu elect Jesus King of London
Cromwell dispersed them In 1653, but in t(J61
occurred another uprising, which was sup
pressed with loss of life They conspired to
murder the Protector and usurp the Gov-
ptiMitKkteiHp
The phrase "gossamer days" was orig
inated in tho legend that one Saturday even
ing a maiden was spinning flno thread in
tho moonlight. The moonlight drew her
up Into the sky and now sho may bo Been
spinning In the moon. When "gossamer
days" set In, In tho early aUtumn, the white
threads sho spins may be seen floating
about in tho nlr.
Jack Ketch, tho English hangman, was
first mentioned In 1678. It was ho who be
headed Lord William Russell and later tho
Duke of Monmouth. His successors havo
been popularly known by his name.
Tho quotation "He that runs may rend" Is
not from- Habakkuk, who says, "That ho
may run who readeth It," but from William
Cowper, who wrote:
"But truth on which depends our main con
cern, That 'tis our shame and misery to learn,
Shines sldo by sldo of every path wo tread
With such a lustre, he that runs may read."
IN A SPIRIT OF HUMOR
Recognition.
Instead of the usual "notice to staff" the
vltv alitor has canned to be placarded In the
ticii's room a "notice to gentlemen oj the
staff."
Yc district, street and rewrite men who
yearn for tho days of old.
When tho saucy scribe with his diatribe was
a bit of a common scold:
Ha' dono wl' score for the newer game and
your fodder of pork and beans,
Hereafter yo arc gentlemen who batter tho
typo machines.
Hereafter yc arc Journalists what though
ye long In vain
For a flowing tlo and a hunk of pie and the
price of it dainty cane!
What though yc dream of the olden way
and the one-time mighty pen,
Give ear to tho City Editor ho calls ye
gentlemen.
The Friendly Isles Will Slay So.
King George II of the Tonga or Friendly
Islands has Just heard about the war In
Europe. It may be ended by tho time ho
reads through the flies of the last two
months to learn what It's all about.
Natural Weapons.
Gimlet eyes.
The hook nose.
Tho biting tongue.
Tho hatchet face.
The cutting voice.
Keen cars.
Tho bullet head.
Iron nerve.
The sharp chin.
Tho marble heart.
The stonv glare.
He Lived in Boston.
There was a young fellow named Murray,
Who knew not the meaning of hurry;
And when he was chlded
He laughed and derided
His friends and declared
Really, if 1 were addicted to the reprehen
sible habit of using slang, I should And It
Incumbent upon me, at this particular Junc
ture of circumstances, to enunciate tho
lightly ironic current expression, "I should
worry."
Unlimited Opportunity.
Tho publisher was in despair.
"What's wrong?" asked the eminent
author.
"My best ndvance notice man has left me.
He's writing letters for breach of promise
plaintiffs."
Naturally.
"I say, old man, you're looking rather
drawn."
"Yes, I've Just had a tooth pulled."
Not Yet Decimated
Przomysl still holds out, only three of her
consonants having been put out of commis
sion by the Russian guns.
Yes, Where?
Where, where Is Whltcomb Riley now?
His rhymes we seldom see.
Remember bow he used to write
Step-ladder
po-et-ree?
Kansas City Star.
Architecturally Speaking
Shooting at the towers of ancient cathe
drals Is something to which not to a-spire.
Centred
"Poes your wife bathe? Tho girls on the
beach make some pretty pictures."
"My wife has no time to Join In making
pictuies. Sho and some others have formed
a board of censorship." Pittsburgh Post.
Vegetable Garden
"You should by all means have an Italian
Burden."
"Al right," said Mr. Nurlch. "And we'll
plunt some spaghetti." Kansas City Journal.
Not a Bit Heroic
"Why don't you see that your daughters
learn to cook?"
"Why should I? They wouldn't cook for
me. Lot their husbands supply the material
for them to practice on." Louisville Courier
Journal. Synonymous
Tommy Figgjam Paw, doesn't "reverse"
moan tu back?
Paw Figplum Suiely.
Tommy Figgjam Then what did Undo
Bill mean when ho said that ho busted up
In business because ho had too many re
verses ami not enough backing? Chicago
Post,
Mora or I.e-s
This war, indeed,
Is mixed up so
Tho more you read
The loss you know'.
Kansas City Journal.
And we didn't know much in the first place.
Great Guns!
Brawler Matthews says the war will stim
ulate literature. Possibly somebody will
write a book mi tho ' six best shellers." De
troit Flee Press
!)iil!usioncil
In Denver they tell of a young Britisher
who will sojm- diy inherit a title, and who
not long ago maiiu-d a daughter of a sup
posedly wealthy man of, that town. A month
or so after the marriage the father-in-law
took tho hushund ubidu.
"I am ruined"' he exclaimed. "Practically
every cent is gone!"
The Briton was a, good ost, however, for
he gavo vent to a long, low whistle, and ex
clulmed with a little laugh'
"By Oeorge: Then I did marry for love,
after all." Harper's Magazine.
IN Mi;MOUIA.f
Noire Damr ! Ithim, Scptmbr. 1911,
Men rld the; with loving hand
Thy stones, more precious than gems,
They wrought for a Light to tho Lands;
Now the Light of all Lands condemns
Hun and Vandal and loth
Who serve the l.oids of the Night,
Who have turned tbe coat of their troth
And darkened jur Lady of Light.
5Jen made theo beautiful, yea
Their hearts flowed out as they wrought;
Thou wast bullded not for a day.
For on ase thou wust bijllded not:
And they carved thy portals and towers
Fur peer and brugher and clown,
That the Bi,k of Our Lady's Hours
illsat enduie tho' the sun burned down.
B the grace of thy ruined Rose
By the gullied strength of thy Tower,
Thou ehalt triumph, Lady! Thy foes
Shall iGuct as the hunted cowers.
Thou iia3t not fallen in viln
Fallen' Thou cant not fall
The. shall irac thy pity In pain,
Who flung thee hate for a pall
-Let Wilson Dudd, ia Nw Jferk Irlbua.
DONE IN PHILADELPHIA
j
MORE serious attention to markets has
been given lately than at any tlmo slnco
1859, when tho city had time for little elso.
But tho occasion which drew nttentlon to tho
erection of market houses all over tho city
60 and more years ago had nothing to do
with reducing the cost of living. '
Wo are now beset with that problem In
addition to tho ono of convenience, which
was all that seemed to call for consideration
In 1850. The establishment of a farmers' mar
ket at 69th and Market streets, whero farm
ers from tho surrounding country, and as
far away as Lehigh and Northampton Coun
ties, may bring their products to Philadel
phia, promises to be a very Interesting ex
periment, PROM tho point of convenience It has some
thing to recommend it today, while In
1869 It would havo been Impossible and
ludicrous. Before tho elevated railroad on
Market street was erected 69th and Market
streets was not so near as West Chester, so'
far as time was concerned. Now It 13 a
small matter of 20 minutes or little more.
Ono of the first conveniences, wo might
call It necessities, that was considered for his
capital by tho founder of Philadelphia was
tho establishment of a market In High, now
Market, street, at Front. The old Journals
of tho Common Council are filled with refer
ences to tho regulations for this market. In
deed, scarcely ono meeting of that body from
1704 until the Revolution passed without more
or less reference to the markets.
In those days tho city fathers did not havo
authority to create loans and sell bonds for
municipal Improvements. When they desired
to txtend the market sheds another snunre,
they had to borrow from some Phlladclphlan
who hnd civic pride enough to advance tho
necessary money. There was some Income
from rent of stalls, from wharfage nnd a fow
other perquisites, all of them rather trivial
and small from tho modern viewpoint.
TJY 1816 tho market sheds extended west
rS .o, Mnrket street to Eighth street,
whero they stopped. There wore also tho
sheds on Second street, north and south, and
those still remain. Later In the last century
similar sheds were erected In tho middle of
Spring Garden street, by the District of
Spring Garden; In Glrnrd avenue, by the
Penn Township, nnd In Balnbrldgc, then
Shlppcn, street, and In Moyamcnstng avenue
by tho District of Southwark. The District
of Moyamenslng erected sheds In Eleventh
street, south from Balnbrldgc street.
Those were the places where Philadelphia
went to market before the Civil War. All
of the sheds, except those on Market street,
.i,.n,i until about 2r years ago, and visi
tors to tho city, especially those early
European travelers who came here to look
us over like some rare and astonishing tribe
that had dono well under civilization, wrote
enthusiastically about Philadelphia and her
markets.
WHEN Philadelphia started to regain Its
commerce and was doing a larger manu
facturing business than any other city in tho
country. In the early 50s, the business men
on Market street began to demand the
removal of the market sheds. They might
bo convenient, but they did not believe It.
They declared business demanded that tho
main business thoroughfare should present
a better appearance, now that the city had
becomo a metropolis by the consolidation of
all political parts of the county.
Accompanying this agitation for tho re
moval of the sheds was a movement for the
erection of market houses in the central part
of the city, A good many business men,
probably to assist In the removal of the
sheds more than from any Idea that the
investment would prove prolltable, took
shares in numerous market companies that
were started. For a few yenrs theio was
a veritable craze for erecting market houses.
Other sections of tho city became inoculated
with tho spirit, nnd market houses arose in
virtually' all of the populous centres. Somo
of tho speculations proved failures, or at
least enjoyed little success, but some of them
are still In being.
FINALLY, In 1S59, Councils agreed to tho
removal of the sheds from Market street,
and then tho market houses began to iissiirou
Importance. The Eastern Market was erected
on tho site of the Bourse. The Franklin
Market erected the building now used by the
Mercantile Library. Indeed, this building
was never occupied as a market, and tho
statue of Franklin, which was cut by Bailly
and adorned the platform over the entrance,
was later erected on tho Puni.tc Ledhkr
Building. At Twelfth and Market streets
two market houses were built, tho Twelfth
Street Market and tho Farmers' Market,
These have been superseded by tho Terminal
Market. Above Sixteenth street on Market
another market house went up, nnd still an
other at Nineteenth street.
But they were put up in so many nunrtors
that the housewives soon appreciated their
convenience, and tho old, ungainly sheds
were never missed, GRANVILLE,
Feed America First.
from t.lf'.
Almost any little boy or girl can understand
why wo might havo to pay more for some
things which are Imported Into this country
from war dlstilcts. Tlint Is a m.itter oer which
wh have no conttnl, We have to pay what Is
u-iked or go without.
But cun any little boy or girl tell why we
should pa mom for things which aio exported?
Alus and aliiLkl the old-fusbloncd excubo that
they who own tho stuff aio anxious to ho richer
no longer sultices. Wu are trying to get away
from the idea that we aio a nation of cauuib.ils
feeding on each uthei. And theio Is such a
simple way to fix it, possibly a number of
simple wajs. National government,, are grantefl
tho control over their expoits and imports. How
easy It would bo to pass a law saying that no
goods should be cxiioited so long as tho prke
here at homo Is hlKlier than before the waV
tumors began Mow would that bo?
Wo havo always rathci liked tho slogan, "Hen
America Fiist." Isn't "l-Vtd Aineika First"
quite as euphonious and much mure impoitant?
THE IDEALIST
One day a merchant erected n newly tired
automobile wheel right Inside tho entrance
to his store. He was enterprising; more
over, he firmly believed In the conservation
of energy.
But, more important than all, ho knew
human nature, one out of every ;'o persons
In tho throng that passed through the door
gave the wheel a fresh spin. Tho merchant
figured on the wheel being kept In a state
of motion all day.
Down in the basement of tho store a
washing machine demonstration wus In
progress. Its purpose was to show the
mechanism of the machine in action. It
mined and moved all day. For every turn
of tho automobile wheel upstairs supplied
power for the machine downstairs!
Home men make tremendous fortunes
simply because they bank on human nature
steering along certain fixed and prescribed
lines. They foresee the movement, thev
knowvwhat people in the mass huve done
wey Know that the change la
.- -
Ihb fundamentals ot th6 mob Aplrlt from dw
Wo can tako a lesson from these leaders
even If wo do not nsplro to wialth. Manv
of Us harbor an Indescrlbablo aversion to
meeting new people, mixing with folks who
aro likely to bo quite strange and foreign
In their Ideas nnd activities. Sometimes
wo think thoy know so much less than our
selves that thoy aro quito apt to prove Un
interestingly dull.
Tho mlnuto "you begin to mix with tho
mob, high, medium nnd low, then you begin
to know human nature. Contlnuo to keeD
your acquaintanceships within a limited
clrclo on tho strength of thoir social stand
ing, education or possessions and you -will
never know It.
Doubtless, tho merchant with the automo
bile wheel had mixed with tho mob him
self, for certainly ho knew Its habits. And
knowing its habits Is knowing human nature,
VIEWS OF READERS
ON TIMELY TOPICS
Contributions That Reflect Public Opin.
ion on Subjects Important to City,
Stntc nnd Nation.
To the Editor 0 the Evening Ledger!
Sir The story of tho death of tho former
Duma representative, Dszheparldze, which an
pearcd In your paper today, prompts me to say
a few words about tho Czar's manifesto to I1I3
"dtar Jews." I wns In Klshlneff on that fateful
day of April, 1903, which has gone down Into
history na) the day of tho Klshlneff massacre
On that day, the holy day of Eastor, some 60
Jews were killed, several hundred wounded and
their homes destroyed by tho gangs of hood
lums, who, with orders from "above" and with
the active aid and encouragement of the police
and soldiery, exacted a horrible revenge upon
tho people whoso ancestors, they contended,
were responsible for the crucifixion of the Car
penter of Nazareth, It Is not necessary for rne
to narrate tho story of that massacre and the
scries of others that followed. They are too
well known and still live in the horrified Imag
ination of tho civilized world. The Belliss trial,
too, Ib still nllve In tho mind of the newspaper
reading public.
I only want to emphasize tho fact that the
Czar's promise Is but a delusion and a snare.
He can no moro grant a resplto from the Inrllg.
nltles and persecution sintered by his Jewish
subjects than the protest of an Individual can
stop the slaughter on the Continent of Europe.
The Czar never has ncted and never can act
upon his own Initiative. Ho Is surrounded and
ruled entirely by a clique of bureaucrats, who
nre the real rulers of Russia. Thero Is but one
hopo for the Jews of Russia and the people of
Russia In general, and this Is that history will
repeat Itself; that tho present war, like the
Russo-Japntiese War, will bo followed by an
other 1 evolution in Russia, which will wlpo oft
forever from tho face of tho earth tho most
hated nnd most criminal dynasty of tho
Romanoffs, and that the victory of domocracy
In Europe will havo Its effect upon Russia in
firing that great empire with the true spirit ot
culture and modernism. Then and then alone
will the Jews and the people of Russia breatho
a sigh of relief fiom tho thraldom of ten cen
turies. JOSEPH SHAPLE.V.
Philadelphia, September 24, 1911.
WHERE DOES THE FUNGUS GROW?
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir May I congratulate you upon the engross
ing news conveyed through the columns of
your paper, both in the news and editorial
columns? Very Interesting was a recent edi
torial telling of the discovery of an Intoxicating
mushroom and Its description by Doctor Vcrrall,
of Yale. An Intoxicating mushroom must surely
prove a popular delicacy, especially If, as the
discoverers assert, It has no bud after-effects.
I have been Interested purely from a scien
tific standpoint, I assure you In the use of
alcoholic stimulants from ancient to our times.
"Tho Banquet" of Plato Is chiefly fascinating
in that It gives a vivid picture of the bibulous
habits of philosophers. Socrates Is described
as passing his cup until morning. Jack London
and Will Lcvlngton Comfort nre tho most recent
confessors along this line. It indeed seems all
the struggles against the redoubtable John havo
been in vain. As you say, perhaps the reign of
Bacchus may he over. But can you tell mo
where the delectable Inebriating fungus can bo
secured? It. D.
Philadelphia, September 23, 1914.
UNIVERSITY OPPORTUNITIES IN U. S.
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir In an essay on university and research
work, written by Hamilton Wilght Mahle before
the slogan of "Educated In America" was
created by war conditions, the author has this
paragraph:
"Opportunities for advanced work in the
American unlveisitlcs are now so amplo that
study in foreign Institutions, while not without
its advantages, la no longer a necessity, and the
number of Americans in German universities
has gieatly fallen off."
Tho whole essay Is a substantiation, by means
of concicto facts, of this nssertlon.
F. R. G.
Trenton. N, J., September 23, 1914.
WHAT HAS PENROSE DONE?
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sit I am slad you aic devoting the editorial
columns of the Evening Ledger to a campaign
ag.ilnst the election of Penrose. "
You know the saying, "It Is the man behind
fho gun that counts," applied to war. It is a
much more pertinent saying when applied to
peace und tho development of a real prosperity.
The prosperity of a country cannot be meas
ured by it. sreat material and financial de
velopment. It can only be measured really and
permanently by the character, development and
opportunity of tho great mass of its people.
A. II. TOMLINSON.
Swarthmorc, Pa., September 15, 1914.
A NON-PARTISAN VIEWPOINT
To Die Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir Knowing the powerful Influence th
Lkwibr wields in Pennsylvania, I write to you
In all slnccilty and ask whether you do not
think that this Influence should be riliected
ugalnst the re-election of Senator Penrose. I
do not write fiom a partisan standpoint, hav
ing only In view the welfare of my State.
Won't you give this jour consideration?
SAMUEL KUNKEL.
Harrlsburg, Ta., September 15, 1911.
Killing Off the Race
t.-Ai tlia ilirlcHntt Torpid
From the Christian era till the present tlm,
as statists nnd historians tell us, there have
been less than 210 warless years. Up to the
middle of the 19th century It was roughly com
puted that nearly ".fXO.OfO.OOO men had died In
battl fclnee the beginning of iccorded history,
a nuinbei equal to almost five times the present
estimated imputation of the globe.
NATIONALPOINT OF VIEW
In spite of the high prices reported elsewhere,
pork is at n discount in Washington Just now.
Now Yori. World.
It Is unlikely that any news derived from
German sources would change the current of
opinion in th I'nlted mutes ns to icsponsl
blllty for tho present war. New York Times.
Speaking of governmental economy, thl
would be a good tlmo also to shut off the abuses
of tho fianklllK privileges and to reduce the ex
pense of the Congressional Record by cuttln
out the unspoken speeches. Pittsburgh Dis
patch. The President has tho emphatic support of
Urn country In his vigorous protest against
"fake" iwace stories x.hlch have been sent out
from tho National Capital. They could oa
nothing less than seriously mischievous to (hi
cause of peace and, moieover. must put wo
t'nttcd Statu In a false und lldlculous position.
Brooklyn Standard I'nlon.
There is need for tho prompt opening of thfl
Fcdeial Reserve Bank system There is need
for a system of lliiuucu In the United Stuts
that will stabilize and localize the financial af
fairs of tho I'nlon one (hut will bo national in
its character and free from IllUit luntiul ia
tho slightest degree by the bankers, financiers,
and promoters of Europe, or of our own coun
try. Cincinnati Enquirer.
The Picsident Is to bo leiommended for his
rtfus.il to change bis Mexican polity as a lesult
of the it-ported quancl between I'ap-anza Ji'O
Villa. So far as the t'nitecl States is '-on "i-a
thct.e men lepit-sent the same Idea II ' 'h
prlnvlplfc of self-rule If the) must tight ""
order to settle the persondl Issue, the fact l
to be regretted, but the tirlnvlule remains w
same. New York World.