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EVENING LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY,' SEPTEMBER 25, lOU
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EVENING gfiBl9 LEDGER
rUBLIC LEDOEH COMPANY
crnus it k. cuitTia. Psittimxr.
0o. XV. Oeha. Secretary! John C Mnilln. Treasurer!
Charles H Liidinglon, Philip S. Coll Inn, John B. Wil
liam. Director.
KDITOniAI, IlOAItDs
Cireg II. It CiBTis, Chairman.
ji WHAt.E-V . . L11-: rjtecutlve IMIIor
JOHN r MAttTIN Oenernl tlmilnes Mfinixiter
Publl-he.! Jnlly. except Sunday nt ft M.'o I.rnoza
null'llnft. Independence Scume Philadelphia.
Jt-rroER CrvtbU, Broad and Cheetnut Street
Atlantic Cur.. Prr-t'nlon nuildlnx
New Tonic.... , 170-A. Metropolitan Tower
CniCAoo 817 Home Insurance Building
London 8 Waterloo 1'l.uc, l'all Mall, S. W.
Ki:VS UURUAl'R:
IlMataamo Urnrit' The rnlrlot MulMlnn
JVammsotov nuncio The rose nulldtn
IJKtv Toiik nroeiu The rimes tlulldlnit
nrnt.t.v HritiMti 00 FrleINchMraa
IjONM.v Uinkcu 2 Tall Mall Rant. 8. W.
i'lsis Itinciu 32 Hue Louis le Grand
SftrMilll'TIONI FILMS
Ttyearrler. nui.i fl.siv, fix cent. tly mall. polpalit
culnlrte of Philadelphia except where forelpn potai
I required. Djit.t um.t. one month, tuent-lUe cent;
Oiit.r om.t. ono jenr. three dollars. All mall subscrip
tions payable In ndntve.
nrtu anoo walnut hr.v stone m un soon
C3 Aildreat nil coniiiiintrnlloiis In Evening
'ti r.lmirjtrndrner Hqvare. Vhtladetphia.
fcNTtnm at tiii: i-im inr.i.ptm hittniiicn as sfcomi
. i'i.a" Mill. MATtrn
I'HILAIIKLI'IIM, I Kill U, SU'II.MIIKII 23. 191 1
The Mayor Docs His Duty
THE Mayor has signed the loan bill In
spite of the $100,000 which It carries for
the first of n t-eiies of Municipal Court
palaces. There was nothing else for him
to do Other Items In the bill wete of such
overwhelming Importance and the necessity
for haste was so groat that wise considera
tion of the people's Interest required Mr.
Ulankenburg to acquiesce In one indefenslblo
Item rather than Imperil the success of tho
bill as a whole.
But tho Municipal Court grab Is not yet
accomplished. The gentlemen who are paid
with sinecures for their votes In Councils aro
on the way to daylight. Tho public is watch
ing them. It Is suspicious, of anything they
support. It is watchfully waiting. It has
Its eyes fixed on men who call themselves
representatives of the people, but take their
hire from the Organization.
There wilt be no business administration
of this municipality until dual office-holding
Is In fact abolished. It Is even now consid
ered by observing citizens as presumptive
evidence of guilt In betrayal of the city's
Interests.
Apply the Dynamics of Reality
WHATEVER the X'nlted States Commis
sion on Industrial Kelatloirs intends
to recommend to the Government as a
remedy for social unrest. It would be a
distinct service to society if it would
address at least ono of Its recommenda
tions to the country at large. It Is a rec
ommendation which cannot bo put Into law
books or legislative records. There is but
one place whore its reallaztlon can abide,
In the mind and the heart of every man who
feels that he is a component part of a grcu
social whole, and that if society can eve
arrive at what some early philosopher?
termed "the best possible system of social
legislation" it will have to seek inspiration in
what .some people call a social religion, that
1s, Christianity applied to the problems of
the day and made vlrilo with the dynamics
of reality
The Dumdum Dementia
ON'i: of the outstanding evils of the Euro
pean conflict is the irrational, vicious at
titude that the great States of France, Eng
land and Germany have assumed In their
wordy wars over so-called atrocities. They
have turned what should be carefully rea
soned, temperate pleas for humanity into
mere partisanship. Accusations of cruelty
tho official use of the dumdum bullet have
been made by both sides with no other ap
parent motive than tho discrediting of the
enemy. Serious, conscientious consideration
would have shown the utter futility of it all.
No reputable evidence has yet been shown
of the use of the dumdum bullet by any
nation now at war. There have been wounds,
grievous wounds, unusual wounds. But lag
jjard Investigation, on top of tierce accusa
tions, has shown thut not only will tho new
"spitz" bullet, of conical shape, make such
wounds, but that the thin, steel-jacketed
missile, hitherto thought almost painless,
will produce a terrible abrasion at short
range. That, and nothing elte, accounts for
tho dumdum dementia. Meanwhile truth is
forgotten and nations further embittered.
Two-For-a-Qnarter Lives.
UNDER an administration of the Southern
democracy the country Is ready vo go
farther than "buying a bulu" to preserve the
cotton planter from financial decrepitude.
Secretary Daniels has come out for cotton
clothing. Perhups he has his eye on a winter
vacation in Florida. Maybe ho is only an
ticipating an extension of recont "fall
neather." However that may he, he has cast
in his lot with the Cotton Clothing Club and
rushed to the support moral, of course of
Miss Genevieve Clark's anti-silk stockings.
The first thins we know the carpet hag- wilt
como back into fashion ,tnd wo shall all be
lending comfortably humble, two-for-a-quar-,tcr
lives.
Poland Should Ho Free
OF all tho claims made by the subejet
peoplf-s of Europe in the present conflict.
that of the land of Chopin, Bienklewiea and
Pichiblshfvaky deserves particular attention.
Poland, torn apart by the (.tress and tur
Jlioil of Europe, occupies the most tragic
position In the struggle. Her sons are scat
tered under the banners of three armies.
Russia's treatment of tho Poles is com
jiaraide in .ruelty and despotism only to that
of Germany. Austria alone deserves credit
and admiration for iw mereiful attitude. A
people cultured, talented and occupying a
place of honor In the field of art, science and
literature, the poles have borne both the yuke
of Itusgiticatb.il and the despotism of Qer
jnanization. The Caar's promts of autonomy
to the Poles, like his promlM to the Jews, is
but a delusion and u snare. Vet the people
of Poland, 20.mi0.C00 ouls in all. should be
reunited. The republic of Poland should
grace the map of Europe. PoUnd should bo
free.
The Sure Struggle Upward
THE history of all society is the history of
Btrife and struggle. Out of the conflicts
cf the ages has risen the modern structure
of civilization. All along the path of history,
through savagery, barlikrism, feudalism and
our modern industrial state, humanity has
made its way tow aid the realization of an
idal, which In its sum total can be charac
terized as social happiness. The attainment
of this ideal may be far orf as yet, but as
dure as the earth revolves around the sun
does humanity march forward toward its
goal The march of social evolution has pro
ceeded along well-defined laws of progress. It
Is wrong to say that we nre groping In the
dark. Wo are moving over onward with nn
Increasing Impetus and momentum. Every
now nnd then a gigantic cataclysm like the
French Revolution or the wnr In Europe
shakes the elements underneath the sub
strata of society. These nre but Incidents In
tho great drama of progress. We need not
fret. Let us note them nnd pass them by.
For out of the travail and struggle of the
ages Is sure to come a civilization where war
and bloodshed, poverty nnd shame, erlirn
nnd degradation shall bo no more; where
every man and every race shall live and
work In all tho power of their manhood,
whore fine abilities shall go hand In hand
with still finer sensibilities, where every
child shall have full opportunity to develop
the best that Is In It, and where they 'that j
ore gi cutest among tii slmll be our servants.
When the Stage Is a School
THE Statu of Aikausas has done well In
passing its comprehensive chltd labor law.
It has erred only In classing the chltd actor
with children In "hazardous employments,"
nnd debarring hint from work when under
sixteen. The star.e at its worst may be
hazardous Indeed, but under proper condi
tions It Is n valuable school for the child
of exceptional dramatic talents.
What Ih needed Is not prohibition but reg
ulation. Massachusetts and Illinois have had
an experience with prohibitive law. The
verdict of tho casual observer, ns well as the
expert, Is that It falls to work where It Is
most needed. Realizing the lack of public
opinion behind the law, tho manager of the
undesirable theatre brazenly evades It, while
his reputable brother fears to allow children
111 houses where they would be acting under
the best of conditions In tho best of plays.
Colorado and Louisiana have done better.
They have placed the licensing of child
actors In tho hands of the Juvenile courts,
requiring the malinger to sign a bond to
comply with certain desirable conditions na
to education, salary and guardianship. Tho
child and the public have both benefited.
Arkansas, In this respect, Is not helping the
child. It Is only hindering dramatic art,
Conservation ol Living Resources
SAFETY first, last and all the time Is tho
slogan that civilization in America has
adopted after a series of accidents and trage
dies which attracted public attention to the
value of prevention. Medical practice for
many years has concerned itself less with
the cure than with avoiding the necessity
of a cure. In government the voters are be
ginning to realize that radical experimenta
tion must stand the tfst of safety before It
Is indorsed. Tho complexity of our indus
trial life, the multitudinous endeavors of
humanity in this modern age, the dally In
troduction of new machinery, of now modes
of conveyance, etc., render it imperative
that extraordinary care be exercised in the
conservation of the greatest of our resources,
namely, the population. In "safety first"
there Is social uplift and social progress. As
a mere matter of economics the campaign
justifies Itself.
PASSED BYIIE CENSOR
eminent. They were known ns the Fifth
Monarchists.
"Mad Anthony."
ANTHONY COMSTOCK has made another
blunder. Sniffing round Broadway, In
stead of keeping to his excellent and useful
work as a curb on deliberate, printed "smut"
of various kinds, ho has come a cropper over
"The Beautiful Adventure" and Mr. Charles
Frohman. As to tho play. It Is enough to
know that District Attorney Whitman has
turned down Comstock's charges with the
remark, among others, that "the lines re
ferred to portray a phase of romantic love
of a nature so delicate and intimate as to
preclude either expression or portrayal of
vulgarity. The play is neither Indecent,
immoral nor Improper." All of which Broad
way audiences had learned for themselves
long ago.
It is significant and surely a most wel
come promise for the abatement of the Corn
stock evil, that Mr. Frohman wrathy at an
accusation never before leveled at him or
his plays has sued St. Anthony for slander.
The effect should be salutary and lasting:.
New Duties and Old Troubles.
T-vOCTOR CHALMER'S sermon topic. "The
JL Expulsive l'ower of a .New Affection,
finds Illustration in more than one instance.
Where is the trouble in Ireland? It has been
expelled by a new passion for the British
Empire. A new duty compels us to forget
an old grievance. The greater determines the
lesser. Miss Christobel Pankhurst attracted
attention a few days since as a "fury." Today
she is training raw recruits for the firing line.
The suffragettes have lost their political
madness for the time, and are rallying
around the colors of the empire, which, after
all, they love. Such Is "the expulsive power
of a new affection," such the influence of a
new duty breaking through prejudice, unl
moslty and bitterness, as the sun breaks
through the clouds. The big perils and possi
bilities unite, the little Issues divide. One
way to overcome an old trouble is to engage
In a new task. Then does a man take up his
bed and walk. This truth is amply Illus
trated in the experiences of the everyday
life and especially In the European war,
The Turk has talked himself Into a return
voyage.
The Democratic party in the United States
la Woodnw Wilson.
"Watchful Waiting" Grand Spectacular
Revival of Last Season's Tremendous Sug
cess.
rjoctor Brumbaugh has beep teaching
morality too long for any bosses to teach
him to forget It.
The "atrocity" howlers may learn some
day that human kindliness is about the game
under any helmet.
If the pon Villon had been a Virginian his
plaint would have run. "Where Js the mint
of yesteryear?"
Wherover there Is calamity there is the
strength of Mr. Penrose. He is at his, best
In the community with the most men out
of work-
Jtaly can tread on Philadelphia's toes as
much as she wants to and she will find them
to be the best toes that her soldiers ever
wore.
That New Jersey iron and steel manufac
turer who went Into bankruptcy "on account
of war" has probably not been dealing In tho
styles of those metals popular Just now
abroad.
The President still insists that the Govern
ment should buy a merchant marine of its
own. The war in Europe had nothing to do
with this scheme except to give Its sup-
porters an excuse for bringing it forward.
CHIEF POSTAL INSPECTOR CORTEL
YOU, of tho Philadelphia district, whd is
a brother of Georgo U. Cortelyou, once a
newspaperman but now descended to a mere
financier, Is a busy man. Cranks, black
mailers nnd dilack hnndcrs are his special
forte. He has saved hundreds of people
from the clutches of defrauders, and. Inci
dentally, hns bellied solve a few mysteries
of wlllch tho newspapers know nothing even
to this day,
Not so long ago members of the Cabinet,
Senators, Congressmen, Governors, Mayors
mid others In public olllcp weie deluged with
letteis, evidently emanating from nn unbal
anced brain. The writer must have spent
nil his waking moments Inditing the mis
sives, for there wete busy days when Indi
vidual olllcc holders received ns many ns sis
nnd seven each. Cortelyou w-as put on the
case and tho hunt began. Suspicion soon
narrowed down to George Washington Kntz
cnmullor, a Pennsylvnnlan. Cortelyou nnd
an tilde called on tho man. His room was
welidly decorated with newspaper clippings,
playing cards, picture postnls and odds and
ends.
Kntzenmuller ndmlttcd his Identity, but
Insisted on being called "George Washington
Kntzciunuller" every time nddrcsscd, Ho
confessed sending the letters, but argued that
an they contained no threats and were slm
'ply advisory tho postal authorities had no
right to Interfere. Knowing him to be In
the tight, Cortelyou tried moral suasion.
"I know that you have the right to advise
tho settling of differences between capital
and labor by making both eat Indigestible
pic, as you wrote, thus killing off both sides,"
snld Coitolyou, "but don't you see men In of
fice seldom got letters from strangers, their
mnll being Intercepted by secretaries. So
why not send the letters to mo and I will
forward them."
For a year, until Kntzenmuller was sent
to nn asylum, Cortelyou was swamped dally
by his letters.
WHEN Alfred G. Vanderbllt was a stu
dent at Ynlo he bad In Vanderbllt dor
mitory n suite of rooms the furnishings of
which cost $15,000. A few doors away roomed
a student who was working his way through
the university and who was as poor as the
proverbial church mouse. The latter was
no respecter of mere wealth, and had a
habit of borrowing anything he needed, from
a razor to a dress suit.
"Hey. Vanderbllt," be shouted ono evening
while dressing, "lend mo the scissors with
which you trim your cuffs, will you, old
man?"
The phrase "gossamer days" was orig
inated In the legend that one Saturday even
ing a maiden was splnnlrig lino thread In
the moonlight. The moonlight drew her
tip Into the sky and now she may be seen
spinning In the moon. When "gossamer
days" set In, In the early autumn, the white
threads she spins tnny bo Been floating
about In the nlr. ,
Jack Ketch, the English hangman, was
first mentioned In 1678. It was ho who be
headed Lord William Russell and later tho
Duke of Monmouth. His successors have
been popularly known by his name.
Tho quotation "He that runs may road" Is
not from Hubnkkuk, who says, "That ho
may run who rendeth It," but from William
Cowpcr, who wrote:
"Rut truth on which depends our main con
cern, That 'tis our shnmo and misery to learn,
Shines side by side of every path we tread
With such a lustre, he that runs may road,"
JDONE IN PHILADELPHIA
IN A SPIRIT OF HUMOR
TO STIMULATE recruiting for tho British
Army in France, certain girls in Brigh
ton, tho well-known English watering place,
resorted to a clever device. Early one fore
noon they went to the boardwalk and pre
sented a white feather to every man to place
In his hat. Naturally, the men gladly ac
cepted the attention of the pretty misses.
But at noon a change came o'er the spirit
of their dreams, for a town crier promenaded
up and down the boardwalk, crying in sten
torian tones:
"The Order of the White Feather has been
established this day and is worn by all those
who are afraid to come to" the aid of their
country. Oyez! Oyez!"
White feathers were NOT in evidence that
afternoon, and the recruiting offices did a
land-ofllce business.
THE "On to Berlin" and "On to Paris"
cries of tho European combatants recall a
story about a certain gentleman known to
history as Napoleon. First, however, be It
said that Charles XII of Sweden was tho
original "On to Moscow" man, and that he
came to grlof on tho road at Pultawa, whero
Peter the Great overwhelmed the Swedish
at my.
Napoleon had begun his Russian campaign
and had crossed the River Nieman. Czar
Alexander sought peace, and sent General
Balmashoff as nn envoy to ask the Corslcan
to go home like a good little man and stop
annoying the mujlks. No sooner had Na
poleon heard the proposal for peace than
he led Balmashoff out of the tent In which
they had been conferring and s.aid:
"My dear general, do you- think that I
brought my army merely to look upon tile
River Nlonian? Won't you please tell me the
best road to Moscow?"
"There aro many roads to Moscow," re
plied Balmashoff. "For Instance, there Is
tho one via Pultawa. Charles of Sweden
tried that one."
A reference to history will tell you about
Napoleon's "On to Moscow'" trip.
Recognition.
Instead of tho usual "notlco to staff" tho
city editor has caused to bo placarded In, tho
news room a "notlco to gentlemen of tho
staff."
Ye district, street and rewrite men who
yearn for the days of old,
When the saucy scribe with his diatribe was
a bit of a common scold;
Ha' done wl' score for tho newer gamo and
your fodder of pork and beans,
Hereafter ye arc gentlemen who batter tho
typo machines.
Hereafter ye aro journalists what though
ye long in vain
For a flowing tie and a hunk of pie and the
price of a dainty cane:
What though yo dream of tho olden way
and the onc-tlmo mighty pen,
Give ear to tho City Editor ho calls ye
gentlemen.
The Friendly Isles Will Stay So.
King Georgo II of tho Tonga or Friendly
Islands hns just heard obout tho war In
Europe. It may be ended by the time ho
reads through the files of the last two
months to learn what it's all about.
Natural Weapons.
Gimlet oyes.
The hook nose.
Tho biting tongue.
Tho hatchet face.
Tho cutting voice.
Keen cars.
The bullet head.
Iron nerve.
The sharp chin.
The marble heart.
Tho stony glare.
He Lived in Boston.
There was a young fellow named Murray,
Who knew not the meaning of hurry;
And when he was chlded
He laughed and derided
His friends and declared
Really, if I were addicted to the reprehen
sible habit of using slang, I should find It
Incumbent upon me, at this particular junc
ture of circumstances, to enunciate the
lightly Ironic current expression, "I should
worry."
Unlimited Opportunity.
The publisher was In despair.
"What's wrong?" asked the eminent
author.
"My best advance notice man has left me.
He's writing letters for breach of promlso
plaintiffs."
Naturally,
old man, you're
looking rather
NE
OW that It is rumored that the United
States and Spain may act as arbiters In
the European struggle, attention Is called
again to that most democratic of monarchs,
Alfonso. Kingly dignity sits lightly upon his
still youthful brow. An example of this has
Just come from Castile, where, Alfonso spent
J a week more or less Incognito. He put up
in an old Inn, where modern Improvements
were unknown. One morning he went Into
the courtyard to make his ablutions, like
any other citizen, and to shave. A maid fur
nished a piece of broken mirror. Then she
began to quiz the stranger.
"You don't look like an ordinary traveler,"
she said. "Are you connected with the court
at Madrid?"
"I am." said the King.
"Perhaps you Know his Majesty himself."
"I do,"
"What do you do for him?"
"Oh, lots of things. Just now I am shav
ing him.1'
BRADFORD.
Divorce in Kansas
From ihe Kansas ity TITO'S.
One divorce proctor representing society and
a raft of divorce lawjers making fees out of
thnt particular branch of the administration
ot justice!
Is It any wonder that our divorce business Is
In a very bad ttate of health and hygiene?
Two or thrte or half a dozen proctors attached
to the divorce courts could handle all the busi
ness nt far less cost to the "clients" and to
society. The business would be much reduced
in volume no one would be Interested In pro
moting It; no collusive suits would dare be
filed
CURIOSITY SHOP
Written on a hackman's slate in Kennebec,
Me., was the following- "Joe, send hacks
and wagons in time to carry the following
to the liar Harbor train: One wife, two
nurses, three servants, four children, five
trunks, four valises, three grips, two bun
dles, one Me."
About ICtS a strange sect made Its appear
ance in England, maintaining that the mil
lennium was at hand and that the Saviour
would descend from Heaven and erect the
fifth universal kingdom. Its followers went
so far as to elect Jesus King of London
Cromwell dispersed them In 1633. but in 1661
occurred another uprising, which was sup
pressed with loss of life. They conspired to
murder tho Protector and usurp, the Gov-
"I say
drawn.
"Yes, I've just had a tooth pulled."
Not Yet Decimated
Przmysl still holds out, only three of her
consonants having been put out of commis
sion by the Russian guns.
Yes, Where?
Where, where Is Whltcomb Riley now?
His rhymes we seldom see.
Remember how he used to write
Step-ladder
po-ct-ree?
Architecturally Speaking
Shooting at the towers of ancient cathe
drals is something to which not to a-splre.
Censored
"Does your wife bathe? Tho girls on tho
beach make some pretty pictures."
"My wife has no time to join in making
pictures. She and some others have formed
a board of censorship." Pittsburgh Post.
Vegetable Gardens
"You should by all means have an Italian
garden."
"Al right," said Mr. Nurlch. "And we'll
plant some spaghetti." Knnsaa City Journal.
Not a Bet Heroic
"Why don't you see that your daughters
learn to cook?"
"Why should I? They wouldn't cook for
me. Let their -husbands suply the material
for them to practice on." Louisville Courier
Journal. Synonymous
Tommy Flggjam Paw, doesn't "reverse"
mean to back?
Paw Figglam Surely.
Tommy Flggjam Then what did Uncle
Bill mean when he said that he busted up
in business because he had too many re
verses and not enough backing? Chicago
Post.
More or JLess
This war, indeed,
Is mixed up so
The more you read
The less you know,
Kansas City Journal.
Creat Guns!
Brander Matthews says the war will stim
ulate literature. Possibly somebody will
write a book on the "six best shellers." De
troit Free Press.
Disillusioned
In Denver they tell of a young Britisher
who will some day Inherit a title, and who
not long ago married a daughter of a sup
posedly wealthy man of that town. A month
or so after the marriage the father-in-law
took the husband aside.
"I am ruined!" he exclaimed. "Practically
every cent Is gone!"
The Briton was a good loser, however, for
he gave vent to a long, low whistle, and ex
claimed with a little laugh!
"By George! Then I did marry for love,
after all." Harper's Magazine.
IN MEMORIAM
Notre Paine da Rhelnis, September, IBM.
Men raised thee with loving hands;
Thy stones, more precious than (?ema,
They wrought for a Light to the Lands;
Now the Light of all Lands condemns
Hun and Vandal and Goth
Who serve the Lords of the Night,
Who have turned the coat of their troth
And darkened Our Lady of Light.
Men made thee beautiful, yea
Their hearts flowed out as they wrought;
Thou wast budded not for a day.
For an age thou wast bullded not:
And they carved thy portals and towers
For peer and brugher and clown,
That the Hook of Our Lady's Hours
Might endure tho' the sun burned down.
By the grace of thy ruined Rose
By the sullied strength of thy Towers,
Thou shalt triumph, Lady! Thy foes
Shall cower as the hunted cowers.
Thou hast not fallen in vain
Fallen? Thou canst not fall:
They shall crave thy pity in pain.
Who flung thee hate for a pall.
-Leo WlUoa Dod.S. la Nw Yotk Tribune.
MORE serious attention to markets has
been given lately than at any tlmo slnco
1859, when the city had time- for ilttle else.
Hut tho occasion which drew attention to tho
erection of market houses nil over tho city
60 add more years ogo had nothing to do
with reducing the cost of living.
Wo aro now beset with that problem In
addition to tho ono of convenience, which
wns all that seemed to call for consideration
In 1859. The establishment of a farmers' mar
ket at 69lh and Market streets, whero farm
ers from tho surrounding country, and as
far away as Lehigh and Northampton Coun
ties, may bring their products to Philadel
phia, promises to be a very Interesting ex
periment. '
FROM tho point of convenience It has some
thing to recommend It today, while In
1S39 It would havo been Impossible and
ludicrous. Before the elevated railroad on
Market street was erected G9th and Market
streets wns not so near us West Chester, so
far as tlmo was concerned. Now' It Is a
small matter of 20 minutes or little more.
One of the first conveniences, wo might
call It necessities, thnt was considered for his
capital by tho founder of Philadelphia was
the establishment of a. market In High, now
Market, street, at Front. Tho old Journals
of tho Common Council aro filled with refer
ences to the regulations for this market. In
deed, scarcely one mooting of that body from
1704 until the Revolution passed without more
or less reference to tho markets.
In thoso days tho city fathers did not havo
authority to create loans nnd sell bonds for
municipal improvements. When they desired
to extend the market sheds another square,
they had to borrow from some Phlladolphlan
who had civic pride enough to advance the
necessary money. There was somo Income
from rent of stalls, from wharfage and a few
other perquisites, all of them rather trivial
and small from tho modern viewpoint.
1-iY 1S1G the market sheds extended west-
J) ward on Market street to Eighth street,
where they stopped. There wore also tho
sheds on Second street, north nnd south, and
these still remain. Later In the lust century
similar sheds were erected In the middle of
Spring Gnrden street, by tho District of
Spring Garden; In Glrnrd avenue, by tho
Penn Township, and In Balnbrldgo, then
Shlppen. street, nnd In Moyamenslng avenue
by the District of Southwnrk. Tho District
of Moyamenslng erected sheds In Eleventh
,,ri. smith from Balnbrldgo street.
Thoso were the places where Philadelphia
went to market before tho Civil War. All
of tho sheds, except those on Market street,
survived until about 25 years ago, and vlsl
tots to tho city, especially those early
European travelers who came here to look
us over like som6 rare and astonishing tribe
that had done well under civilization, wrote
enthusiastically about Philadelphia and her
markets.
WHEN Philadelphia started to regain its
commerce and wns doing a larger manu
facturing business than any other city tn tho
country, in the early 50s, tho business men
on Market street began to demand the
removal of the market sheds. They might
bo convenient, but they did not believe It.
Thoy declared business demanded that tho
main business thoroughfnro should present
a better appearance, now that the city had
become a metropolis by tho consolidation of
all political parts of the county.
Accompanying this agitation for tho re
moval of the sheds was a movement for tho
erection of market houbes in the central part
of tho city. A good many business men,
probably to assist In tho removal of the
sheds more than from any Idea that the
Investment would prove profitable, took
shares In numerous market companies that
were started. For a few years there was
a veritable craze for erecting market houses.
Other sections of tho city becamo Inoculated
with the spirit, and market houses aroso In
vlrtuallv all of the populous centres. . Somo
of tho speculations proved failures, or at
least enjoyed little success, but some of them
are still In being.
FINALLY', In 1859, Councils agreed) to tho
removal of tho sheds from Market street,
and then the market houses began to nssumo
Importance. Tho Eastern Market was erected
on tho site of the Bourse. Tho Franklin
.Market erected the building now used by tho
Mercantile Library. Indeed, this building
was never occupied as a market, and tho
statue of Franklin, which was cut by Ballly
and adorned the platform over the entrance,
was later erected on tho Public Ledoeh
Building. At Twelfth and Market streets
two market houses were built, tho Twelfth
Street Market and the rarmers" Market.
These havo been superseded by tho Terminal
Market. Above Sixteenth street on Market
another market house went up, and still an
other at Nineteenth street.
But thoy, were put up In so many quarters
that tho housewives soon appreciated their
convenience, nnd the old, ungainly sheds
were never missed, GRANVILLE.
Feed America First.
From Life.
Almost any Ilttle boy or Blrl can understand
why wo might have to pay more for Bomo
things which aio Imported Into this country
from war districts. That Is a matter over which
w havo no control. We havo to pay what Is
asked or go without.
But can any little boy or girl tell why we
should pay more for things wlllch aio exported?
Alas and alack! the old-fashioned excut.e that
they who own the stuff are anxious to be richer
no longer suffices. We are trying to get away
from the idea that we aie a nation of cannibals
feeding on each other. And there Is such a
simple way to fix It, possibly a number of
simple ways. National governments are grantefl,
the control over their exports and Imports. How
easy it would be to pass a law saying that no
goods should be exported so long as the price
here at homo Is higher than before the war
rumors began How would that be?
We have always rather liked tho slogan, "Sea
America First." Isn't "Feed America First"
quite as euphonious and much more important?
THE IDEALIST
One day a merchant erected a newly tired
automobile wheel right inside the entrance
to his store. He was enterprising; more
over, ho firmly believed in tho conservation
of energy.
But, more important than all, he knew
human nature. One out of every 20 persons
In the throng that passed through the door
gave the wheel a fresh spin. The merchant
figured on the wheel being kept in a state
of motion all day.
Down tn tho basement of tho store a
washing machine demonstration was In
progress. Its purpose was to, show tho
mechanism of the machine In action. It
moved and moved all day. For every turn
of the automobile wheel upstairs supplied
power for the machine downstairs!
Some men make tremendous fortunes
simply because they bank on human nature
steering along certain fixed and prescribed
lines. They foresee the movement thou.
know what people in the mass have dona
order to settle the personal Issue, ' tt
tn ha rirtt,l. lint the orlnciule reuiaui"
before; and they know that the chanso in I same.-New York World,
the fundamentals of tho mob spirit from fcJ
to day Is quite lmporeentlblo. w
Wo can tako a lesson from these leaders
oven If wo do not aspire to wealth. uS!i-
ot us naroor nn inucscriDaulo aversion t
mooting now people mixing with folks W
nre likely to bo quite strnngo and foreS
In their Ideas and activities. SometlrnS
wo think they know so much less than our
selves that thoy nre quite apt to prove ii
Interestingly dull. u"'
The minute you begin to mix with th.
to know human nature. Continue to kei!I
your acqunlntanceshlpR within a llmiuS
nlreln nn llin clhrnmll, nt 4t.nl.. ..ii '. "lea
r.,n r-.t.v i """...!""" ""Vu' "'ana,
never know It. W111
Doubtless, tho merchant with tho automoJ
self, for certnlnlv lie know Its linhlto VI',
knowing Its habits Is knowing human nature,'
V7F.WS nv mr.Arnr.RC! 1
ON TIMELY TOPICsi
Contributions That Reflect Public Otiin.,'
ion on Subjects Important to City
Stntc nnd Nation.
To the 7,'dlfor of the Uicnlnp Ledger!
Sir Tho story of the death of the former
Duma representative, DszbeimrbUe, which an.
pcared In your paper today, prompts mo to t&v
a few words nbout tho Czar's manifesto to hl
"dear .Tews." 1 wns In Klshlneff on that fateful
day of April, 1003, which has gono down Into
history ns the day of tho Klshlneff massacre
On that day, tho holy, day of Easter, some 60
Jews were killed, soveinl hundred wounded -nt
their homes destroyed by the gangs of hood,
linns, who, with orders from "above" and with
the actlvo aid nnd encouragement of tho polio
and soldiery, exacted a borrlblo revenge unon
tho people whose ancestors, they contended
were responsible for tho crucifixion of the Car-'
pouter of Nazareth, It Is not necessary for mi
to narrnto tho story of that mnssnero and tho
series of others that followed. They are too
well known nnd still llvo In tho horrified Imne
lnntlon of the civilized wot id. The Belliss trial
too, Is still nllve In tho mind" of tho newsnaner
rending public. ,
1 only want to emphasize tho fact that the
Czai's promlso Is but a delusion nnd a snaro
Ho can no more grant a respite fiom the Indl
nltles and persecution suffered by his Jewish
subjects than tho protest of an Individual can
stop the slaughter on tho Continent of t'.,
The Czar never has acted nnd never can act
upon his own Initiative. Ho Is surrounded nnd
ruled entirely by a cllqtio of bureaucrats, who
nro tho real rulers of Russia. There is lint
hopo for tho Jews of Russia and the people of
Russia In general, and this Is thnt history will
repeat Itself, that tho present war, like tho
Itusso-Jnpaneso War, will bo followed by an
other i evolution In Russia, wlllch will wipe off
forever from tho face of tho earth the most
hated nnd most criminal dynasty of the
Romanoffs, nnd that tho victory of democracy
In Europe will have Its effect upon Russia in
firing that great empire with tho true spirit of
culture nnd modernism. Then nnd then nlono
will tho Jews and the peoplo of Ilussla breaths
a sigh of relief from the thraldom of ten cen
turies. JOSEPH SHAPL1JN.
Philadelphia, September 21, 1914.
WHERE DOES THE FUNGUS GROW?
To the Ldltor of the Kueidiiff Ledger;
Sir May I congratulate you upon the engross
ing news conveyed through the columns of
your paper, both In tho news and editorial
columns? Very Interesting was a recent edi
torial telling of tho discovery of an Intoxicating
mushroom and Its description by Doctor Verrall,
of Yale. An intoxicating musluoom must surely
provo a popular delicacy, especially If, as the
discoverers assert, it haB no bad after-effects.
I havo been interested purely from a scien
tific standpoint, I assure you In the use of
alcoholic stimulants from ancient to our tlme3.
"Tile Banquet" of Pinto Is chiefly fa.sclnatlng
in that it gives a vivid picture of the bibulous
habits of philosophers. Socrates Is described
as passing his cup until morning. Jack London
nnd Will Levlugton Comfort ate the most recent
coufesors along this line. It Indeed seems all
tho struggles against tho redoubtable John have
been in vain. As you say,-peihaps the reign of
Bacchus may he over. But can you tell me
whero the delectablo Inebriating fungus can Lo
secured? H. V.
UNIVERSITY OPPORTUNITIES IN U.S.
To the Editor of tUc Evening Ledger:
Sir In an essay on university and research
work, written by Hamilton Wright Mublo before
the slogan of "Educated In America" was
created by war conditions, the author has this
paragraph:
"Opportunities for advanced work In the
American universities aro now so aniplo that
study In foreign Itihtltutlons, while not without
its advantages, Is no longer a necessity, and the
number of Americans in German unlversltlos
has greatly fallen off."
Tho whole essay Is a substantiation, by means
of concrete facts, of this assertion.
F. It. G.
Trenton, N. J., September 23, 1911.
WHAT HAS PENROSE DONE?
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir I am glad you uie devoting the editorial
columns of tho Evening Ledger to a campaign
against the election of Penrose. ' "
You know tho saying, "It is tho man behind
tho gun that counts," applied to war It Is a
much moro pertinent saying when applied to
peace and the development of a real prosperity.
Thfl nrnRnprltv nf tt nnuntrv cannot be meaS-
uicd by II. great mateiial and financial de
velopment. It can only bo measured really and
permanently by tho character, development and
opportunity of tho great mass of Its people.
A. H. TOMLINSON'.
Swarthmoic, Pa., September 15, l'JH.
A NON-PARTISAN VIEWPOINT
To the Editor of the Evening Ledgir:
Sir Knowing tho powertul influence the
LEDoen wields in Pennsylvania, I write to you
in all slnccilty and ask whether ou do noc
think that this influence should bo dlietteu
against the re-election of Senator Penrose.
do not write from a partisan standpoint, hav
ing only In view tho welfare of my biaic
Won't you give this your consideration
SAMUEL KU.NKEU
Hairlsburg, Pa., September 15. 1911.
Killing Off the Race
From the Christian Herald. . .,.,
From tho Christian era till tho present tlm,
ns statists and historians tell us, there ha
been less than 210 warless years. Lp w
middle of the 19th century It wns roug hly
puted that nearly 7,000,000,000 men bad died
battle slnco the beginning of lecorded ''lslor'
a number equal to almost five times the pieseni
estimated population of the globe.
NATIONAL TOIIST OF VIEW
In spite of the high prices reported lsc"J"!:
pork ib at a discount In Washington just now
New Yorli World.
It is unlikely that any news derived frj
German sources would change the current
opinion In tho Fnltcd States as M r"!15'
blltty for tho present war.-New ork. iun-
Speaking of governmental feonomy. . tJ
would be a good time also to shut off the bdu
of the franking privileges and t.. reduce t lie
penso ot tho Congressional Record by "'",
out tho unspoken speeches. Pittsburg"
patch.
The President has tho emphatic suPP"'.
the country In his vigorous piotist osai
"fake" i)caco stories which havo been bni
from the National Capital. They couW
nnihlntr loss than seriously mischievous i"
cause of peace and, moreover, must p
United State In a falso and ridiculous v1""
Brooklyn Standard Union.
There Is need for'tho prompt "'"S"'!
Federal Reserve Rank system There is
for a system of linanco in the V nlted
that will btablllze and localize the na'", (
fairs of the Unlun-one that wl be 'ia"" , b
its character and free from Illicit '.'"",,,
the slightest degree by the bankers. """,.
anil promoters of Europe, or of our own .
try. Cincinnati Enquirer.
The President Is to bo recommended for
refusal to change his Mexican policy as a i
of the reported quarrel between cfrrnc.mel
Villa. So far as the United States Is Wn
thesa men represent the same ld-a " ja
principle or self-ruie. it my -r.c. u