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POBLtC LEDGER COMPANY
crnus ir. k. cunTis, pwsimnt.
6fl. W. Och. 8ecretarr! John C Martin, Trf"'t
CharlM It Ludington. Philip 8. Colllne, John B. Wll
llama, Directors. .
EDITOniAL noAnm
Ctaus II. K. Ccims. Chairman.
P. It. WHALBT.. Execatlve Editor
JOHN C MATtTlN General Ttutn Manager
PnMhM dully, except Sunday. At J".1; ,1'm"
nnlMIn. Independence failure. phl'',,Ph,f:...,.
At" ToiK. .V. ... ... ...... 1T0-A. Metropolitan Tower
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KSTUT AS COMD-CLAa MAIt MATTta
rilltADELPIUA, TlltitSDAY, SEP1LMDEII 2. 1914
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The Knife iu the Bowels of Reform
THOMAS S. T. MACKLUEK voted In Select
Council to override the Mayor's veto of.
the Municipal Court crab. Mr. Mnckleer U
employed by the Municipal Court tit n salary
of 2S0 the month. Of course, ho was quite
competent to take a Judicial lev of the
question. It Is even possible that he could
have been Influenced by argument or fact to
vote against the source of his salary. 13ut
he was not so Influenced; not a bit of It. On
the contrary, he stood "with the boys," first,
Inst and all the time.
Mr. Mackleer is but one of many whose
Jobs depend on their votes. It !? never bafe
for the people to confide their Interests to
men whoso own Interests are paramount. If
any citizen wants to know why the reform
administration Is hampered at every turn by
Councils, he hns only to discover the means
of livelihood of certain "representatives of
the people." They owe their sinecures to the
contractor bosses, to the Organization, and
the Organization Is their first and only loe.
When the public asks who and what they
are, these sweetly coo. "We are Republicans."
And the remarkable thing Is that so many
people bellevo them.
'Twill Be Dry in Ole Virginia
VIRGINIA has gone dry by a decislvo
majority. The fight there has been going
on for years, the real battle having been to
persuade the Legislature to submit the ques
tion to a general vote. When that much was
won the rest was easy for the Prohibi
tionists. It would be Idle to deny that In
the rural districts of the South prohibition
has achieved some splendid results, and It
would bo Just as futile to question its failure
In tho cities. "Blind pigs." "blind tigers."
"speak-easics" have flourished. Violation of
tho law in most of the larger towns is open'
and notorious. Making vice a crime by
statute can never be a great success. Local
option is the real remedy for tho liquor prob
lem, for it restricts prohibition to localities
where enforcement of the law is practically
automatic.
Militarism IS'o Worse Than iS'avalism
THE German people are quite right in
resenting a great deal of the unreason
able criticism of the Fatherland. It would
be a pity If fair-minded men could have no
love for a nation which In the last half
century has amazed the world by its mate
rial accomplishments. That Kngland and her
Allies have been jealous of German achieve
ment Is too obvious to require comment. It
would be entirely illogical, therefore, for
American citizens to grow bitter over Ger
man militarism and not consider England's
navallsm. German preparation on land has
not been one whit more destructive of tho
peace of the world than England's prepared
ness on the oceans. It Is six of one and half
a dozen of the other. The Kuisfr's long reign
of peace is at least presumptive evidence of
his sincere aersion to uar. The fatherland
Is entitled to a fair show, and there is every
Indication that it will get it.
Vital History Should Be Taught
CURRENT events should be studied in the
schools In order to make past history
more real to the pupils, and in order also to
promote among them such a civ Intelligence
as good citizenship requires, t'urrent events
are history, and history is nothing ex'ept as
It considers civics and economics In thoo
phases and aspects of the war which bolong
to American economic history, the schools
have a great educational opportunity which
should not be neglected To enlighten the
young people In the questions that have to
do with American dependence and Independ
ence in commerce and Industry Is to teach
them the economic resources and possibili
ties of their country: and to show them how
theso questions are affected by the European
war Is not to violate neutrality, but meroly
to give due recognition to the flow of events
In the history of their own rountry.
Courage is tho Coiujuost of Fear
WE DO not conquer the world by iheddine
the blood of others. Victories ara won by
the loss of our own blood Such is tha
vicarious law of progrew To do right when
there Is every Inducement to do wrong la
heroic.
To have the courage of standing olone Is
the attribute of a Btrong man- Courage and
fear are related as innocence is to virtue.
One makes possible the other There ran be
no real courage without fear Courage is
the conquest of fear, virtue is innoeence un
der temptation. The battlefield of vry life
Is the soul Drowning writes, "Vhn the
fight begins within himself a man's worth
something " Life is not a promenade
through streets of cheering crowds, but n
hard march over rough roads
Running away from the battleground of
one's own soul may be set down as a great
In.
Re-enter Mexican Revolution .
THE long expected has happened. The In.
tolerable tension is over." This morning.
H. a. Wells' words on the European explo
sion apply as fitly to Mexico. Villa's break
with his "First Chief" is now "official." lis
has dropped the mask Mexico Is not to be
without Its habitual revolution. Men familiar
with the situation in Mexico have long ex
pected Just this move. All Villa's protesta
tions of loyalty could not alter the fact that
f arranza was not the man the Northern
General and hJs people wanted to eee in the
National Palace. Jealousies Rnd ambitions
aside, there havo been signs of profound dif
ferences between the great natural divisions
of Northern and Southern Mexico that spelt
conflict. Villa's revolution may bo an at
tempt to put himself or his man In tho chair
at Mexico City and his Ideas Into operation.
Or it may mean the setting up of an Inde
pendent Northern republic. At any rate. It
means more months of turmoil and destruc
tion. Whether this will be worth tho price
depends on Villa's sincerity In his stand for
a non-mllltary government and the redis
tribution of the land.
Meanwhile, Vera Cruz becomes once more
a knotty problem.
PASSED BY THE CENSOR
No Stultification for n Mess of Pottage
AT WATSONTOWN yesterday "Doctor
-tXBrumbaugh assured his audience that
even tho competent business administration
fell short unless sustained by high moral
purpose." Moral principles como first. It
does not profit a man or a Stato anything If
the whole world Is gained and tho soul Is
lost. It is only at this late date In social
history that the contrary doctrine Is being
preached. It Is only now that a mess of
pottago Is being dangled before the eyes of
tho people of Pennsylvania In tho expecta
tion that It will tempt them Into stultifica
tion of their collective conscience. Doctor
Brumbaugh understands tho aspirations of
this people and tho deep purpose underlying
their efforts. It 's only Pcnroselsm which
Imagines that morality Is not an Issue.
Stand Up for Pennsylvania
STAND up for Pennsylvania," says Doctor
Brumbaugh, who has always stood up
for her himself and to whom the public Is
looking with full conlldcnce for further serv
ices of the same kind. Stand up for Penn
sylvania: Aye, take away from her the re
proach which designing men have fastened
on her. Sweep out tho nntl-morallsts, who,
by a conspiracy of plunder, have managed
to get control of tho ofllces. Cleanse tho
ntmosphere, which Is pure in all else but
politics.
A great State, magnificent In its resources,
more magnificent in its accomplishments; a
veritable nation among nations, generous In
the complexity of Its endeavor, the Industrial
pride of the hemisphere; a Stato founded by
a man with a vision, a moral vision; a Com
monwealth which owes Its greatness to
the stern principles of right which ani
mated and inspired Its early and subsequent
struggles.
Only one blot Is on her banner, only one
stain attaches to her name. Penrosclsm, fit
successor to Quaylsm, Is the State's sole
humiliation. Discipline it, e..clse it, drive It
out! Stand up for Pennsylvania!
Dr. Bacon Overrules the Mayor
AN EXAMINER'S report, confirmed by
XXJudge Audenried. declares that Dr. Wil
liam D. Bacon was never elected to Select
Council from the 44th Ward. Tho examiner
found that Dr. Philip H. Moore, fusion candi
date, received a majority of the votes cast.
By the use of dilatory writs In the courts.
Doctor Bacon continues to hold the office
which does not belong to him. It will prob
ably h Jnnunrv before his appeal can bo
disposed of by the Supreme Court.
Doctor Bacon Is also a dual officeholder.
Ho Is n real estate assessor, a position which
puts $3000 a year into his pocket.
The Mayor's veto of the Municipal Court
grab was defeated by one vote. Doctor
Bacon cast 1L
"He Watched and Wept"
taNT a country parson has run his godly
racp remote from towns without ever
wishing to change his place His content
ment with his lot and his devotion to the peo
ple of his parish nre almost Incomprehensible
to men more ambitious for position and
power. There was such a man. perhaps, who
came Into your life. There was such a man.
perhaps, who molded the community where
you once lived nearer to christian ideals.
A man he wna to all the country dear
and
. . in his rtutv prompt at every call.
He watched and wept, he prayed and felt,
for nil
He was tho burden-bearer and burden
sharer of his people He was a soldier of
the Cross, risking his health and exhaust
ing his strength In ceaseless toll and self
forgetful performance of duty. Ho came to
his white bairn and bent figure prematurely,
and there were those who spoke of him then
as a "broken-down minister" of no furthr
use. But tho angels had kept the scroll, and
the record of his deeds and character had
been written In human hearts forever From
the modest little parsonage in tho villngo,
with lilacs in the door yard, he wns called,
not to a larger salary or a city pulpit, but
to the golden city and a mansion prepared
of old for his coming.
The hardships of peace proved too much
for General Villa,
The submarines have a way of getting
under things.
Don't despise consolations however small
the scrapple season is almost ready to open.
Hats manufactured In Philadelphia are
known all over the world and they cover a
multitude of sinners.
Henator Penroae never has anything to
say about morality, but Dr. Brumbaugh Is
full of It.
As a matter of fact, the Delaware louid
get along without the Government, but tho
Duvernroent could not get along without the
Delaware
Each side complains that the other is
guilty t,t inhuman cruelty in the conduct of
the war. German character is not an tin.
knotvn quantity and a nation dues not change
its qualities oer night. War is war. Per
haps the Allies do complain too much.
There has been too much other excitement
for the people to pay much sttontian to the
anti-trust Wll3. but the conference ojay.
ton measure seems to be about as sensi
ble as could reasonably be espocted. in the
circumstances
It is an era of indiscreet diplomats. Our
own hervlce seems to have no claims for
superiority. In fact, the rivalry among
envos to say wrong things at the psycho
logical moment indicates that we must exert
ourselves If we espect to hold the cham
pionship. The success of the buy-a-bale-of-cqtton
movement In the South has been remarkable.
If the people Instead of the Government step
to the front In an industrial crisis of this
kind, not only are the results accomplished
better, but the underlying principles of our
coiutituttunal si stem are preserved.
THERE arrived In Philadelphia this week
a copy of the "Courier of Political Exiles,"
tho official paper of those sent to Siberia by
tho Czar. It Is printed In Russian, but for
obvious reasons Is published in the capital
city of Russia's ally, France. Tho Courier
contains tho first authentic account of the
death of Dszheparldze, one of the 160 Soclat
Democratic members of the second Duma,
who were exiled to Siberia for affixing their
signatures to tho famous Vlborg manifesto
a Russian declaration of Independence.
Laying aside entirely tho pathetic human
sldo of tho story, tho account of the last
hours of the Russian sounds strangely out of
harmony with the honeyed words of tho Czar,
addressed to his "Dear Jews" and "My Loyal
Poles." In part, tho Courier says!
"At 8 o'clock In tho evening tho train
approached a small Btattoc, Yamskayo, whero
wo were to chango trains. 'All out,' shouted
tho head of the convoy, opentng tho doors.
Dszheparldze rose together with the others,
but Immediately fell to the ground, crying,
I cannot. I am all In.' Tzerctell and Macha
radze picked him up nnd placed him on a
dirty rug nearby.
"'How daro you sit down, you dog?'
shouted a gendarme, whereupon his com
rades picked him up and carried him out of
tho ear to the station platform. Wo had to
wait fully nn hour for the arrival of tho
train for Kursk. Surrounded by a host of
gendarmes, beneath the open sky, In tho hor
rible cold and but the scant prison clothes
on our backs, wo waited In tho snow, shiv
ering, hungry and trembling for our lives
lest one of the gendarmes take a fancy to
shoot us. Dszheparldze nlone was permitted
to sit down on tho ground. Beside him
stood his wife with her 2-year-old child In
her arms. After our arrival at tho Kursk
depot we were dispatched to the prison.
"All of us, 45 men in all, were locked up
in a cell 12 feet by 8. All a:ong tho floor lay
the victims of Russian barbarism. Not only
was It Impossible to pass from one end of
the cell to the other, but it was impossible
for one to stretch out on the floor. In a half
hour the air in the room became intolerable.
One of us took a clianco nnd attempted to
open a little window, but the soldier on duty
ordered him back to the floor. In an hour
Dszheparldze began to snore heavily. Wo
pounded at the doors and demanded that
somo of us be transferred to another cell. At
midnight the warden of the prison, Kalmi
koff, entered and ordered that members of the
Imperial Duma be given room in another cell
nearby. That night Dszheparldze died with
out having received any medical attention."
JAMES O'DONNELL BENNETT was the
most vitriolic dramatic critic In Chicago,
where he sat In theatrical Judgrrient for the
Record-Herald. He was feared by actor3
and managers alike, yet, when it was learned
that he had been captured by the Germans
in Belgium nnd was threatened with death
as a spy, even his enemies in the profession
were sorry. Of course, he was released,
hence this story.
The other night two actors who had felt
the sting of Bennett's pen stood in front of
the Gnrrirk Theatre discussing the war. Ono
referred to Bennett's visit to the scene of
conflict.
"Wouldn't it bo awful." exclaimed the other
with heartfelt worry, "if he didn't like the
way they fought!"
THE original manuscript of Arnold Ben
nett's "The Regent," also known as "Tha
Old Adam." Is now in this country, the prop
erty of Edgar Selwyn, the dramatist. How
Sehvyn smuggled the manuscript out of Ben
nett's, house at Thorpe-le-Soken, In Essex,
England, is an interesting tale. Mrs. Ben
nett is tho ffmininr- Cerberus who guards
original manuscripts with a zest and care
verging on the fanatic. No manuscript has
ever been known to leave her possession be
fore. Bennett and Selwyn were discussing
things in general when tho former offered the
dflred manuscript to tho dramatist.
"Hut how will I get It past your wife?"
queried tho American.
"Here it is; Just put it under your coat
and walk out," responded tho Briton.
"But it's a bulky package and she'll see It."
"If ho stops you give her this." replied
Bennett And seizing a pn he wroteton tho
rover of the bundle' "This manuscript bo
longs to Edgar Selwyn and Is the property
of no woman "
And that Is how tho manuscript was smug
gled out of tho Bennett homo.
IT WAS In the Pocono Mountains the last
week-end. A number of legal lights, mem
bers of tho Lehigh County bar, including
Judgo Frank M. Trexler, were holding a
friendly debate on the fine points of the
law. Two men of the Vr onos passed by.
"Are all those lawyers"" queried the first.
".Most of them are." replied the socond,
"and the others are Judges "
THE present attempt on the part of Russia
to stop alcoholism In the army Is not the
first of Its kind by any means. Czar Alex
ander made every effort to stop tho drinking
habits of soldiers nnd especially of office.
Whenever a case of inebriety came under his
observation the punishment was swift nnd
severe. One evening an officer of tho impe
rial guards had dined neither wisely nor
well, and was showing decided symptoms of
Intoxication. Knowing the fate that would
awnlt him if nught. he took a droshky to
drive to regimental quarters
Suddenly, to his undisguised terror, ho saw
approaching the carriage ft tho Kmperor.
Motioning tho carriages to stop, the Csor ox.
claimed angrily:
"Major, what are you doing here?"
"Your Majesty," replied the still quick,
vvltted officer, "I am Just taking a drunken
officer to the guardhouse."
The reply so pleased the Emperor that ho
pardoned the officer there and then.
BRADFORD.
CURIOSITY SHOP
An authority describes a "Bohemian" as
"a person, man or woman who does not go
into society, but who is ha ppj -go. lucky, un
conventional, now Hush, now short of money;
who, hoving money, spends It freely, and.
having none, hopes for it in the near future,
who makes the best of cvervthlng and takes
life aa it i-onus Your true Bohemian Is n
philosopher, and. In spite of his unronven
tionality. he is at least as likely to be ro.
spectahle as a leader in conventional society."
The "day of the cornel" was November 4,
656. when Tolha and tfobebr, rebellious Arab
chieftains, wi-n- roasted to death by the
Caliph AH. Ayesha, the widow of Moham
med, is said to have looked on from the back
of a camel, whence Its name.
Estotiland was an Arctic country existing
only in the imaginations of nlden geogra
phers It wus pUied bv them in the spot
now occupied on the maps by Newfoundland,
Labrador and the Hudson lia district It
was alleged to have been discovered by two
Frlesland fishermen, driven out of their
course by Adverse winds. In 1497 Cabot set
sail to tho mystlo continent and dlscovoreci
Newfoundland. Milton, In "Paradise Lost,
refers to this lands "The snow from cold
Estotiland."
Tho term "Galway Jury" originated in
Ireland In 1635, during Btale trials held to
decide tho right of the English crown to
Mayo, Bllgo, Leltrlm, Roscommon and Gal
way. Tho four first named decided In favor
of the king, with Galway opposing. In con
Bequenco tho Sheriff of Galway was fined
$5000 and each of tho Jurors $30,000.
The exclamation, "God save tho mark," or
iginated In nn Irish superstition. It a person,
on telling of an Injury sustained by somo ono
else, touched tho corresponding spot on his
own person, he was able to avert similar
Injury by oxclalmlng "God save tho mark."
IN A SPIRIT OF HUMOR
Compart tons
The little taxpayer appeared worried. He
owed ono cent and was nervous and uneaay.
"If I were as easily affected by debt as
he," said the ruler of tho land and sea, "I'd
have St. Vitus' danco."
Which explains to somo extent the dlffcr
enco between tho Individual nnd tho Stato.
On the Battlefield
"We sholl conquer," exclaimed the general
to his troops. "Our hearts are In the fight."
"But," queried tho troops, "arc wo in It?
A Literary Color Scheme
Most poets arc blue because they are not
read,
There's No Accounting for Tnste
"Dies In a policeman's arms." Newspaper
headline.
The Deduction
"What foolish things a fellow will do when
he's In love."
"Oh, Margy, has he proposed?"
From Solomon Jr.
It doesn't pay to bo too forward, especially
In a head-on collision.
The Countersign
"Now mind, Mary, If a sentry asks you
who you are, you must Immediately answer,
'Friend.' "
"Yes'm; but what am I to say If ho asks
me how baby Is?" Punch.
Applied Arithmetic
Puzzled Diner What have you got for din
ner?" Walter Ronstbeeffrlcnsseedchlckenstowed
lambhashcdbakednndfrledpotatoe s J a m pud
dlngmllkteanndcoffeo. Diner Give mo the third, fourth, fifth,
sixth, eighteenth and nineteenth syllables.
Tit-Bits.
One Word, Please
Where'er 1 go there haunts ma
A wotd of strangest sound;
It mocks at mo and tnunts me
And chases me around.
When I am getting sleepy.
About the morning bell,
The zephyrs sing to me, "P-U-Z-M-T-S-L!"
In early dawn.
Across the lawn,
The crickets shrilly swell
That P-I'-P
And Z-Z-Z
And R-M-Y-S-L!
When spurs of trooper rowel
Their horses in attack.
Thnt town without a vowel
Gets up and slams 'em back.
When other hamlets skimpy
Such consonants repel,
I dearly love to hymn P-R-Z-M-Y-S-L!
In sound It Is
The bullets' whiz
Where serfs at last rebel
This P-P-P
And Z-Z-Z
And R-M-Y-S-L!
Ah. me! tho music verbal
Thnt lies within the word!
Its consonantal burble.
Heats anything I've heard.
When guests are getting gapy
You ilng old boredom's knell
Bv blflninc them, "now, say P-R-Z-M-Y-S-L!"
It brings the buzz
Of bees, It does
The droning of a shell!
This P-P-P
And Z-Z-Z
And R-M-Y-R-L!
John O'Keefe in New York World.
Horee of a French Color
The Groom Well. Hill, you won't see tho
guv'nor's horse any more; they've taken him
for the army.
The Gardener Oh! I suppose now he's
going to be what the Frenchles call a "horso
du combat." London Opinion.
An Alternative
Mr. Newlywed Did you sew the button on
my coat, durllng?
Mrs. Newlywed No, love. I couldn't And
the button, and so I Just sewed up the but
tonhole. Judge.
The Lesser Evil
Mr. Bnrem Shall wo talk or dance?
Miss Weerelgh I'm very tired. Let us
dance. Boston Transcript.
A Culinary Sherlock Holmes
"Walter, give me the menu."
"Wo havo none, but I can tell you what we
have."
"You must havo a Jolly good memory,"
"Not at all. I simply look at the table
cloth." Pele Mele.
Talcs of Three Cities
Thero was a young man In N. Y.
Who never would eat with a FY.
Said ho, "All my life
I have et with a nlfe
Roast beef, veal and mutton and PY.
A fisherman from Terro Haute
Onco bragged of a fish he hnd cautej
Hut the fisherman's dauter
Know more than she auier,
And cried, "it was one that you haute!"
There was a joung fellow in Butte
Who wpnt on a buttefut tutte.
Ne.t morning in bed,
lie put ice on his head
And murmured: "Ohwhydidldtitte!
New York World,
Hampered Ambition
Ray As long as there was another boarder
at tho farmhouse you had somebody to
talk to.
Fay Hut as there were only the two of
US there was nobodj to talk about. Judge,
TUB SWIMMER AT ELSINORE
iSUNWSEi
Above the Swedibh shore a bar of gold
Shows In the gray the colored torches light
Among the clouds rose, azure, chrysolite
Flame, gluw and flicker in the young house
hold. Obsldlan-tlnted waves me swift enfold
With glittering sprays of pearls; tc where
the night
Has left a biting coldness I take flight.
This warms my blood and makes my heart
more bold!
Am J In sky, In water, or In air?
For all seems one I glide through lucent
green. . .
Through turquoise blue, through chang
ing hues of red
Vermtlum, biarlet. wild rose, and the glare
Of ruby fire, on golden stars I lean'. .
Then float 'mid tangled rainbows in an
emerald bed. ...,.
Maurice Francis Egan In Scrlbners.
DONE IN PHILADELPHIA
WHEN you, come to think of It. it Is rather
remarkable, that wo have had our old
frienda the minstrels with us for more than
60 years. They have weathered every Inno
vation In theatricals! tho decline and fall of
the stock ventures! tho advent of tho travel
ing companies, comic opera, vaudeville and
now even moving pictures. And they nro
going on, but not telling the same old Jokes,
night after night.
All my efforts to run down to Its dark
origin tho libel that minstrel Jokes are ven
erable resulted in failure. Some of tho best
Jokes I recall wore first passed over the foot
llghto by a minstrel company. Only after
they became, public, property did thoy find
their way Into periodicals.
HAVING becomo a venerable Institution
many years ago, there naturally arose
a dispute as to tho placo where negro min
strelsy had its birth. Probably not so many
cities aa claimed Homer for their own con
tended, but certainly Philadelphia and New
York had their advocates.
I run willing to admit a prcjudlco In favor
of this city, nnd as no other place on tho
globo over supported minstrelsy for so long
a tlmo wo seem to havo something of a pro
prietary right In this form of entertainment.
Tho beginning was very modest. Beforo
the word had been heard In connoctlon with
such an entertainment there were black-faced
acts on the American stage. Ono of tho
first big hits was made by Thomas B. Rico
in his "Jim Crow," which has got Into tho
vocabulary of tho language. No ono could
call that nondescript act minstrelsy aa wo
havo known It, yet It had Its Influence.
THEN como black-faced banjo ncls, such
as Billy Whltlock usod to do; others simi
lar to Georgo Washington Dixon's "Zip
Coon," and still minstrels did not appear on
tho scene. All of these acts wero familiar to
Philadelphia theatre-goers In the 30s and
early 40s. Dixon resided hero for a tlmo,
and during the epidemic of cholera In 1832
published a weekly "Cholera Gazette." He
sang "Zip Coon" at the Tlvoll Garden, on
Market street west of Thirteenth, and ovcry
boy In tho city wns whistling tho refrain.
Billy Whltlock in his autobiography gives
a version of his connection with tho organi
zation of the minstrel show. During the
winter of 1S40 he and his partner, Master
John Diamond, whoso real namo was Frank
Lynch, wero playing at the Wnlnut Street
Theatre, and when the night for their benefit
approached Whltlock conceived tho Idea of
Introducing a novelty.
Whltlock asked Dick Myers, a violinist, If
he would play tho violin with them and form
a trio on their benefit, and Myers agreed. So,
on that occasion, for the first time In public,
Whltlock said, banjolsts were accompanied
on tho stage by a violinist. And oven that
does not look like a minstrel show, does It?
Yet It was from this germ that the big, sable
semicircle which we recall with pleasure
grew Into the minstrels.
IN Its early form minstrelsy waB essential
ly musical. The first band of minstrels
that traveled around the country had Master
Olo Bull as one of Its members. Thero were
Virginia Serenaders and New Orleans Ser
enades, and while all tho acts wero done In
blackface, they were of a musical character.
They gave somo clever travesties on tho
Italian opera, which was then attracting tho
attention of the musically Inclined, and from
all accounts these burlesques were not only
bright and witty, but wero admirably set, so
far as musical numbers went.
Ono of the first minstrel troupes which
performed In this city was the New Orleans
Serenaders. They wero here In 1849, and
probably earlier, and they gave a perform
ance In old Musical Fund Hall. In the com
pany wns Nelson Kncass, a song writer and
musical composer, whose songs were sung nil
over the country at the time. There may still
be persons who recall the strains of "I Hear
the Hoofs," "Go Way Black Man," "Rosa
Clare" and "Nelly Was a Lady." I feel con
fident that tho last named at least will bci
remembered, for It was sung In the days of
Carncross Minstrels. In the little Eleventh
Street Opera House.
THERE were also In the company Max
Zorer, George Swalne, Thomas Burke,
Mnster Ole Bull, J. H. Collins, Sam Sanford
and J. C. Ralncr. Sanford, whose real namo
was Lindsay, took his stage name from an
other performer, Jim Snnford. His uncle,
William Lindsay, also was In tho business.
Sanford may be said to havo been respon
sible for tho vogue negro minstrelsy has had
In Philadelphia. He opened Sanford's Opera
House, at Twelfth and Chestnut streets, In
1S53, When the placo was burned ho took
tho old church building on Eleventh street,
which had already been transformed Into a
playhouse by Cnrtee This was tho begin
ning of tho history of the Eleventh Street
Opera House, where minstrelsy wns pre
served for more than half a century.
IN SANFORD'S company at the time was
Jullen, as he appeared on the bills, hut tho
Blnger subsequently revealed himself as Ira
D. Sankey when he engaged In evangelistic
work with Dwight L. Moody.
The last time I saw Sam Sanford was al
most 20 years ago, when he danced Bob Rid
ley nt the Walnut Street Theatre with Prim
rose and West's Minstrels. Ho wan then a
very old man, but very nimhle on his feet.
GRANVILLE.
The Temalc of the Species
From the Ohio Ptat Journal
It tnkes a min n long time to itet back Into
the lng of his regular w-ork after a vara,
tlon, hut a woman without a moment's delay
resumes the charge on tho red ants In tho re
filgerator with all the zeal and vone with
which she left off.
THE IDEALIST
What Is the most powerful phrase In the
English language?
I put tho question to a gathering of folks
whoso presence there Indicated their fa
miliarity with the literature of history.
Of course, the phrases that have thun
dered down through the years predominated.
"Give me liberty or give mo death"' "Don't
give up the ship!" Lincoln's ennobling
"All that I am I owe to my mother" the
offerings seemed interminable.
Up rose a modest-appearing young
woman. "Friends," sho Bald, "aro wo not
up too far among the mountain tops? These
suggestions are real thrillers, I confess, nnd
I certainly shall not nttempt to detract from
their magnificent grandeur. Rut give me a
phrase that makes mo happy each day.
Isn't that the right conception of 'power
ful'?" We admitted It was. Then she ex
plained: "I am employed In an office where the
former boss whs a veritable grouch. And,
of course, his grouch was contagious. Every
body seemed scared; afraid to move out of
a circumscribed path. Naturally, en
thusiasm and Initiative both lay dormant.
That the highest efficiency was not secured
from the employes was attested when this
man was relieved of the office's management
by the company's president
"In came a new man. The first morning
ha walked briskly down the tons nUie baj
twoen our desks, but not tbo briskly to rfva
a bright, cheery 'Good morning' to cactfoFtm
You would have thought that a bomb of
sunshine had exploded. Typewriters were
pounded harder, clerks moved about faster
and tho office boy actually ran. The best
part of It Is that he kept It up, day after dlv
In fnct. he's doing It yet. And we all swear
by him. It Isn't the 'Good morning,' friends.
Its the fact thnt these simple words show
us that vo work with him rather than foij
him. And 'Good morning' started It all."
You employers who nrrlvo In the mornln
with yesterday's troubles still bearing vom
down, try a simple "Good morning" to thosa
who serve you.
wmuch gsl'Xs.8 yUr 0W" rCd corPU8c'
VIEWS OF READERS
ON TIMELY TOPICS
Contributions That Reflect Public Opin.
ion on Subjects Important to City,
State and Nation.
To tht Editor of th Evening Lttotrl
Slr-"Done In Philadelphia" promises to t
an Interesting feature of the Evenino Ledobr,
but many of your readers, I believe, would like
to see the reviews lino a little better with his
tory than the Bradford article did a few days
ago. A better view of Franklin can be had
than the following extract gives by reading
Frnnklln'a story of the occurrence mentioned!
How Franklin managed to get this office
and how he turned tho tables on Bradford
by bribing the postboys to neglect Brad
ford's Mercury nnd tnko caro of his Ga
zette Is very characteristic of the great
philosopher, who was not all philanthropist
whero business was concerned.
Franklin says that Samuel Kelmer and David
Hnrry hnd both failed and left the city, and
"there remained now no other printer In Phila
delphia but tho old Bradford, but ho was rich
and easy, did a little business by straggling
hands, but wns not anxious about It. However,
as he held the postoftlcc, it wns Imagined he
hnd better opportunities for obtaining the news,
his paper was thought a better distributer of
advertising than mine, and therefore had more,
which wns prontnble to him and a disadvan
tage to me. For though I did Indeed receive
and send papers by the post, yet tha publlo
opinion was otherwise: for what I did send
was by bribing the riders, who took them pri
vately, Bradford bolng unkind enough to forbid
It, which occasioned Bomo resentment on my
part, and I thought so meanly of the practice
that when I nfterwnrds came Into his position
I took care never to repeat It."
As to another point: Wallace's History of the
Bradford Family shows the location of A.
Bradford's oftlccs, SAMUEL W. HOSKINS.
Philadelphia, September 22, 1314.
ADMIRATION FOB. THE GERMAN PEOPLE
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger!
Sir Americans In their attitude toward the
present European war are not going to try to
Judge the fTerman people. They nre going to
render their Judgment, and nre doing so now,
on the question of Prussian militarism. That
was tho great fact behind all this conflict.
Nowhere in this country Is thero very much
hostility to the German people. We have as
great a liking for them as for any people In
the world. We admire and are greatly In
debted to their nchlevements In nil the arts
of peace. Amcrlcan"publlc opinion has no an
tipathy toward them, only criticism of tho feu
dnl ideal of government that are held by th
ruling clnss, and any attempt to stato the mat
ter otherwise, such as some writers have lately
made, Is a rank Injustice to the people of this
country. J. K. VARNUM.
Philadelphia, September 22, 19H.
IN REFERENCE TO " PORK"
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir You state In your editorial that Senator
Penrose voted for "pork." It Is easy enough to
criticise men In public life, but when a man
has to go before the people nnd get their votes
he would be n fool If he did not try to earn
their favor. Popular government means having
populnr candidates. JUSTICE.
Philadelphia, September 23, 1914.
THE STREETS OF PHILADELPHIA
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir Last winter Philadelphia had the snow
off the streets days before Now York was able
to cleat her highways. But why Is It thnt
Philadelphia can never get the dirt off her
streets? Theie arc thousands of citizens who
would be glad to have you answer this ques
tion. W. B. IZZBAND.
Philadelphia, September 21, 1914.
FOLLOW VIRGINIA'S EXAMPLE
To the Editor of the Evening Ledger:
Sir Virginia has gone dry. I think It would
be a fine thing for Pennsylvania to do likewise.
Local option may be all right, hut It Is a well
known fact that gang politics and liquor always
go together. PROHIBITIONIST.
Camden. September 23, 1914.
THINKS PENROSE A WEAK GIANT
To the Editor of the Eiening Ledger:
Sir You nro quite right. In the minority
Senator Penrose is about as weak a representa
tive of the Interests of this State as could b
reasonably expected. The war he wanted with
Mexico would have dono no good, because Pen
rosclsm keeps its followers at home to vote.
GOOD GOVERNMENT.
September 23, 1914.
A Victory For Science
From the Savannah Newi.
What modern medical science can accomplish
Is shown by the evident fact that the battle
agnlnst tho bubonic plague at New Orleans has
been won.
Fifty years ago the outhreak of the plague
there would have caused even more widespread
and Intense unenslnesu than did its recent
appearance, and no doubt the list of dead
would have been very lengthy. Reports from
New Orleans now nre thnt there Is not a singles
case of bubonic plague under treatment In the
city.
Thnt does not mean that other cases will not
nppear. but It Is ovldcnco that tho medical
authorities know how to stamp out the plagu
and that this country need never fear that it
will spread from city to city and State to
Stnto. killing hundreds nnd causing terror
everywhere. The victory of the medicine man
has been accomplished without the hurrahtnj
that would nccompany a victory on tho battla
field, but It Is Just as worthy of praise.
NATIONAL POINT OF VIEW
The country Is heavily indebted to Senator
Burton nnd bis allies for a great victory won
In Its behalf. Indianapolis News.
If the prohibition movement should gain head
way In this section, It will be directed aa sharp
ly against the brewery-financed saloon in poli
tics as against the beverages which it dispenses.
New York World.
President Wilson does well to Insist upon a
truce between the Colorado mine operators ana
their striking laborers. The mine operators will
hnve to show stronger objections to it than
they have If-thoy expect the public to sympa
thize with them In their refusal of its terms.
New York Trlojne.
Ferocity may beget ferocity. Is there to be
reprisal for Rhelms with shot and shell and
torch if the Allies reach Uermany. as It Is now
not unlikely that they will? If the opponents
of German) feel that thej must fight with their
enenu's weapons if they are to win. they ha
a terrible example to follow.-New York Times.
Discussion of the pending rivers and harbors
bill throws light on the current Ideas of "gov
eminent by commissions of experts ' It shows
that, no matter how many experts we nave,
tlure will alwnys be work for public opinion
and the fcturdy common sense of the plam
citizen. Chicago Herald.
One year ago the Impressive funeral of Mayor
Giynor took place at Trinity Church Mnco
then many. If not most, of the policies to wnlcij
he was devoted have been it may be for o'
renson-chaiued tils political und personal
friends are In many camps The monument
project has been mailed Truly the ofllce el
Mayor of New York does not fall to retain us
sinister reputation of rfrcat dignity for an as
piring man, but It is a iaveard of uolltuai
hope. New York Herald
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