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EVENING LEDaEB PHIAPELPHlAt TUESDAY, SEEffflMBl&R IB, lOli.
. . - - - .. - ,- - ,J,
EVENING &&S&J LEDGER
PUBLIC LEDGlilt COMPANY
crnus 11. k. curtis. rss:T.
. John Grlhr,el. Vice Presidents nfptju,8'mtjl
John C. Mrtln. Treasurer; Charles II. LudlnKton,
I'Mlla B. Cftllln. John B. Wlllhm,DlrCtor
EDtTOIltAl. HOARD!
CtMjs H. K Cnuria, Chairman.
P. K. WlTALEf KxfcutlTj:tor
JOHN C. MAtlTIN QenerlJPuslnes S1RDI
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PIltlADLIJ'ltU.'Il'E'WAV. St.PlkMItLlt 15, 1U1V
Why Uic Evening Ledger Fights Penrose
THE lamentable conditions which rentier it
Impossible for a paper believing in Re
publican principles to support tho Republican
nominee for the Sennto must likewise bo
fluillclently grave to make his defeat a public
necessity. If the record of Mr. Penrose
Absolutely forbids support of lilm by a
rcspectablo nowspapor, qulto obviously .1
decent regard for tho welfare of tho State
and nation requires that newspaper to bring
nil of Its influence to bear to cause his defeat.
Ho is either so objectionable that tho liven
ing Ledger must fight him, or ho is not
objectionable enough to Justify a refusal to
Indorse him.
Mlddlo ground for a newspaper in such an
exigency is cowardly. In fact, tho Evening
Ledger is not only confronted with a para
mount duty, but with a splondid opportunity
for servlco. The Independence of Us view
point causes it to be obsorved by the forces
of good government, without respect to
party. In all parts of tho Union. Men be
lieve, nnd have a right to believe, that at
last thoro Is In the East a great metropolitan
dally which will speak boldly, without fear
of Interests, corporate or popular, and stand
Irrevocably for good government, no matter
under what party bannor.
Whatever tho btandlng of Penroselsm in
Pennsylvania, it is hated and detested in
every other State of tho Unlou. Nowhere
else is there any attempt to defend it. Tho
failure of the Evening Ledger to wage an
energetic campaign against it could be inter
preted in but ono way. The paper's sin
cerity would be questioned.
Manufacturers believe that Mr. Penrose
will be able to write the next tariff bill If
Republicanism Is rehabilitated. That is on
erroneous view. Xo party would dare enact
a bill written by Mr. Penrose. A Republican
majority in "Washington would find some
other chairman for the Finance Committee
of the Senate. Tho seniority of Mr. Penroso
would not count.
Pennsylvania manufacturers misinterpret
tho signs of tho times quite as sadly as did
tho Southern slave-holders. The election of
Mr. Penrose would hamstring the Repub
lican campaign in 1916. With Penroselsm
around tho neck of the party, what chance
"V.-oula IT" havo in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Michigan. Ohio, in any of tho pivotal States
which showed so plainly in 1912 that they are
through and done with tho methods of Pen
rose, Forakcr and that class of men? It is
well understood that tho Democracy would
view a Penroso triumph with a light heart,
being convinced that it marked a sure free
trade victory in 1916.
The Evening Ledger owes a duty to tho
nation. It must conscientiously work for tho
rehabilitation of Republicanism. That can
only bo brought about by the defeat of Pen
rose. His elimination Is necessary to purify
tho party, to persuade tho nation that it is
purified. It is a medlclno which the true
friends of tho Republican party will insist on
Its taking.
There is but one position for the Evening
Ledger to take. It must declare, as the con
ditions prove, that this is a moral issue. The
..economic principles of Mr. Palmer it cannot
lndor-e. but his political morality it can ap
plaud As between a man of high principle
nnd ther man whose political record lndt
cat 1 principle at all. It must stand for
the mer. A tariff is but ono of many
thi! - on which a Senator votes. On other
thr Mr. Palmer W sound. A political revo
lut m so great fis to give a chance for a new
tar ff would be great enough surely to assure
a majority In the Senate without the aid
of one Pennsylvania vote. Oliver is still
there: and the loss of one vote which tho
defeat of Mr. Penrose would entail, might
readily mean the gain of five or ten votes
from other States, which otherwise would
not send Republican Senators to Washington.
So l.ir as local interest is concerned, in all
his .rs in Washington, for Philadelphia
Mr. r 1 rose has done practically nothing. The
Dele ' ire has been neglected, the ustom house
Is .. .IiBgrace and the postofllce Is llu'. bet
t i The freight of the nation has flowed by
3 ladelphla and on to New York. It should
1 o stopped here. It wtll when the Oov
. .nment, State and national, does as much
fur the p.rt as has been done for S-w York.
Hut while Mr. Penrose control afftirs there
will be no difference. His Interests are all
in one direction.
The Evening Ledger loyally proves Its Re
public unlsm by Its support of Mr. Drum
Laugh It demonstrates Us allegiance to
national Republicanism and good government
by calling on the voters to prove) that Pen
robeifem is not Republicanism, by showing
that his defeat ts a prerequisite to the sue
ccsa of the party In the nation, by support
lng Mr. Palmer, not because, but in spite, of
his tatiff views.
Advocate a of good government can Justly
say. "If the Evening Ledger Is not for us It
is, against us"; but not to be against Mr.
Penrose is to be for him. The political
in.i hinery that ha directs flourishes In darii-ru-..
Silence is the support It craves. A
piuspaper that acquiesces now In the elec
tion of the Organisation's head cannot with
any power fleht against the Organisation
itself in the approaching municipal electtons.
Tnere can be no neutrality when its methods
are before the electorate. Mr. Penrose must
be defeated, and It la legitimate and right to
use the only instrument that is available for
that purpose.
The Evening Ledger Is an Independent Re
public. m newspaper. What does "lade
(.pendent" in this connection mean other than
, purr1"1 to save the party from Usflf when
crasii n demands It connotes an Intention
sur-J" t only those party candidates who
c w rrM It impli. s a determination to
- ect men who have prostituted the party to
their own purposes and are using it as a
cloak to hldo their delinquencies and to con
ceal their moral malfeosanoe. It means a
willingness, evon a promise, to place the pub
lic weal abovo tho exigencies of party
service. Doctor Brumbaugh, by word and
action, Is seeking to disassociate himself ns
much as posslblo from PenrosoUm,
Mr. Penroso commands a maohlno quite as
Inimical to the success of tho democratic
experiment in America aa militarism Is to
freedom nnd liberty In Europe Both nro
nulocratio, both dcstructlvo of the finer per
ceptions, both grasping and vengeful. And
Penroselsm, In addition, Is corrupt; noto
riously so. Better no protection nnd no cus
toms houses whatever than to securo them
through such an Instrumentality.
Mr. Penroso in tho minority Is worth noth
ing to Pennsylvania In Washington. Ills
election would Inhibit his being again In tho
majority. When tho Republicans control tho
Senate they will not bo Republicans of tho
Forakor and Penroso typo.
PASSED BY THE CENSOR
Quit Talking: Get Busy
THD peoplo nro for rapid transit. They
aro for It In a hurry. Moroover, they
intend to got it. They aro tlre-1 of tho con
stant blckorlng over minor sums, ns If this
weio n poverty-stricken municipality Instead
of ono of tho most lightly debt-burdened
cities of Its class In tho world. They aro
disgusted with tho attitude that to get rapid
transit they must sacrifice other projects.
They have no sympathy with back-pulling,
hesitant statesmen, who are first, against
any appropriation whatever to clear tho way
for nctual subway construction, and, sec
ondly, when threatened by an uprising of
business men in protest, reluctantly consent
to provide tho money but only by taking it
away from some other meritorious and nec
essary Improvement. The public is positively
nauseated by tho provincial vision of men
who soem utterly lncnpable of comprehend
ing tho Imperial future of Philadelphia.
Tho United Buslncw Men's Association to
night should reject all compromise. It prob
ably will. Certainly tho membership will bo
qulto unnblo to appreciate tho argument
that tho city Is too poor to relocate sewers
and also build nn Art Museum for tho hous
ing of some of tho most valuable nrt treas
ures In tho world.
Tho Flnunco Committee of Councils has
put itself In an utterly untenable position.
It can retrieve Its reputation only by a
square and fair reversion of policy. Thnt Is
what It Is expected to do and what the busi
ness men of this community should Insist It
must do.
Democracy If the Kaiser Wins
IT IS not merely to gain favor In this coun
try through American fondness for the
name "democracy" that Count von Berns
torff nnd other Germans are prophesying an
accelerated advancement of the democratic
principle ns a result "f the present war. In
the Empire of the Kaiser. Mind you, thoy
aro not predicting the downfall of the Em
pire, like those who assert that only throuch
sucn a disaster can democracy prosper. They
seo plainly that, whether or not tho Imperial
banners shall wave in final victory, tho
triumph of democracy Is already In prog
ress. Such a triumph Is not of necessity
brought about by violent revolution, nnd,
moreover, tho thing that a peoplo Is slowest
and most reluctant to change, or suffer to
be changed, Is its form of government.
The story of triumphant political democ
racy is a story of accumulated constitutions
and charters, grants and bestowals. Usually
the possessor of the power desired by the
poople has parted with them grudgingly,
sometimes only as tho result of coercion; but
often they have been transferred as gifts of
gratitude or rewards for service. It will bo
exceedingly strange if the service of the Ger
man people to the Fatherland In this crisis
is not rewarded, and Count von Bernstorff,
who is in a position to speak with some au
thority, says that It will be. That the Issue,
in their minds, ir not autocracy versus de
mocracy i3 abundantly proved by the atti
tude of tho Socialists in the Reichstag and
the country at large, for In Germany tho
Socialists are the representatives of political
democracy. The Germans aro fighting for
their country, not for a new form of govon
ment, and whi-n all classes In a nation will
ingly bear heavy burdens for the same patri
otic cause ther- is hound to bo, in victory ns
in defeat, .1 stronger sense of Independence,
and Anally a larger measure of political
equality. German domocraey wins, which
ever way the winds of war may blow.
In England the cause of popular liberty
was marvetously advanced, without coercion,
during the reign of the greatest absolutist
among the Angelina, Henry II, and, as Dr.
Frederick A. Cleveland says In his book on
"Organized Democracy," it has frequently
fared better under a monarchy than under a
democratic form of government.
Give Every Child n Fighting Clmnco
MORE than 14,000 public achool children
in Philadelphia over 10 per cent, of
this year's enrolment will have to be con
tent with half- or part-time schooling this
year. This condlUon of affairs has been
chronic fur some time and is not only dis
graceful but Indefensible. It is full of dan
ger for tho community and for the children
themselves, and should be remedied at once.
The pama condition, only In an aggravated
form, exists all over the United States. Of
the 20,000,000 children of Echool age, only
about CO per cent, attend school for even
half the year.
In Philadelphia fully 16,000 children who
graduate each year from the public schools
are forced Into the 'blind alley" of industrial
life and recruit the ranks of the unemployed,
dependont and delinquent classes.
The Arm basis of a Republic is the. educa
tion, the thorough education of its citizens.
This means a seat In school, at full time, for
every child of school age. in Philadelphia
particularly, a city of homes, thera can be
no satisfactory excuse for Inadequate echool
faculties.
As an Ambassador, It appears A. Rustero
Hay Is an Incomparable conversationalist.
It ts difficult to understand how the Ger
man army can be flying from Prance when
it has been reported that both Its wings wars
crushed.
Toe "War Horsa of Reform" mows back
to the cJty today- The Mayor I reaort4 to
bsi In exeellent health ami ready to t8i. un
th9 cudgels. In behalf of bqq4 government
with renewed vigor.
Food prices in Philadelphia, aside from the
Importum item of meat, are lower than In
any other city of eorresponding felze in
America. Luscious raspberries, which are
almost unobtainable in New Tork, may be
had here for 7 cents a box. Cantaloupes are
retailing at 6 cents here and 10 cents in New
York. And so on,
EVERY time lsraol Zangwlll'a name ap
pears In print, Gcorgo C. Tyler, who pro
duced "Tho Garden of Allah,' lays In a new
supply of sackcloth and ashes and exclaims
"Mea culpa; mca maxima culpat" And Inci
dentally, ho snys unholy things about a cer
tain ex-drnmntlc critic now a resident of
Philadelphia, It nil happened in tho daya
whon Tyler had Just turned tho financial cor
ner with "Tho Christian." Tho dramatic
road had been full of hnrd sledding, and his
first big success had Increased his bank ac
count to man's size. Thon, Into tho verdant
and unsophisticated Hfo of Tyler crept that
nefarious critic. In tho lattor'B behalf It may
bo said thnt ho has reformed now and Is try
ing to Hvo down his critical pnst.
At any rate, tho ctltlo had Just read Zang
wlll's "Children of tho Ghetto," then newly
published. Full of misplaced enthusiasm ho
wont to Tylor nnd urged him to have It
dramatized and produced. Tyler "bit," and
ns subsequent events proved was bitten, for
when tho play c!ord after a while, Tylora
ofore-mentloned bank account had beon de
creased by some $20,000.
AHOUT tho only thing in which Jnmos
Gordon Bcnnott, owner nnd editor of tho
Now York Herald, not to mention the Paris
edition and tho New York Evening Telegram,
showed hesitation, was In matrimony. It
took him 73 years to get married; it never
took him 73 seconds to reach any other
decision. In fact, his precipitancy has been
notorious on two continents. This Is best
exemplified by a happening ono Thursday
morning Without warning, tho New York
ofltco received a cublo dispatch from Paris,
signed with tho usual "Bennett," ordering tho
suspension of tho Evening Telegram. Thoro
was no reason given, and, ns Bennett's word
is law, no one asked for an explanation. Tho
stnft wns dismissed and then thero enmo
another dispatch to resume tho publication.
Slnco then tho Evening Telcgrnm has be
come Bennett's best paying property.
THE next time somo British friend reminds
you that lynchings tako place only In tho
United States, nsk lilm or her If ho or she
hns over heard of un historic lynching in
Edinburgh. Tho reply will most likely bu
"no," yet .lolin Torteous was hanged by a
mob In 1730, nnd tlm cntlro populace was
delighted beyond words. Poiteous was cap
tain of the guard and was known for his
wanton cruelty. In a street riot ho had
forced his men to fire Into tho crowd, seven
being killed and more than :0 Injured. Ho
was placed on trial for murder and found
guilty. A reprieve was granted and Porteous
was placed in tho Tolbooth. On September
7 a mob formed, took the keys from tho
Jailer, set all tho prisoners freo and dragged
Porteous to a tree and hanged him, after
first torturing him.
DURING tho last strlko of the cloak and
eultmakers In this city, there camo an
lnllUx of gunmen from New York city real
"bad men" of tho "eut-'em-nllvo" typo.
Stories of their prowess and Ilre-eatlng pro
pensities were spread brondenst to scare
away strike-breakers until Detective Isaacs,
of the Central Office, appeared on tho scene.
Single-handed he marched up to the three
leaders of tho gunmen. Taking ono in his
good right hand nnd another In his equally
good left, he bumped their heads together
with precision and force. Then ho took the
precious trio to Broad Street Station, put
them aboard a New York express and told
them politely and nil that, but sternly never
theless, that It would bo wlso to "beat It"
beforo real trouble ensued.
Slnco thon Philadelphia has been free from
gunmen, and the Phllndclphln police forco
has a reputation among Now York gangsters
of being brutal In tho extreme impolite, In
fact.
ALL yo housewives who mako your hus
" bands get up early these chill mornings
to lik-ht tho kitchen Arc, take noto that tho
man who invented the kitchen range as con
stituted at present wuh ono Eenjamln Frank
lin, a native of Philadelphia and said to have
been intimately conneend with certain inci
dents of our Revolution Franklin first In
vented a stove to burn bituminous coal
which consumed Its own smoke, having a
downward draft. Later, ho devised another
design, which had a banket grate and mov
able lnrs at the top and bottom supported
on a pivot. The top would bo Ailed with
kindling, then th bosket would bo Inverted
and the Are would burn at tho base. Tho
Franklin stove is still in use in many parts
of the United States, although thore have
beon hundreds of Improvements nnd mode
rations. BIO oaks from tiny ncorns grov, even to
the extent of developing into a reigning
house like the Hapsburgfc. Away back, hid
den In the mi-ts of history, a Count Rudolf
von Hapsburg was riding toward a stream
nt which stood a monk, unablo to cross. Ho
told the fount that he was on his way to
hrlvo a dylne man and tho Count lent his
horse that he ml-ht continue on IAh errand
of mercy. The next day the monk returned
tho horse.
'God forbid." exclaimed tho Count, "that
I should ever ride a horse that hns carried
tho Saviour to a dying man," and he pre
sented the animal to the Church.
In the course nf time, tho monk becamo
chaplain to the Prince Elector of Mainz. A
new Emperor was to be chosen and the for
mer monk sugeested the namo of Rudolf von
Hapshurg. And so It came about that Ru
dolf was chosen Emperor of tho Holy Roman
Empire, tho precursor of poor Franz Josef.
TWO bos near Media found a pot of beau
tiful Brefcn paint and a. brush. They also
discover' 4 that their father's horse was a
dirty white Ho they started to paint it
jrren. When thoy had finished the tall and
ono hind leg, father came upon tho scene.
"Boys," Ue said, "as you appear to hava a
penchant for art, you may paint the picket
fence around tho old homestead green; hath
etdejs, mind you, and no play until you nre
done.
Tnat ts why the hoys have decided to ho
coma despeiadoas or reporters or something
Similarly dreadful. UUAPFORIX
CURIOSITY SIIQI
Ppite all notion to the contrary, history
does repeat Itself occasionally, and from the
diary of John livclyn. a contemporary of Sam
Ul Ppys. this appears proved Under date of
July , 183, Evelyn wrote:
"The pubUe was now in great consternation
on the late plot and conspiracy; Hli Majesty
very melancholy, end not stirring without
double guard: all the avenues and private
doers about Whitehall and the park shut up.
few admitted to walk in it.
"The Turks were likewise in hoetlllty against
the Herman Kniperor. almost masters of the
Up .er Hungary, and drawing toward Ylenna.
On the other side the French King (who it is
believed brought in the infidels) disturbing his
Spanish and Dutch neighbors, having swal
lowed up almost all Flanders, pursuing his
ambition of a fifth universal monarchy; and
all this blood nnd disorder in Christendom had
evidently Us rise from our defections at home,
In a wanton peace, minding nothing but luxury,
amblUon, and to procure money for our vices.
To this and our lrrellglon and atheism, great
lngraUtude and self-lnterestl the apostney of
some, ahd the suffering tho French to grow so
great, and the Hollanders so weak. In a word,
we were wanton, mad, and surfelUng with pros
perity; cyery moment unsettling the old foun
dations, and never constant to anything. The
Lord In mercy avert the ond omen, and that
wa do not Provoke Him till Ho bear It no
longerl
"This summer did wo suffer twenty French
mcn-o'.war to pass our channel toward tho
sound, to help tho Danes ngalnst tho Swedes,
who had abandoned the French Interest, we not
having ready sufficient to guard our coasls, or
take cognizance of what they did; though the
naUon nover had moro or a better navy, yet
tho sea had never so slender a fleet."
On July 19, 1889, Evelyn wrote In hla diary:
"Tho Marshal do Schombcrg wont now ns gen
eral toward Ireland, to the relief of London
derry. Our fleet lay before Brest Tho Con
federates passing tho Rhine, besiege Bonn and
Mnyence, to obtnln a passage Into France. A
great victory gotten by tho Muscovites, taking
and burning Perecop. A new rebel agntnst the
Turks threatens the destruction of that tyranny.
All Europe In arms against Frnnco, nnd hardly
to be found In history so universal a faco of
war."
DONE IN PHILADELPHIA
IN A SPIRIT OF HUMOR
On the Just and the Unjust
Knlcker Thoy nre looking for a war tax that
will fall equally on every one.
Boclter Then tax tho rain. Now York Sun.
Morning Sunt
From a short poem enUtlcd "Daybreak," by
Prof. George Herbert Clarke:
"Sunt Sunt Bunt Bunt
81m
Bunt Bunt Sunt"
Sounds like a prejudiced newsboy.
A Pulling Story
The Texan pulled the dentist's bell,
The dentist pulled him In,
The Texan pulled hts Jaws npart,
And bade the Doc begin.
Tho dentist pulled his forceps from
His caso to pull tho tooth,
And then he pulled tho wrong ono out;
Ho was a careless youth.
Tho Texan pulled himself upon
His feet and pulled a gun;
An officer thon pulled thorn both,
His namo was Sergeant Dunn.
Dunn pulled a Up from each and o'or
The Judge's eyes pulled wool;
They both pulled out without a Alio,
For Dunn possessed a pull.
New York Telegraph.
A Dual Alliance
A Michigan paper announces tho marriage of
Knthryn Cannon nnd William Popp. We hopo
that no bang-up a wedding will not be fol
lowed by a state of war.
Compensation
If It Is true, as our business philosophers tell
us, that "those who nover do more than they
get paid for, nover get paid for moro thnn they
do." then it is quite clear that If you want to
get paid for moro than you do, you must do
more than you get paid for. Even a philoso
pher ought to see how Impossible that Is, b't,
of course, the truo philosopher cannot b ex
pected to hesitate over a mero Impossibility.
Life.
A Grave Mistake
From the Arst chapter of tho Belgian Com
mission's romance of German deviltry:
"On August 12, after the battle of Haclcn,
Colonel van Damme, commander of a Belgian
rcclmunt, was lying wounded on tho battlelleld,
Soveral German Eoldlers found hlin,
and placing their revolvers ngalnst his mouth,
blew ha head oft." For this barbarity, at leant,
there Is the very best of evidence. Tho vora
cious Commlinluni.'rti havo an affidavit from
Colonel van Damine himself. Baltimore American.
A Question of Ownership
Alkali Ike And so Slippery Sam died with
his boots on, eh?
Broncho BUI No, he died with my boots on.
That's how he camo to die. Boston Transcript.
Taking No Chances
"Dllson yonder tells mo lie trusts his wife
Implicitly and absolutely, but"
"Well!"
"Well, I should notice ho carries hla change
and his Ashhooks loose In the same pocket."
Judge
The Happy Fanner
The shades of night were falling fast
When up the fonce tow blithely passed,
Through cntusote and Paris Bieen,
These grim trespassers on tho scene:
One army worm,
One chinch bug,
One Hessian fly.
One cut worm,
Advancing each before Its kind,
They gave the wiggle-wag behind.
And unswerlng with buzz nnd whl5S
Their trusty troopj Invaded viz,:
One wheatfleld.
One Aeld of oats.
One cornflelil,
One potato patch,
Tho farmer slumbered In Ills bed
While pleasant fancies roatn.c4 Ul3 !l3ll,
And dreamed of getting after bit
A few farm luxuries, to wit;
One automobile,
One lighting plant.
One tractor,
One silo.
Hut where the setting sun had sliona
Of opulence remained a bono,
Clean-picked as frost denudes the Uoss,
And what the farmer had wore Uusso:
On.e sale,
One trip to a new farming country.
One trip back again,
One start all over.
Wall street JojjrnaL
The Railroads ami Washington
There Is no possible doubt that In many In
stances the tax (the proposed tax on freight
traffic) collected from the shipper will reach
the ultimate consumer as a double market
price of the articles so taxed; there l no
possible doubt that In all Instances it will mean
final costs very much higher than they are
now. New York Frets,
NOW that Baltimore hns had its Star-Spangled
Banner cetebratlon, In commemoraUon
of the 100th anniversary of tho writing of Key's
Immortal song, let us glanco a moment nt Phila
delphia's sharo in popularizing that anthem.
Whenever a song nchloves enormous popu
larity there usually appears on tho untroublod
waters a controversy that Is carried over from
one generation to another. So It has been
with Key's song, which, llko Hopklnson's "Hall,
Columbia!" did not originally bear the Utle by
which It Is now known to countloss millions.
Tho controversy In this Instance, however,
does not reflect upon Francis Scott Koy, but
rages around tho identity of tho composer of
tho music. Llko many nnothor controversy of
similar character, this ono has boen settled a
good many times to tho satisfaction of some
of U10 disputants; nevertheless, thore seems
to bo a good deal needed to entirely clear the
ntmosphere. A Phllndclphlan, too, has engaged
In this entertaining occupaUon, but It ta not
about him thnt I wnnt to chat today.
It was In tho pages of a Philadelphia maga
zine, tho Annloctlc, which In Its tlmo was the
foremost monthly In this country, and not sur
passed by any In London, that Key's poem
first received a printed form that might bo
called permanent. At that tlmo, also, It still
was unnamed.
Key wroto his poem, ns Is very well known,
white he was on a British ship that was en
gaged In tho bombardment of Fort MoHenry
In Soptember, 1S14. It Is -dcscrlpUvo of his
thoughts nnd feelings, nrousod ns thoy wero
to a high pitch of patriotism, and when ho
roturned to Baltimore after tho unsuccessful
bombardment he gavo tho manuscript to a
friend, who soon had It put in type in ono of
tho Baltimore nowspnpor ofnees.
It wns entitled "Tho Dcfonso of Fort Mo
Henry," but oven this rather weak title for
so lusty n song could not destroy Its Influence
It wns by nil odds the best poem produced
during tho Wnr of 1S12, nnd, ae usual, Koy
did not know that ho was doing tho best thing
of Its kind ever penned. Genius noarly always
falls to recognize Itself. Somo ono has to place
tho wreath of fame on their brow before thoy
understand.
Tho poem was printed In nearly every news
paper of tho tlmo ns soon ns It come to tho
editor's hand. But when tho editor of tho
Annloctlc, nt that tlmo Washington Irving,
saw the poem In the newspapers, ho did tho
best ho could to bestow tho wreath.
Ho placed It nt tho head of tho poetry in tho
November number of tho Analectlo, 1814, nnd
introduced It with .1 description of tho circum
stances under which It was written. At tho
same time ho wroto that It was far too valu
able a piece of verse to permit to be lost.
Thus It onmo nbout that the Arst literary
recognition of tho Star-Spangled Banner camo
from a Philadelphia magazine.
But thoro Is another chapter to this.
The first man to sing tho Star-Spangled Ban
ner also wns a Philadelphia, and his descend
ants have aroused a great deal of controversy
because of ono slight remark ho mndn nbout
tho circumstances of this Arst public singing
of tho Immortnl song.
To be exact, thero was not ono who sang tho
Houg Arst, but two, tho bi others, Chnrlcs nnd
Ferdinand Durang. Thcso young men, who
wero tho sons of a performer In tho old Chest
nut Street Theatre, also wore connected with
tho theatrical profession. Charles Durang wns
n dancing master hero for years and wroto a
history of tho Philadelphia theatres. Both of
tho Durangs enlisted In tho Harrlsburg Blues
when there was a call for volunteers to repel
the British, who wero going strong in tho
neighborhood of tho Chesapeake Thoy wero
In enmp near Baltimore nnd stationed at Foil's
Point.
They were In Baltimore soon after tho nt
tack on the fort nnd thero wero handed a copy
of tho poem. Now, hero Is wheo tho con
troversy beglnB. '
According to Charles Durang's version of this
event, ho rend over the song nnd said to his
brothor, "This would mako n good national
pong." And thorcupon ho begnn to senrch for
a plcco of music that would lit tho words. He
said thnt ho wont through his trunk nnd pulled
forth a well-known song, then very popular,
entltlfd, "To Anncroon In Heaven," and dc
elded thnt It was Just tho thing.
Of course, tho words did fit. Thoy fltted to
a nicety, because evidently Koy had tho motor
of tho drinking song in his head at tho time
he wrote. It was not tho Arst tlmo tho same
music had beon used to tho words of an Amer
ican patriotic song. Thoro was "Adams and
Liberty," written by Robert Treat Palno 11
years previously, and at this tlmo widely known.
It Is probablo that Key know It bettor than ho
did tho original "To Anacreon In Heaven,"
which was an English song Bung by the Anac.
reontlc Society, which ho thought w.13 the air
to which his song Miould bo suiur.
Yet, on tho strength of that remnik nbout
Audlng a ploco of music to At, homo attempts
have beon mado to bollttlo Durang's version of
how the song was Arst sung In public.
It is well to remembor Hint those who would
duny Durang tho honor ho clalrnH for hlmsolf
and brother have not attempted to designate
any othor place or circumstance under which
the song Arst received Its public presentation.
In his valuable trentlso on our so-called na
tional songs Mr. Sonneclt, of the Library of
Congress, glvos a list of moro than 40 books,
nrtloles and other material that lofof to tho
history of that one song. Mr. Sbnneek's book
was printed flvo jears ago, nnd I believe ho
would now bo compelled to ovon doublo the
length of his list.
As to tho real authorship of the music, tho
result of the various controversies thus far has
been to even further obscure tho point.
Tho Rev. Or. II. T. lionry. president of the
Catholic High School for Boys, and Dr. Orat
tan Flood havo been engaB.-d In one of the
most eluborute controversies nbout tho origin
of the ulr of tho Ktar-Hiwnsled liannor that
has yet been waged. Both aro regarded highly
as authorities on general hymnology, hut jq
far as I mn 6an from their articles the ques
tten of tho outhoruhip of tho tune is stm 0n
Oshatsbio ground.
There Is a great deal of literature yet to bo
Written aaoiu Key's utile neotn, which lie wrote
on ttw hack of an envelope,
THBT.VUSJMN
Usury Van Ukc In iljo QiulnnJi
Wast is Fortune, what Is PamoT
PutUo gold und phantom nam,
ltth8 buried in a cave,
Olury written 00 a grave.
What la Friendship? BumstWag flsen
That the heart ctm spend b4 jmp
Wealth that grttm white give,
Praifte that heartens i (a Uv.
Come, my friend, and Hi m PX8YU
Lift's tiu tullsman Is love!
By thi 1 harm we shall elude
Poveity and solitude.
TUo Hague, mi.
VAST VOLCANIC CHAIN
LINKED COASTS OF U. S.
Geologic Proof That In Prehistoric
Times America Seethed With Activo
Craters from tho Atlantic to tha
Pacific.
That tho compleUon of tho Panama Canal
should bo signalized by the bursUng fortii of
a volcano-tho only Uve one L-. ine United
States-was as etarUIng as It was tinexpeoUd
says M. C. Frederick, In the Boston Transorlpt!
To thoeo familiar with the geology of the
Pacific coust, howover, the manifestation occa
slons no surprise.
It ia a strange story geologists tell ui 0f
the California coaot-that ages ago Us moun
tain peaks, more reefs In a great expanse of
sea, rose to such a height that Santa Barbers
Channel was a vast valley, over whloh doubt
less roamed tho elonhant, camel, Hon, saber
toothed tiger and othor animals whose fossil
remains are scattered ovor the country ana
somo of which aro found on tho islands. Then
the land again sank bonoaUt the sea and again
arose, and marine fossils aro found in atmn
donco along the shore and on the mountain
tops many miles from sea. Imagine the ur.
prlso of tho old gold huntors to find thi
skeleton of a whalo nt on olevaUon of a thou
sand fcot and two hundred miles inland.
And ages ago, as wo havo seen, tho land alee
had its baptism of Are. Radiating from mlddis
California In soparato streams, scientists tell
us, tho lava flowing north bocamo n flood,
burying tho smaller Inequalities and encircling
tho larger, until It covered tho greater portion
of northern California, northwestern Nevada,
nearly all of Oregon, Washington ond Idaho,
and reached far Into Montana and BrlUah
Columbia. Arizona and New Mexico were alio
Involved. Tho Columbia River cuts through
lava thrco or four thousand feet thick, and in
a cut In tho Deschutes Rlvor thirty successive
shcots of lava may bo counted.
But that wns many thousands of years ago,
being at Its holght In tho Miocene period,
Slnco then ncUvIty In tho United States has
gradually diminished until It pracUcally ceased
within tho lost fow centuries, with occasional
belated manifestations, as at present
Even In historic times thoro has ovIdenUy
been a marked diminution of suoh phonomena
on our Westorn coast Spanish explorers
exprcssod tho belief that thoro wero volcanoes
In tho const rango of Southern California. This
may not havo been so ontlrely Imaginative as
Is generally supposed. In tho desert east of
Daggett lava beds and craters hava been;
reported, of so recont a formaUon that some
bellovo them to bo not moro than 100 years old.
For somo tlmo after tho sottloracnt of Banta
Barbara thero was a "volcano" on tho sea
shore, clUier tho gonulno artlclo or burning
petroleum. At tho tlmo of tho earthquakes of
1912 a now volcano was reported back of Pine
Mountain.
An old geography of 1S15 calmly remarks that
"California Is a wild and almost unknown land.
In the Interior aro volcanoes and vast
plains of shifting snows, which sometimes
shoot columns to great holght. This would
scorn near Incredible were It not for tho well
authenticated accounts of travelera."
Tho entlro region of Yellowstone Park,
Wyoming, was In remarkable volcanic activity
at a comparatively lato geological period, nnd
the lingering phenomena still produced consti
tutes tho most remarkable series of natural
wonders of nny equal nroa of the globe. There
Is nlso a small goysor region, of a hundred or
two boiling geysers, with tholr accompaniment
of sulphur, salts and nlkalls, In the mountains
of central California.
In time, no doubt, tho rnclflc coast will
become ns settled ns the Atlantic side, which
In early geological times, wo are told, appar
ently had outbursts on a grandor scala than
nnythlng known In historic times, for example,
tho enormous floods of lavns which with tufas
nnd sandstones form tho copper-bearing aeries
of Lnko Superior, which havo a thickness of
thousands of feet
Tho coast of Mnlne, tho region of Boston, ths
Connecticut Vnlloy, tho PnllBndo of the Hud
Fon. through Pennsylvania, nnd clsowhere,
show traces of ancient volcanic action, and
tho same may bo said of many countries of
Europe whore volcanic llfo Is now extinct
Alnskn, Mexico and South America still show
mote or less volcanic nctlvlty, but In all the
known world there Is but ono Stromboll, In the
Mediterranean, which has been constantly
discharging lava for more thnn two thousand
years.
THE IDEALIST
Due to the grace of God most of us are
whole limbed.
Do you know what it really moans to be abl
to walk along with your legs doing their full
duty, with full-grown and unimpaired arms
swinging In hnrmony with your Btrlde, with
cjes seeing overy passing thing, with ears hew
ing all sounflB?
You will not know until you are deprived ol
ono of them.
Those of us who nro wholo-llmbed have won
out In our chances Those who are not have
Inst. And tho most matter-of-fact men on earth
will ndmlt that life docs contain a huge degree
of chance.
A crippled mnn-a bright, cheerful chap-on"
pave tho reason for his extreme nnd continued
etate of happiness. His reply made stronger
men of hla hearers.
"Because nil of my friends treat me as on
of themselves. They offer me no regrets, which,
after nil. are useless. They never refer to mr
misfortune. They talk freely with me as If I
wero ns well equipped physically as any om
of them."
Thero is the secret One of ourselves' Thin
of It when rude Instinct prompts you to stare
nt a cripple passing you on the street
There exists among most folk who have been
deprived of a partial use of their bodies a Mi
degree of sensitiveness with respect to a dls
cueMon or their particular ailment. The sUsM
est mention of the topic often sends the mind
of such a one Into a season of brooding
Under this comes the too fiequent extendrol
of sympathy, the too much offered hand of
help. Note how your unfortunate friend
proud to do things which you were not '
ho could do.
Suffering humanity needs all the help " ln
SlVC. But do not forget thut In extending hIP
4 mental attitude must be taken Into iowmlr'
tton, as well rs a physical deflclcno
Do not permit your helping efforts to mph'
Sire the lh Ideal gulf between vou and the on
you help. TUB IDEALIST
Tho Wastes of lYuce
The war lias brought Into a whiter light thw
ever the Immense waste that goen on ' s'
eminent In times of pouee. ivngr-n ""
play a high card by looking this iiuestlon 'lrl
tn the face now. whon world-wide econoin)
the watthword. MinneujiolUi Journal
WuuU'll
Of Cour.e
Vun Short ulll Ah' Nu toMtrss'
you like to be a nmir'
MU3 Swift-Of course! Wouldu I you JuJfc