'bM a EVENING L'EDGER PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1014. jW : rKi rholograph by Underwood & Underwood, S8fc I j m ' ' - BELGIAN SUBJECTS, REJOICING OVER THE NEWS OF THEIR OWN ARMY'S VALIANT FIGHT AGAINST THE GERMANS, WELCOMED THE BRITISH ROYAL MARINES ARRIVING AT OSTEND WITH SHOUTS OF JOY urn PROVISIONS SCARE EVEN IN THE WAKE OF VICTORIOUS ARMY Thrifty Peasants Sell Food to the Wounded Who Have Money, but Serve Penniless Without Pav. f1m. I By G. H. PERRIS Qinrepohlem u t lun hjxn Special ''"Wo IJiapnth THIERRY "ept H (lH.laedl. We first real'zed jestejita !'i the lit tle town if Brie, which lien rant of Paris, between the Seine and the Marno. how difficult It Is to get food in the rear of two successive invasions, as in every town In that region all the shops aero shut and ' nearly all the houses. It was only alter j a long search thiit we found an inn that j could give ua a luncheon There In a large room with a low-beamed roof and tiltd floor our stout landlady In blue cot ton produced an excellent meal of melon, mutton, macaro'.l and good ripe pears, Dogs and eau sprawled around us and a big- bowl of ros spoke of serenities that ore now ;ii generul eclipse. At a neighboring t.ib.e a group of peasants, too , old for active si-i.ke, were discussing their grievances .t a railway cros-s)ntc Just out of town we were blocked h a train of about a dozen big horse trucks I and two j'assetigyr carriages, carrying wounded and prison-is to Paris from the fighting line in the north. It had been a gloomy murninff, and rain , now fell in torrents Nevertheless, the townsfolk crowded ap and gave an ex hibition of a satisfactory combination of profit and pity by supplying? big- flat loaves of bread and bottle of w!n, with j fruit, cigarettes and Jugs of water, to those In thu train who had money, and to ' some who had none. . PUOUD OF THEIR WOl'NDS. A great Turco In fei and oiouse and short, baggy breaches was very ittlve In this commissariat work. Some of the I Frenchmen on board were not wounded seriously enough to prevent them from getting down on to the roadway, nd you may bo sure they wer not ashamed of their plaster patches and bandaged arms. There wero about SOQ German prisoners on the. train. We got a glimpss of them lying In straw upon the floor in the dark interior of the bis trucks, I got on to th footboard and looked Into the open door of one wagon Fif teen men were stretched upon straw and two Kildiers stood guard over them, rifle In hand. They all seemed to be in an extreme state o exhaustion, dome were asleep and others v. era eating lures ohunks of bread. In the middle of the wagon a young soldier who spoke French fuirly well told me the German losses during the last three days had bum enormous, and then, stopping suddenly, he inquired, "Woqidtt be possible, sir, to get a little water for my fellows and myself?" 'Certainly,' I rep'ded, and a man be longing to the station, who was passing with a jug. said at once that he would run and get some water. The prisoner thanked me and added, with a sigh, They are very good fellows hero " SCHOOLJIOTJSE INVADED A scene In a village schoolhouse will longest remain In my memory as a fla grant exhibition of brutality and malice. The low forms of the master's dtsk and blackboard stand today as they did July 15, -which was, no doubt the last day be fore the summer vacation, as It was also the last week before the outbreak of the war. On the walls the charts remained, which reminded the little ones dally that alcohol is their enemy, and that had sum moned them to follow the path of kind ness, Justice and truth. Windows of this ohoolliouse were smashed, broken cart ridge cases lay about with the wings of birds and other refuse. Near the door la chalked up In German handwriting "Bartt Paris" (."left for Paris"). The really speaking message that bad been left, lay, however, in the piles of burnt straw with which it had been de liberately sought to burn the place. There was one pile under the school bookcase, the doors of which had been smashed aad some of the books thrown about. Tfcey could aot even respect the llttl J& museum consisting of a few bottles of metal and chemical specimens, and when 1 turned to leave I suddenly perceived written across the bluekbonrd In bold t'no writing, as the lesson of the day, the? words' "A choque Jour sutllt sa p"!ne " No llctlonlst'B Imagination could Im'f compared the biting irony of there word.- 'nit the deepest bitterness of this In ny 1 ea In the fact that such an out-rn-,e could he perpetrated by mon be longing to n nation one of whose boasts wns thnt they have been the pioneers In Europ of elementarv schooling. One of the vlllacers gave us the follow ing narntive of their experiences during the past week. "It wns Saturday, Sep tember 5, that about 15,000 Uhlans nrrlved In the vlllnce with tho Intention of marching on I'rovlns on the morrow Thev probably learned during tho night that tho Britluh ind F-ench lay in force across their road and perhaps they may have re rehed orders to set back. "Tn unv case early Pundav morning they started to retire when they met nt en trances to the village a regiment of chus-f-enrs This wa tho beginning of ristht tnir which Inated all dav ' t'nder the pretext that we had learned of the presence of the Fit nch troops and had helped them to p-epnre a trap, the i")rmnn .ieked the whole village.. Natur al! v thorp was a panic All the Inhabi tants, mostly women and children, be ta .- sirce mo! ligation there lu.ve heep on!v nine men in tho town, r.shed from their cottages nnd, mnny of thm Hehtly clad, rushed rross the fields anil hid thetnselv, f in the neighboring woods. "In several cottages .the Germans, re 'o!ver in hand, compelled poor peasant"! to bring matches nnd themselves pet Are to their homes Tn less than an hour the village wan like a furnace, the walls topp'lrc down ine by on- and all this time fighting continued. It was a horri ble spectacle. Several of us were dragged o the edge of the road to be shot, and there n-e remained for some hours, believ ing our lust day had come. " village youth, v ho was just going to loin th- colore, was shot, and then a retrfit was sounded The Germans Red precipitately, nnd we wore saved " GERMANS DRIVEN OFT T nsked whether cottages had not len 'red by artillery "Not a cannon .shot fell here," he replied "All that," point ing to a ruined hut. "was done by 'n rendlarte."." and then he added: "Last Tuesday two French officers came in an automobile and brought with them a su perior German officer, whom thev had randa prisonor They compelled him to become a witness of the mischief which his fellow countryman had done" A peasant woman passed pushing a wheelbarrow contaln'nv home half-burned household goods and followed bv her two mall children. "Look at the hru talltv nt these Hermans," she said. "My husband has gone to war and I am alone with my two little ones With great d'f ficulty we had managed to got through our crop and they set Are to our lltt'e farm ard turned everything ' FRENCH OFFICER SHOT AS TRAITOR TO COUNTRY Wife Was Crerroan-Qorn, Reported Cause of His Conduct at Namur, NEW YORK Bept 15. -According to a story related hero today by Ralph Dewey, an American merchant of ESI rtfth ave nue, who bus Used in Paris 15 years, General Pereln, of the French army, was sentenced to death and shot following Percln's conviction before a field court martial en charges of being a traitor. Reports have reached this country that he was killed by another French officer because the alleged traitor had surren dered Naraur to the Germans without a good fight, but no confirmation of th Incident has been received except Mr. Dewey's assertion. Mr. Dewey ald Percin commanded about 60,000 troops and had received or ders to rush to the relief of the British Belgian forces operating near Namur, but the Frenchman did not obey them. It waj brought out at General Percln's trial that he was married to a German woman," said Mr Ijewey, "that he was a member of a se.ret society whlob. Is strong In Germany, and that he had fre quently visited that country. "When questioned as to why he bad not obeyed his orders he made a trivial excuse, and he was sentenced to death and shot within an hour." PARIS SIPS SYRUPS AS GERMAN BOMBS DROP FROM SKIES Aviators Occasionally Dis turb Serenity of City, but Inhabitants Continue to Drink Unperturbed. UNIONIST RUMORS DENIED Xord Lansdowne Declares They WU1 Support the Government. LONDON. Eept U.-Flat denials of rumors that the Unionists would refuse to back the Government In Its war pol icy was made In tb,e House of Lords to oay by Lord Lansdowne. He declared the Opposition would continue to up port the Government, PARIS, Sept. 15. Paris Is the city without nerve. Paris refuses absolutely to b3 frightoiud Drinking grenadine byruna, diluted w'lth water, and watching, quite n ohalently, the dropplnf of Geimun bombs upon the city, is now the favorite pastime. This aitornoon I was sitting on the ter raco fronting the Cafe Cardinal. It was quite warm, brilliant sunshine having poured down upo.a the city all day. Scores of men and omen mostly w omen with a scattering of ouths and old mon were sitting about mi- imbibing favorlto syrups and water Waltcis bustled to and fro If tho amble of tho aged and ctlppled waiters, tho only sort available at present, can be termed a bustle and eevrythlng was quite peaceful and serene Prebcntly a passerby stopped and. ehadlng his oyes, gazed Into the sky. "Another German aeroplane," ho said, quite as if acustomed to wath them fly over his head many times a day. The people on the terrace looked up. tou. Sure enough, there, high ovbrhcad, was a "taiibe," moaning "pigeon," a Bemun monoplane. A prety young Frenchwoman near me, sipping htr pomgrannte mixture, remarked: "What gall!" S io did not move. Her face did not pale. Her voioe was as steady au If she weie asking the waiter for u carafe of frtsh water. She looked up now and then a.ternatlng her upward glances with rlpa of rosy grenadine. Suddenly there was a boom. A bomb exploded Just around the corner. Tho German aviator had let it fall from his "taube." Two English troopers in khaki, seeing all eyes gazing upward, stopped In front of my table, fired seven times each at the passing aircraft and grinned sheepishly when they saw It did not falter but went impudently on. Then another bomb exploded, and a third The aeroplane turned do'lberately over the Eiffel Tower, and from the top of this tall structure a mnchlne gun rat tled away. Then a cannon roared from somen here near the Champ de Mars again and again. The German pilot turned now and began to t a k track Near the Sacre Coeur, tho church on top of the Montmortre hill, the aeroplane veeied again, and presently the patter of a machine gun, working from the dome of this house of God, reached our ears. "Funny they can't get him." said the pretty little French woman, dabbling he-' straw In the grenadine. "Armored, ' said her companion In a bored sort of a way. "Ho's flying an armored aeroplane." "Why doesn't a French pilot go far hlml" asked the woman. "Search me," replied the man. The aeroplane disappeared, nnd tho crowd on the terrace went right on with Its drinks. COFFEK IiEADS TO PLEDGE Magistrate Makes One Slgrn and Holds Another, Because a cup of coffe had not been paid for. Magistrate Grellls made one man sign the pledge, and held another in (500 ball for causing a disturbance today In the restaurant of Mis Rose Bowman, 4-131 Ridge avenue. Thomas Murphy, a laborer, agreed not to drink Intoxicants again, while Clarence Leffter, also a laborer, woh suid he had no home, went to jail In default. Ho said he had been drinking The men were arrested by McLaughlin, a policeman, and bad bearings in the Thirteenth District station. CAPTAIN PATRICK URQUHART Captain Patrick Urquhart. a retired sea- golng ship master, who had numerous friend In Philadelphia, died at his home tn Llrwpool, England, several days ago. For more than 30 years he had com manded steamers plying between Liver pool and Philadelphia, and had frequently enjoyed tho hospitality of his Philadelphia friends when the Lord Cllv .- and Gough were In port. Captain Urquhart retired to years ago. He was 60 years old. KAISER DARES FOE'S BULLETS German Emperor In Danger Zone rtt Pontolse Eight. LONDON, Sept. 15. Reports received here say that Emperor William is causing his staff great anxiety by Betting Into tho danger zone. The Telegraph's correspondent reports from Pontolse that during the fighting about Nanacy his staff had to force him to withdraw to a safer place. CZAR'S AMBITION TO COMMAND TROOPS THAT TAKE BERLIN Embittered at Kaiser, Plans to Occupy German Capital at Any Cost Abandons Hungarian Campaign. ADSTRIANS LOSE 10,000 IN ATTEMPT TO INVADE SERVIA Army of 90,000 Repelled Crossing Drina at Several Points Serbs Cut Line Between Hungary and Rumania. PETROGRAD, Sept. 15. That the proposed invasion of Hun gary by a strong Russian body has been definitely abandoned was intlmatod hero today. It is realized by the Russian iMieral Stuff that the German islstance will bo very strong, and It hna been defi nitely decided that the entire Russian field army, first and second line troops, will be retained for tho capture of Berlin. The Czar Is di t n'nined that Berlin shall be taken If it costs the Russian Eniplio its entire fighting strength. His former friendship lor tlif Kuiser has been replaced by an enmity which court officials say is the most bitter ho has Indicated against any one. He is deter mined that his forces will take Berlin and that ho will ride into the city at the head of his troops. Because of this it is officially stated that there will be no side movements The crown land of Buckovlna wa3 taken and the passes through the Carpathians have been held purely ns defensive measures. The Russians Intend to utilize part of Austria for the passage of their troops toward Berlin, but It Is unlikely that" any real attempt will be mado to Invade Hungary proper. The Servian troops may do so ana will be aided by the Russians In every way, but the main Russian columns, after tho Austrtr". army Is completely disposed of, will bt sent directly ncioss Germany If possible. There Is u growing feeling here that Austria will oon admit Inability to con tinue the war. Tho fact that her main army lias been cruthed and Its capture is considered a Btrong possibility means sue will soon be no longer active, Discussing the general situation today, Minister of War Sukhomllnoff declared: The Russian army is going to cap ture Berlin. That is the task as signed to It by the allies in the pres ent war. The entire strength of the Russians will be used to this purpose We have been compelled to remove the Austrians as a source of danger, but we have not planned any general lnvflhion of Hungary or any attempt to take either Budapest or Vienna. The Austrian army Is crushed. Its losses in killed, wounded and prisoners exceed 230,o&. They have lost a great part of their artillery. The position of the remnants of their army is precarious, and its surrender would be no surprise. On the other hand, the spirit of the Russian troops was never better, and they are ready to press torward without further delay. Rus sia Is administering tho captured terri tory, but It will not forcibly annex any of Austria's territory. Questions of that sort must bo left until after the war is over. Russia will be Inclined to be more lenient with Austria than with Germany, Petrograd officials declare. PROMINENT PIREMAN DIES Frank P. Stott, Assistant Chief at Coatsvllle, Typhoid Victim. COATESVILLE, Pa., Sept. 15. Frank P. Stott, assistant chief of the Washing ton Hose Company, and a very prominent fireman, died from typhoid fever this morning He was a son of the late John A. Stott, who at his death was prominently con nected with the building of the new Cap itol at Harrisburg, This is the second victim of typnow in two weens. NISH. Sept. 15. An attempt of an Austrian army of 00.000 men to invade Serlu, near the Junction of fhc Drina and Save Rivers, has resulted In disaster for the Austrians, who lost 10,000 men. Tho Servian victory, the latest of a long seiiea of triumphs, was fought on Septembor 8 and 9, and the result was ofl'clally announced by tho Government today. Tho announcement follows: With the Intention of holding back our otfenslve movement on thu Ulvor Drina the enemy massed during the flrnt days of September nn army of 10,000 men along a front extending from Raca to Junta. The army at tempted to crosH tho Drina near ltaca Tho main battle was fought in the nnslo formed by the confluence of tho Drina and Save rivers. The enemy ob tained some advantage at tho begin ning of the action, but after a violent bombardmont by our artillery and re peated nssaults by our Infantry, the Austrians recrossed tho Save undei cover of darkness on tho night of September S. All attempts of the Austrians to cross tho Drina nt other polntB failed, tho enemy being repelled In disorder. The AustrianB lost 10,000 men. This battlo was ono of the most ilercely contested of the war nnd the defeat of the Austrians 1h one of the greatest consequence to them. It was the object of tho Austrians to throw troops Into Servla at several differ, ent points for an offensive campaign which would draw the Servian forces south from Austrian territory. The victory is attributed chiefly to the bayonet charges of tho Servians, but the accuracy of their artillery lire was an other factor. The Austrians are alclged to have turned their machine guns against their own men to prevent their retreat. Servians havo bomb.yrded a"d destioyed the Hungarian station of Orsova on the Danube, a short distance above where the i Her quits Hungarian territory, thus cutting communication between Hungary and Rumania. Orsova was the route by which Ger man officers and sailors reached Constan tinople. It lies at the extreme northeast ern part of the Servian border. $1000 TOWARD RELIEF FUND FOR PALESTINE Contributions nt Meeting Addressed by Brandels and Doctor Levin. An appeal for aid for about 1000 Jews scattered throughout the Zionist colonies In Palestine and who are now suffering privation as a result of the European war was made by Louis D. Brandels. lawyer and publicist of Boston, and Dr Shlmrlyuha Levin, a former member of the Duma and would-renowned Jewish Nationalist leader, at a meeting last night in Musical Fund Hall. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Zionist Federation. It was explained that because of the war In Europe the material support that jews in l'UltMoe ionic, vw iiiu icc-eiveu from their brethren In all parts of Europe has been cut off by the war. It is the purpose of the Zionist Federation to col lect of fund of 1100.000 In this country for the relief of the destitute in Pales tine. Contributions of $1000 were received at last ntght's meeting. In addition to the two speakers brought here. Dr. Solo mon Soils-Cohen, of this city, made an address. STORIES OF ADVENTURE FROM TPIE SCENE OF WAR The proposal by the British to woar white In memory of the gallant dead means tho revival of an old custom. Until five centuries ago white was tho accepted mourning color In Europe, nnd Anne, Queen of Charles II of France, who In 1493 dressed In black on her husband's death, .teems to have been tho originator of whnt is now the genernl custom. An Incident of the Gorman rout comes, from a tourist agency where great do light Is e.spicrised ut n recaptured "rub berneck" wagon which was accustomed throughout the rummer to carry Ameri can visitors around the city to the Bols, suburbs nnd race courses. Requisitioned for the transport of troops, its driver a familiar figure in the I'lnce do l'Opprn, who was nicknamed Cunt Kilos because ho Is barely (lvo feet tall managed to avoid capturo when the machine was peieiid by tho Gcimans near Complegne. Since then hn lins accompa nied tho French forces disconsolate, but was overjoyed on Friday to discover that his beloved wagon hud been abandoned near Mcnux. It Is still Intact, though bat tered and riddled by bullets. "Ono of tho most venerable Ikons in Rtissln, representing a vision of tho Virgin to tho Russian Saint Sergius Radonejsky at tho time of tho overthrow ing of the Tartar Yoke, has arrived from Moscow nt the headquarters of tho Grand Duko Nlcholaevltch at tho front. It was received by the Grand Duke and his staff and a procession of clergy. l ins iKon has accompanied the Rus idnn armies since tho time of Alexis, father of l'eter the Great." Toirilorlnls are largely temperance men; tho old service recruit got blind drunk as a way of celebrating his enlist ment. Your "ten lor" drinks ginger beer or lemonade anil has a sneukin pen chnnt for chocolate. What thoy ate In 1S70 during tho slego of Paris Is of interest at tho present June tuio. Elephant soup took tho place of Untie, kangaioos and beais were In tho entreii division, while stuffed donkey's head uns considered a delicacy. Later roist wolf and roost cat garnished with rats wero not despised. Altogether a cull naiy leglmo moie curious than appetiz ing. Indignant advertisements "Wanted petticoats for all able-bodied men" i3 a fair example aro appearing In the agony columns of tho Rngltsh papers But the fact Is that recruiting is processing wonderfully. The news of tho Mist big battle greatly stimulated It, men Hocked to Scotland ard to enlist. Tho record ' it-i-ruumu uay, so inr, was Tuesday, Sep tembor 1, whan 5000 enlisted. The otllcers are much pleased with tho kind of ma terial that Is coming in. Lord Portsmouth recently visited the French Umprcss Rugenlo at her homo n Hampshire. Ho found the Illustrious lady full of courage and devotion to the J-rench cause. In explaining her failure to treat her guest as she would havo de sired, the Empress said: "I cannot give you dinner because most of the men of my kitchen havo gono to war." A correspondent in Trance describes nn Incident at Ilnvre when the U. S. 8. Tonnesseo lay In tho harbor and a Brit'., Ish transport with her decks thronged, with soldiers passed her. Tho American, battleship dipped the Stars and Strlpei and suddenly the British Tommies broke, Into "Ruin Britannia." Then says thu correspondent the most amazing thing happened. 1 hoard It, thrilled. The gat; lant American sailors took up the roll-i ing chorus, "Rule Britannia! Britannia rules tho waves, Britons never, never, never shall bo slaves." , It was the most peifect net of brother, lincss which I have ever witnessed. A report fiom Pails .iiys that some of the Kicnch soldiers havo discovered that tho Germans ure very unwilling to face the blnck troops from Senegal Taking advantage of this fact they have care fully blacked their faces with burnt cork before charging tho onemy Thi- added to tho horrible yells to which they glvs vent, seems to have had conaliIerabl ef fect. On ono occasion a body of Ger mans simply turned tall and fled like rnbhlts when they saw theso Christy minstrel Sencgaleso charging them, This Is a story of a soldier who took part in defenso of Maubouge: "Tho Germans commenced the attack on August 23. On September 1 a shell fell on tho fort and exploded In tho com mander's room. Ho then led us Into th entrance of the tower, which was brought down two hours later. Wo could hardly breathe in this stuffy little corridor and thought that our last minute had ai rbed. "All of us, even tho most optimistic prayed on bended knoo. When thing! became a little calmer tho commandar told us to save ourselves the best way wo could. Ho advised us to change our military uniforms for civilian clothes If possible. This most of us did at neigh boring farms. For several days we hid In the woods nil of the time, knowlnj that wo were being tracked like stags. Four or five nights passed without s!ep and we only nto wild noars. Later, how over, I managed to cscapo to Roubalx, tired out, famished." BERLIN" (By way of Amsterdam), Sept. 15. German ndvlces contradict the news of General Rennenkampf's successful ad vance. It Is announced thnt In Knst Pnipsla th German advance continues nnd that th Russians have now been driven back at points acrofis their main frontier Tby German fniees have taken many prisoner! nnd numerous cannon. The additional lists of casualties as pub lished contain no new names of high of llcers killed. A wounded prlvnto told of the breaklnf up of an English tea party In relating tbs Hturv of a surprise attack by the Ger mans. British soldiers were boiling natif for the tea when tho Germans droppl a shell In their midst and drove thm to cover. A wounded Scots Grey In London eaWl "Tho mistake tho Germans make l In assuming you can go on forever without noticing your butcher's. Some .if thesi days the German machine will orea" down because the nun directing '4 ttt&i no allowance for the limitations of fie!) and blood." Sleeping Man Rolls Into River A habit of rolling In his sleep almost proved fatal to William Phillip, of Ninth and Quarry streets, who was awakened from a nap today on the end of Callow hill street wharf by falling in the Dela ware. His shouts for help were heard by John Lafferty, a watchman who cuvea alter Phillip as he was sinking .-. .... ikuiw uu ana orought him tb $100,000 STEAMSHIP, GRIPPED BY SHOALS MAY REAM SAFETY Prospects Brighten of Res cuing the Atlantic City From Threatened Destruction. ' ATLANTIC CITY, Sept. l5.-Propects for saving the JiOO.OO-j steamship Atlantic City from the treacherous, grip of uo Inlet shoals which wrecked two i8ter vessels of the Atlantic city Navigation Company and sent the line Into bank ruptcy were brightened today, when It was found that du.ln,- the night the li,,vr. under its own power, had materially im. proved Its position Only a short spa. of sandy ledge now separates the Atian tlo City from deep water and line offl. clals aio confident the craft will float on the next high water, probably about S o'clock, this afternoon. L'dwurd L. Foster, treasurer of the Union Tuist Company, Washington. Pa-i one of the pnssingeis taken from th' Atlantic City?-esleidu, made positive de nial of sensational ieports that passen gers weie lnshed to tho rails and to ths mast when the Atlantic City first struck In violent northeaster on Sunday or that captain Townsend, th wteran skipper, refiucd at au time tu st th passengers ashore aftei the etui-ini "Ik simpU convinced Uo that U ttu"11 be a ruiilish thing to attempt to go asl""'1' In thu midst of the gale u Sm.du heo the fellip wus perfectly ate, thi 1'e"11 eylvunlnn wW- Captain Townsend lemamtd i" ll" Bridge contlnuogsly until iioji. t.ier day when weakened b huii0 "J ' huustlon. MRS, RACHEL W. ROGERS Mrs. RuelKt V. toK1 r widow ' lVl1 Main H. Rotfer, who wu a n - i"f,i' Ami of (he Philadelphia -Savi h t" Society and elaughtvr uf Uu UL v u i81 U'inne Wisti-r. uhu wa- w -i- p' the Nutlunul Bank oi Urriuantu -l -8tenlu at Uie ii .in. vt i.-j c Mrs r.dxar Wright Baird, v. n.'" avenue, Cntetuut Hill. '. -&.