Lancaster intelligencer. (Lancaster [Pa.]) 1847-1922, July 19, 1871, Image 1

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Voetrp.
(From Frazer'e Magazine.]
THOMAS HOOD—
IWO I'NPOBLISFIED 00NO3 nY II I M
There In dew for the flow'reti
And honey for the bee;
And bowere for the wild ,'rd,
And love for you and me!
There are tears for the many,
And plenmure for the few;
But let the world p.m on, clear,
There'x love for Ins and you!
There Is Care that will not leave iry
And Pala that will not flee;
flat on our heart unaltered
kilts Love 'Motu you and me!
Our love, It ne'er was reckoned
Yet goo d It la and true;
ICH half the world to nu•, dear,
ICH all the world to you!
THOSE EYES THAT WERE SO ISRICHIT
LOVE."
These eyes that were no bright, love,
(lave now is dl muter .blot';
But what they've lost In light, love
Wax what they gave to mine.
And still those orbs reflect, love,
The beams of former hours;
That ripened till Inv Joys, my love,
And tinted sill my dowers.
These locks were brown to Mee, 10,,
That 110 W are turned to gray;
But the years were spent with Me, 10Ve,
'Platt • tolo their hue away.
Thp locks no longer share,
l n /r• golden glow of noon ;
But,l've seen the ward look fair, So love
When sllverol by the moon.
That brow was fair 10 HIP, love,
'l • haL loehx nu shaded now;
for roe It bore the e.tre, hive,
That tiprolt a bonny brow.
And though no longer then•, love,
The ttheet It had oi yore,
81111 11111 i nntex, Illy 11,
livre hope admired before,
itlisccliancous.
The Malls and the Telegraph Haring
the !siege of Paris.
M. Charles Boissay has rendered a
real service to civilization, and made an
agreeable diversion in the black monot
()nous current of " war literature," by
preparing a careful, lively and interest
ing account of the devices and inven
tions employed by the scientific defend
ers of Paris during the great German
siege to keep the communications of the
beleaguered city with the rest of the
world.
No one feature of a siege makes so
slight ail iinpression on all the rest of
the world, and no one feature of a siege
so profoundly affects the people besieg
ed, as the sudden isolation of a great
community front all its habitual rela
tions with other communities. Ti, com
pare great things with small, it is as we
may suppose it to have been with Sel
kirk on his island. Doubtless it was a
grief in its way to the friends of Selkirk
to lose sight of him. To his creditors it
was probably an inconvenience, which
with :natty people is worse than a grief.
To Selkirk himself it was the crowning,
constant, remediless misery of his situ
lion.
When the Parisians began to be
pressed for food they felt this isolation,
of course, in a hard material kind 01
way. But it affected them morally
much more from the very outset; and
the investment had hardly become
complete before the wits of the whole
m'cientilic population were set at work
to find out means for piercing, over
shooting, or under-running the implac
able wall of bayonets and spike-hel
mets drawn about the fair Lute tia by
the methodical Von Moltke. It is com
mon, particularly on the other side of
the Atlantic, to translate the scornful
lines of Juvenal,
"Gro,ffius osuric•n4
In en taw, na jIISNIN
by the left-handed compliment paid our
OWII people In the saying that if a half
penny lie on one side of the infernal pit
and a Yankee stand on the other, the
Yankee will unhesitatingly contrive to
get the half-penny. hut the difference
is that whereas the needy tireek of an
tiquity " went for" money and for
nothing else, the modern Yankee goes
not only for money but for the pleasure
of conquering a diniculty and exercis
ing his native ingenuity. Had the sci
entitle, resources of - Paris been wielded
by Yankees, we are very sure that the
results which M. Buissay has to record
would have been far worthier than they
actually were of the impulse given and
the machinery at command.
Three elements offered the beleaguer
ed Parisians avenues of access to the
outer world—the air, the earth, and the
water. Much has been already pub
lished of the efforts made to utilize the
air by means of balloons, and we shall
confine ourselves to noting what has
been less noted or noted at all in the un
dertakings of the besieged by land and
water.
Yet one striking fact M. Boissay men•
lions in connection with the balloon
service which we have nowhere else
seen published, and which possibly may
contain a germ of practical value In the
application of aerostatics to navigation
It was easy enough to send balloons
out of Paris. Itut could balloons begot
back to Paris'?
Admiral Labrousse and M. Dunn} , de
Lome, the great naval constructor,
thought they might be. Aud in this
wise :
In all the cities surrounding Paris in
a circle of l'rom one hu tidied to one hun
dred and fifty kilometres, which were
lighted by gas, so as to make it possible
to use the mirrors by night as well as by
day, mirrors were fixed horizontally ill
the open air so as to reflect the clouds
which passed above in the zenith. Oil
these mirrors lines were traced with a
diamond exactly bearing hi the direc
tion of Paris. The mirrors were set up
near a telegraph office in constant conn
nection with the provisional govern
ment at Tours. Whenever the clouds
should be seen In the mirrors to he mov
ing parallel with the lines traced upon
them towards Paris, balloons kept in
readiness were to be prepared for de
parture, despatches at the same moment
being telegraphed from Tours. When
the angle made by the wind with the
Paris-bearing lines should be Inconsid
erable, the balloon could be easily trans
ported to a point from which the wind
would drive It straight to the capital.
Work . was beginning on these bal
loons at Tours and elsewhere when the
sudden and fan-like development in all
directions of the German invasion put
an end to the project,the intended points
of departur: being all occupied one after
another 6y the hostile forces. In this,
as in so many other cases, the French
got to the ferry just as the boat had put
ME What they themselves call the "wit
of .the staircase" was never so signally
illustrated as by theirown performances
Miring the whole of this astounding con
flict. They were perpetually thittking
iu the doorway of the repartee which
would have humiliated their enemy had
they only thought of it in the drawing
room.
COW MUleatiOn to and from the Cap
ital by land and in the ordinary ways
came practically to an end on the :30th
of October, 187 U, at which time the ex
lent of the territory wound Paris occu
pied by the Germans made it hopeless.
During the preceeding month eighty
five pedestrian postmen, variously dis
guised, had tried their hands, or rather
their feet, under the direction of the
general post-otilce, at going and coining
with despatches. Of this number
onlyelght, or less than one in ten,
succeeded in reaching their points
of destination. Only three succeeded
lu reaching their points of destination,
and returning with despatches. Four
teen were captured, of whom two suc
ceeded after all in getting their des
patches through. Two were reported
missing, one 0f scllolsl, named Brare,
was shot by the Germans. All the rest
were forced to turn buck to Paris before
reaching their points of destination.
This will sound strangely to those
who know how constant a correspon•
deuce, both public and private, was
kept up between Richmond and the
North during our civil war, But It
must be remembered that the besiegers
and the besieged of Paris spoke differ
ent languages, and that tile country
which tile Germans occupied, being
highly cultivated, populous, and full of
towns, offered then' an easier task in
the way of surveillance and control than
the vast, sparsely settled regions of
Northern Virginia presented to our
own officers.
When the surface of the earth became
impassable Paris tried her burrows. On
the 10th of January, 1871, the Director-
General of the Postotlice signed an agree
ment with live persons, who undertook
to quit Paris and return to It through
the subterranean quarries on the left
bank of the Seine. These persons were
forced to abandon their attempt, as were
also several independent adventurers.
One of the latter miserably perished by
suffocation in a huge mass of mud which
hachsettled In the Catacombs.
That something of the failure of the
°Metal attempts to keep open land coat!.
34ixirti:Otiet
VOLUME 72
munication ought to be attributed to the
stupefaction engendered by officialism
may perhaps be inferred from the fact
that a larger proportion of private than
of public messengers succeeded in get
ting back and forth. One such messen
ger, named Bantle, made two success
ful journeys out and home, taking and
bringing many thousands of letters.
The artifices used by these messengers
were as manifold, as dark, and as pecu
liar as the tricks of the "heathen Chi
nee."
Despatches were carried in canes, in
knife-handles, in the shanks of keys, in
penny pieces hollowed out, in watch
chain charms, in coat buttons, in sleeve
buttons, In boot soles, in neckties,
In little silver sheaths which the
bearer in some cases swallowed, and
in other eases Inserted In incisions nude
in his own skin. One, supremely in
genious, curried his despatches in three
hollow teeth which he had filled with
them ! Of course such refinements as
this could only be attained in an age of
photography. The extent to whlell the
art of photography was pressed into the
service Is one of the most striking fea
tures of his scientific fight of l'uris fur
light tol air.
M. Bolssay himself, M. Lacoin, and
M. Cadlon I were the authors of the plan
by which photographic correspondence
was made accessible to the public. They
were ably seconded at Tours by M.
Steenackers, M. littressaud, M. d'Al mei
da, and others. M. Steenackers con
ceived the happy notion of causing all
letters and despatches to be printed be
fore they were photographed, thus se
curing clearness and economizing space
to such an extent that it became possi
ble to send 240 despatches of Li words
each on a piece of paper 3 centimetres
wide and 4 long. 'l'hese despatches
were sent at the rate of half a franc or
about 10 cents a word. The govern
nimit also sent post-office orders in this
way up to IMO francs for a charge of three
franc, per order over and above the usual
charge of I per cent.
These despatches were eventually
printed, at lite suggestion of M. d'Al
ineida, upon thin plates of collodion
much lighter than paper. In this way
it became possilile to send a much great
er number by the pigeon expresses- -ol
which we shall presently say a word.
The art of inieroscopic reduction was
also called in and worked wonders. By
printing the despatches in three col.
Inn Ile HO fewer than forty-eight printed
pages, containing Limo telegrams of
fifteen words each, were eventually got
upon a single sheet of collodion twenty
I-en timetres square! At Paris these
despatches were read with a photoelec
tric microscope, and so transcribed
file enlarged image of the photograph
was at first projected in a dark chamber
by a ray of electric light upon a wl ire
hoard, from which it was read oft' and
copied. Afterwards with the help of
the electric light, enlarged photographs
of the microscopic {photographs were
made on glass at first, but finally on
paper. These were easily read, copied,
anti sent to their destinations. La this
way the pigeon 3 brought to Paris de
spatches sent all the way from Constan
tinople. The total of their despatches,
exclusive of official despatches, was
more than one hundred thousand. M.
lioissay puts it down at 1n0,053. One
single pigeon was known to bring .500
pages of official despatches and 15,100
private despatches! How did Paris get
thesepigeons, which did her more real
service thathall her eagles of the empire?
From no other source than the innate
love of !nail for betting! The keeping
of carrier-pigeons long ago fell out of
practical use in Europe; but it appears
that it has lingered, particularly among
the well-to-do classes in Flanders and
Nortnern France, as a pastime. There
exist at Roubaix, at Ton reel ng, at La
val, at Lille certain pigeon fancying
clubs lino vii as ,Sbciefrs• Wombophite,
Two or three such clubs existed also at
Paris, though but for the war the fact
would probably never have been known
outside of the world of pigeons. The
Derma n two-headed eagle "fluttered
these dove-cotes," and in at winkling
made them famous.
Carrier-pigeons, like a navy, are not
to be created suddenly. They have to
be trained in a very particular manlier,
and accustomed by degrees to fly back
to their home, first from a distance of
ten or twenty miles, then front a greater
distance, and so on, till at last they will
and their way safely over a space of ltin
or 200 miles. A few days before the
siege of Paris the Prefect of the Depart
ment of the North and the President of
the Chamber of Commerce of Lille had
the foresight to send to Paris, where
they were put in the Jardine dc Pluntm
11)00 pigeons from Roubaix and Tonn,
ing, with 100 from Laval. These were
all racing pigeons, accustomed to tly
back from Paris to the Provinces on
wagers. More than .till of them carried
valuable despatches safely to the north
and east.
At Paris the pigeon fanciers were less
numerous, but not less patriotic. Some
twenty dove-cotes of the Societe Culotn
hophile Parisienne supplied AU pigeons
to the service of the Stute,and the Pres
ident of the society, himself of Flemish
blood, M. Van itoosbeek, (11(1 not hesi
tate to go out of Paris With some of his
pigeons in u balloon on the 10th of Octo
her to superintend the pigeon-posts in
the provinces. Of the 309 pigeons 01
Paris, sixty.five alone returned bring
ing their collodion leaves with them.—
Eight inure got back, but without their
despatches. The Germans sent back
three more which they had captured.
bearing fabricated despatches hi place
of the French originals.
The pigeons bothered the tlermans so
much that they imported trained fal
cons from Saxony to catch theta. It is
curious to see the sports of the middle
ages and the science of modern times
thus mingled and confounded together
in the terrible melee of a war waged
with all the appliances of modern intel
ligence and with all the unscrupulous
ness of medlieval ferocity.
The pigeons carried their despatches
in goosequills fastened under their tails.
When each pigeon reached its dove-cote
in Paris its owner, always on the look
out with a post-office carrier, took the
bird to the General Post-011iee ; thence
they went all together to the Governor
of Paris, thence the private despatches
were sent to the telegraph orrice, where
the replies to letters were sorted out and
sent buck to the General Post-Office,
which then distributed them to the
public. As M. Boissay observes, " thi's
was the perfection of red tape."
water played a less successful part in the
schemes of Paris fur correspondence
than was to have been ex peeted.—
Messrs. Venoven, Delort, and _Robert,
indeed, on the 11th of December,
made a contract with the government
for sending down the current of the
Seine hollow spheres of zinc metal con
taining messages. These were to be
rigged to avail themselves of the cur
rent, anti to be caught at Paris in nets.
But the German spies were on the alert,
and the Germans put out their own
nets higher up the river and caught the
hollow spheres. A certain M. Bitylard
undertook to remedy this by using small
tubes of glass slender enough to pass
through the
the
of the German
nets. But the frost-king came and
put an end to the project. A later
device of M. Lacoin would probably
have been the first to be thought of by
an American. It was to use small elastic
balls of iudia-rubber. This plan was
never even tried. Still more ingenious
was the Idea of one M. Duchernin, who
suggested the hollowing out °fold corks.
His notion was that a people so fond of
beer and wine as the (termites would
never think of suspecting a cork. Un
luckily some eager reporter of the press
got hold of the notion and made himself
very amusing with lt, at the expense of
the public service to which It really
might have proved very useful.
Towards the end of the siege a sub•
marine boat made Its appearance. It
was too late to be tested as It should lie.
But with many another outcome of this
tremendous excitement In men's minds,
the future may perhaps put It to profit.
The " struggle for life," after all, seems
to be the natural condition of develop
ment.
Another Feint'le Po!owner
At Baltimore, on Monday night, Mrs. E.
G. Wharton, widow of Major Harry Whar
ton, United States Army, was arrested, on
the charge of poisoning Gen. Wm. Scott
Ketchum, a retired officer of the U. S.
Army; also Eugetie - Van Ness, bookkeep
er for Alexander Brown & Sons, bankers.
General Ketchum arrived at Mrs. W har
ton's on June 23d, was taken suddenly 111
next day, and died on June 28th. Profes
sor Aiken examined his stomach and dis
covered there 20 grains of tartar emetic.
Mr. Van Ness was taken ill during Ketch
um's sickness, and la now in a critical con
dition.
New Foundland
Interior Explorationti--•A Daring and
Perilous Journey
[Correspondence of the N. Y. Everarg Poe.]
ET. JOHNS, - NEWFOUNDLAND, 1
June 24, 1871.
It Is curious to find that the interior
of Newfoundland, the largest island of
America, is at this day almost unex
plored. Travellers have been searching
out the mysterious sources of the Nile,
and endeavoring to pierce the ice-har
rier that guards the open Polar Sea, add
solving the problem of centuries—the
Northwest Passage; and yet here is an
island considerably larger than Ireland,
nearly four times the size of Belgium,the
most ancient of Britain's forty colonies,
lying within easy distance of America
and England, and far less Is known of
its uninhabited interior than that of
Africa—lts internal lakes, plains, moun
tain ranges are unmapped, Its river
courses undetermined. About 146,000
people are sprinkled around its thous
and miles of coast, living chiefly by
the harvest of the sea; while the inte
rior is left to the deer, wolves and beav
ers. Scenery the grandest and loveli
est may be found within its bounda
ries. (lame, too, for the sportsman, In
profusion, together with the charm of
gazing at scenes on which humanes
ly
may never have rested before, an of
making possible discoveries in natural
history, in geology, in botany, the
importance of which may be very great;
and yet no adventurous Baker conies to
pierce these solitudes and tell us what
they contain ; no Agassiz, to sketch its
natural production ; no Livingstone, to
open up a new portion of the earth's
surface. Beyond all doubt, discoveries
of great intestest await the first cour
ageous explorer.
One and only one, white man has
ever ventured into the primeval forests
and broad savannas of the interior. Al
most tiny years ago, in the Autumn of
18_3, a courageous traveller named Cor
muck, attended by a single Micmac In
dian, accomplished a journey from the
Eastern to the Western shores, through
the very centre of the island. (...lormack
was a licotchman of good family, intel
ligent and well educated, engaged in
the business of Newfoundland. He was
in every way well-fitted for such a per
ilous enterprise, being possessed of great
physical powers, indomitable resolu
tion, and that love of adventure for its
own sake, which is essential to consti
tute the genuine traveller.
Fortunately, too, though not a scien
filic man, he had a fair acquaintance
with at least the elements of geology,
botany and natural history. He pos
sensed, too excellent powers of observa
tion, and a conscientious regard for ac
curacy. This was the mail who deter
mined to penetrate the internal wilder
ness, braving all the dangers and
hardships of the journey that he might
determine for others what those un
trodden wilds contained. It might be
supposed that the government of the
day would have entered heartily into
such an enterprise, and aided the spirit
ed explorer. But for some reason or
other they set, their faces determinedly
against the undertaking, anti refused
the slightest assistance. Nothing daunt
ed, the daring ninth determined to cope
with the difficulties single-handed. In
addition to the gratification of a legiti
mate curiosity, he had the further hope
of discovering the retreat of the red In
dians, the aborigines of the country,
and opening up friendly communica
tions with them. The record of his
extraordinary journey was first publish
ed in the proceedings of one of the
Scottish philosophical societies, and
afterwards reprinted in pamphlet form.
It is now rather scarce. A copy is pre
served here in one of our public libra
ries, and front it I have constructed the
following brief abstract, which I think
possesses a permanent interest.
Cormack commences his narrative
by referring briefly to the opposition of
the Governor, which deprived him of
the services of a European, a volunteer
on whom he had reckoned. but this only
made him the more determined to carry
out his plan. Being a bachelor, he con
gratulated himself that no one could be
injured by his death, and this, he says,
"was a cheering triumph at such a mo
ment." He had fortunately secured the
, ervices of a Micmac Indian, a noted
hunter, and with this solitary assistant
he commenced his journey. His plan
was to penetrate as n ear as possible to the
centre of the island by water, and then
t once strike into the trackless ,forests.
Accordingly ire proceeded by boat to the
head of Trinity Bay, and ascended Ban
don' Sound. Having landed his travel
ling equipments, lie dismissed the bout,
with the party Which had brought him,
and prepared to bid farewell to the sights
and sounds of civilized life. :co human
habitation was to be seen ; and as the
bunt slowly disappeared into the gloomy
gut, and the reports of the farewell guns
died away in faint echoes, all the diffi
culties arid perils of the hazardous un
dertaking passed before his imagina
tion and almost staggered his resolution.
Here were two human beings, one of
them, "a poor Indian, with untutored
mind," armed with a couple of fowling
pieces and a small supply of powder
and shot, carrying, only a few pounds
of pork and biscuit, two blankets, a tin
kettle, and a pocket-compass as their
guide, and they were about to plunge
into an unknown wilderness, on a jour
ney of three months, where they must
depend entirely on their guns for food.
What rivers, mountains or forests they
had to cross, they knew not. What
wolves and beasts of prey, or ted Indi
ans, more savage still, they might en
counter, they could not conjecture.
They might perish miserably of hunger
or be devoured by wolves, or set upon,
in the darkness of night, by the treach
erous red man. It needed stout hearts
to confront such perils—but the die
was cast. There was no time for in
dulging sentimental emotions. They
turned their faces resolutely westward
and struck Into the dense forest. Cur
mack had prudently waited till the be
ginning of Semen) ber fur the commence
ment of his journey, as then the wild
berries were ripening,. and the plague of
dies and mosquitoes was not so intoler
able as earlier in Summer.
The first forty miles of their journey
was through a dense, unbroken pine
Mrest, with here and there a bold, gran
itic pup projecting shove the dark green
surface. Owing to the thick underwood,
the fallen trees, the brooks that lay in
their way, the sullhcating heat of the
woods, and the torment caused by mos
quitoes, notwithstanding their utmost
ellbrts. their rate of advance was only
from live to eight miles a day ; and the
fatigue of boring their way amid such
difficulties was very trying. Occasion
ally they ascended one of the insulated
granite paps in order to have a view of
the country or to discover .a more
open track; and Cormack declares
that the prospect of " the ocean
of undulating forest around, of the
highlands on the seacoast and the
Atlantic Ocean to the northward" was
most' enchanting. The very thought
that it was all his own—that the eye of
civilized man never rested on it before—
no doubted added much to the charm.
The death-like silence of the forest
through which they were forcing their
way was almost, oppressive, only the
light tapping of the wood-pecker, the oc
casional croak of the raven, or the chat
tering and fluttering of the jay and tit
mouse being heard. At night the wild
and varied notes of the loon on the lakes
were audible, sometimes like the bleat
ing of sheep, and again resembling
the lowing Of cattle. All night long
these nocturnal clamorers were heard
front every lake as they swain about In
search of food. No game of any kind
showed Itself In the forest, not even a
handful of wild berries could be found;
so that but for the small stock of pro
visions carried by the travellers they
must have perished at the very outset of
their Journey. The dense forest was
composed almost entirely of trees of the
pine tribe, firs, black and white spruce,
lpredominating, with a few birches and
urches, but neither beech, maple, oak
nor ash. Countless lakes and marshes
lay hidden In these " forests prime
val "—the former shining brilliantly
with the white and yellow water-illy,
the marshes, when dry and elevated,
glittering with the brilliant Kalmla
Augustifolla, and the Push's delicate
lilac blossoms. The wet marshes, on
the other hand, produced lark's spur,
Indian cap, cranberry, marshberry, bog
apple, ladles' slipper, white violet, gold
thread, and here and there magnificent
wild grasses five or six feet, In height.
On the skirts of the marshes were seen
the wild gooseberries and currants, yel
low-flowering honeysuckle;. Indian or
Labrador tea, Indian peat• poplars,
birches, and a vast variety of trees and
shrubs.
At night, the lonely travellera camped'
LANCASTER, ,PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING JULY 19, 1871.
in Indian fashion, kindled their fire,
cooked supper and slept in their blank
ets. After toiling for six days through
this immense black belt of forest, the
distance traversed being forty miles, the
aspect of the country began to change ;
the trees became larger and stood apart ;
spacious tracts of rocky ground, entirely
clear of wood, were tossed ; and at
length, to their great joy, they found
themselves on the summit of a great
granitic ridge. Looking back towards
the seacoast, they discovered that un
der the cover of the forest, they had
been uniformly ascending ever since
they left the coast at Random Sound,
and that now they had reached
the summit of the great mountain ridge
that served as a barrier between the sea
and the Interior. The scene, as they
gazed towards the sea, was magnificent
—the dense black forest spotted with
bright yellow marshes and a few glossy
lakes in its bosom, stretched away from
the mountain ridge to the shores of the
Atlantic. All around them partridge
berries, whortleberries and beautiful
lichens or reindeer moss loaded the
ground. Ptarmigan, or grouse, the in
digenous game-bird of the country, rose
in coveys in every direction ; wild geese
and ducks were dying over head in
flocks ; and the tracks of deer, of im
mense wolves, of bears, foxes and mar
tens were seen everywhere.
Away to the westward the mysterious,
untrodden interior now broke upon
them, to their inexpressible delight, iu
all its primeval grandeur. The eye
glanced over a vast basin consisting of
a succession of northerly and southerly
ranges of green plains, marbled with
woods and lakes of every form and size,
till the view was lost iu the undulating
horizon of vapor iu the fur west. What
a contrast to the waste, howling wilder
ness which the imagination had hith
erto pictured as the interior of the
island! "A new world," says Cor
muck, " seemed to invite us onward, or
rather we claimed the dominion, and
were impatient to proceed to take pos
session. Fancy carried us swiftly across
the island. Obstacles of every kind were
dispelled or despised. Primitiveness,
Omnipotence, tranquility werestamped
upon every th i ngso iorcibly that the mind
was hurled Lack thousands of years.
Land-berries were ripening; game-birds
were fledging, and beasts were emerging
to prey upon each other. Everthing,
animate and inanimate, seemed to be
our own. We consumed unsparingly
our remaining provisions, confident in
our power of procuring supplies. There
was no will but ours. Thoughts of the
aborigines did not alter our determina
tion to meet them,as well as every living
thing that might present itself in a
country yet untrodden and before un
seen by civilized man. I now adopted,
as well fur self preservation as for the
sake of accomplishing the object of my
excursion, the self-dependent mode of
life of the Indian, both in spirit and ac
tion
There can be little doubt that these
savannas are capable of drainage and
culture, of being reclaimed so as to yield
abundant green crops. In tact, Con ,
mack's account of the interior of the is
land shows that it is at present very
much what Britain was in the days of
the Romans—full of swamps, marshes,
forests, bogs and lakes. In the savanna
plains the peat is of great depth, the sur
face moist or wet even in the midst of
Summer, but hard underneath; the
principal rocks arc granite, mica, chlo
rite and clay-slate. They exhibit evi
dent proofs of having been once wooded,
roots of large trees, with portions of the
trunk attached, being seen open occupy
ing the original savanna soil on which
they grew. Doubtless the primeval for
ests have been destroyed by fires, anti at
least a century is required to reproduce
them on the same scale. The proportion
of water to land in the savanna country
is very great, being at times half and
seldom less than one-third. The mar
bled, glossy surface, as seen from a ris
ing ground, is singularly novel and pic
turesque. Experiment alone could de
termine whether tillage would reclaim
these savannas. But, however this
may be, there can be no doubt about the
possibility of utilizing these magnificent
herds of reindeer, were communication
opened between the coast and the plains.
their flesh, now so largely devoured by
wolves might supply the finest food fur
our fishing population. When taken
young, deer become very domestic and
tractable. There would, therefore, be
no difficulty in rearing vast herds of
tame deer, and so converting these vast
savannas into a well-stocked grazing
country, employing qualified herdsmen,
who would make themselves familiar
with and accompany these herds from
pasture to pasture, as is done in Norway
and Lapland with the reindeer there,
and in Spain with the sheep. Were
proper plans adopted for effecting this
object, great benefits and comforts now
undreamed of would be realized by the
people.
On the whole, it is evident from the
observations of this courageous traveller
that It is a mistake to suppose that the
interior of this large island is an irre
claimable wilderness! When the richer
lands of the New World are occupied,
men Will turn their attention to these
grand savannas. The snorting locomo
tive will yet startle the solitudes, and
scare away the reindeer and wolves.
Smiling villages will dot the plain.
I think I hear
The sound of that ;ffiv.trietng multitude
Which noon shall iltl these deserts. From tilt
ground
Comes up the laugh of children, the soft voice
01 and the street and solemn hymn
01 ri.aubath worshippers. The low of herds
Blend,' with the rustling of the heavy grain
Over the dark-brown iurrows. All at once
A fresher wind sweeps by, and breaks my
dream,
And I am In the wilderness alone.-
Don Platt as a Drummer
I)on Platt, in his Washington letter,
says: I went out the other day to pur
chase some furniture for au office, and
having selected my articles, I turned to
the man and said :
"You advertise in our paper, do you
not?"
" No, sir, we never advertise."
I then quietly informed him that I
never bought furniture, and moved on
to another establishment. You will
think I am romancing, but precisely
the same conversation occurred at the
second store. I tried a third, quite a
large establishment, standing on a cor
ner, kept by a Christian (and I propose
to advertise him now) of the Mosaic
name of ➢loses—Moses S Sons, at that.
They have quite an assortment in the
upholstery line, and I suggested adver
tising to the senior, and received in an
swer that he occupied a corner, a very
conspicuous corner, and had a large
sign on it that everybody could read
from the street, and with that it was
quite unnecessary to go to further ex
pense in the way of advertising. Then
I said unto Moses:
"Do you know, my Christian friend,
that when a man, possessed of any
amount of money, wishes to furnish a
house in Washington, he goes to Balti
more, Philadelphia and New York,and
even into Boston?"
"Yes," he responded, "I know that."
"Well," said I, "do you know the
reason for it?"
" Why, of course, .1 - do," he replied,
with some asperity. " These people
come here front Boston and other places
and are interested in the manufactories
at home, and of course won't purchase
at Washington."
" My Christian friend," I continued,
'' you labor under a monstrous delusion.
These men do not own any manufacto
ries at home, and if they did, they
would not purchase where they have to
pay heavily for transportation, If they
knew they could escape such taxes by
getting their furniture of you. But they
don't know that you exist."
" They road the papers, and they see
no mention made of Moses, unless It be
fu a 'Sunday paper, and the Moses
spoken of Is a man dead long ago ; yet,
however, no deader than you are, come
to think about It. A man who does not
advertise is as dead as Moses. You say
you have a sign here. That is not the
sign asked for. Few people see, and
those who do can't read it. For one
man walking Idly down the street who
reads, there are hundreds who pass by
with no time to read signs, or for one
man who does notice your abortion In
black and white out there, a newspaper
would take your business to thousands."
"Why, my Christian friend, immense
fortunes have been made by advertising.
Did you ever hear of Helm bold's Bu
chu 9" He had never heard of Helm
bold's Buchu. He bad seen a gentle.
man by the name of Helmbold driving
down the avenue during the carnival
with a great quantity of horses, and
thought he was a part of the Adminis
tration. I gave him up in despair, and
yet this is a specimen of the business
men at the magnificent Capital of our
great country.
Orangehm
Its Origin and the Vie'Weiss if Cele-
Though the Orangemen espoused the 1
religious principles which placed Wil- '
Baru of Orange on the British Throne,
and derive their name from his title, it)
was not until more a century aftert;
his death that they became a powerful,
organized body ; notwithstanding the I
name of Orangemen existed some time ;
before. The battle of the Diamond in
the county of Armagh, which took
place in the month of September, 1793, '
led the Protestants to believe that un
less they banded together for mutual
support they would become an easy
prey to their enemies, who had formed
themselves into associations under the
names of Defenders and United Irish- '
men. The first Orange Lodge was
formed in the county of Armagh on the
21st of September, 1795. It was merely
a society of loyal Protestants, associated
and bound together solely for the pur
pose of maintaining and defending the
constitution of Church and State, as es
tablished by the revolution of 1688. As
other lodges were formed the moiety
received many adherents from the low
er classes of Protestants, though the
leaders were generally men of intelli
gence and position, and as they in
creased in number and strength, confi
dence took the place of supineness and
despondency in their general bearing.
The organization was nt that time
conducted with so much publicity
that the declaration of their princi
ples was published in the newspapers.
As is natural in all such cases the new
organization was subject to much mis
representation, and oaths to which it
was a stranger were fabricated as the
oblig thous of Orangemen. It professed
to be instituted merely for defensive
purposes, and was not introduced into
counties or districts until after they had
become disturbed by their opponents,
and was not established in Dublin until
the month of January, 1795. There can
be little doubt but that the Orange
lodges were of considerable service to
the government during the memorable
rebellion of 1795; in fact, Gen. Knox,
who commanded at Dungannon in the
Summer of that year, assured the gov
ernment tout the institution of Orange
lodges was of infinite use, and that he
would rest the safety of the North of Ire
land in the fidelity of Orangemen who
were enrolled ill the yeomanry corps.
It is right to mention that the Orange
association must not be confounded,
as it has often erroneously been, with
the disgraceful outrages which occurred
iu the county of Armagh many years
previous between the lowest class of
Presbyterians, under the name of Peep
of Day Boys, and the Catholics under
that of Defenders, fur it was not insti
tuted until some years afterwards as a
cheek to the aggressions of the latter.
In May, 1797, delegates front the Orange
Lodges in Ulster, offered to put at the
disposal of General Nugent, then com
manding at Lisburn, in the event of an
insurrection or invasion, a force of 20,-
COO men, who at four days' notice would
be ready to march under his command
to any part of Ireland where their ser
vices might be required. The General
thanked them for the offer, but trusted
the& the spirit they manifested would
prevent any insurrection. On the 12th
of July in the following year the vic
tory gained at Aughrim on that day, in
101, was celebrated by a general proces
sion of Orangemen at Lurgan, which in
numbers consisted of front Cloud to al,-
WO, who carried eighty-nine stands of
colors and many elegant devices, the
whole being conducted in the most
peaceful and creditable manner. The
procession was reviewed by Generals
Lake and Nugent, and on the same day
the former reviewed another numerous
body of Orangemen near Belfast.
Ilow far the Orange organizations
were beneficial to those who were mem
bers of them is a matter of doubt. Even
Sir Richard Musgrave,a staunch Protes
tant, and a member of the last Irish
Parliament, in his " Memoirs of the
Rebellion:' says: "However useful
the Orange institution may be in a
country where the members of the Es
tablished Church are numerous, it roust
be allowed it must have been injurious
where there were but few, because it
only tended to excite the vengeance of
the Romanists against them ; and they
could not unite with celerity and in suffi
cient numbers for the defence." He
was also of opinion that it should not
be admitted in the British army or mil
itia, because consisting of both Protes
tants and Catholics, it would be likely
to create party zeal and discord. These
opinions .vere given a year or two after
the rebellion uf It is certainly true
that the Orange societies have frequent
ly been, the aggressors in the breaches
of the peace in Ireland, to which
they have been a party ; and they have
themselves partly to blame for the en
actment of the law which renders illegal
in Ireland all party processions, the
carrying of party colors and the singing
of party songs. A notable instance of
Orange aggression occurred in Dublin
in the year 1522. At the beginning of
that year the Marquis of Wellesly ar
rived in Dublin, invested with the vice
regal position of Lord Lieutenant of Ire- i
land. Though the Marquis should na
turally have won the approval of the I
Orangemen by his refusal to interfere in
preventing their annual celebration,still
he was too friendly disposed toward the
Catholics to please many of the most
bigoted. The Catholic advocate,
Plunkett, was his Attorney-General,
while many of the Catholic leaders were
cordially welcomed at Dublin Castle.
These proofs were sufficient for the
secret Orange tribunals which sat upon
his conduct, and the result was that '
when his Lordship attended the per
formances at the Dublin Theatre, on the
night of December 14, he was assailed
by an organized mob, one of whom
flung a heavy piece of wood and another
a quart bottle toward the State box.
,'Three Orangemen, mechanics, were ar
' rested and tried for the offense, but ac
quitted on a technical defect of evidence;
but a general feeling of indignation was
excited among all classes in consequence
of the outrage, and it is questionable if
Orangeism in Dublin ever recovered the ,
di-gust occasioned by the dastardly' as- 1
sault.
The annual gala-days of the Orange
men are July the Ist and 12th, one or
the other of which they have been ac
customed to celebrate. The first is in
honor of the victory achieved by V, it l lain
the Third over James the Second, on the
banks of the Boyne, On July Ist. 1690,
which resulted in the flight of the de
throned monarch to France, and the
second in honor of the final and decis
ive victory gained or; 12, of the fol
lowing year at Aughttra, near Athlone,
when the Irish wing, antler the com
mand of the French General St. Ruth.
was defeated by the British forces under
General Gin kell. An account of each
of these conflicts will be found below,
As the contest which they decided took
more the character of a religious than a
political strife,
it would have been fur
better if the feud had been allowed tosub
side when the military conflict terminat
ed. Instead of this the anniversary of one
or the other of these battles has ever since
been held in great regard and as a day of
rejoicing among the Protestants of Ire
land With reference to the policy of
these celebrations the Messrs. "W. &
Chambers, who certainly cannot be ac
cused of any leaning towards Catholic
ism, state in their '' Book of Days," in
their allusion to this battle of Boyne :
"As it gave them (the Protestants) re•
lief from the rule of the Catholic ma
jority, the holding of the day in affec
tionate remembrance was but natural
and allowable. Almost down to our
time, however, the celebration has been
managed with such strong external
demonstrations—armed musters, ban
tiered processions, glaring Insignia and
Insulting party cries—as could not but
be felt as grievous by the Catholics, and
the consequence has been that the fight
begun on the Boyne Water In Inn has
been In some degree renewed every
year since. In private life to remind a
neighbor periodically some humiliation
he once sultered would be accounted the
perfection of bad manners. How strange,
then, that a set of gallant gentlemen,
numbering hundreds of thousands,
should be unable to see how impolitic it
Is to keep up this celebration In the
midst of people whose feelings it can
not fail to wound!"
BATTLE OF THE BOYNE—JULY 1, 1600.
Presuming that our readers are ac
quainted with the history of the revolu
tion which drove James 11. from the
English throne and placed his son-In
law and daughter upon it, we take up
the story when William 111., having
decided to join the army in Ireland, ar
rived at Carriokfergus on June 14, 1090,
and proceeded to &glom berg's' head
quarters, at Lisburn. Ens army' con
' slated of about thirty-six thousand men,
Aittetti t /c/Itete.
variously composed of English, Dutch,
Germans and other foreigners. On his
approach the Irish army retired to the
south bank of the Boyne, which is steep
and hilly, and had been fortified with
intrenchments. When James joined
them there were 10,000 French troops ,
under Lauzun, his whole army amount
ing to about thirty thousand ; and
though his force was considerably in- ,
tenor to that of William, and many of
them only raw, undisciplined troops, he
was induced by the strength of the po
sition to hazard a battle. On the last
day of June the hostile forces confront
ed each other at the Boyne. "The gen
tle, legendary river," says McGee.
"wreathed in all the glory of Its abund
ant foliage, was startled with the can-
nonade from its northern bank, which
continued through the long Summer's
evening and woke the early echoes
of the morrow. William, strong in his
veteran ranks welcomed the battle.—
James, strong In his defensive position
and the goodness of his cause, awaited
it with confidence." The morrow saw
the conflict.
"rwas bright J nrst morning clear,
Of unforgotten glory,
That ma re this stream, through ages dear,
Renown'd In song and story.
But brightly as dawned the day the
sun had nearly shed its rays on the
corpse of William. as, on the previous
day, he was discovered while reconnoi
tering with some of his officers, and ar
tillery brought to bear upon him, which
led to his having been hit upon the
shoulder, and to his sinking for a mo
ment on his horse's neck. The ball a
six-pounder, however, merely tore his
coat, grazed his shoulder and drew
two or three ounces of blood. Both
armies thought he was killed. A shout
of exultation rose from the Irish camp,
from which the news was expressed to
the Continent that William was slain,
and there was great joy in consequence
ill Paris, Rome and other Catholic
strongholds. A cannonade was kept up
on both sides till the evening of that
day. On the following morning, in
preparation for battle, James drew up
Iris troops in two litres, his left being
covered by a morass, while in his rear
was the village of Dromore, and three
miles further on the narrow Pass of
Luleck. William ranged his army in
three columns of attack. The centre,
led by the Duke of Schomberg, was to
ford the river in front of the enemy;
the right, under his son, Count Schom
berg, was to cross near the Bridge of
Slane, while 'William himself headed
the passage of the left between the camp
and the town of Drogheda. The battle
commenced at the bridge of Slane, be
tween the youngest Schomberg and Sir
Neil O'Niel : the latter fell mortally
wounded, and the river was crossed.—
William ordered his centre to advance,
under the elder Schomberg, by the ford
at Oldbridge, as noon approached, while
he moved with the left across the river
nearer to Drogheda. Lauzuu, with
Sarstield's horse, dreading to be out
flanked and cut off at the Pass of Du
leek, which was the only road of escape
toward Dublin, and which was so nar
row that two cars could not pass each
other, galloped off t n retrieve the disas
ter at the bridge of Stacie, five miles
higher up the stream, where alone a
flank movement was possible. The bat
tle was now transferred from the gun
ners to the swordsmen and pikenren—
from the banks to the fords and borders
of the river. William, on the extreme
left,(his wing being composed entirely of
cavalry) swam his horse across in immi
nent danger. The whole Irish infantry
were mars,halled opposite the centre at
Old bridge. When Schomberg gave the
word to march upon them his troops ad
vanced to the river, with drums beating.
Arrived at the brink, the drums stopped,
and the men, ten abreast, descendent
into the stream, where some of them
struggled with the water up to their arm
pits. The Boyne. for a quarter of a mile,
soon became alive with muskets and
green boughs. "It was not," says Ma
caulay, •'till the assailants had reached
the middle of the channel that they be
came aware of the whole difficulty and
danger of the service in which they were
engaged. They had as yet seen - little
more than half the hostile army. Now
whole regiments of foot and horse
scented to start out of the earth. A
wild shout of defiance rose from the
whole shore. During one moment the
event seemed doubtful, but the Protest
ants pressed resolutely forward, and in
another moment the whole Irish line
gave way." The route was complete;
the Irish became panic-stricken and
ran away, as many better armed and
better disciplined troops have often done
since that time. "It required many
years," says Macaulay, "and many he
roic exploits to take away the reproach
which that ignominious rout left on the
Irish name. Yet, even before the day
closed, it was abundantly proved that
reproach was unjust." The Irish caval
ry made a gallant though unsuccessful
attempt to retrieve the day, and main
tained a desperate fight in the bed
of the river, falling impetuously on
some of William's forces and driv.
ing them lack into the stream, and
the deaths of the Duke of Schomberg
and Caillemot, who commanded the
Huguenots,rewarded their valor. Walk
er, the defender of Londonderry, who
had recently been appointed its Bishop,
was also shot dead while exhorting the
colonists of Ulster. The battle raged
intensely for half an hour, when Wil
liam, who had experienced great diffi
culty in crossing the river, came up with
his cavalry, and his arrival decided the
fate of the day ; yet the Irish horse re
tired lighting obstinately. The losses
in the battle were but small, the Eng
lish being only 500, and that of the Irish
front liaa.) to 1300, mostly cavalry. The
political consequences of the battle,how
ever, were momentous. The next day
the garrison of Drogheda, 1300 strong,
surrendered ; in another week William
was in Dublin, and James, terrified by
the reports which had reached him,wus
en route, for France.
BATTLE OF' AUCIIIRIM-.11'1,1' 12, 1651.
But the battle of the Boyne was not a
decisive victory. The war was trans
ferred to the south of Ireland, and con
tinued till the approach of winter closed
the campaign of the year, William re
turning to England in September. In
the succeeding year Ireland was in a
very distracted state, great barbarities
being committed on both sides. To
wards the end of June Ginkell, who
commanded the English army, bom
barded and took Athlone. It was a
masterpiece of audacity, as a large force
of Irish, commanded by St. Ruth, a
Frenchman, lay behind the town, while
the storming columns had to ford the
Shannon, with the water breast high,
in order to gain the breach.
St. Ruth now removed his camp
about thirty miles from Athlone, on the
road to Galway, near to the ruined cas
tle of Aughrim, where he determined to
await the approach of the English army.
The spot appears to have been chosen
with great judgment. His force was
drawn up on the slope of a hill, almost
surrounded by a bog, with some fences
in front, with which a breastwork was
formed without difficulty. On July 11,
Ginkell had moved the greater part of
his army to within four miles of the
Irish, there lying between them the mo
rass, through which two narrow cause
ways ran. St. Ruth's force consisted of
from 20,0110 to 25,000 men, that of Gin
kell being about 5,0,10 less. Ginkell
having reconnoitred the Irish position
gave orders for the attack on the mor
row, when every man should be under
arms without beat of drum. Two regi
ments were left In charge of the camp,
and the rest, unencumbered with bag•
gage, marched against the enemy soon
after six. In the morning, but they were
delayed till noon by n fog which hung
over the valley.
The outposts were then attacked, and
the afternoon was far advanced when
the two armies confronted each other,
with only the bog and breastworks be
tween them. It was live before the
battle began. The English crossed the
bog, sinking deep at every step, to the
Irish works, which they found defend
ed with a resolution which extorted
from them praise. Again and again
they attacked without success, and
once were broken and chased across
the morass; but they rallied, when
their pursuers were forced to retreat.
At seven, as the evening was closing in,
the advantage was with the Irish, and
Ginkell began to meditate a retreat,
while E3t. Ruth prophesied he would
drive the enemy before him to the walls
of Dublin. Just, hoWever, at this time
the cavalry had succeeded in crossing
the bog at a spot where two horses
could scarcely ride abreast, in doing
which they severely suffered from the
fire of the enemy. St. Ruth viewed
the passage with little concern,
until he saw hutdles laid in the
quagmire and a broad and safer path
prepared. Several squadrons now cross
ed, and the flank of the Irish army was
speedily turned. St. Ruth was hasten
ing to the rescue, when a cannon ball
carried off his head. It being thought
fatal to let his troops know their loss,
his corpse was wrapped in his cloak
' and carried from the field, so that
till after the battle was over neither
army was aware of his death
But the crisis of the battle ar
rived, and there was no one to give
directions. Sarstield, who bad com
mand of the reserves, with strict injunc
tions not to stir without orders, waited
for them in vain. The English cavalry
charged the Irish Hank, while the foot
again engaged the breast-works in front
which were carried. The Irish being
thus overpowered, retreated from enclo
sure to enclosure, fighting desperately
as they fell back, their efforts, however,
gradually becoming fainter. At last
they broke and lied, when they were
pursued, and a horrible carnage ensued,
which was only closed by the arrival
of a moonless night, and thus closed the
lust great Irish battle. The loss on both
sides was very heavy, proba , ily not less
than 12,000 falling in all. Uinkell re
ceived the title of Earl of Athlone as a
reward for his eminent services. The
remains of the Irish army tied towards
Limerick, where flinkell arrived or the
25th of August, and commenced a siege
which lasted for six weeks, when the
Irish surrendered, and thus closed the
campaign.
anecdotes
=IS
A n old story contains a lesson which
many married couples have not yet
learned. When Jonathan Trumbull
was Governor of Connecticut, a gentle
man called at his house one day request
ing a private interview. lie said :
" I have called upon a very uupleas•
ant errand, sir, and want your advice.
My wife and 1 do not live happily to
gether, and I :an thinking of getting a
divorce. What do you advise, sir""
The I;overnor sat a few moments in
thought; then turning to his visitor
said : '" }low did you treat Mrs. W—
when you were courting her? and how
did you feel towards her at the time of
your marriage? „
Squire W-- replied, " I treated
her as kindly as I eould, for I loved her
dearly at that time."
" sir," said the Governor, "go
home and court her now just as you did
then, and love her as when you married
her. no this in the fear of God for one
year, and then tell me the result."
The Governor then said, " Let us
pra
They bowed in prayer and separated
When a year passed away, Squire
W called again to see the Gover
nor amid said :
1 have called to thank you for the
good advice you gave me, and to tell
you that my wife and I are as happy as
when first we were married. I cannot
be grateful enough for your good eouu•
sel."
" faun glad to hear it, Mr. W--
said the (taverner," and I hope you will
continue to court your wile as long as
you live.
Archibald Saul, the wealthy banker,
was well known on 'Change in his day.
He was a small, wiry man, keen and
shrewd, and a great stickler for form.—
His clerks were aware of his precision,
and failed not to do their work accord
ing to the rules and forms laid down.
One day Saul called his private secre
tary and directed him to write to Mr.
13—, a rising merchant and importer.
" Write," said the banker, ' that I
have transacted the business which he
entrusted to me agreeably to his wishes."
The secretary, at his desk, wrote, and
when the body of the communication
had been completed he turned and
asked—
" With what form shall I close the
letter, sir?"
" You may place," sail Saul, "1 have
he honor to be yours."
" Yes, sir."
" Wait Tell ine : has Mr. B
settled his accounts to date""
" Yes, sir. His accounts Were settled
promptly and cheerfully."
" ! hull you may place—l have
the limier to be your very humble ser
vant."
" By the way," said the secretary, "
forgot to tell you that Mr. has
chartered two new ships, and his ven
tures are not only brilliant, but safe.
He is regarded by the knowing ones as
a man of remarkable abilities."
'•:\h-ha' Indeed! Place quickly—
I have the honor to be, sir, with the
Highest consideration and respect, your
very humble and, very obedient ser
vant:"
I=3
Absent-minded people are funny. Sir
Isaac Newton wanted his servant to
carry out a stove which was getting too
hot. A fellow stole his dinner before
his eyes, and afterward thought lie had
eaten it, because he saw the dishes
empty. A Scotch professor walked in
to the middle of the horsepond while
pondering on Final Cause. lien. Frank
lin punched down the ashes of his pipe
with the linger ()f a young lady sitting
by his side, aml severely burned the
lily white pokbr. A gentleman in
Troy, N. V., received a letter in the
dark, and used the letter to light his
lamp, and then looked about for it to
read. Pere Uratry, one day in Paris,
thinking ht. had left his watch at home,
took it out of his pocket to see if he had
time to go back fur it.
A capital story used to be told of the
late David Roberts. Au art critic, who
was a personal friend, published a sharp
attack upon certain pictures of his, just
exhibited. "My dear Roberts," wrote
the critic in a private letter, "you may
have seen my remarks on your pictures.
I hope they will make no difference in
our friendship. Yours, &c., —."
"My dear wrote the painter
in reply, "The next time I meet you I
shall pull your nose. I hope it will make
no differeuee in our friendship. Yours,
&c., I). Roberts."
Boxing the Ears.
Boxing the ears is an inexcusable bru
tality ; many a child has been made
deaf for life by it, because the "drum"
of the ear Is a membrane, as thin as
paper, stretching like a curtain just in
side the external entrance of the ear.—
There is nothing but air just behind it,
and any violent concussion is liable to
rend it in two, and the "hearing" is de
stroyed forever, because the sense of
hearing is caused by the vibrations of
this drum or "tympanum." "Picking
the ears" is a most mischievous prac
tice. In attempting: to do this with
hard substances, an unlucky motion
has many a time pierced the drum and
made it as useless as a pierced India
rubber life preserver • nothing hard
er or sharper than the end of the
little finger, with the nail pared,
ought ever to be introduced into the
ear, unless by a physician ; persons are
often seen endeavoring to remove the
" wax" with the head of a pin ; this
ought never to be done; first, because it
not only endangers the rupture of the
ear by being pushed too far in ; but not
so far, it may grate against the drum,
excite i Miammation and an ulcer, which
will finally eat all the parts away, es
pecially of a scrofulous constitution;
second, hard substances have slipped in,
and caused the necessity of painful, dan
gerous, and expensive operations to fish
or cut out ; third, the wax Is manufac
tured by nature to guard the entrance
from dust, insects, and unmodified cold
air, and when It has subserved Its
purpose It becomes dry, scaly, light,
and in this condition is easily push
ed outside by new formations of
wax within. Occasionally wax may
harden and may interfere with the hear
log ; but when thls is the case it la the
part of wisdom to consult a physician
and let him decide what is the matter
and what the remedy ; If one cannot be
had, the only safe plan is to let full into
the ear three or four drops of tepid water,
night and morning; the salivate better
still, for it imsofterand more penetrating,
but glycerine he fur preferable to either;
It Is one of the best, blandest fluids In
nature, and very rapidly penetrates the
hardest wax, cools the parts, and restores
them to a healthful condition. If, in a
week, there is not a decided Improve
ment In the hearing, medical advice
ought to be had at once, as next to the
eye, the ear Is the most delicate organ of
the body.
A captain of a base-ball nine, and
foreman of an Engine Company, Rev.
Samuel Scoville, of Norwich, this State,
will supply Mr. B'eecher's pulpit while
he is rusticating .at PeekskilL Mr.
Scoville is described a rising, young,
muscular Christian of great promise.
We hopelhe is as good In the pulpit as
he is at the bat.
NUMBER 29
The Temperance Men In the Field
They Organize a New Political Party
Jame,. Black and Ed. Rauch Among 111
The Executive Committee of the Tem
perance men met In Philadelphia on Mon
day, and determined to organize a now
political party. We and the following ae
, count of their doings In the Ledger :
The Committee appointed by General
Joshua 'P. Owen, Chairman of the Temper
ance Convention held in this city in May
last, met yesterday afternoon in the Grand
Division Room of the Sons of Temperance,
No. Its South Seventh street. The meet
ing was opened with prayer by Mr. Thonia.s
Rabe, of Pittsburgh, after which a tempo
rary organization was effected by the elec
tion of the following temporary officers:
President, James Black, of Lancaster; Sec
rotary, E. 11. Rauch, of Lancaster. The
following gentlemen were present: Messrs.
James Black, Lancaster; Edward ii. Lee,
Frank ford ; Edwin U. Coates, Philadel
plus ; Thomas 11. Rube, Pittsburgh; Ur. S.
Stebbins, Unionville; Col. George F. Mc-
Farland, Harrisburg; E. H. Rauch, Lan
caster; Dr. J. P. Thompson,Willimusburg;
Charles Mason, Doyle,towil ; J. N. Pierce
Philadelphia; J. 11. Jones, Philadelphia.
The que.uon of forming a permanent
organization was then discussed, Colonel
NleFarland favored the immediate organi
zation of the iminnilttee and the adoption
of prompt and decisive measures.
Mr. Stebbins moved to make the present
temporary organization permanent.
General Owen objected to the passim. , of
the motion, as there were only elm ell mil
of thirty-three mom berm pre,t.ttt.
Considerable dismission ensiled on the
propriety of acting-with such a sinal I num
ber of members present.
fr. Minch moved to amend by substlint.•
ing the name of Colonol McFarland fur
Seeretriry, in place of ilia own name.
Mr. Jones offered as a su batituto, that the
present officers continuo as temporary offi
cers until the next meeting. 'rite substi
tute was carried.
Colonel Mel•'arland said that the business
of the committee being done under tumpo•
rary organization, would be of a temporary
character, and not worth more than the
paper on which it is recorded.
A desultory debate followed nu tine clues ,
Hon of a formation of a third party, a ,mn
siderable difference of opinion being devel
oped among the members of the Committee
on that subject, Colonel NleFarland and
Mr. Mack construing the resoluthins under
which the cutritnittee acted as moaning that
they should take steps for the organization
of an Independent Temperance party, and
being opposed In those views by Mr.
Coates,. llr. Stebbins, Mr. Rabe, and others.
General Owen moved that the Committee
proceed immediately to the duties pre
scribed for it by the resolutions passed by
the State Temperance Convention.
Mr. Kauch moved to amend by adding
proviso that such action shall not he is•n
strued into opposition to the CI nt von ti on
called to meet in Liarrisburg, August
to nominate condidates tl,r A ud itor-G merit'
and SurveyorAteneral.
After some debate Mr. Bauch withdrew hie
amendment and the resolution of General
Owen was carried, and the committee took
a recess until half-past four o'elook.
The following are the duties of the sour
tnittee, as stated in the resolutions of the
State Temperance Convention held last
May.
liirsL Prepare and publish rules for
conducting elections ofSu,iaturial and Rep
resentative delegates to a State Convention
expressly defining all the powers of
eel's to conduct said delegate elections, how
they shall be chosen, who shall vote and
who shall be eligible fur election.
Second. Adopt. rules for the government
of county Executive Committees, and to
facilitate organization, appoint a chairman
for each county, who shall, in his torn,
point colleagues to act in behalf or every
election precinct therein upon said Com
mittee.
Third. When the organization is oun
pleted in a majority of the counties of the
Commonwealth, the chairman of the Stata
Central Committee shall all a State Con
vention to revise, reconstruct, modify or
adopt and endorse the preliminary steps
then taken, and take other steps as they
may deem advisable.
On re-assembling the following series of
rules for the organization and government
of the "Prohibition party of PensylVUllia
was submitted by Al r. Ranch :
Rule Ist. The StiteCen tral Contra i tire shall
be appointed in cinch manner and be emu
postal of such number WI the Slats COI,
rentions may from time to time determine,
and shall have the care and direction of the
political interests of the cause of temper
ance inn the State, Five members shall
constitute a quorum. The committee :nay
make their own by- laws and rules of order
and business; appoint their own Secreta
ry and Treasurer, an Executive Committee
with frill powers, unless limited by vote,
and such sub-committees its may be found
necessary ; till all vacancies id their own
body, and in the county, borough, town
ship and ward committees, in manner
hereinafter provided ; appoint financial
and other agents and spe.ikers ; utll State
or District Conventions and public meet
tings, organize the counties, townships,
boroughs and wards, under rules to be
adopted; print and distribute a proper lit
erature, and in general do all proper Linings
to educate the citizen of the Comnion
wealth to the iinportanee and fluty of elect
ing to public While, place, or trust, only
those favorable to the passage and OsOell
lion of laws for the abolition of the traffic
in intoxicating drinks.
Rule 2. 'the counties, townships, bor
oughs and wards in the first instancy shall
be organized as follows, viz: 'rho County
Committees shall consist of not less than
ono nor more than live persons fur each
township, borough or surd in each county,
to he appointed 101 hereinafter provided.—
Each Committee may consist of three per
SIAN, (which number shall make a quo
rind.) until the Committee shall be to ly
constituted, and abaft hold office for one
year, or until their successors are appointed
or elected. The 'township, Borough or
Ward Commits ees shall he coin posed of not
less than nine, nor more than live persona,
and shall be appointed as hereinafter pro
vided. One person may constitute this
Committee until more fully constituted,
and shall hold (Alice for one year or until
their successors are appointed or elected.
Rule 3. Until an election can he or is held,
as hereinafter mentioned, the state Central
Committee shall appoint somesuitable per
son to be Chairman of the County Commit
tee, which Chairman shall have the power
to constitute his committee by appointing
one person thereon to represent each town
ship, borough or ward in this county. The
County Committee shall have the power to
fix their own number, appoint their own
Secretaryand Treasurer,an ExecutiveCom
mince of such number and with soda pow
ers as they may designate, e-all County Con
ventions and meetings, employ agents and
speakers, and generally do all things neces
sary, in subordination to the State Central
Committee, for effecting the purpose of their
appointment.
Rule 4. The person first named for any
township, borough or ward committee,
shall be chairman of, and have power to
appoint not less than three, nor more than
rive, to constitute such committee, with
powers within its jurisdiction similar to
that of the County e 'tem/litter).
Rule 5. All vacancies which may occur
in the County or Township Corntnittees
shall be tilled by the remaining members,
in CM() of refusal or delkult thereof by the
Chairman of the County or State Com
mittees respectively.
Rule 6. At the first meeting of said Com
mittee, after organization shall be e fleeted,
the members thereof shall be required to
sign in the Secretary's Book of Records
the following declaration: " We do sever
ally pledge our words of honor that us
members of -- Committee of the Prohi
bition Party of Pennsylvania, acting in and
for the , of County of , we will
perform the duties of said position accord
ing to the rules which are now or may
hereafter be adopted for the government or
the several departments of said party, and
that we will faithfully labor to promote the
success of said party by the election to all
public offices only those whoshallpnblioly
announce themselves favorable to prohibi
tion of the traffic in Intoxicating drinks."
Rule 7. Any qualified voter of the Com
mon weath,and minors who are known to be
prohibitionists, who will be of age before
the next ensuing election, who may declare
themselves to be prohibitionists and intend
to labor for 1110 success of the prohibition
party ? shall be recognized and entitled to
Vote for committee men delegates, and to
exorcise all the privileges of the party.—
Total abstainers from the personal use 01
Intoxicating drinks, while ever to be re
garded as a proof of sincerity of conviction,
shall not be a test of membership.
Rule 8. State and County Conventions
shall be:called at time and place, and com
posed of such number of delegates to be
chosen in such manner as the Statooreounty
Committees may at time of call designate.
The above rules were adopted almost
unanimously, with but Ilttlo debate.
On motion of Colonel McFarland each
member wag directed to ralao slooin bin
diatriet for the mem of the 'committee.
On motion of Mr. Coates, a committee
consisting of Messrs. James Black, J. T.
Owen and George F. McFarland, was ap
pointed to draft a proper address, to bo
published and circulated among the people
of the State, setting forth the objects and
intents of the party.
The following wore appointed as the
Chairmen of ,the various County Commit.
tees to organize their counties under the
rules adopted above.
Adams, Rev.—Snyder; Allegheny, J.
E. Johnson; Beaver, A. Bostw ic k; Bed
for.d. —Gibson ; Samuel Isett;—
Bradford, Gen. Wm. Patton; Berke, James
Patten ; Bucks, Edw. Harrison ; Centre,
James A. Weaver ; Cumberland, D. W.
Bashure; Cambria, , A. A. Barker; Dau
phin, Rudolph F. helker ; Delaware, J. S.
Cummins; Chester, R. L. Pyle; Fayette.
Grafton L. Reynolds; Franklin, E. W,
Kirby; Greene, B. F. Heruken ; Hunting.
don, J. R. Gumpruir; Indiana, J. A. Wil
son ; Lehigh, Charles. S. Massey; Leba
non, Rev. T. D. 'Dougherty; Lancaster,
ter, Isaac H. Good; Juniata, J. H.
Smith; • Montgomery, Seth Luk ins ;
Northampton, William Ross; North
umberland, S. W. Murray; Perry,
S. S. King; Philadelphia, J. C. Garrigues
Somerset, John 0. Stoner; Lyeoding,
Thos. Underhill; Luzerno, J. T. Yarring
ton ; Tioga, G. T. Bentley; Wayne, A. 11.
Woodhouse; York, David E. Small; Law
rence, Ira T. Sankey; Susquehanna, S. B.
Chase; Wyoming, Dr. A. C. Biel: esli
Erie, R. E. Spink ; Venango, M. R. Sharp;
Washington, G. V. L. Mellinger; Snyder,
M. L. Waggenseller ; Schuylkill, Lm.tier
S. Kautrmann.
_
On motion, the Chairman was instructed
to make appointments in the twenties not
provided for in the above list.
Mr. Rauch offered the following:
Resolved, That we do recommend the
friends of prohibition In the several coon
! ties of the Commonwealth to adopt home
diato measures to secure by county or dis
trict conventions or otherwise, the nomi
nation and election of candidates for all
0111CCH to be voted for at the annual elec
tions of 1871, who will publicly announce
themselves to be favorable to prohibition
of the liquor traffic, and against license.
General Owen opposed the passogoof the
resolutions as being too fast.
Mr. Coates and Col. McFarland also op •
posed the passage of the resolution.
Mr. Ranch pressed the passage of Isis
resolution. lie thought that there were
throe good months between this anti the
etc:slots, the time had now come that every
Mall who favored political action had to
act posihrely and decidedly.
Mr. Coates strongly exhorted more dis •
eretion anti deliberation in reference to tile
matter. Ile believed that the canoe lr.ulll
be injured by undue haste.
After some further debate, the question
was putt by ayes anti noes, and resulted a,
MHO :
Ayes --NI ems rs. Ale Fad and, Pierce,
Thom p.m, Rauch and lthiek— 5.
Nays—Nl ussr'. Jones, Costes, Rabe and
Otrett-4.
So thu resolution passed.
General J. T. owrn, mr. Mr.
Rabe and Al r. Jones, entered protests
against this action of the committee.
A 100(11,11 was made to reconsider the
vote by which thn resolution in favor of
nominating candidates way 1111.8F1011. The
I/106011 to reconsider was agreed to.
submitted t h e fat
lowing lot n subgitnta.
ReNot,,,i, That w, reemn mend the friends
of prohibition in the several. onuntics of
010 Commonwealth to adopt measure~ to
seenre, if possible, the nom inlaid!) or Tom
perance candidates for all tinkles to bt) lined
at the etiviiing election, and where those
nominations have already been made, to
inierrogitte those nominntod, and secure
their approval of prohibition legislation,
tf posailile, and volt, accordingly. Adopted.
Tho prlaust nub by General Owens idol
other,, on the previous resolution, wits
adopted.
Alter the election au treasurer the Coln
nittee toljeurned.
N urn, n n ine.
Fro!II the Ilaitiniore fiazette of Alumlay
tee clip the folki‘viiii.; trite and excellent
paper the narrow-gangequestlon, which
IS evidently written by en experienced
railroad wan. Avoiding all (be tbeurizing
and argllllll'lll., it states the economic feels
of the 'now system which is gaining favor
so rapidly and so irresistibly.
The results of the elrortsof the officers
of the Denver and Rio Grande Hallway
Coin panyi-to establish a system of narrow
gauge roads, adapted to American uses,
and to demonstrate the practicability of
constructing long lines without Govern
ment, State or local aid, premise to have a
111051 illiptatant intillelleo uu the carrying
trade 11 this country. This read, which
Ia eventually to he 900 MOOS long, is now
under contract from Denver to Colorado
City, 60 wile,. The cost ut construction
and equipment 0f the Kansas Pacific road
was about 1f2:1,500 per mild. The cost of
the narrow-gauge will be about 313,5410.
the saving in construction and the great
economy in working, assure very large
profits 170111 the outstart, and the subscrip
tions to the stook and bonds, amounting to
$1,000,000, have been promptly taken up.
the gauge decided upon is three feet. The
eharacter of the equipment differs little
from that at present in use 401 other roads,
and is chiefly in size and weight. Tho pas
longer cars, with eight-wheels, neat thirty
four persons. Seats are arranged for two
on One side and one on the other nide of
the passage. Ft eight ears are much short
er limn ordinary ones, and run on four
wheels. A comparison or train weights
shows that an ordinary train of four pit",
stinger cars, carrying ltd passengers,„,will
weigh about 1-101 nll4. A train or mix . ears
Carrying the same number, will weigh, tin
a three Mot gauge, but 71 tons, loss than
one-half the train weight on the full gauge.
The weight of thn engin en on the two
gauges is as I 1 tons to 121 WIN, and the
weight on drivers us 20 tons to 10 tuns.—
rids renders a :10-pound nail quiet as ser
viceable 144 the 50-pound rail nose In lISO.
A rate of speed M 25 to 30 miles an hour
is easily attainable on a throe-foot gauge
road.
In freight trains, on the 'rid gauge, the
dead weight and the freight weight are
about equal. tin the narrow-guage the
weight of ears to the weight of freight Is as
I to 4.
Thus in a loadof 1,440 tons, old
gauge, the weight of are will be 720 tons,
.and that of freight the same. In a load of
2 tons, on tho narrow-gauge, the ears
72
will weigh lint 206 tons, and the freight 510
ems. In other words, a small engine
weighing In WIN, will hind about two- thirds
he pacing matter hauled by a large engine
inure than double the weight, and In each
of much less costly construction. thi the
full-gauge road an engine of 571 tons will
haul 720 tons freight and 720 tons ears. On
the narrow-gauge two engines of 21 tone
each will haul 1 02-1 tons freight, with only
112 tons ear weight. (treat an is this dis
proportion of dead weight, it is rendered
initelt greater by the fact, that so many mire
run empty return trips, If comparhonm
of gross tonnage are made, the saving of-
Meted by imrrow-gauge in necessarily Im
mense.
The economy in construction Is very
great, as well as that of equipment. Thu
weight of bridging, and necessarily the
cost, is materially. lessened, as the weight
of trains is considerably reduced. Ida•
chine shops lord buildings generally can bu
made smaller and machinery much lighter.
linulOßlloll is reduced thirty per cent, it
the lowest. In rough countries it ot re
duced fifty per cent., and in mountainous
regions a narrow-gauge can be constructell
where a wide road is impracticable.
The confidence which the experiments
of thin Denver and Rio Grande Company
have Inspired, ins ores the construction of
narrow-gauge roads In now countries, not
only its meders to main lines, but as trunk
lines themselves. 'lire problem ot cheap
land transportation promises now to be
speedily solved. If the experience oven of
a lbw months fully sustains the facts we
have given, there MUSt be necessarily an
immense revolution in the railroad busi
ness of the country, an enormous reduc
-11011 In the rust of transportation, and pos
sibly a very great depreciation In rail
road values. Take, for instance, the
effect upon the Baltimore and Ohio road
of the building, of such a read
from Williamsport to the Allegheny
coal-Melds. Would not a new road, the
cost of construction of which was not more
Mau one-half that f its rival, and the work-
iug expenses of which were far less, nem -
sarily attract to itself at once, by rates of
freight profitable to it, but ruinous to Us
antagonist, the entire business of the coal
region, and would not the success of such a
road immediately lead to its own exten
sion and the construction of others? The
natter is cne of far more importance than
was at first thought, and when we reflect
that experience will lead to greater perfec
tion and larger economy. it is difficult to
foretell what may not be the effect of the
narrow-gauge on the railroad system of the
country, and upon its material develop
ment. Cheap roads moan cheap rates, in
creased truvul and traffic, and largo divi
dends, and necessarily lead to thecievelop
ment of N affiable districts by the construc
tion of new roads and providing additional
The Nurth.Ber " Eau.le Bird."
'rho shape and attitude of the eagle of
North liertnany, to be portrayed on the
imperial arms, have been the subject of
brisk discussion of late. By the I•ederal
Council it has been finally determined that
the North German eagle shall henceforth
have but one head, which appendage shall
look to the right, and have above It In a
glory the imperial crown. CM the breast
is to appear a shield, and on that shield the
Prussian eagle, each wing with six broad
and live narrow feathers; and, finally, the
claws are to be all black, the red talons of
the old device to be henceforth discarded,
and the tad Is to appear in "heraldic do•
lineation," which the Now York World
understands to be a technical way of ex
pressing that it Is to be puffed out fau•shape
after the similitude of a turkey gobbler in
the first flush of love. The feet of the bird
wo must add, are not to hereafter grasp
anything.
Mimi.lrd by the Bite or in Spider
Mr. William Gable, barber, was bitten
by a spider, lust raturday two weeks ago,
from the effects of \\ilia he has not yet en
tirely recovered. lie was In the act of
reaching for some nulls, on a [Melt In the
Summer kitchen of his residence, when a
small spider let itself down from the roof
upon him right arm, half-way between the
wrist and the elbow, and bit Win. He re
moved the insect and killed it. Three
days thereafter Mr. Gable's arm was swol
len to such an extent and the wound was
co painful that he wait unable to attend to
his business, aud was required to keep his
arm quiet for a week. Several large lumps
were raised on the arm above the elbow,
and In the swelling below tho elbow, whore
the Insect bad produced the wound, a largo
quantity of pus was fOrllled, Willeh way
discharged the maineam from a largo boll or
carbuncle.—Reading lagle.
Tho Kentucky Nutt Product
Some tirno ago, says the Louisville (Ky.)
Courier-Journal, several salt wells were
discovered in the vicinity of Brandenberg,
Kentucky, which, upon being worked,
proved very profitable to their owners. The
news of the discovery spreading abroad,
several other wells were sunk, all with a
successful result, furnishing each a aulli
clent flow of brine to manufacture, by
evaporation, from eighteen to twenty bar
rels of salt per diem. Besides the great
yield of saline water, each of the wells that
have been as yet bored also furnishes gas
enough to run the two furnaces and boilers
required by each well. As the gas is very
abundant, it has been proposed to imitate
the example of Erie, Pennsylvania, and
conduct it in pipes to the town, there to be
used for culinary, lighting, and heating
purposes.