THE LANCASTER INTELLIGE • NCER.
PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY DT
H. G. SMITH & CO.
H. G. SMITH. A. J. STEINMAN.
TERMS-140 Dollars per annum payable
In all calks id advance.
THE LANCASTER DAILY INTELLIGENCER Is
published every evening, Sunday excepted, at
$3 per annum in advance.
OFF iCE—SOUTIVASST COlOl/Elt or CIONITHE
WY ARE.
Vortrp.
THE WEDDING-RING
Only a well-warn hoop Of gold,
ITnlit by any glow,
Of rainbow-gent, a ring that told
Ita ntory long ago.
o[ll - a elrelet.llynm'dowl th!II
,il•
%Vim.; /111.1110ri141 cloud iny nokil within
norrow•shadol hlrile.
Only a Ch ehaTi int fast
Two xt•pit al I. liveh
That a • Iln to Itilud .t:ltly Vast
Yet leaves ill,: Min 1114 ale.
Only 11 rent! Or tto jr,y
In r.ttyS 110 1,0)11 to he,
Of Ihtmg,htn It. gret olone 4,11
Never ugaln tur me
Only n Irvasure from I hi. band
Ni, IWO ,. 11l It. 111111,
Blli ful..ti • ll HILO t 111• Viiil . l . ll:, 1:i11d
Ih•y Dull tlic hunt ORA...
pledge of luul4ul love,
1)1 love that ne•l hole.
Though Deal lola d hone hp , nhov
That. Ngcl ed I light lugs oule.
Only nit ettrEent Ilia troth
Nor l'lnnt ttnr Hugh! elm Itinnl
Bul over trill Moil its I,lllil
111V11., ring to tile
111 eln•let 1 , . II hintrol
11, 11,e to
NOVI nivotlhnst rout kl
p etlgol
Nov, ogallt Ils gold shall thread
yJohllng
Novo r 1• . 1•11 Whell Slav! , 111.11 . •
Ii 111111 trio. N 1,1.1, 111.1,11.
Nevor mill n: But as mi. I Ituttglit,
I wain, tof perlt•ot
t Ito ,Ital I ir..111, rapt tire Ira
%Vital) Oval II Ili Ill.!
I+liscellancous
How I Rode !rem tit. slue to SW Imp Illy
Few English traveler , have ever visi
te.l St. Joe ; few perhaps hay.• ever
hoard or its eXislentst, awl yet, it is It
111 it'll or sotto! note --a town Which
stands Its the (attn.:4 of eiViliZation anti
Anglo-Saxon siiprenincy, far (tows ill
lonely KiLlisits, far down in the turbid,
surly :SI issouri. (it, one side of it stretch
sway fur thow-sruk ,01,1 thousands or
miles the federated Slates of the (treat
Republic; on the other side lie the
broad prairies, the grassy pampas and
the grim and I...aimless Ne h t , R .
the Red Indian still holds his lordly
sway—the Rattle-grow lid I/r the Coinali-
Cites, PaWlives,('rue's, IllavlL feet, As
sinilioities Sioux.
Times have (dimmed since the days
when the st. Joe of tile present, WILS the
Hall Jose , : of 1111. part; whet( the II:a
-ro/if haciendas or the opulent American
dolled the green slopes !side t lie town
and the shovel-hatted priests and Mli-
Intl pretty litirt—necked,
hare-armed little poltlaitas With the ii
earthen pitchers poised so graveltilly
on their, phinip, nut-hrown shoulders,
sauntered along - the pavements, or gos
sipped lit the fountains; When the .\bi
gelus so sweetly sounded from the great
gray tower or Hall Putiro, and the dtuu•e
anti the song, the twinkling of the gui
tar, and the clash of the ,ssolist wel
comed the soft light or the warm Staab
ern evening. Lids passed away in it
single night; kir between sunset:lnd sun
rise, live thousand hlooil thirsty, howl
ing Assinilmines and storm
ed, pillagell anti tired the city ; and or its
inhabitants, neither Man, nor woman
!sir I),y-tweak discov
ered a plain of levelled, blackened,
sin toting ruins, where the 'tight before
at lair city had stood, anti IL fete miles
distant an army or itillage•lacieli, biotal.
liall-ITestateti savages, each
red skinned druiuu staggering tin with
a great bunch of gory scalps dangling
al his waist-belt.
Fifty have come and gone since
that terrible night. Not one stone ill
the old Han Josef remains upon anoth
er, but :1 busy town occupies its site—a
long, straggling place, with almost as
many streets as houses, but presenting
not one single objeyt, 01' interest to the
peel, the Vitiate . , Or the architect.
\\*hat brought me to St. Joe I can
scarcely reuleni br r. I know I !Hut been
a Wanderer Col' years over the face (it
the earth, and had won illy daily bread
with my ride in every State of South
America, from Patagonia to l'ananta.—
Ou particular oveasion I had made
tracks froth Denver Creek, on the other
side of the Itstiky Mountains, :mil as the
season was early Spring, and game very
scarce on the road, I liad half starved
on the way, and entered the town limit
less and almost lifeless. Though weak
in body I 1)101, however, plenty of pluck
left, awl having bargained lily rifle for
a week's hoard and lodging, I began
uL mice to MI about for means ill
subsidence idler that wetilt should have
expired.
Well, luckily the St. Joeites don't
set much value upon a suit of broad
cloth awl it pair of kid gloves. ' Seek a
situation in tags, and they won't mili
'tate against you getting it, provided you
are the proper tiling in yourself lap
plied for a latrtli„where a resolute brow,
an eagle eye, a broad chest, a strong
arm, and about five legit four of firm
Ilesh, good bone, blood and sinew
were the chief reptirentents, and from
a hundred and twenty 4 . alolitiates I was
seleeted as the most titling.
The questions 'Hit to lie wire pretty
curt, anti any answers just as brit'!'.
"Cal you ride."' —" I have lived all
my life in the saddle."
" (lan you light " I believe I've
fought a representative of every nation,
Republic, State,;and tribe (in the Ameri
can continent."
"Are you 177rittely acquainted with
every caravan lir mail-track between
this and the It >city :\ lountains I."' As
perfectly as I tel With every patch and
rent in this old jacket of mine."
" Can you endure a lift, of continued
hardship, danger, anxiety, and broken
rest',"' " Better than I could one of
ease, affluence, luxury, and idleness, for
I have never known any other."
"'Then you're the man to suit us. I
won't ask you whether you're honest
and trustworthy, because Ftl Soon take
that for granted as trust to a man's
word; anti here, in St. Joe, tee set no
value in characters or test inittnittls (nn
thlrerellt Stales, dial, for alight We
know, may he forged. You will go at
olive to the ( . 0111p:illy's outliner
Johnson street, :toil order your Uniforill,
arms and account renient,, to lie ready
by Monday morning, or witteh day, Si
loam, you will attend et the post.olliee,
to enter Upon volt' duties." Anti with
those instructions I was dismissed.
The reader may, by this time, he cu
rious to know what service I was
engitg(al and who were toy employers.
Both questions :ire easily answered.
I was merely appointed a postman,
and all that I had to do was to carry the
mail-nags ell I he back of a strong, sturdy
pony, a tifty-mile stage to Swamp City,
a dreary collection of log huts, built on
the edge of a vast morass, and constitut
ing the first transfer nlati.ll 011 the lung
and weary track to Salt Lttke City, or
the Oregon.
My employers were essrs. Russell S
• CO. a. first well known in both 1 . .1111505
and Texas, and indeed, for that mat
ter, through the whole length and
breadth of the union, in every hank
in which their hill for tell thou
sand ddllars would have been deemed
as satisfactory as the currency itself.—
They were at that time the most ex
tensive carriers or goods and passengers
in the world, often starting in one year
from St. Joe, Lmven worth, and Ne
braska City two hundred and eighteen
trains of Wagons, t Wenty-six Wagons to
a train, Making it, all five thousand six
hundred and sixty-eight, each drawn by
twelve bullocks, eonsequen thy requiring
between sixty and seventy thousand
bullocks, besides relays and substitutes
for those breaking down. This firm
executed larg e transportation contracts
for the United States government,their
business with it prior to the formation
of the great Union Pacific Railroad,
sometimes amounting to $5,000,000 in a
single year. In 1801, the year in which
I entered their service, they employed
no less than 5,0110 men.
Near tile footof the Itocky Mountains
is a place called Denver City. Large
deposits of gold and silver exist in its
neighborhood and as several thousand
persons live there who produce nothing
but the precious metals, the
_whole of
, the supplies had to be carried in these
.• wagon trains. This was a large portion
of their business during the Summer,
but snowdrifts cut oar this digging city
from all supplies during the Winter
months.
Before the opening of the railway, St.
Toe was in fact the great eastern ter
minus of the various overland expresses
and the principal point of arrival and
departure of the vast overland traffic to
and from the eastern and western terri—
tories of the Union ; for these wagons
not only went to Denver Creek, but to
et)e XantOtet
VOLUME 72
neylng even as far as the Oregon In one
direction, and California in another;
over thousands of miles of prairie, wood
and mountain.
•
For mutual protection the wagons
traveled In trains across the plains, from
sixteen to twenty making up a train.
Each large wagon carried about six
thousand pounds weight, and was drawn
by oxen or horses. They started early
In the morning and traveled until mid
day ; the cattle were then unharnessed
and allowed to graze on the plain in
charge of a herdsman, while the trav
elers hunted and shot, plenty of game
being found on the prairies, as well as
deer, elks, antelopes and buffaloes. At
night the wagons were placed together,
So as to form a square or triangle, the
cattle being kept within the enclosure.
The camp-tires were then lighted, and
after eating and drinking their till, the
men slept on the ground around them,
wrapped in their blankets, sentinels be
ing first dilly posted, who were relieved
at intervals during the night, the great
est caution being necessary when trav
eling across the plains, as tribes of wild
Indians still frequently traverse them,
who steal, kill, and scalp, wherever
they have a chance. They are, however,
afraid of the terrible weapon which
white men carry, and will seldom at
tack them unless they can effect a sud
den surprise, or are immeasurably supe
r rior in numbers.
Besides their great wagon business,
M'essrm. Itussell at Co., were the mail
contractors and the originators of the
celebrated "Pony Express, ' by Ineans
of which a frequent and rapid commu
nication was maintained in dozens of
dillerent directions between the for di
vided territories of the Rocky Moun
taim the longest and ino,t perilous of
these routes being that to Salt Lake
City, the abode of the Mormons, and
110111 liwn,o on to cidiror
lila, or in other words, right across the
greal Northern Continent; the whole
journey, with the exception of when
limti ',lain ranges or other diffi
cult ground, being p erlornmd atthe rate
of nine miles an hour, or two hundred
11.1111 nixlrrva milesin the twenty-four
horn's, and necessitating upward or n
hundred relays of horses anti wen ui
rota,.
The first stage on this wonderful line
cif communication it was henceforth may ,
duty to ride, St. Joe being my port, of
departure, and Swamp City, sonic fifty
miles distant, my port of arrival. This
stage was perhaps one of the least dam
geriffiS ones along the whole line of the
route; and yet, inasmuch as never a
a yetis• passed without one "Pony Ex
press" man insetting a violent death,
while on the spur het wee!' t h e two cities
it may be concluded that the trip was a
hazardous one after till. Peril, however,
was toy natural heritage, so I took no
account of it, and as 1 had about forty
hours to spare before I mast hetalte my
:elf to boot and saddle, I determin 'ml to
have a good built at the town into which
rate had cast ine.
There was not muelk to he seen—nn
ugly,
dingy town, straggling and scat
tered, built on the red sandy banks of a
red, turgid river.
.A hotel, or Tale:
!louse, with the - only goods-shops in
the place clustered closely around it, a
busy market place, no end of gin-palaces
—though they don't call them that
there-1111d a great wooden bridge cross
ing the Missouri to the village of Pem
broke, constituted the chief features of
the svelte. There were some trees, too,
looking weak and sickly, probably front
being treated like spoiled children,
which they undoubtedly were; clouds
of sand and dust to any amount, myr
iads of mosimitoos, and every other
winged and unwinged entomologieal
abomination that could sting or bite,
and last, but by no means least, for
they alone seenleil 'to give it tran,ient
life rirol spirit to lite
,teioulioar tahhittt on its passage tip or
Nvii the river.
Well, that forty hours passed slowly
turd wearily enough ; and I was not
sorry When the Monday morning earns,
:mil I found myself mounted on my
steed, which I judged to be a cross be
tweeffa Norway pony and a 'Mexican
mustang, outside the door of the wood
en post-olliee, and only waiting for the
mail-bags in order to he off.
I presented a very different appear
ance now from what I had done in my.
rags iind titters two littYK previously.
My uniform , which was both handsome
:ind serviceable, titled to perfection. In
the broad, silk sash that girt my waist
was stuck both knife and revolver
while in addition there was slung at my
hack a short, carbine shaped, six-cham
bered revolving rifle, that I. doubt not
would prove a right trusty friend in
time of need.
Five minutes later the mail bags, by
no means a. Weighty load, were thrown
across the pony's broad back, and se
cured to the saddle behind, and I was
trotting down M'Ailam street, fairly ert
route for Swamp city.
It was one of those lovely mornings
so , onitrion in America at that period of
the year when nature wears her fresh
est and most delicate tints—when the
Spring flowers exhale their sweetest
odors, and the wild birds warble their
most joyous strains. I was as joyous as
either bird or flower, as most men
would be who suddenly found them
selves well clothed, well fed, well
mounted. and well paid, after lighting
with cold and hunger and grim want
for many long and weary months. I
therefore rode gaily along, whistling
as I went, and ere I had left St. Joe
nine miles in the rear, I entered upon a
wild prairie, which stretched away be
fore me as far as my eyes could reach,
like a sea of waving grass, without a
tree, bush, or undulation to vary the
level monotony of the scene. •
I had now to be on the alert, for I was
leaving Kankee for Indian territory; to
fact, 1 was already on the debatable
Ground of seven distinct tribes. Hun
dreds of battles had been fought on this
very prairie between rival Indian forces;
and about noon I came upon a patch oi
barren land of about six acres in extent,
tilled with hundreds of holes about two
feet square, and five or six feet in depth.
I learned afterwards that this spot was
known as "the battle-ground," and that
here some nine years previously astrong
body uC Sioux had dug these holes and
hidden themselves in them, to lie in
wait for a smaller body of Pawnees,
whom they knew to be approaching
front the southward. The unsuspecting
Me drew near and encamped iu the
neighborhood for the night, and when
they were 11.1.1 asleep the crafty Sioux
left their hiding-places, crept into their
camp, and slaughtered and scalped the
greater number of them.
In crossing this prairie live express
riders bad at different times been killed ;
two of them by white savages, for any
treasure that the mail-bags might con
tain, and three by red savages for the
sake of their scalps. I did not at the
time know all these dislnal records of
the track that I was pursuing; bad I
done so I might not have taken mat
ters quite so coolly, and I certainly
should have been more on the qui cive;
as it was, however, my faculties were
destined soon to be aroused by dangers
in the present, if not by knowledge of
perils in the past, for as I was speeding
along at an easy-hand-gallop, en arrow
suddenly whizzed by my ear and quiv
ered in the ground some fifty yards
ahead of ate. My hand was on the stock
of my revolver in an instant, for I did
not care to drop my reins in orderto un
sling my title carbine, and, quickly
glanchtg around, I saw a clump of tall
tussocky grass slightly moving on my
left. 1 tired three charges of my revol
ver right intu it, and was rewarded by
hearing a smothered groan. Rather
incautiously, perhaps, for the bush was
capable of concealing half-a-dozen sav
ages at the least, I wheeled round, rode
up to it, and, dismounting, entered it on
foot.
As it happened, no one had been in
hiding there-Mit the victim of my bul
let, who lay stretched ou his back, with
his glazed eyes fixed on the blue vault
of heaven, and his dark red skin already
growing pale and ghastly beneath the
blue and red streaks of war-paint. A
stream of blood was welling forth from
a hole in his naked breast, through
which the leaden messenger had sped
straight to his heart.
I knew by the way that his scalp-lock
of coarse black hair was twined and
braided, and by the colors of his war
paint, that he was a Pawnee, by his bat
tered and broken eagle plume, his richly
embroidered wampum belt, and his
heavily fringed moccasins, that he was
a chief, and by the raw circles on his
wrists and ankles, and two or three very
recently received wounds in different
parts of his body, that he had taken
part in some great fight, had been made
prisoner,and escaped.
I had never before; beard of a single
Indian attackin: a single white man and
only have been attempted by one who
of two deadly perils chooses the least.
I therefore concluded that the Pawnee,
under the impression that his blood
thirsty and remorseless foes were close
on his track, had been In hiding, not to
waylay, me, but to conceal himself from
them, and seeing me unexpectedly pass
had dischareed his arrow, hoping to
bring me down, and then escape on my
horse.
• .
This conclusion once arrived at deter
mined me upon pushing on as speedily
as possible, for if this dead red-skin's
foes happened to be Assiniboines, the
best mounted Indians on the plains, I
should stand a very good chance of
falling into their hands myself, and as
these inhuman fiends always tortured
their prisoners before they killed them
in order (so I have heard old trappers
say) to make them tender for eating, it
was clearly unadvisable to let the grass
grow under my feet all the way to
Swamp City, from which I was still dis
tant about twenty miles—open short
grassed prairie all the way.
I must say that I felt rather nervous
for if I had u dread of any-thing it was
of Indians; so, us I galloped along, I
kept continually looking over one
shoulder or the other. Suddenly my
ponied shied at something and then
stood stuck•still, trembling like a leaf.
I was not long in discovering the cause
of its alarm, for the skeleton of a horse
and Its rider lay right in our track. I
knew by the ghastly grinning teeth of
the latter that he had been a white man,
for many of them were decayed, and an
Indian's teeth never decay. I knew,
too, by the skeleton of his steed, that it
must have been a pony of about thesize
of mine, while a round lisle in the dead
man's skull, which the birds or beasts
of prey, or probably both, had cleared
of every vestige of flesh and hair, indi
cated that he had met a violent death.
Neither arms our fragments of apparel
Icy about him, IN might he expected;
tut there were plenty of pieces of cut
earlier scattered about lice grass, some
laving blotches of sealing wax on
hem ; so that I pretty well guessed
hem to be fragments of a mail-bag,
such us I myself was the bearer of.
" What was your fate yesterday may
oily be mine to-morrow, old-fellow;
and so good bye," I muttered, halt' ad
dressing the bleached corpse, half in
mental soliloquy as I forced any pony
past.
Again l pursued my course with a
b t I was destined to meet with
strange adventure: on this particular
clay, and presently, upon glancing be
hind me, I saw about a dozen horses
about two miles in my rear, coming
over the level prairie, right cm my trail.
Now, 1,:u1 I been a green-horn, I
should have imagined these horses to
have been riderless. 1
,certainly could
perceive HO OHO On their backs, but I
could instantly tell, both by the way
they galloped and the steadiness with
which they held on their course, neither
diverging to the right not; to the left,
that they were guided by invincible
and yet tirm hands. Their riders were
lying prostrated along their backs to
escape obset vation, and they were all
in pursuit of one scalp, and that scalp
was my own.
I knew that no men could ride thus
but Indians, and no Indians except
Assiniboines, the boldest and most
brilliant horsemen in the world. It' I
felt into their hands the chances were
that I should lie butchered without
pity. But I Wasn't in their hands yet,
that was one comfort; and though
their lung-bodied, long-limbed 113US
tangs were fleeter of I,lot titan my own
little steed, yet they had not the
strength and endurance in them that
the Norway-cross . gave to the: pony I
bestrode; and as a stern chase is pro
verbially a long chase, whether on sea
or land, except perhaps when a loco
motive under high pressure of steam is
in pursuit. of a black beetle, I didn't
give up all hope of escaping from their
knives.
" (to it On; pace, old girl ! there's In
juns after us," I cried, patting toy poney
on the shoulder. As if she understood
my words, she bowled away right mer
rily over the soft prarle, and after a
lapse of tell minutes or'so I came to the
conclusion that if my foes were gaining
011 me—a fact 1 almost doubted—it was,
at all events, very slowly indeed.
The Indians were not long in observ
ing my increase in pace, and knowing
tlierefrom that I had not been deceived
by their ruse. they quickly assumed an
upright position in the saddle, and
treated me to a terrible war-whoop, that
made my blood run cold, and every
hair fairly rise on my head,although in
:anticipation of coming which they
undoubtedly would do within the next
hour unless my usual good fortune at
tended me.
In the midst of all any danger I could
not help admiring the lira centaur-like
and yet graceful riding of the pursuing
Assiniboines.whose naked bodies shone
in the sunshine like statues of bronze!
Broad-chested and powerful fellows
they were, looking warlike and pictur
esque enough, with their head-dresses
of gorgeous feathers, and their brightly
colored mangas or cloaks floating be
hind them on the wind, Over the right
shoulder of each appeared the barrel of
a rifle '
for the Assinibeines are the best
armed Indians on the American Conti-
cent, aml have discarded the bow for
nearly half a century.
l'hus we swept on, pursuers and pur
sued, for more than one hour, and then
the prairie was nearly crossed, and as
the sun sank below the vast plain I saw
the wooded country just in my front, a
seven miles' gallop through which
would bring me to Swamp City. My
foes had, however, by this time,
gained
upon rue very considerably, and I
they would not he shaken oir until the
town was fairly in sight. Luckily my
pony showed no signs of distress. I
therefore had still a hope left of saving
my scalp, though it grew fainter and
fAinter every minute. At last I was
fairly among the trees, but the track
was perfectly plain, and so had not to
draw rein for a moment.
Little did I think that I had foes in
my front as well as in my rear, yet of
the fact I was somewhat abruptly con
vinced by several men springing out of
the bushes on each side, and forming
across the road. I saw at a glance that
they were armed to the teeth, and that
four or five revolvers covered me, yet I
felt delighted to see these men, rascals
though they were.
" We don't want your life, stranger—
we want the mail-hags ; but if you don't
give them up quietly, why we'll pre
cious soon take both," shouted a fellow,
who seemed to be their leader.
" Don't ask for the bag, or talk of tak
ing my life," I answered, " for in a few
minutes' time you'll have enough to do
to save your own. lam dying from the
Indians, who are close behind; so let
me pass."
" njuns ! " said they ; " that's a like
ly yarn. I njuns don't come within live
miles of Swamp City, so none of your
tricks upon travelers. I f you don't drop
that mail-bag before I count three, I'll
shoot you us dead as a clam ; there
now! One"
These fellows had appeared so sud
denly upon the scene, and now covered
me so completely with their weapons—
their leader especially—that I saw that
before I could handle my own rifle or
pistols I should be riddled by a dozen
balls at the least. Luckily however, at
this critical moment the Indian war•
whoop rang shrilly out close in my
rear, and that wild and terrible cry pro
duced a magical ellect upon the white
banditti•
" Now will you let me pass?'' I
cried.
" Pass?" said they. "Yes, why of
course, but surely you won't leave us to
the mercy of these internal red-skins?
We've no horses to escape ou, and your
rifle might turn the day in our favor."
" I don't know why I should risk my
life in your defence, for you would have
taken mine without a scruple," I re
plied ; "yet as I'm dying to have a shot
at these dogs of Assiniboines,who have
worried me so, I'll stop and empty one
or two saddles for you, at all events.
There was no time to say more, for
the Indians were upon us. They seem
ed surprised at perceiving our numbers,
but they had no thought of shirking
the contest on that account. We were
seven to twelve but our revolvers and
my six-shooter rifle, especially, gave us
great advantage over them. Directly
as the red-skins came within range, the
robbers fired a volley at them, not a
shot, however, taking effect. In return
the Assiniboines drew rein, and un
slinging their rifles, brought them to
present a calmly and collectedly as En
glish soldiers would have done on
parade; but before a single trigger was
pulled, two had fallen victims to my
rifle carbine, and of the remaining
LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING JULY 12, 1871
other killed one of the robbers—that
was all.
I had by this time worked myself in
to the rear of the half-dozen rascals on
whose side I was fighting, and again
taking deadly aim, I brought down an
other Indian, and then shouting, " Now
I guess you're an equal match, for I've
wiped out three redskins, and having
kept my word, will leave you to fight
it out fair and straight; " and wheeling
round my pony, I once more struck out
Into a gallop for Swamp City.
For several minutes I heard shots and
cries and all the noises of a desperate
conflict, but I never stopped to listen or
look round ; and in less than half all
hour I saw lights gleaming ahead, and
presently drew up before the wooden
Post Office in Swamp City, where I
found another expressman ready mount
ed and waiting to carry on the mail to
the next stage, Sloman Town.
I was in the Pony Express service at
St. Joe for five years after this my first
ride, but I don't remember ever encoun
tering so perilous a ride affair). I dis
covered, on my next journey, that the
Assinibolnes had beaten theldwhite op
ponents, and killed and scalped every
man of them.
Seeing the Sultan
Oliver Optic, who has just returned
from an extended tour in Europe, writes
a letter about the Sultan and the Turk
ish ladles, from which we give the fol
lowing extract:
Ditnetrl Informed us on our first day
In Constantinople, that we were to see
the Sultan ; It being Friday, the Mo
hammedan Sunday, when his Majesty
went to the mosque in state. We were
rather pleased with the idea; in fact,
we were curious to see the sovereign of
the Turkeys, and the husband of from
live hundred to fifteen hundred wives.
Ditnetri assured us that a carriage was
a practicable thing, and we took a car
riage. We drove through the Rue de
Dem; and we passed other carriages,
though how, it was done we can't exact
ly say; but there was a scattering among
the foot-passengers whenever the feat
was accomplished. In some places, it
could not be done, and in nine-tenths
of the streets there isn't room enough
for even one vehicle. We met donkeys
laden with panniers, donkeys laden
with rocks ingeniously tied ou with
ropes, donkeys laden with furniture, and
donkeys laden with boards, planks, and
joists, hail the load on each side of the
saddle, with one end dragging on the
pavement, the other projecting far be
yond the beast's head. There were
strings of donkeys loaded with dirt, mud
Mild, in panniers.
W e drove through an old Moslem
burial-place, where the march of im
provement had cut a road, without re•
gard to the ashes of the dead. Descend
ing a steep hill, we came to a fine ma
cadamized road, between which and '
the Boa phorus stands the magnificent
palace of the Sultan. Several battali
ons of troops, in full Turkish costume,
lined the streets on one side. We wait
ed an hour, in the rain, for his Majesty
to appear; but the hour was well spent,
for it would have taken three pairs of
eves to see all the " Cow" that was pre
sented on that road during this brief
period.
We cannot describe it. The beggars
are worth one page, the paellas another,
the soldiers a third, the Sultan's guard a
fourth, and the ladies a fifth. As we
have beenpaccused of catering too ex
clusively to our boys, we must speak of
the ladies for the benefit of our girls.
They were in carriages ; some modern,
stylish carriages, others Turkish. Each
contamed three or four " fair beings,"
closely veiled, and dressed in loose robes
of black, white, brown, or yellow. One
carriage, containing three ladies, passed
our position not less than a dozen times.
On the front seat sat a very pretty lady,
young, with intensely black eyes and
very pure complexion. Her veiling ar
rangements were very thin, in fact, next
to nothing. We have observed, that,
the better looking the ladies were,'the
thinner were their veils. When we
could not see enough of a lady's face to
form an opinion in regard to her beauty,
the conclusion was inevitable she was
old and ugly.
This particular lady on the front seat
looked at us—the judge included—very
earnestly every timeshe passed. Finally
she smiled a little ; and we smiled a lit
tle, and touched our hats ithejudge is
the essence of politeness). The lady was
pleased, and we didn't think we hail
done anything to merit the bow-string,
or a bath in the Bosphorus. Of course,
all the ladies in each carriage belonged
to the same family in half a dozen
of them, for aught we know. We felt
then and there that Christianity had
done a vast work for woman.
'l'lle music announced the approach
of the procession The line of troops at
the side of the street presented arms;
and two squads of horesemen advanced,
one on each side of the way, so as to be
in front of the royal personage ; then
a portion of the body-guard, divided in
like manner. Next came the Sultan
mounted on a splendid horse, the sad
dle cloth and other trappings covered
with gold. He is rather stout. with full
beard sprinkled with gray. In fact, he
is a very good-looking man. He was
dressed in military clothes, his breast
covered with orders, and wore the fez.
He was followed by a string of pachas,
high officers of the State and the army,
on foot, each with his suite.
Not far behind the Sultan rode his
son, a boy of thirteen, bright and intel
ligent. We took off our bats to him, as
we had to his pa ; and he, with better
manners than his sire, looked at us, re
plied with the military salute, and
smiled very prettily. The soldiers gave
a single wild shout when the Sultan ap
peared ; but he only looked at therm
and " made no sign." He even glanced
at the judge and our humble self ; but
no bones were broken. He held his
head up, and seemed to enjoy the page
antry, evidently feeling that he was of
some considerable consequence in the
world. We don't know what will be
come of him now that France is crush
ed; for England only uses " moral ef
fects" of late years.
The rest of the procession was made
up of Albanians, dressed without re
gard to expense, and other soldiers and
officials. On the whole, it was a mag
nificent exhibition, and really surpassed
any circus-show we ever saw.
Waterlog-Place Fllrtatlonp.
"The doves are at the watering
places," and flirtations will be the or
der of the day and night for some time
to conic. This, according to a pleasant
writer, is about the programme:
The lightness and flightiness; the ad
vancing and retreating; the flight and
pursuit; the half-averted glances that
go the swifter to then mark ; the co
quettish ways with dress and smile and
look and speech ; the tantalization on
the one side and the desperation on the
other; the skillful interweaving of
moonbeams and music into the cam
paign ; the delicious torments and the
lovely cruelty ; the affectation of indif
ference where all is passion, and of pref
erence where there is nothing but the
cold mockery of pride and pique ; how
will not these various aspects of flir
tations present themselves to the
quiet observers this season, in the
deep parlors, in the retired places
on the lawn, on the tenches that
face the serpentine paths, on the moon
-14-verandahs—and everywhere, where
opportunity opens to those who know
how to put it to prompt service. No
body flirts on the sand. If the wave
and the burning sand were not the sure
death of even an affected sentiment,
that harlequinade of flannel, and bare
foot at that, would help the solitude to
choke it completely down. But at the
hotels the flirting is positively despe
rate. Missher in bathing-suit little re
alizes how much of her power she owes
to the lingers that have fashioned her
wardrobe and distributed it over her
lovely person. And poor, bewildered,
bedeviled Benedick will tremble with
the emotion some little dancing witch
has kindled within him for her own
amusement, and will run up his motto
at once, "'Death or a double life."
They will fly from Saratoga to
Newport, and from Newport to
Long Branch, as birds hop from
spray to spray, she calling him on with
her little low whistle that has such
magic for mischief in its compass. They
tell us that actual ,marriages sometimes
grow' out of these flirtation cam
paigns; we should as soon look for
fruit where the thistledown went
dancing from the stem, instead of
the prickly spines which we know to be
there still. Yet grapes made by some
miracle can be gathered there. The
landlords care not, so that the fun cop
tinues fast and furious enough. to swell
their charges and make bank accounts
fat and substantial. No more do we,
tion in a term of almost dissolving heat,
these little offaires de cwur come in•.
with a picturesque sort of appetite to
enliven hours that would otherwise be
claimed for slumber and dreams, per
baps more Idle than even these unreali
ties.
:For the Itelligeneer.
Tallorlana; Or. Scionlllatlons from the
Shop•board.
Broth-Houses and Broth-Bosse.
I vlqh I had a drink, for I am NO hungry that
I Coot know where to hop to-night."
Who the author of our quotation is,
is beyond our ken ; nor are we able to
tell whether It is poetry or prose. It is
certainly very unique—very expressive,
and very significant. Of one thing we
are quite certain, however,—it la u scin •
[illation from theshop-board, originated
there, and Is as " Spokeshavian" in its
originality as "Spokeshave" himself.
It is said to have been an application,
or an appeal to a " Broth-boss" at one
of the " Broth-houses" of the craft, by
a "strap'd jour." If the questions
should arise, what arc broth-houses,
and broth-bosses? the very " sbortest
cut" to an answer would be—boarding
houses and boarding-housckcepers.either
male or female—otherwise landlords, or
landladies, whether they were keepers
of a great hotel, a- common tavern, or a
private boarding-hoase. Five and forty
years ago, and also at later periods, in
sonic If nut In all great cities, tailors
had their special broth-houses; if not
established expressly for them, they at
least monopolized all their accommoda
tions, and no other mechanic could get
boarding there if he would, cud per
haps would not if he could. Now, bc•
cause they chose to call these places
hrolh-houses, It must not for a moment
be supposed that they were a sort of
asylums where cheap boarding, in the
form of literal broth, was dispensed to
famished dependents. Not at all. They
were regular bona tide boarding-houses ;
and If, in the expressive phraseology of
the shop-board, they chose to call them
broth-houses, it was a matter entirely of
their own concern—they knew what
they meant, and that was sufficient.
Of course, these houses were not all of
equal sumptuousness, of equal respect
ability ; but were graded to suit the
graded pecuniary abilities 01 the craft;
and it• any of them were degraded, it
would only have been a contingency
that was common to artizens of all me
chanical professions, and perhaps seine
that were not mechanical. Of course,
also, the system of e.cr•luoieencs.c referred
to did not obtain in hotels and tat-erns,
in this country, as it did In private
broth-houses.
We have used the term hru!ii thus far,
principally as all adjective to qualify
the houses and the busses, but this was
not the only term by which the shop
board designated boarding. It was also
known under the elegant and euphoric
ous names of /cut,
,grub and dog's-hood
—and when of a very inferior and un
satisfactory quality, it was sarcastically
called grurol-hash. Time and place,
sometimes suggested the relative use of
these terms. Nor instance, it was com
mon for a jour to go to his "grub,' but
to return from his "feed;" amid if, front
any cause, he brought his dinner to the
back-shop, to be eaten there, It was call
ed his "dog's-head," and, 1w:till/I, also
"cow's-heel." This latter name was
probably taken from the famous J ini-
Crow-Rice's wog of "Lidy Rose"—
which was introduced about forty years
ago—and in which Sand)°, in the plenti
tude of his affection, promises his nose—
Possum-fat and hominy, persimmon pie :ma
Cow let and sugar-matt, and evorythintt that's
It is not to lie inferred that the terms
used in this and other papers or this
series, were in universal use among
tailors, everywhere and en all occasions,
but only that they were common to the
shop-board, and some of them also of
only local value ; for when occasion re
quired, tailors used the same language
that distinguished other men of equal
intelligence.
~.Nor yet that boarding
houses were always called broth-houses,
or that tailors boarded only at those
which had been established exclusively
for their use; for, as a general thing,
they were distributed among houses
which entertained people of all mechan
ical, and other professions. Still there
were houses in which none but tailors
boarded, and into which perhaps none
others would have been admitted—in
which other mechanics, and especially
shoemakers, were proscribed, no matter
how respectable they may have been ;
for the wont tailor was falsely consider
ed better than the heal shoemaker, or
the heat of any other craft. This of
course was a morbid discrimination, and
although many tailors themselves may
have so regarded it at the time, yet they
did nit possess sufficient moral power to
break through such a groundless preju
dice.
If error mon report be true, some comic
scenes were enacted at broth-houses,
where tailoristic exclusiveness prevail
ed. These scenes were no doubt tragic,
or at least meld-dramatic enough, to
those immediately concerned in therm
but they were sometimes so " preposter
ous, absurd and ridiculous," as to be
comic to outsiders. For instance, some
old " Flinty codger," whose character
and perhaps whose person was by no
means as fragrant as •' Araby the blest,"
would suddenly discover that the new
comer who sat beside him at the break
fast, dinner, or . supper-table, was a shoc•
maker—a decent, intelligent shoemaker
perhaps—when he would jump up from
his seat, and with a storm of overwhelm
ing indignation, would declare that lie
had been most grossly and wantonly in
sulted. And if the broth-boss should
approach him and apologetically inquire
what had been done to insult him, he
would furiously retort that they had
seated beside him a " d—d snob." 'Phis
term snob, by-the-way, is not used here
in the sense in which Thackeray used
it. It was a term of reproach, applied
to shoemakers by tailors and others,
forty and fifty years ago, and perhaps,
also, la ter. if the broth-boss did not
immediately " knock under by forth
with discharging the aforesaid shoe
maker, he or she might " count on los
ing a good boarder in the tailor, and
perhaps also a good round boarding
bill. The absurdity of this false dis
tiuction may be further illustrated in
the following anecdote: A tailor had
becbme converted and turned to preach
ing, and as a matter of course, it may be
supposed that his former views on this
subject had undergone some modifica
tion or change. After some years of
absence he returned to preach iu
town in which he had formerly worked
as a tailor. All the tailors in the town
docked to hear him, of course, and took
seats as near as they could get to the
pulpit. The shoemakers,however, who
may have had no special regard for him
—or, indeed, who may have been as
proscriptive as the tailors themselves—
contented themselves by peering into
the doors and windows of the meeting
house. The tailor-preacher seeing them,
and perhaps recognizing some faces
among them, stopped in the middle of
his discourse, and thus addressed them.
" Come in here and sit down, you yel
low-bellied snobs, you have souls to be
saved, as well as these genteel journey
men tailors." That certainly must be
regarded as a very liberal concession,
and at least one peg in advance of Is
lamism, who regard some people as be
ing destitute of souls. The relations be
tween broth-bosses and their guests,
were sometimes very cordial and
amicable—especially if the latter
" paid up" promptly—even paternal
and filial ; but they were also in some
cases, cold, distant, and mechanical
—especially when they didn't' pay
up" promptly—When these houses
were remote from the back-shop, or
when the weather was bad, or the
boarders much_ pressed for tithei., the
boss would condescendingly "-ifix-up"
a dog's head for him or them to take to
the shop, for the noon-day meal. Almost
anything at all, palatable, was sufficient
for a dog's head, except, perhaps,
" dried apple-pies ;" that is pies made of
dried apples. This may, however, have
only been a local discrim in ation,grou n d
ed in prejudice. The professed reason
for this, is appropriately expressed in
the following linear
"The farmer takes his gnarliest fruit,
'TN wormy, bitter and hard to boot:' '
He leaves the hulls to make us cough,?
And don't take half the peeling on:
Then on a dlrtycord they're strung,
And from a chamber window hung ;
And there then serve a roost for flies
Until they're made in apple-pies."
"The greatest "sell," we think, we
ever experienced, was in a dried apple
*, In our boyhood ; but since then, we
have often eeen this much slandered
de fully *indicated ; nevertheless, as a
ijatelligeitte
house, they might be objectionable—or
not considered ' good grub," at least
Thesedistinctions between broth-houses
and broth-bosses, it is presumed, existed
among all kinds of mechanics, and not
among tailors alone, and were no doubt
governed by the grades of the houses,
and the price.; of the boarding. At all
events, we :are cognizant of the fuel,
that, us a general thing, the character
of these houses, and the conduct of
their Inmates, was as respectable and as
orderly among tailors as they were
among every other class of mechanics
in our whole country.
Perhaps the good crumple of five men
—three of whom were tailors—dur ng
six months of the earlier and more
ductile period of. our manhood, had a
greater influence upon our after-life,
than the bad example, of all, we ever
afterwards encountered. It was at a
private boarding-house, in the City of
Brotherly-love," during the winter of
1833 and 1834. We all six roomed to
gether, in the third-story of the build
ing, and our own immediate bed-fellow,
was—like ourself—a " jour tailor." The
other two tailors also " bunked" to
gether, but they were both foremen, or
" crooks," in the employ of large estab
lishments on Chestnut and Market
streets. In the third bed, lodged a hat
ter and an engraver—a student, under
tim celebrated John Sartain. The con
duct of these men, during all of that
period, was most gentlemanly, cour
teous, social and harmonious, and we
have reason to believe, also christian ;
and we have often felt a degree of self
reproach, that we alone seemed to be an
oubdtle Gentile.
Those men never retired at night, and
never went forth in the morning, with
out first addressing themselves in sup
plication or thanks to the Deity, and
notwithstanding the perverseness of ou
spiritual state, we became accustomed
to them, and felt a sort of protection in
their presence, although, when occa
sion required, they would indulge in the
technical phraseologies of their respec
tive crafts, and at proper times, and tin
der proper circumstances, were "right
jovial." Yet we never heard an obscene
word, or an indecent allusion, nor an
objurgation, or imprecation of any kind,
from any of them, during all of our in
tercourse with them ; and this w: s
pretty much the character of the whole
house, which contained some thirty
boarders. We make Luis record, as an
admonition to young men, who go forth
to battle in the field of life, at the early
and most formative period of their man
hood. Seek a good boarding-house,
w here there is sufficient moral influence,
to straighten, In some measure, the path
before you, and to keep you away from
the "sinks of iniquity," however urgent
may be the persuasions of professed
friends.
The practice of mechanics of our spe
cial calling clanning together, and mo
nopolizing one particular house, is a
relic of old English habits, and perhaps
still exists in that country. It is true,
that men following the same occupation
and feeling a common interest in it,
when going to a strange place, will be
come more or less clan ish, and will
naturally resort to such houses as may
furnish them the greatest Chances of in
tercourse with their fellow-craftsmen.
This is natural, if it is not, liberal, and
tailors, like other men. being " birds of
a feather," will "flock together," as a
means of advancing their own special
interests. For that purpose they may
as legitimately band together in social
and domestic intercourse, as they do in
their spei2ific mcchuni,a/ calling, if such
exclusiveness meets the approbation of
their broth-bus.ses. Social exclusiveness,
based on identity of occupation, exists
more or less among all worldly pro•
fessions, although it nay not be the
highest type of social affinity. We
think, however, that any system of
social exclusiveness among men, con
tracts their minds, circumscribes their
experiences, and curtails their general
knowledge of men and things in this
world, without making them any flitter
for those spiritual affinities which roust
exist hereafter. True, social affinity is
not founded upon sameness of ()mina
tion, upon similar pecuniary standing,
nor even upon blood-relatiouships, but
I upon congeniality of minds and temper
aments, and the more the world breaks
,through those false distinctions, the
nearer the millenium will be.
But the discussion of this question is
not altogether germane to tnis paper,
any further than broth-bosses may find
it profitable to conduct their broth
houses, exclusively in the interest of
tailors.
We sojourned some three or four
weeks in such a Louse, in a Western
city, and although the price of board
was almost double that of the Eastern
houses, alluded to before, in every other
respect it was far inferior. We do not
think the broth-boss recognized any
other relation between him and his
boarders than—ficcdolictrsa tecck, never
theless to "strangers in a strange land"
the fact that all who assembled around
the "festive board" were tallorA, incul
cated a sort of "home feeling."
Parisian Beggars
Among the curious stories told of
Parisian beggars is one concerning a
blind man—really blind—who is always
to be found near a certain gateway on
the Boulevard Sebastopol. A passer-by,
who was in the habit of giving him a
couple of sous, one day dropped a double
louts in the fellow's hat by mistake. On
discovering his mistake, some time after
lie returned to reclaim his gold. The
blind man ?vas gone, but a cripple in
the gateway directed him to the Rue du
Petit Carreau, where he said "Monsieur
Benjamin" lived. The inquirer went to
the address indicated. A nicely dressed
servant came to open it.
"Monsieur Benjamin in '2"
"Yes, sir."
Our friend is shown into an elegant,
ante-room, through which one could
see into a dining room, where there was
a table admirably appointed with tine
wish e linen, crystal and silver. The
maid came to say that Monsieur Benja
min would he glad to see his visitor,
and at the same ,lle opened the
door of au apartment furnilivil 111 the
'Fmk ish fashion, in which the blind
man was seen settled on a divan.
" Yes, indeed, sir," replied our friend
rather embarrassed. " I am very sorry
to trouble you, but the fact is—l believe
—I rather think—that In passing along
the Boulevard Selia,toool this morning
I gave you by mistake two Louis for two
sous."
The blind man said, with the Mums
coolness, " That is quite Possible—
haven't looked at the cash yet; and i
there is a mistake, nothing is easie
titan to rectify it."
He rang a bell, which was answered
by the maid.
" Ask M. Ernest," lie said, "if in the
receipts of this morning he has found a
piece of forty francs."
The piece was there ; the maid fetched
it; and at the bidding of her toaster pre
sented it on a tray of Chinese lac to his
visitor. The visitor pounced upon his
coin, and without more ado proceeded to
take leave.
" Pardon, sir," said the blind man
"you forget something, "there are two
sous to return to me."
Good Dog F tory
Mr. Beecher, in his Cliri.ltian Union,
vouches for the truth of this story :—"A
narrow log lay as a bridge over a ravine.
From the opposite ends of the lug at the
same moment, there started to cross it
a big Newfoundland and a little Italian
greyhound. Of course they met in the
middle ; of course there was not room for
them to pass; neither could they go back.
The height was a dangerous one for the
greyhouud,and to the waterat the bottom
tie was extremely adverse. The New
foundland could have taken the leap in
safety, but evidently did not want to.
There was a fix ! The little dog sat down
on his haunches, stuck his nose straight
up in the air and howled. The New
foundland stood intent, his face solemn
with inward workings. Presently he
gave a nudge with his nose to the
howling greyhound—as if to say:
"Be still, youngster, and listen."
Then there was silence and seem
ing confabulation for a second or
two. Immediately the big dog spread
his legs wide apart like a Colossus, be
striding the log on its extreme, outer
edges, and balancing himself carefully.
The little dog sprang through the open
ing like a ;Sash. When they reached
the opposite shores the greyhound broke
into frantic gambols of delight ; and the
Newfoundland after his more sedate
fashion, expressed great complacency in
his achievement—as he surely had a
An Old Controversy Revived
Never was a secret so well preserved
as that respecting the authorship of
'• The Letters of Junius." It should be
premised for the benefit of those who
have not read up the subject, that these
famous Letters, bearing the signature
" Junius" were published in a London
newspaper culled The Public Advertiser.
The first of them appeared on the 21st
of January, 170, and the last on the list
of January, 1772. They attacked with
great severity the ministerial measures
of the Duke of Grafton and his col
leagues, on account of their arbitrary
high Tory tendencies. There were
sixty-nine letters in all ; of which
twenty-one were addressed to the prin
ter of the Public .. , I(ircrtixr:r, eleven to
the Duke of Grafton, five to Sir William
Draper. three to Lord Chief Justice
Mansfield, and thezest to a variety of
persons. They are remarkable for the
elegance of their language, the force
of their arguments, the bitterness of
their reproaches, the keenness of their
satire, the extensive information they
display, their fearless tone and their at
tachment to the great principles of the
Constitution of England. In a word,
they must have been the production of
a profound scholar and of an enlighten
ed; statesman. Yet, with all their
merit, they might have passed into the
category of works known only to the
learned but for the impenetrable mys
tery in which they have been shrouded.
The name of the author ,or authors of.
them, if there were more than one,)
though known to several persons, was
never divulged. If It had been, it would
probably have subjetted the owner of it
to the vindictive hatred of the arbitrary
ministers of George the Third, who
would doub,less have found some pre
text for crushing him. But all efforts
to discover the author proved unavail
ing. The secret with rigidly kept, and
it died with those who knew it. There
have been countless edbrts made to dis
cover it, but though some very plausi
ble theories have been advanced, and
supported by what, appears to be fair
evidence, nothing certain has come out
of all this controversy and research.
'l'll, , negative evidence, indeed, is un
deniably strong, and when it is fairly
weighed against the positive, the im
partial inquirer will find himself in the
condition of the donkey between two
loads of hay. Dr. Allibone, in his Die
tionary of Authors (title " Junius,")
gives a list of forty-two persons to whom
the authorship of these celebrated let
ters has been ascribed. The weight of
testimony has been considered to pre
ponderate in „favor of. Fir Philip Fran
cis, a dissolute Mall and a rancorous
politician, who reviled friend and foe
alike, with the exception of the profli
gate John Wilkes, another notorious
politician of that day, with whom "Ju
nius" seems to have been on the best of
terms. Among other proofs adduced in
favor of Francis has been the evidence
of, handwriting, and the professional
expert has been called in to decide the
question. There has been no lack
of materials of this description to
operate upon. In the Chatham Corres
pondence there are many words and
sentences in the known handwriting of
Francis, and they closely resemblesmne
of those in the manuscripts of "Juni
us." But Francis was the hired aman
uensis of Lord Chatham for more than
a year, and therefore wrote many things
of which he was not the author. He
was also a servile tool of Calcraft, Wood,
Ellis and other prominent politicians,
and played "jackal" to them. The first
formal introduction of the professional
expert into the controversy arose in this
manner: In 177 c or 1771, when Junius
was in the fullness of his fame, and
Francis was at Bath, a Miss Giles (after
wards Mrs. Kingi received a copy of
verses ,about sixteen lined, accom
panied by an anonymous note, both
of which came, a., she believed, from
Francis. Itetween forty and fifty
years afterwards, when his name was
publicly associated with Junius, she
produced these documents, and the re
semblance of the anonymous note to
the handwriting of Junius (specimens
of WhICII had been lithographed by
Woodfall, the original pubLisher of the
Letters', induced her brother to get it
lithographed for private circulation. It
attracted some temporary attention, but
it was soon forgotten, and remained so
until IH6H, when the documents came
into possession of Hon. Edward Twis
tleton, who submitted the note to Mr.
Nethercli ft, an expert. That gentle
man at once declared that it was in the
handwriting of Francis. Mr. ,Twistle
ton then till bmittedthe verses to anoth
er expert, a French gentleman, named
Chabot, who reported that they were
not, and could not have been, written
ry Francis. The history of this inves
igation has just been published in Lon
,on, and it reopens the doubts about
, rancis being the real author of Junius.
Regarded economically, a railway is a
hauling machine. Every unnecessary ex
pense put upon this machine adds to the
cost of hauling done by it. This cost comes
out of the people. Every unnecessary cost
in the construction and equipment of rail
ways is a public evil. It mattters not
whether this cost results from blunders in
engineering, blunders in management, or
rascality in operating the road or watering
•the stock, the people have to pay the inter
est on it. In this view why should wo pay
fur building a broad-gunge if a narrow
gunge will do all he work likely to be re
quired ? Evidently it would be a public
wrong for the owners of railway franchise
to build a broad-gauge a hen a narrow
gauge will do the work; and the public
gave a right to see that It is done, and to
hold those who thus prepare needless bur
dens responsible for it. The question
comes up, therefore, with every new rail
way line, and should be asked by the peo
ple, Will a narrow-gauge do the work ?
The data for this answer aro to be sought
in reason and experience; but I will ask,
Has the most crowded four-foot-sigh t and a
half-inch gauge railway in the United States
more work than it can do? If that line of
road with this gauge, which hill the great
est traffic in the world, does less than it
rian s , , ,and yet carries live times as much
freight over each mile as does the 1111151
heavily-worked road in the United States
why does the latter need so much more ca
pacity than it has work? If the heaviest
worked road in our country has ten times
as much to do as the average of roads in
The Old Liberty Bell." new countries can expect for the next
A cortespondent suggests the pnbli- twenty years, why should they be made
cation of au account of the old "Li her- cost so much? Why should our new road
be constructed with a carrying capacity lit
ty Bell," now in Independence Hall,
L times greater than the Work they will la
and in conformity to his request, the ?ailed up o n do? Any man who can show
following extract from " Watson's An- that they should be so construc'ed, cal
nals of Philadelphia," is furnished to- prove that one ought to got a six-horse
day : Concord coach to give a baby an airing.
" The fact concerning the bell first set W. S. Bus cc RA
up' ii the steeple if we regard its after- San Rafael, June, 14 Iti7l.
history) bus something peculiar. It was How to get Hick.
of itself not a little singular that thebell, In a recent speech at the Cooper Union,
when first set up, should in its colonial in New York, Mr. Peter Cooper, its Mon
character had thereon been inscribed der, gave expression to sonic sound ideas
as its motto—' Proclaim liberty through- about the accumulation of property, which
out the land, and to all the people there- Ivo commend to the attention °lour readers.
of:'But it is still stranger and de- He said that he had early learned the lesson
serves to be often remembered, that It that "the hand of the diligent maketh
h " and proceeded to ascribe the posses
was the first in Philadelphia, and from s r i c on ' of the wealth heowned primarily to the
the situation of Congress, then legisla- habits of patient industry which he bad
Ling beneath its peals,it was also the first formed at the outset of his career. ' , rem
in the United Mates to proclaim by his early youth he had avoided, lie affirm
ringing the news of ' the Declaration of ed, alchoholfc liqnors and the Incurring of
Independence !"Fhe coincidences are debt, and ho had always made it a rule to
certainly peculiar, and could be ampli- endeavor to keep a little ready money on
tied by a poetic imagination into many hand. In addition he bad essayed to ad
singular relations. vance himself in knowledge, and asserted
that it was in the efforts that he was txmi
" This bell was imported from pelted to make In this direction in his
land in 1751. for the State House, but youth, that he formed the resolution to
having met with sonic accident in the found an institution at which the young
trial-ringing after it was landed, it lost people of the workingclasses could acquire
its tones received in the Fatherland and that acquaintance with their business and
had to be conformed to ours by a re- with science which is absolutely indispen
casting ! This was done under the di- sable to success in life. He paid an exceed
rection of 1 . -sac Norris, Esq., the then ingly warm tribute to his wife, who, he
d had been industrious , wise,
to
of the Colonial Assembly, and sa .. • .
to him we are probably indebted for the faithful and a ff ectionate; and he gave al
sreo earnest counsel to his hearerson evils
remarkable motto so indicative 'of its salting from the combination of capital
future use. That it was adopted from lets and laborers, when arrayed angrily
Scripture Lev. (XXV. 10) may to many against each other. He believed that re
lic still more impressive, as being also form, to beef any permanent value, must
the voice of God, of that Great Arbiter, be based on personal virtue, and bethought
by whose signal providence we after- that the millennium would not be far off
wards attained to that 'liberty' and self- when individuals set about attempting to
government which bids fair to emanci- reform themselves rather than society
pate our whole continent, and hi time
to influence and meliorate the condition
lie was never suspected by his contem
poraries of being so. lie was first put
forward as such in 1513, by Mr. Taylor
after which Francis " played Junius"
to everybody. But Pitt had long pre
viously told Lord Aberdeen (the late
Premier of England) that both he and
his father Lord Chatham) knew who
OMR=
le author was, and that it was not
rinds.
The Right [Lou. Thomas Grenville
told his nieces, as a matter of personal
knowledge, that not ow; of the persons
who had been mentioned as J unius was
that writer. Soon after the publication
of the Diary of a Lady of (pality—a
short time ago—Lady Grenville sent
wort to the editor, who had mentioned
the su hject therein, that Lord Grenville
had told her he knew who wrote the
Junius letters, and that it was not
Francis. But the strongest evidence
against Francis is that he did not pos
sess learning and ability sufficient to en
able him to write the letters. But why
the mystery should still be maintained,
now that a century has elapsed, and all
the parties concerned have long since
died off, is inexplicable.—Philadelphia
dyer.
of the subjects of arbitrary government
throughout the civilized world. *
"It was stated in the letters of Isaac
Norris that the bell got cracked by a
stroke of the clapper when hung np to
try the sound. Pass & Stow undertook
to recast it, and on this circumstance
Mr. Norris remarks: `They have made
a good bell, which pleases me much that
we should first venture upon and suc
ceed in the greatest bell, for ought I
know, in English America--surpassing,
too (he says), the imported one, which
was too high and brittle [sufficiently
emblematic ] The weight was 2080 lbs."
At the time the British were expected
to occupy:Philadelphia in 1777. the bell,
with others, was taken from the city to
preserve them from the enemy. At a
former period, say in 1774, the base of
the wood-work of the steeple was found
in a state of decay, and It was deemed
advisable to take it down, leaving only
a small belfry to cover the bell for the
use of the town clock. It so continued
until public feeling being much in favor
NUMBER 28
former character (as seen when it be
came the Hall of independence,) a new
steeple was again erected as much liita
the former as circumstances would
admit.
The chamber in which the Represen
tatives signed the memorable Declara
tion, on the eastern side, first door, we
are sorry to add, Is not in the primitive
old style of wainscotted and panelled
grandeur in which it once stood In np•
propriate conformity with the remains
still found in the great entry and stair
way. On the occasion of the reception
of General La Fayette, In 152.4, all the
former interior furniture of benches and
forms occupying the door were removed,
and the whole urea was richly car
peted and furnished with numerous
mahogany chairs, ea.—Phila. Lrilgr r.
Spirited German Girls
A charming way to ring out an old
fashion and ring in a new, was that
adopted by some young ladies of Berlin
with reference to the chignon. The na
tional spirit now at white heat In (ler
many Is, If anything, more ardent
among the women than the men, as in
deed It always has been and will lie the
world over. So the fair patriots resolve
to reflect more of the fierinan national
ity In their dress and abandon and
henceforth ignore Freneh fashions, but
more especially the really odious chig
non. Accordingly the sixty young lu•
dles,daughtere of the wealthiest citize n s,
who wereseleeted to welcome the return
ing army at the Bradenburg gate, had a
meeting In which the question of their
attire was settled. It was that of Mar
garet In Kaulbach's sketch of her first
meeting with Faust, which has been
thoroughly identified with the Germain
maiden in all art and especially familiar
ized of late by the "Margueritas" or the
stage. Two plaits of their own hair
hanging down the back was to be
indispensable, and they were pledged
mutually and to the municipal author
ities on Ito account to use false Indr.—
Thesesixty wealthy young ladles ought
certainly to be more than a match for
one Empress, and she not so nmeh of
an Empress us she was, arid they will
receive the congratulations of the entire
world if they carry the day against false
hair.
The impression which generally prevails
that clerical gentlemen, as a class. are sadly
deficient in worldly wisdom, is hardly
borne out by facts. On the contrary,
scarcely a day passes that we do not read
of some noteworthy exhibition of business
capacity by a clergyman of one denomina
tion or another; and now from St. Louis
we get an account Of a stroke of brilliant
livanciering which Is certainly worthy the
genius cif a lick or a Vanderbilt. There
has been a great mercantile excursion from
lowa to St. Louis, and the excursionists
had a very nice time of It. The business
men of that ambitious and enterprising
city are fully alive to the advantages to be
derived from extending their trade; and
when it was announced that the leading
merchants of lowa were to visit them in a
body, the most extensive preparations
were made to give their mercantile guests
such a reception as should leave a lasting
and favorable impression on their minds.
In due season the excursionists arrived,
and certainly they had no reason to find
fault with their greeting. They were
wined and dined to their hearts' content,
driven about to view all the lions of
the city, and not allowed to spend a dollar
while they were in town. It is true that
the citizens were a little disappointed in
the appearance of the mercantile represen
tatives of lowa. Some of them were very
young; but then they considered that in
new countries enterprise shows itself early.
Some of them were rather rough ; but the
refinements of cities were not to inc expected
from the den izens of a newly opened State.
So the good people of St. Louis laid them
selves out to make their visitors happy, and
succeeded admirably. After all was over,
it was discovered that an enterprising cler
gyman of Bloomfield was the originator of
this very successful affair. There was a
debt resting on his church edifice, and the
happy thought struck him of organizing a
mercantile excursion to St. Louis at so
much per head, devoting the proceeds
over and above the coots of the train to
the liquidation of his society's indebted
ness. By making public the informa
tion that St. Louis would throw her
doors wide open to the party, the Rever
end gentleman had no difficulty in get
ting up a larger crowd than he could well
provide for, including clerks, shop-boys,
farm-laborers, and every body else who
could raise live dollars for his railroad
ticket. As has been said, his success was
triumphant ; he realized full fifteen hun
dred dollars from his novel scheme. But
the St. Louis folks say the next time the
reverend gentleman wishes to raise money,
he will oblige thorn by stating the amount,
and they wid immediately send it to him,
and so save him the trouble of getting up
any more excursions.—S. Y. Sun.
Gen. Roneerana on the Narrow-tionar
[From the Alta California. J
A Moo Shoots Himself while Demo
striding How Mr. Voiloodighom Hi
ed Himself.
The Cincinnati Gazette of the 29th ult.
says:
A messenger arrived in great haste at
Hamilton yesterday, abont 1 o'clock, for
medical assistance, stating that a German
farm laborer had shot himself in the side
with a pistol, and that he was In a dying
condition. He said the accident occurred
at the residence of Watt Carr, about three
miles east of Hamilton ; that Mr. Carr was
doing some harvesting, and the hands
about noon were sitting on the porch at
their leisure, just after dinner. The man
who shot himself had a -pistol belonging to
some one, and was flourishing It around In
a careless manner, when one of the boys
remarked to him to be careful or he would
shoot himself. He replied by saying that
he would show them how Vallandigham
shot himself, and immediately proceeded
to illustrate the manner In which the pis
tol was held, with the hammer raised and
half out of his pocket. In an instant the
weapon was discharged, the contents lodg
ing in the bowels of the careless demonstra
tor.. He fell as one dead. His companions
picked him up and carried him into the
houte, the' crimson tide flowing in torrents
The Hurdle Race at Long. Ilraneh*llow
the President Spent the Fourth.
4301,cr i rrant spent tbe Fourth In attend -
mead ti the' races 'at tatuitl hratibh.—
The hurdle race was very exciting, two of
the riders being thrown and some of the
horses much injured. it Is thtisdeacribeti.
The start was in the field, , behind the
judge's stand, and the horses ail , off in a
southerly direction; Oysterman Jr., taking
the lead, Vesuvius second,, , ft. B. Connolly
third, Duffy.fourth, Tammany fifth and
Julius sixth. The first Obstacle they met
with was a formidable wall,. made of sod,
but looking very much like a stone wall.
Oysterman, Jr., Was first over, Duffy sec
ond, R. B. Connolly third, Tammany
fourth, Julius fifth and Vesuvius sixth.
They then jumped a fence, Oysterman be
ing the first one over, closely followed by
Duffy, Tammany third, Julius fourth, Ve
snyins fifth, R. B. Connolly sixth. The
horses then crossed the track and entered
the outer field, running to the north. They
met a tones and then a wall. Vesuvius
was now leading, Dully second, Tammany
and Oysterman head and head, Julius
fifth and It. B. Connolly sixth. The horses
then run ou down a hill to a ditch in the hol
low, and acending the hill had to encoun
ter a wall. Vesuvius leading, Tam
many second, Dully third, Oysterman
fourth, Julius fifth and R. 11. Connolly
sixth. They then went down ft , hill and
Jumped another ditch, where Julius threw
his rider, and that finished him in the race.
This ditch is out of sight from the grand
stand. After this they came into the Inner
field. Vesuvius leading, Tammany second,
Duffy third, Oysterman, Jr., fourth, R. B.
Connolly fifth. 'They then had two walls
to jump as they faced the grand stand, and
there was no change of place. The next
was the greatest jump of the race, a brush
fence and water leap. When they came to
this Vesuvius led three lengths, Duffy
second, Tammany third, Oysterman,
Jr., fourth, It. B. Connolly fifth.—
The horses all passed over safely and
bounded off to the south, where they pass
ed over the wall, then the two fences on
each side of the track and Into the outer
field, when they closed up finely together.
They then passed user it wall and wont
down the hill to another, when Vesuvius
struck it and threw his rider, which put all
end to his chances ill the chase. Oyster
man now went to the front, and passed
user the two ditches In the hollow, and en
tered the Inner field again on the lower
turn. They then coursed up towards the
stand and Juan pod two walls, at the hod fine
of which Tammany tell heavily and lay
there leaving the race to be deckled by
Oysterman, Duffy and Connolly. Duffy
now went to the trent, followed by Oyster
man, Jr., anti they emus up anti took the
hedge and water leap in fine style. Dully
then went away and took the wall, and then
Jumped the fence into the regular track
leading Oysterman two lengths, the latter
being three lengths ahead el B. 11. Connol
ly. They ran along the track until they
rams to the hurdle stationed near the ball
mile polo, Duffy gelng.ever It two lengths
in advance el Oysternian, 11. 11. Connolly
half a dozen lengths behind. Oysterman
111011 il)rel.4l the pace lied tried to overtake
Dully, and lie succeeded 111 closing up some
of the day-fight, bill 15 aura they got lido
the hour stretch Deily shook him off again
. -
ud aireirml tiro ;zap wider than It had boon
rerwttsly. It WILY ovitiont that Unity Wri4
Ira best horse at I.llls 111011101 It. Ho carno
up the hotnekt,tch seemingly a winner to
all eyes, but ns ho approached the hurdle
about midway tip the stretch, he olouocl so
near the fen,' that as ho jumped the bur
die his near fore leg wont over on the
wrong side of the fence, which broke down
and tumbled the horse and rider to the
ground. The rider was stunned, but not
U red, while the horse was
bud y and, it is feared, fatally wounded,
the broken rail cf the (once having pone•
trate,' his breast. After the fall of Dully,
uysternian canto on, jumped the hurdle
and went in a winner of the race. It. It
Connolly rail in aecond, about fifteen
lengths behind. When Um rider of Tam
many discovered that Duffy had fallen he
again mounted the horse, and taking up
the rare where be fall, he wont on, and go
ing the rounds over the walls and fences
'sine home soils to win third money. Time
of the chose, hale.
El=
Many of our roadors are acquainted with
Dr. 1l um uumd'a rocent valuable paper on
. . -
" Confession as a Test of Crime," to which
we called attention at the time of Its pu bl I
cation. A case which recently occurred In
England curiously illustrates the position
taken in that essay. It was a murder case
tiled before Mr. Justice Bytes. The pris
oner was a mere lad, Claude Scott NVorley,
who, on March 17, had surrendered volun
tarily, admitting that he murdered at
trout pion, on August 13 last, an old pot
unto, known as " old Jack." Tho prison
er's physical antecedents induced a NUSpi -
don or mental disorder. Ills family were
hypochondriac, and lie hlinself bad an
attack or brain-fever ten years ago, There
were no corroborating circumstances of
any value to support the confession and
opposed to it there are HUM() strong facts.
The only corroborative circumstances wore
that the potman's book was rollild doubled
up as if the quarrel in which ho died were
about 5011113 accounts, and Worley was in
his debt, a fact which agreed with the pris•
oner's statement that the quarrel was about
some food and beer supplied to him by the
murdered man. All this, the Spectator
points out, Wan known at the time of the
murder, and would have been fixed on by
a morbid mind. The other fact is that about
the time of the murder the prisoner was
II unit of cash, but this is satisfactorily ex
plained on other grounds, so that Mr. Jus
tice By ins, who regarded the verdict as
sound, declares that except the confession
there was scarcely more than a suspicion
against the prisoner. The strong point
against his con fOSSiOII wan that the plaster
er's hammer with which the murder wan
committed COU Id not be found at all, much
less in the place where ho said he left it—
that is, in the grate of the room in, which
the man was killed. Another object was
that no blood could be traced on his clothes,
although there was evidence of a terrible
and bloody struggle at the scene of the
murder, and the prisoner was a weak lad,
entirely unable to cope in a desperate
"trugglu with the murdered man. Further,
the footsteps in the room did notagree with
those the prisoner. The whole case
against him is wel ‘ l summed up by the
Sprrtator, which maintains that while ono
cannot allirm that he is innocent no one
can say that his uncorroborated confession
is evidence of his guilt. Prom the days of
Calphurnius Fiaecus to those of Dr. Wm.
A. Hammond such confessions have been
always looked on with suspicion, and Lord
Stowell declares that " confession is a spe
cies of evidence which, though not inad
missible, is to be regarded with great dis
trust. Cason of this kind of hallucination
are extremely numerous. Ono was fur
nished in the ease of the murder of the Cap-
Lain of the Ilermione frigate, when six
sailors asserted that they struck the first
blow to the murdered officer, although It
was demonstrable thatthoy never even saw
him. In the Talbot ease very many of
these cases have been mentioned, and there
seems no reason at all why the confession
fml Worley should have been received with
out corroborating testimony.
'1 he Prexbyteriwn llottpltal
On Saturday afternoon a large number
of ladies and gentlemen assembled in the
beautiful grove in the roar of the grounds
lately owned by Dr. Staunders In West
Philadelphia, for the purpose of witnessing
the transfer of the property to trustees rep
resenting the Presbyterian churches of our
city. The occasion Wittlone of unusual in
terest to our community at large and espe
cially to our Presbyterian friends, as It Is
proposed to establish n hospital under the
auspices and control and to be sustained
by that largo weaithy denomination. The
imam of the institution Is to be "The Pres
byterian Hospital of Philadelphia."
Whilst it will be Presbyterian in name Its
doors aro at all times to be wide open for
the sick and sidloring of all denominations
without regard to nationality or color.
It will be organized on principles of the
most liberal and large-hearted Christian
benevolence. Its field of usefulness will be
widely extended, and the resulta or Ita
uharicy will undoubtedly be moot bone-
tidal. With perhaps but one exception,
the Presbyterians as a denomination have
no other institution of the kind under their
control. The individual members of the
Church have contributed largely to the
building and support of such charities, but
until recently the Church, as an organized
body, has not felt called upon to occupy
this field or benevolence. The movement
is, In all respects, commendable; and It
should be a source of pleasure and pride to
the people of Philadelphia that this Impor
tant movement has been inaugurated In our
city, where its blessed work will bo to
"heal the sick" and pour the oil of Chris
tian consolation into the weary heart of
many a poor wanderer and outcast, who,
her from friends and home, must nuffer and
die among strangers.—Phut. Evening Tele
graph.
I rE=3
The Ex-Polltlehane rand the People of
It=l
The attempt of the northern Radicals to
manufacture political capital against the
South, to be used in the approaching cam
paign, out of the egotistic utterances of a
few ex-political chiefs of the past period,
has been signally foiled by their Inability
to produce train Southern Journals or any
other manifestations of popular (sentiment,
the slightest evidence of approval of these
omissions of ancient politicians, who have
been long since consigned to history.
On the contrary, the tone of the press and
the people in the South has been condemna
tory of these infelicitous declarations. They
and their titterers are respectfully disown
ed as authorized exponents of the present
sentiment of the people. They till niches
in the temple of history, not places in the
present movement of popular ideas and re
gards.
The people of the South area gallant,
generous and magnanimous race. They
are charitable, considerate and tender to
those whose past services have evinced
earnestness and devotion to their Cause
and rights (often however marred and mis
directed by human weakness), trut they are
also independent, sell-reliant .and jealous
of all attempts to lead them against their
convictions and honest impulses.
Hence the connset and appeal of such
distinguished ex-chiefs as 'Davis, Toombs,
and Stephens have not been accepted by .
them. They have not the slightest idea of
reviving the dismal past, alighting over
the ancient ;Issues, or re-opening old and
cicatriced wounds, and of placing thousands
at the beck and command ot ambitions
chiefs, to be led into and 'through another
wretched and disastrous cdontest with the
inevitable.
During a serenade at San Francisco
on Saturday evenlog to Newton Booth,
the Republican candidate for Governor,
Charles Hind was run over and killed