' LANCASTER INTELLIGENCEIL
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I. SMITH. A. J. STEINMAN.
EMS—Two Dollars per annum payable
I COACH In advance.
R LANCASTER DAILY INTELLIGENCRR IS
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r annum In advance.
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RE.
Vortrp.
13=
Smile tiny In Hnrnig?
\Via , . earl li is bright and glad
When wild birds sing,
And fewest hearts are
Shall I dlr taco :'
Ali, Me! no rna , ll•l . when;
ItIIOW It will 1/- , SWI,I
TO lII,r home of men
To ITSL The !old--
1:111.1•1:in11 Itlt, Thy Iv , .
In Illy lionit—oh! nls 1:1..1
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Whea all till. a ll I , Sing song.
Vilell Inn/
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hall 1 Illt•t!
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Jl-lis'rclancow3.
31:kg::iCh tirrrr[
" AL\ itl;l.‘ , ; F:.—Tlit• groat a,ti,,l,r.ter
id return a eorreet
i ketiess of your (unite partied upon re.
rill of :lost:twits. :tge, cunt sex
lao given, with a slight description I
if personal .I.lress
lorgani,"
"And Hid.. is yoar ailverti•entent,
lorgan 11,well I suspeet your dupes
:re pritodpally old maids :Hid school-
The speal:td, a young loan about live
:rid-twenty, threw dawn the local paper
villi a Merry peal of lawrditer. lie was
'cry Innidsoine, with lined:irk eyes, that
liarkled lieileath the long lashes with
.thnost boyish glee. The person ail-
Iressial, kill II in the advertising col
umns signor INlorgani, was no other
than a cellain plain i\lorgan, :L
regular slipshod, careless fellow, who,
after Irving 1111 11111111 at various trades,
:old holing in all, 11:111 Itit upon
Ilse abler 1111011', \Odell gratilied his
indolent di-position by calling forth
little exert ton save the exercise of that.
literal ingenuity ..r ,vhieh he 1 ,,,,,,5ed
a large share. Ile hail formerly been a
school friend J:.•: carietffics, 11.1111,
an hour or two before the opening or
this story, hail fallen iu \yin' hint on his
return front a prolonged i•iiiithiental
lour, undertaken nominally For the 1i0n
,.111 a hi, ',Att., lon wore p.i.isibly to
help to gel rid or the large 1111•111111. 10 . 1
him bj his lather.
The young 1111.11 10111 crisped 11:111,1,4
1.4 I ial ly eunuch when they Ida..gni/..1
each tither, 'awl soon :direr to
the lodgings of 1•1 iclll 11. LW(
11V1.'1' Old i11111•S.
It was during . M,rer:tu run
hided to his friend leis pre,elll motto or
living, with strict hijiitieliom to heel, it
a profound score! ; " of emirse, you
„hi it might
prove my ruin ir
.hurl:, In,wevrr, ili,l net how leis
friend 111/1111111il ill a greater state of ruin
than he appeared to lie It present.
y ou were always a good-Mr-mulling
scamp, Tom," said he.
":\ titl you were always:; Itit•lty (log,
.lack," [rcturin•ll Tom. " Ity-the-by,
what are you going In Flu with yon rset
this Chrisimas*'
" to spend it in the style
in the jolliest iii ? in Christendom,"
replied Jack. " They have not seen :Ile
at. Barry I 101 l for eb4lll years, and I ex
pect grandmother and the rest of them
will gn mad will+ joy when I 111,, I++' lnY
sudden appear:no, there."
\vitt, this: iboiering eonelii.ion Mr.
Jack Carleton elevatt•tl hlis eg-until his
feet reposed on the maittel•pleee.
"'Sarre-Holt-:\ tailor, ill Nottingham
shire inquired the signor suddenly.
The very same, old boy," said his
companion. " Why do you ash:" ..
" Only that I had a Iviter from there
to•day," replied Tom
"A letter! what :Moor:" inquired
Jack yyillt innocent coolness.
"NVlty,conctuming my advertisement
of course," iinswered Tom, rumntadiup
among some papers.
" one of my grit inliat her's guests
f suppose, ill fora lark," said .lack
his
"It is not a man," rt•plied Tom ;
signs herself 'Maggie I tarton.' "
"Maggie Barton !" exclaimed Jack.
"I
{UMW 111,r—l11 least I did. :May 1
read it he asked eagerly.
It was a short letter, in a girlish had
writing, describing lier-elf as tall and
alight, ‘villi golden hair and hazel eyes,
and requesting to be favored with II
ir a irile. ( frivi,itc of course. Enelosed in
the envelope was the fee of 'lll stamps.
Carleton held the letter up before his
eyes long after he had read it. The
writer's name," " Barton," was
associated with a very pleasant picture
in this ye ung man's mild. Long ago,
on a bright summer day, in the woods,
the sunlight glancing thrmigli the
boughs fell on the gay figures of a pic
nic party. I hie figure in particular
seemed very plain in Ids memory ; it
was that of a girl about years uhl,with
her golden hair falling from the broad
brim of a :mil hat with blue ribbons.
the could see her distinctly now.
graceful figure, raised tut tip toe to reach
some unattainable 'lower or fruit, the
white aril reaching high, the beseech
tug eyes under the shadow or the hat—
and this was Maggie Barton ! Then lie,
a tall lad of 17, easily reaching the cov
eted treasure, caught the wilful beauty
by the hair, saying: "You owe me it
kiss for this, Maggie. \Vitt you pay ine
whenever I chose to claim it'!"
"I pay you a dozen, if you like, Jack,"
was the careless reply, as she broke away .
and joined her companions.
__But the very next dity.litek departed,
+ without his kiss for a Continental edu
cation; and, as you see, Maggie Bar
ton's came was almost one of the lirst
to cross his path on •liis return.
And so she was one of his grandfath
er's guests at Barby, and he (Jack)
would see her in less than 4S hours; and
standing there, with-her letter In his
hand, u scheme entered this young
man's head worthy of such a reckless
fellow as he was.
"I'll do it," he thought. " I don't
VOLUME 72
care for any one else,
and of course she
is not engaged, or why did she answer
such an advertisement?"
- _ _
" Morgan," lie said, suddenly,
you do me a favor."
" Anything you like," replied the sig.
nor, in a pre-occupied tone.
Jack drew an envelope from his pock
et, and selecting one likeness of himself
from about a dozen he laid it on the ta
ble.
"Morgan," said he " I want you to
send this to Miss Barton, in answer to
her application; and I mean it elmll
come true, old boy."
It was Christmas eve, and Miss Mag
gie Burton was putting the last touches
to her evening toilet for the forthcom
ing bull. She was tall, and ycu would
think stately, till you saw her face;
and then the piquant expression of her
hrown eyes and the demure laughter of
the red lip, led you to suppose she was
more merry than dignified ; during a
whole evening, I am sorry to say you
would he compelled to acknowledge her
a little " fast."
;.-itt had dismissed her maid, and with
her pretty head a little on oneside, was
trying the effect of a scarlet geranium
among the ambrosial puffs of hair. Of
etturse, Miss Barton wore a chignon—
:ill young ladies do now-a-days—and it
long curl behind her left ear. Present
ly the geranilllll was settled satisfacto
rily, and, witn a quick movement,
Maggie ra,..t,hed the door, anti drew
from beneath a hook eover a ',it!,
and the gentleman on the raid
was Mr. Jack Carleton.
But, of ~ourse, >laggie dill not know
t Tho very existence of sueli a per-
..1)11 hall 1. , 11g ago escapt.ll Iter memory ;
and even had she rgiuttitillt•rgil tlig name
it have heel' difficult to tt , ,ociate
•triitlitig of glatitllather's
‘lll Hoy znountachud, youtlg
11.111:111 loclore
i I.oth lie %vas elegant. Loaning
~ 311• i 3 031,31 pode,tal, upon the top
ot nlHoh rope-d the weal elyliah of
NVW-111.If 1•01111,:illy With a grave-
fill vit.-, aIII
i/1/1/1.1 . 0,` tilled iv i lii till
liss sitrycycil it
"St. nil, is future liiishantl, ae
eording to the astrologer." said Miss
Barton. "'file gypsy Ivoinan said I
should marry a curate. Pshaw! what
an idiot I ant to have written stu•h it
Fool's letter! I dare say I :un doped
along with wary tqlitos , . I wish I bud
It is a good thing none of
the girls know it. (11 emir:4e I tllll a
dupe, :11111 I suppose that the very exis
teitz,e t his piece ol• elegance is a myth.
:\ lore fool 1 !"
The Wt. NV:LS held Off to Vie Wed
ill 11 wore favoralde lig lil. " \'ery good
curtainly!"
, .
NVith atiffilier 1,1.11.•(•,1 it be
t \vecti the pngcs of a I.arn.,
lout.
There were merry doings at Ilarbv
Holt that night. :-',quire Martin lirrrby,
or Grandfather I:arby, as the young
people --eh ildren of his many SOIN alld
daughters—always called the old gen
tleman, and Lady Vrsula, his high
bred, genial dame, always gathered a
large circle around them at Christina:. 1
:\ml where eruld you spend a jollier
Christmas than at the Alanor: And
Wlll,l4ifild Make such 111111C(...piVA and
turkey-stulling as g,randmother's old
housekeeper aVSarby
\Veil, as I said, there were grand do
ings at the Miinor on Christmas eve.—
Lady I rents, in her black velvet and
Mechlin lace, and the Squire in his low
shoes and silver buckles, led ow the
stately country-dance from the lop of
the hall ; the married sons and daugh
ters came nest; then the young people,
the Vltildrelyilld"gralldfather'SgUeStS,"
as all WllO were not related were styled
by the rest.
'Fite dancing was at its height; the
holly and ivy quivered On the panels,
and the oak floor was becoming more
and moreslippery; when, unannounced,
and with a powdering or snow on hi*
cloak, a tall figure dashed among the
dancers, seized the squire's hand and
wrung it violently, fell n o r Dame Crsu
la's neck, and gave her a hearty kiss be
bire any rile had time to think what the
disturbance court be about.
lint the squire's eyes were keen, and
after the first moment he returned the
grasp with a hearty "God bless you, my.
trrry ! welcome home !" and "welcome to
grandson,' • said the kindly voice
or Dame l'l'Slllll, albeit some tears or joy
sbour in her soft eyes.
" Cousin Jack ! Cousin Jack!" came
from t wooly mouths, and the favorite
.•rtitbuin threw asidu his cloak, and
thing :sway his hat to shake hands with
:ill the :Mitts anti uncles, and manj,. of
the guests who remembered him.
And one of these guests, seated under
the holly decorations of a great oak
tautel, leaned her white, tensor-stricken
btce against tile woodwork, :mil pressed
her slender gloved hand against a heart
heating strangely I . :14.
" \Vltat tutu it mean?" she thought.
" Why am I so struck at the appearance
of an titter stranger?"
And yet it twit not a stranger. 'rite
face of the favored grandson was the
one whose image lay beneath the leaves
of her ham, up-stairs. Alt, Maggie, it
is dangerous to have dealings with as
trolgers. Hero was the girl who had
answered a mysterious advertisement
for mere ion's sake, astonished and ter
rified beyond measure at what seemed
the sudden realisation of the a , trologer's
mute prophecy.
Not the folds of her crepe dress looked
whiter than tier face; all the joy of the
Christmas party was gone for her, and
a sickly feeling of superstitious terror
possessed her. The spirited girl was
now a faint, drooping figure, with only
just strength enough to creep tip stairs
to her bed-room, where she crouched
down before the lire, a crumpled mass
of white lace and clinging crepe, shiver
ing with fright at every wail of the win
try wind howling around the house.
" tilt that I hail never written to that
terrible astrologer—that horrid, myste
rious man. Fancy the very person ap
pearing in my path—the very person!
I declare I .should have known him
:MmHg a thousand, though he is not ter
rible, for he looks very nice. OM it is
dreuliul! I have heard of such things
as fates in the stars, told by wise men,
Ilia I never believed it. I do now,
though. lloW fortunate it ist hat nobody
knows it ! I will take good care they
never do."
With the thrilling secret at her heart,
Maggie sat and shivered another twenty
minutes. 'Then came footsteps, followed
by a troop of girls rushing
.• Why, Maggie, where have you
been .." cried one. ".,We wanted you
for a cushion-dance."
" uh Maggie, where :ire you? Have
setagralMpapa's pet—such t ro
mantie stir when lie arrived!" exclaim
ed a rosy gill, with forget-me-nots in
in her hair.
" And he's adorable !" said a third.
" He's a dear," chimed in another.
' lle's the tutu of grancifather's eldest
daughter, and she is dead, so the old
gentleman thinks worlds of him," said
a matter-01-fact young lady, adjusting
her chignon. " I have hearth he is a
terrible scamp," said :mother.
" Rubbish ' said another. "lle is a
regular jolly fellow, Mary. I never saw
such eyes; altd he gaZes so anxiously
around, one would think he was looking
for som e Pod
And so he was, you know, reader.
The girls' lingers had been as busy as
their tongues; and wreaths being settled
to their satisfaction, they made a move
to go down for snap-dragons ; and Miss
Barton, with the awful secret locked in
her breast, went too, for fear of exciting
,urprise.
Meanwhile Mr. Jae.; Carleton was in '
his element. All the time he was join
ing in the dancing and games his eyes
were diligently searching .among the
guests for the siguor's fair correspond
ent. A dozen times he thought he re
cognized her in some l'air yellow-haired
sly, till some unfamiliar feature alter
ed his opinion. " I'm sure I should
know her," he said to himself, though
all the girls are exactly alike."
Mr. Carleton's eyes, therefore, did
double duty; and presently, when a
pale girl, with a drooping geranium in
her hair, entered in the rear of a dozen
more, down went Mr. Carleton's glass
of sherry ; and, forgetting the lady by
his side and Lindley Murray, an ener
getic " That's her!" burst from his lips.
"'That's who, Mr. Carleton?" inquir
ed his astonished companion.
"'That': Why—she—will you take
sonic negus, Mrs. Alterton ?" he said,
suddenly recollecting, but his eyes were
following Miss Barton, and he scarcely
heard the reply. "'That's her I—yes, I
am sure of it. How scared she looks !
There's something unpleasant on her
mind, I conclude. She's very pretty
though. I wonder if she has got my
carte. Ha! ha! what a spree ! Lemon
ade " Yes, madam, I'll fetch you
some." And he darted away, fully de
termined not to return to that part of
the room for some time.
A servant was standing near the door
and Mr. Carleton addressed him in an
undertone.
" What's the name of that young lady
standing near the fire-place and talking
to my grandmother ?'
" With the red flower in her hair, sir?
That's Miss Barton, sir. She came in
with Mr. Frances and his daughters.—
She was here last Christmas, sir."
Jack worked his way dexterously
round the room ; and by the time he was
within ear-shot of the young lady there
was a cry to .put out the light for snap
dragons; and while they went out with
a whiff, a sharp spring placed him at
her side. " Miss Barton—Maggie—how
do you do
There was a little glow from the lire,
just enough for him to see the shiver his
words caused. She raised her dark eyes,
with a shade of displeasure overcoming
her fear ; but of course he could not see
that, and lie continued to murmur un
intelligible nothings till, in common
politeness, she was bound to murmur
unintelligible nothings back again. But
of course the ice had to he broken. "I
shall arrive at the deep waters of friend
ship by-and.by," said Mr, Carleton to
himself Ile was apt to be carried away
by poetical enthusiasrmat times.
A few more sentenceii;and then,while
the rest were pressing round the bure
t ing dish, Jack made a bold stroke.
"Do you know you owe me a kisa,
Miss Barton
. ..
The experiemte of the last few hours
had already reduced lutr to a state of
mute resignation. -Nothing he could
say would much astonish her cr HOW=u, v
11) this remarkable question she Only
answered " .1/0 I •."'
" Do you ? why yes, Maggie.
you remember Jack Carkton ?"
" Are--you—Jack—Carleton t"' came
from lips that were returning to their
natural color.
" Yes, indeed!" he replied. " Ain 1
so much altered ?" Perfect astonish
ment and silent,. " And you ()we me
a kiss," Jaek continued; " you re
member that, don't you, Maggie? I'm
going to have it now."
Quick as thought, an impromptu kiss
was taken in the dark, while the rest
were burning their lingers, and then
shrieking in the usual senseless way
that people do in these days.
\Veil, by degrees Miss Barton became
more reconciled to the existing state of
things; so by the time the blue flame
waxed dim, and the raisins were all
consumed, it seemed the most natural
thing in the world for Mr. Carleton to
place her hand upon his arm, and march
her ,trio a quiet vorridor fora It it.-it-tc/t ,
while the company in the great hall
were nying up and down to the tune of
"The Parson kissed the Fiddler's
Wife."
' What can't be cured must he endured.
Ilene was the young gent leman—a stran
ger for years—taking the most complete
1 - possession of her, and all the time his
likeness was in her _Lair! as that of her
I future husband ; so of course, when after
about two golden hours, spent. in each
other's society, lie requested the honor
of her hand, what could she say but
"yes"—for was not her fate as told by
the stars by a wonderful astrologer:'lif
I course, she said yes.
'[lien, in a perfectly cool manner, ac
quired on the continent, :qr. Carleton
took Miss Barton in to supper, and join
ed the festivity just as it nothing had
happened out of the connuon. lie was
quite satisfied for his part. Maggie Bar
ton was the prettiest girl in the room,
an orphan with three hundred pounds
a year in her own right, and the ward
of Mr. Frances, the husband of the
squire's second daughter. She—Miss
Barton—was the sort of girl fast young
men call "a stunner." She was a pretty
damter, could sing songs of the " Bamy.
()ilea" school in a ringing soprano
I voice, and play all the waltzes of the
season. She was a good skater, could
sit square in her saddle, handle a gun,
or hit the bull's eye three times out of
i four at au archery meeting. .
In fact, I believe, with all his careless
ness, she, was hardly the sort of a girl
Carleton would have chosen for a wife,
had he waited to form an opinion. But
he acted upon impulse; and strange to
say ; he never had occasion to repent,
for Maggie was the sweetest and tender
est of wives. lint her secret was her
!A!!!ret forever.
Some Signs Warranted Not to Fail
A little \\milt nn " .M.,11( . 111
brings together a large amount of
amusing gossip. though we VZLIIII , A. Say
how much you believe of it. 'I'M.. per
snt \VIII Cztrefully study the
wrinkles, furrows, lines, and hollows of
the hand will be able to tell fortunes , as
well as any modern gipsy.
1r the palut of the hand be long, and
the lingers well propArtioned, he., not
soft, but rather hard, it denotes-the per
'4oll to lie ingenious, Chilligeithie, and
given to theft and vice.
If the hands lie hollow, solid, and well
Inuit in the joints, it predicts long life.
hut it .verth Nvart,d, then it denote,
Aloft life.
Observe the linger of Mercury—that
is the middle linger; if the end of it
exceeds the joint of the ring-linger, such
a man will rule in his own house and
his wife will be pleasing, and obedient
to hint; but Hit be short and does not
!Tashi the joint, he will have a shrew,
and she will be boss.
. .
Broad nails show the person to be
bashful, but of a gentle nature.
Narrow nails denote the pk`r , ‘ll to he
inclined to mischief, and to do injury to
Iris neighbors.
Oblique nails signify want of courage.
Little round nails denote obstinacy,
anger and hatred.
If they are crooked at the extremity
they show pride and liereentss.
Round nails shun• a choleric person,
yet S(1011 reconciled, honesty, a lover of
secret sciences.
Fleshy nails (leiwte a person t., be
mild in temper, idle atta lazy.
Pale and black nails denote a person
to be very deceitful to his neighltors,
and subject to many diseases.
Red and marked [talk signify a chol
eric and martial nature, given to cruel
. ty; and as many little marks as there
are sneak so many evil desires.
"King of the Plain," the huge stone
ball of the Dardane' natal
"Mons Meg." If an invading enemy
will only be kind enough to this tri
umph of belligerent art, we think there
'night be a chance of slaughter Ifti both
sides. But what a telescope 'night have
been made for the money, and what dif
ferent sort of " victories" might have
been obtained with that sort of weapon !
The reflection is, we know, ridiculous:
"(ions, drums, anti wounds" absorb the
world.
Extravagance of the Poor
We can excuse the extravagance of
the rich, on the score that it is of great
benefit to the poor; but the extrava
ganee of the poor is to be reprehended
and deplored, and in impart of the world
has it such broad awl ample develop
ment as in San Francisco. It takessucli
queer and reasonable latitudes, too. A
young girl who has beeu the domestic
of a large family marries a young
loan in her own rank of life. and de
pendent upon his daily labor for
his bread, and straightway she sets
up what goes, in the vulgar mind,
for that nondescript—a lady. She who
has done housework all her life for
others, at once assumes that she has no
right to do it for herself. In olden
times a poor couple labored together
to advance their pecuniary interests,
and were not ashamed to live within
their means; they could put by some
thing against sickness and want of
employment. But now it seems to us
that the smaller their income the
greater the swell people try to cut.—
It is no uncommon thing to see the em
ployer and the employed at the same
place of public amusement, and to ob
serve
that in externals the employ
ed seems to be as rich if not richer
than the employer. At the fashionable
lunch-table the 51,000 a-year clerk fares
quite as well as the banker or merchant
who makes almost thatmuch every day.
Out of this desire of poor people to ap
pear as rich as theirreally rich neighbor,
springs a large proportion of the crime
and misery with which our city is bur
thened, and for which theorizing phil
inithropists are endeavoring to find a
remedy. Out of the extravagance of
the female poor comes much of that of
fense which we rank as the opposite of
morality, and the cure of which is also
a puzzle to the men and women who
seek to remove effects without attempt
ing to destroy causes.
LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING APRIL 19, 1871
Reformed Voting
The Free Vote In Eoronghtt
, SPe , ch of C. R. Buckaten , , in the .S'enate
Penn.xyleania, Monday Evening, .ila rcA
•a, Ib7l.
Agreeably to order the Senate resumed
the third reading and consideration of an
act for the further regulation of boroughs.
Mr. Buckalew being entitled to the floor,
said : Mr. Speaker, in rising to speak upon
this bill I desire to make a single observa
tion of an introductory character. I came
to this Senate to serve during my present
term thr no purpose except to advocate and
support electoral reform. Other objects
were imputed to me, I have been told—ob
jects of personal rivalry :Ind ambition—but
that imputation was wholly false. I
thought, sir, that the attention of the repre
sentatives of the people assembled in the
Legislature should he directed to some
fundamental and searching changes in our
electoral system, which seemed to be de
manded by the interests and %eel fare of our
people.
Now, sir, in the first place, I propose to
call attention very brietty to what has been
done heretofore in this State upon this sub
ject of relorm in the direction indicated by
the pretient bill.
INsPECrolts or ki,tiiirios.
In the Convention of 1 , 37.5, Air. Thomas
Earle, of the county of rhihvielphia, sub
mitted two propositions at ilitlerent times,
With reference to the choice or election offi
cers by the people, Upon the plan of what
is now known as the limited vote. Upon
the 27th duns, Is.h, it I iellieinber the
date correctly, he addressed that Conven
tion at some length in support or his
second proposition. It was then submitted
to a vote and rejected very strongly — by a
vote of, 1 think, over three to one—and the
majority comprised most of the strong
men of the Convention—such men as
Woodward, Sergeant, ForwarAl and others.
The Convention passed oft and nothing
was done. At the session of the Legisla
tor() in the I iovernor of the Common
wealth called attention in his message to
the subject of electoral reform. lie pointed
out Lo the [WO tiuuses that extensive
changes had become necessa r y in our elec
tion laws by reason or the amendments to
the Constitution. Ile pointed out the fart
that extensive frauds Inel taken place at
elections in various parts of the Common
. wealth, and, in short, that our electoral
system had fallen under reproach and
needed amendment. During Ida:course of
the session, Mr. Senator Erown, of Phila
delphia county, turned his attention to this
subject, and, in a Committee of Confer
ence upon the general Election bill of that
year, obtained tile insertion substantially
of the which had been advoca
ted be Mr. Earle, in the Constitutional
Convention the year before, and for which
Mr. I irown himself had voted, he being a
member of that Convention. Well, sir,
that proposition will be Mund among our
statutes as One of the leading and line of the
most inipirtant and useful provisions of
Mu election act of 1s3:1. provides that
each ',Oder, at the tune when election offi
cers are to lie chosen, shall vote for but
one person for Inspector of elections dur
ing the coining year, and that the two can
didates highest in vote shall be declared
elected. Then follows a provision that
each Inspector, so chosen shall appoint a
clerk. The Judge of the election, the
only additional officer, is chosen under the
old plan of the majority vom. That. was
iu Is(it , , and it is to Lie noted that upon de
, bate, this reform was carried in the Senate
by d vote ~f only fifteen to eleven.
ISM this law as to the manner of choosing
election officers has continued to the pres
ent Linn . , a period of over thirty years, and
it is well known that it is 111.nd salutary in
operation antfinost satisfactory to the peo
ple. Ido not know what the whole num
ber of election districts in the State is at
the present time; iu ISs the number a lit
tle exceeded one thousand. 1 suppose the
Illllllber uuw exceeds two thousand, and
it happens under this law that nineteen
twentieths of the election districts or the
COIIOIIIOII wealth, each of the two political
parties into which our people are ordinari
ly divided, has an Inspector in the Elec
tion lh lard, and also a Clerk, and that the
majority has the Judge. Sir, it is this
provision of the law that lots preserved our
elections from degeneracy mud disgrace- -
If it were recalled from Our statute book,
and we should apply to the choice of elec
tion officers our ordinary plan 40 .
lee might expect:lll euunuolis increase 01
fraudulent voting throughout the State,
with COllNelillellt degeneracy of net' pellti
cal system, and to a great extent discredit
would be cast upon the political institu
tions wader wlticuWe live.
Seine years -duce, comfit:Ma lief:ail to be
made in various parts ot the State tnat. jury
urcu out rainy sclement by County
Commissioner , and Sheriff:, to Wiliftil the
law committed their selection. In some
counties they were taken, it was alleged,
exclusively trout the majority party in the
eountv—the County Commissioners and
Sheriiis representing the majority and se
lecting their political friends almost exclu
sively, from year to year. Appeals were
to the ifegi,fiallre, and several local
acts Were
providing a new arrangement, an election
by the people ul two Llry
in the smile niaunrr iu whichl
Eieetiiill are ellLisell Wider the election act
Finally the ilLVertior recommend
ed the extent-ion or this plan Li/ the whole
Commonwealth. ri•ifii111111011ailif011
teas made, I beiieve, by Cloy. Curtin.—
A general ap
prLLVed in April,
1.67, applying this plan of Jury Com
missioners to the whole State, and every
Senator present is familiar with it.—
Since that time throughout the State we
have had eleetions tor these ollieers M u m
the plan el the 1 . 111111,d Vote. The
statute assign , to President Judges
some ditti(, in emillhetitlifil with the J tiny
Colllllll,iitillerS. In many el the judicial
district. the President .Ithhees declined
to :at or did met act cur aurae time.
after the law teas passe I, they thought,
;nut 1 suppose thought properly, that they .
ought to have no part in the selection o f 1
the gentlemen who were to serve in their i
courts as jurymen ; that it was a duty ,
which ought not to be charged upon then],
because it was t. , soul,' extent inconsistent
with their judicial duties and with that en
tire independence which ought to exist be
tween the J edges and jury who are to try
the disputes:lmi differences id:the citizen.
But presently it ealim to be understood that
in all case: under that law jurymen would
lie divided Cit e I,tween political par•
ties; that in a county where there was
nearly a two-thirds majority the minority
would have an olual number, which seem
ed unfair: and so, from time to time ap
peals have been made to President Judges
M take part :not assist their political friends
to get their full share, or perhaps more
than their share ofjurymen.
one cii the President Judge: described t.t
tile the , performance on ono neut.:mu when
he first intended to spice., jurors. It WAS in
, a county with the inhabitants of which he
was not very familiar, he having previous
ly resided in an adjoining county; lint he
was told that he must assist in tilling the
wheel and he did so. Ile found a Demo
cratic and a Republican.lury Commissioner
sitting on each side of a table, and earl. of
them with a hat full of names. The pro
veeding was after this fashion : The Demo
craticCommissioner reached into hishat and
took out a name, and put it into the box or
wheel; the Republican Commissioner did
the same from his hat, and then the Judge,
who happened to be a Republican, reached
into the Republican's hat and took out a
1 name and put it into the wheel ; and at the
1 end ,if this iiroceeding lie Judge did pot
I know a single name that he had put into
the wheel, but the duty charged upon him
under the law had been after a fashion, dis-
I charged.
What ought to have been done in Piiil7?
Why, I insist that the bill which is lying
upon your table, and which was introduced
early in the session, ought to have passed
instead of the Jure Commissioner act.—
That provides that in the election of Coun
ty Coinmissinners all the voters of a coun
ty shall be enabled to represen (themselves
In- their own votes; that in all ordinary
eases, the majority shall be enabled to elect
two Commissioners and the minority one,
and then that the board, so made up, shall
lie charged with this duty ofseleeting jury
toes, us formerly. We would, by that ar
rangement, be enabled to dispense with
two unnecessary officers—the Jury Com
missioners—and we would also be enabled
to dispense with this clumsy provision in
relation to the participation of President
Judges in the selection of jurymen. We
would have the people fairly represented in
courts of justice. whenever issues of fact
were to be tried, and every object designed
to be obtained . by the act of 117417 would be
fully aCCOMphshed. That, by the way, is
only one of the advantages, DS I think, of
this County Commissioner hill which is
upon your tiles. But I proceed:
LOCAL ACTS.
At the last session the two houses of the
Legislature passed ten or twelve local bills,
at my instance, applying reformed voting
to certain municipal elections in the coun
ties of Columbia and Northutnberland. A
proposition and arrangement which you
have in the third section of the pending bill
in relation to boroughs, was applied to the
eight boroughs in Northumberland county,
to the town of Bloomsburg and the borough
of Berwick. in Columbia county, and to
two poor districts in those counties. Mob
stantially the free vote UW11,3 applied to
them, and it has had successful operation.
BILLS PROPOSED.
This constitutes the legislation which has
heretofore been had in this particular line
of reform. At this session the Senate has
passed a bill applying the free vote to the
choice of Directors of Common Schools, and
now it is asked to pass this bill in relation
to the election of Councilmen of boroughs
throughout the Commonwealth. The pro
vision, is that in all boroughs incorporated
under or pursuant to general laws, and in
all boroughs heretofore established by spe
cial acts which may come under the gener-
al laws, there shall be six Councilmen, and
to selecting them each voter may distribute
or concentrate his six votes according to his
own judgment, without legal restraint.
Now, comparatively described, this provis
ion amounts to this: That, whereas, the
existing law, after assigning to the voter
hissix votes compels him to distribute them
singly among six candidates, this bill will
withdraw that limitation, and allow him
to distribute them according to his own
judgment, without legal compulsion. Now,
sir, the fundamental principle of our gov
ernment is that men, or at least American
men, are competent to self-government.
Our system is said to he a system of sel [-
government—that the citizen is able to
choose and determine for himself in all
matters of discretion where strong reasons
of public interest do not interpose to de
mand legal regulation. What the support
ers of this bill ask, is not tltst the law shall
be extended, not that legal regulation shall
be increased, not that the law-making power
shall interfere, and do more than it has
heretofore done, but that it shall withdraw
itself from the citizen, and allow
larger measure of freedom and of choice,
in strict accordance with the fundamental
principles of our government.
F.,"noss CONSIDERED—CHOICE OF MEM
Now, sir, what objections are there to
this? Why the Senator (rota Greene [Mr.
Purmanj the other day went over some of
those that may naturally occur to a candid
and reasonable mind upon first approach
ing this subject. Ile stated them, and he
stated them in a fair and proper manner.
suggesting the line of argument which it is
necessary for nine to pursue in vindication
or this bill. Ile suggests that if this plan of
voting were applied to the choice of mem
bers of Congress there would be no dis
tricting of this or any other State: that the
members would be elected by general
ticket throughout the whole Common-
Wealth ; and he seemed to apprehend that
there would be some difficulty in executing
such a plan. To this I make two replies :
I say, in tine tirst place, that the ilistrictitig
of states is nest at all incompatible with this
plan of Voting; it comports with it per
fectly. You might have a plan of plural
though not of single districts. But there
would be no difficulty if members were
elected by general ticket in the whole
State. Representation of different localities
in the State ecru cont.' be easily secured.
The reasons fur this opinion 1 have stated
twin another occasion.
MEMLIEIts Or Tilt: I.l.liilst.A-
Again, the Senator seems to suppose that
it would be necessary, if this plan of voting
were applied to the choice of members of
the Legislature, that the State should be
divided into four Senatorial districts for the
choice of Senators, and into four Represen
tative districts Mr the choice of Represen
tatives. Well, sir, I never heard that sag- 1
gestion before. It never oven' red to ate
that such arrangement would lie selected
if this plan were applied. The Senator
will !lint, by referring to the present Con
stitution of the State of Illinois, that it pro
vides
that each Senatorial district in that 1
State shall select three Representatives
upon the plan of the free vote. The re
sult is that in that State the Legislature
will form fifty-one Senatorial districts,
and then their duty of apportioning
members of the Legislature will lie con
cluded. By the Constitution, while each 1
Senatorial District chooses one member of ;
the Senate, it also chooses three members
1 of the House, and each voter may give his
three votes to one, two ur three candidates
for representative, so that the majority will
have two and the minority one. Probably,
:Ls the result, the Democratic representation
in Northern Illinois will be largely in
creased, while in Southern Illinois the Re
publican voters will be emancipated; they
will send their share of menibers to the
Legislature. That case illustrates the Mau
-1 nor in which a Stale may be districted, or
1 in which representatiVes to the Legislature
may be chosen by distr kits under this plan
of voting.
ll' the Senator had referred to Mr. ?le
dill's amendment, introduced into the con
vention of Illinois, with reference to the
election of senao,,, he would have itscer
-1 tained that a very convenient method could
I have been applied to their election by the
free vote, 't Senator's suggestion of this
difficulty about districts reminds me of
what occurred in tsifi. Ab o ut the month
of October, of that year, I had occasion to
address a gentleman in the State of Illinois,
and mentioned ;to him this subject of re
formed voting as one that would possess
terest for their coneentMn which was
' in
soon to meet. 11e answered be say ing that
1 he did not .J,OO how they could possibly ap-
ply such a plan to the election of members
of the Legislature. :their Legislature was
to be composed of a large number of mem
bers; ts, it fleets only every second year,
they eau very well:Mord to have large num
bers in each .11011,e; there are advantages,
or supposed advantages, in large numbers
of members in legislative bodies.] Ile did
not see, he could not understand how a plan
of retorined voting could be applied to tire
choice of fifty-sue Senators, and to the
choice 'Mildred and fifty-three Rep
resentatives. Ile wa, at that time laboring
under the sunlit occurred to
Ile Semtfor from in recut, [M r. I'urman.]
E=EME==l
, . ,
to tho convention In t - ipringtleid shortly
afterward-, told made a motion to amtoint
a l'ointoittee on Electoral and Representa
tive Reform, of which he was matte
and he was the leading man 0111-
Iled ill 1;111.011g HILO the Constitu
tion of the State the very provi , -
ton in reference to the choice of
Representatives to which 1 have referred,
and also other important provisions apply
ing the same plan to the election of Direc
tors of incorporated companies, and to the
election of .ludges in the city of Chicago.
This supposed difficulty of districting a
State for the purpose of applying a relbrin
eit plan of voting in Legislative elections is
Title illusory. Districts to which this plan
shall be lipidl,3We are wore easily mails
than districts io ordinary apportionment
laws, and II wo were compelled, stouter the
Constitution, to so district our State that all
the people should have representation by
this plan of voting, we would not have as
much difficulty as we have now under our
present system of gerrymandering and dis
lranchisement. Let me say to the Senator
that we get rid of the great difficulty and
evil of gurryinamlering by the free vote;
we cut it up by the roots, or, at least, we
reduce it to ILS smallest dimensions.
=EI
The Senator says the majority shoult,
rule. Well, that is true. Mr. Jefferson
said so—that absolute acquiescence in the
will of the majority, fairly pronounced, was
a vital principle of our system, or one, at
!east, wnich must be applied and carried
out constantly, or o u r eXperillient of free
government would end in failure. To that
I assent most fully. But :\ ir. >litl long
ago pointed out the fact that the majority
rote, as heretofore existing in Great Bri
tain and in the United States, does not se
cure the will of the majority—that, in
point of fact, the rule which we get trout
it, ;Ls we apply it, is a rule of the majority,
or often of a small portion only id the peo
ple. In the first place, itt the popular ele,
lions you count out all the minority yo
ters ; you count or allow only majority
votes and put aside the rest, A large part of
people, then, are virtually ili,frambised;
they have no further voice in the govern
ment beyond the giving of fruitless votes,
which, after being scored down, are in ef
feet scored out again. Then the represen
taLiVeS so chosen, meet in a legislative
body, and When any measure of policy is
to he Voted upon, the majority rule is ap
plied again, and the minority of the legis
lative body ignored ; so that the majority
of the legislative body pronounces the rule
of law for the citizen.
Besides, in practice in this country, leg
islative majorities, upon all measures of a
political character at least, and many
others, act under a system of consultation
that is, under what we call the caucus rule.
The representatives of the majority in the
representative body meet together, and
subject their wills to the decision of a ma
jority of themselves '
• and that caucus de
cision concocted and settled in secret, be
comes the law of the State. The caucus
is in the third degree removed from the
people, and there are three eliminations of
popular power before the law is enacted.
Therefore I say you do not necessarily se
cure the rule of the majority under your
majority vote, because the majority of the I
legislative body, made up as I nave de-
scribed it, and acting as it does, may very
likely represent only a minority of the
people out of doors, and such, in point of
tact, is frequently the case.
Under reform voting what do you get?
You do not destroy votes given at the pop
ular elections; you count them all; you
take them and respect them ; you consider
them as sacred and inviolate and give to
them full and complete effect. And what
is the result? Substantially that all the
electors are represented and obtain due
voice and influence in the enactment of the
laws. Then,in the legislative body you have
all the people represented. Hach voter,
except in rare cases, has Lis representa
tive in place on whose attention lie has a
claim and to Whom Inc can speak as to a
friend. There is thorough representation ;
all your people are hoard. HOW W hlely
different, is the ease uuwl and because it is
different this evil of local or private legisla
tion is beginning to be exclaimed against
all over the State ; and if you do not take
steps to correct it, there will be a move
ment of popular power that will reach over
you and beyond you, and through achange
of the fundamental law will effectually (fon
rest the evil.
The rule of the majority I I agree to the
principle; we propose to apply it in this
bill. We take the vote in the Legislative
body, and there, the will of the majority is
appropriately pronounced, and it can be
properly pronounced nowhere else. It will
take effect with a sanction that it does not
now possess, because when all the people
have been heard in the enactment of a law
or regulation, they will very likely be sat
isfied with it; and besides, there will be
greater security for the fairness and wisdom
of such law or regulation in the fuller con
sideration to which it will be subjected.
BALANCE-01•'PoWER PARTIES.
The Senator says that under this plan of
voting all the little side parties of the
country would be represented and heard.
As it is now under the old majority vote
they are kept out of Congress, out of Leg
islatures, and out of other positions in the
Government. Because they are a small
number in any given constituency, you
apply to them the majority vote, and you
extinguish them or push them away front
the high places of power, and do not allow
their voices to be heard there. The Sena
tor seems to think this is an advantage ; he
seems to think it was proper in the case of
the Abolitionists who were continually re
pressed by the control and discipline of the
old political parties, and were kept down
in that way. He might have extended his
remark to the South and have said that
Union men there were kept out of the local
Legislatures and kept out of Congress, by
the discreet handling of the majority vete
in the hands of the extreme leaders of the
South. The minority elements in the
North and Sonth were kept down by the
majority vote ; but, sir, you did not destroy
the tire of sectionalism by your repression ;
it burned and glowed underneath the hol
low system of your majority, until it burst.
out into an uncontrollable flame in which
we were all involved. Hose would it have
been, if, instead of repressing them, you had
allowed them to be represented in propor
tion to their numbers, and allowed every
body in the country to see the growth of
opinion, and your statesmen to prepare se
curities against it? But you pushed that
danger out of sight as much as possible.
and shut your eyes to it as long as you
could. Nevertheless it was irrepressible;
in spite of your majority - vote, the . war
came and ran i terri fi c course for four
years.
How is it? Here you have a small Wily
of men in a State, whose single issue,
whose single object is very important to
Mein, so that they will vote with reference
to it as the Abolitionists did. They make
their single issue superior to all others that
engage the public mind. After a time they
get strength enough to hold the balance of
power between parties, as the Abolitionists
Mil in many States. When they get to
that stage of growth what do they do?
They say to a political party, '• do our work
and we will give you power; affiliate your
selves with us and you shall triumph; re
pel its, reject us, and you go into a Minor
ity or remain in a minority in the State;
your leading men will be struck down at
all elections." Why, in Massachusetts, the
Democrats allied themselves with the free
soil element and elected Charles Sumner to
the Senate of the United States; that ele
ment held the balance of power, and the
Democracy , were seduced into that act of
folly.
The Whig party in State after State was
seduced into a similar sort of alliance sub
sequently, until it became utterly debauah
ed and eventually gave up its own organ
ization and took a creed in which this bal
anee-of-power party had its choice princi
ples inserted, and thus the movement went
forward until war came. I insist then,
that the best thing you can do in order to
secure the peace of the country, is to give
all your citizens just representation in the
government. If I had time I would go on
and prove, as I think I could, that our late
war would never have occurred if there had
been au honest, fair and wise. system of
electoral action in this country—iV all the
people had been enabled to represent
themselves thoroughly in government by
their own votes, :titer the fashion or upon
the principle of a free-handed and just ex
ercise of their electoral power.
CORRUPTION OF ELECTIONS.
There was one other point of objection
mentioned by the Senator front Greene
[Mr. Furman], to which I must refer. It
was that in eases that might arise under
this bill, there would be greater opportu
nities or facilities for corruption than un
der the former plan of voting; that a cor
rupt man or one desirous of corrupting
electors, when lie purchased a voter, would
get his whole six votes instead of getting
but one vote, and that the tendency of this
new plan would lie to increase corruption
instead of diminishing it. Let me answer
this point by a few figures.
The town of Bloomsburg polled in Ititis,
six hundred and forty-six votes for Presi
dent, of which Seymour had three
hundred and twenty-nine and Grant three
hundred and seventeen, being a Demo
cratic majority of twelve votes. That town
elects six members of a town Council un
der the plan of reformed voting. Upon
t h e v ote of iseS, three Democratic town
Councilmen would be elected, each re
ceiving six hundred and fifty-eight votes,
and three Republican Councilmen would
be elected, each receiving six hundred anti
thrirty-four votes—that is, each party can
obtain three of the six as a matter of course
under this plan of voting, and voting as
the people do in that town, the political
caudidatLis would have the respective tinin
hers which I mentioned. Suppose a VOl
linteer candidate desires to interrupt the
regular course of an election in that town,
and proceeds to debauch voters in order
to appropriate their votes to himself. If
he takes his votes from the majority or the
Democracy of the town, he is required in
order to succeed to purchase eighty-three
voters; if front the minority lie must rib
min eighty; if he obtains his votes equally
front both parties, it would be necessary
for hint to get ninety-two vote's; if Ire is
to obtain his votes in that corrupt manner
its against the regular parties who run a
joint ticket, he !mist obtain ninety-three
voters. Now, observe two things. In the
lirst place, the supposed corruption of the
voters can only extend u, the election of
ea, Councilinan out of six. The man who
buys these voters eau only affect the elec
tion to the extent of one :sixth of ffte,zen
eral result.
Again, in no ordinary case )(lid hardly
in any case, can he be expected to obtain
so many voters by corrupt or improper
means. Tile number is too great to be se
duced, particularly as they are to be taken
away from their party aliegiance and par
ty associations. They must break over
pa,,Lr s' lines and desert party nominations
Kohler to prostitute themselves to the
purpose of the volunteer. When you come
to look into this point you must perceive
that the danger of seduction is infinitely
small and worthy of but little considera
tion. What I have always said and now
say is, that reformed voting reduces the
evil of corruption at elections to it: , Milli
whin. (if emirs() it will not take hold
of human nature and change it; it will
not re organize the hearts or intellects or
the people. I assign to it no such complete
renovating power; but What I do insist
111,011 is that it will reduce this evil of cor
rupting voters to its lowest possible quan
tity, or to use the scientific term, to its
minimum.
Now, take the old plan of voting in the
same town and with the same vote given
to each party respectively. Suppose this
volunteer wanLs to elect hi itself by corrupt
means. What has he to do? Suppose an
other case; suppose he desires to defeat
some man nominated by the majority ; he
has some private job of his own ; he wants
a street laid out through his property or
wants a street closed, or water works es
tablished; he desires something done that
will promote his interests, and aims to de
feat a certain candidate to that end. What
has he to do? Buy thirteen majority
voters and it is done! There is a ma
jority of twelve in this case—in the case
taken. Ile has only to corrupt thirteen
men and his object will be accomplished.
Under the majority vote thirteen taken
frOM the majority will change the result of
the election, and he may easily draw off
that small number as a volunteer. Sup
pose again, that this man is a member of
the minority in the town, and he desires
to be elected to the council for some selfish
purpose; he says to his party friends,
nominate me and I Will Spend money
enough nn this election to secure my suc
cess, and not only my own but also the
success of live other candidates to be placed
on our ticket, and we will take away front
the opposite party their whole representa
tion in the local legislature of the town."
His party friends assent; the ticket of six
is made up as proposed, the proposer him
self being ono. What has bus to do under
the majority vote in order to elect himself
himself and his ;colleagues? Buy seven
votes only! ;The Democratic majority
in the town is but twelve. Cannot
seven or more loose voters be found in any
party out of a Mud of two or three hun
dred? Ile seduces seven voters, and ha
pints himself into the council with col
leagues to assist him in his ulterior de
signs. If they put the town in debt, you
cannot help it; if they persecute their po
litieal enemies in the town, the injustice
must be borne; a little-money in disbands
of a base man has secured immunity to the
evil. Such elections as this are occurring
continually throughout the State in bor
oughs and other municipalities, under the
majority. Under the free vote in Blooms
burg you must seduce eighty to a hundred
men, in order:to affect the choice of coun
cilmen to the extentof one member in six !
Under the old plan seven corrupted voters
may change the whole election.
But there is all additional consideration.
The party assailed by the corrupt scheme
just mentioned come together and say,"
"Are we not to be cheated? No I We have
money also. We must 'fight fire with tire."'
And so both parties spend money on the
election. Year by year this evil goes on
and increases. You political system is be
coming cankered at the very core, and gen
tlemen stand here hesitating and doubting
whether electorial reform is necessary, and
whether a man who talks for it and works
for it is not a little visionary or at least
somewhat ahead of the times.
There is another thing that is somelitnes
done. Coalitions are common ;we have
what are called "Citizens," "People's"
or " Union" tickets set up. They are very
well in some cases, but are often set up in
the interests of some man, or of a few. A
titan of the majority is offended at what his
party has done; perha they have done
him nothing but sheer justice; they have
declined to put him into office, and he has
a dozen men subject to his influence, or he
has money, and he goes to the opposite
party—the minority—and he says to them,
" l'ut :no on your ticket, and 1 will elect
it." Or if he does not ask to be put upon
the ticket himself, he asks that souse per
sonal friend of his shall be put on, and that
pledges shall be given in favor of something
he wants done. Then by turning over a
small number of voters front his own party
to the other, the coalition is made to sue.
eyed.
1 insist, therefore, that these points of
objection, or of doubt rather, in reference
to this new plan, do not condemn it or
render its adoption unwise or improper.
REFORM IN NOMINATIONS.
. .
[)I r. 13. proceeded to speak upon the ap
plication of reformed voting in the choice
of delegates to nominating bodies, and par
ticularly to County Conventions, describ
ing the various plans upon which such
bodies were chosen, and insisted that the
same remedy which would purify and im
prove the legal elections should be extend
ed to the voluntary or primary ones also.
lie strongly condemned the Crawford
County plan of nomination, and expressed
his preference for that recently adopted in
the County of Columbia, under w hilt there
aas representation of election districts in
proportion to their party vote, and com
plete freedom to the electors in casting their
votes for delegates. lle concluded by stat
ing that he regarded the bill under consid
eration as a step in the course of reform—
as one well calculated to have a consider
able effect in the improvement of munici
pal government and to familiarize the peo
ple with a new but effectual and necessary
plan thr the renovation of popular
coscLUDIN , ; nEnATE.
In SENA'FE, March a, Is7l.—A.2:recably
to enter ItIO Senate remtnned the third read
ing and chinikleratihn of Senate bill entitled
:in act fir the further regulation , iii bor
angina.
Mr. litickalew —Mr. Speaker, if any gen
tleman desires to make remarks upon this
bill 1 will give place to hint ; if not, I de
sire to say a few words and then have the
vote taken. I desire to explain that this
bill dues not apply to any borough in the
State established by special law. It only
applies to Lilene that Lace been or may be
incorporated under the act of 1011, or the
pt Cro act of IS:ft. Nor floes it apply m many
cases where, by speeial legi Jla Uuu, particu
lar arrangements have been made in hot -
buglis for the selection
There are a large number of laws which
provide, fel' illetallee, that where there are
one, two, three or more wards, each ward
shall be ontitletl to elect a niember of Coun
cil, or more members than one, for one, two
Of three year terms; so that it Often hap
pens that only One Veleti
for by the same body of electors. This bill
dots nut disturb such arrangements or Ea
feet the manner of Voting in such cases. It
applies only to those boroughs which exist
under general laws, and to those hereafter
established or brought under those laws.
I desire to add another explanation, and
that is, that this plan of voting is very dif
ferent from that proposed by Mr. Hare, in
a work of some celebrity published by him.
lie proposes a plan of personal representa
tion by means of preferential voting, as it
is called, and he announces his leading olf-
jest to be to emancipate the votera from the
dominiation or control of party organiza
tion; to enable thrill to vote without reter-
. _ .
enee to those associations heretofore known
in Great Britain and in this country as
political parties. I alit opposed to his
dan ; and I desire it to ho lhhtitietly Ull-
derstood that the free vote points to an ob
ject quite different from his, 'Phis plan now
I efore us, assumes the existence iu political
society of political parties, and it assumes
that they will exist hereafter. It is simply
a proposition by which political parties
eau represent themselves conveniently and
justly by their own votes. It does not
strike at or affect party organization. In
tact Mr. Speaker, I agree entirely with
the main portion of the argument submit•
ted by yourself to the Senate the other even
ing, in which it teas insisted that politi
cal parties were a necessity in free
governtuents—at least that they were in
evitable wherever free play WO, permitted
to the political activity of the citizen. This
doctrine was laid down by Mr. Madison
perhaps as briefly and clearly as it ever
was, in the forty ninth number of the
Fedor , dist, in which he said that "an ex
tinction of parties necessarily implies
either a universal alarm for the public safe
ty, or an absolute extinction of liberty. -
Now, sir, I think that reformers who, in
the present stage of civilization look to po
litical arrangements independent of party
organization, must necessarily be vision
ary and their schemes impracticable ;
and I am one of the last men who
would assent to Life adoption of any
new system based upon their ideas. I
take political parties as I find them ; I take
political society, divided fundamentally
upon great government issues, and I as
sume that SO lung as frl•e pl ay is permitted
to the hUillan Mind in political affairs there
will be parties, and government must be
organized and administered with reference
L., them, and that all attempts based upon
an assumption that it is possible to conduct.
public affairs without parties, is idle and
vain ; iu line, that all attempts based on
that idea Must result in complete and dis-
astrous failure. No such object has been I
'imposed by persons in this county, or be
yond the ocean, who have supported this
plan of the free vote or cumulating voting.
MI they propose is to put into the hands of
political parties an instrument by which
they can act justly at elections, by which
they can obtain fur Menisci Yes a kiir share
of power by their own votes, by which it
will be impossible for them to take front
their fellow citizens any portion apolitical
power which belongs to t/e•si ; by which
the principle of gambling fas I call it, shall
lie extracted from elections, and by Which
the motive for spending money in miler to
obtain the majority at elections shall be
Laken away.
1 think this explanation was due tr the
Senate, and to those who pay attention to
our debates, because soin e distrust or pies
lion has been created in the minds in . gen
. denten who imagine that the new plan
proposed here is identical or similar it
principle to the reform proposed by Mr.
Hare, which is so complicated, so intricate
and so far beyond the convenience of pii•
litical society that there is good reason for
opposition to it, or at least for distrusting
it as an expedient in the management id
elections.
Mr. Speaker, I shall not pursue the dis
cussion of this subject any further, 11-4 it
scents to be admitted that this particular
bill is but a reasonable experiment—a rea
sonable experiment by which the merits
and true Character of this plan of voting
can be ascertained and settled before the
people.
[Mr. White and Mr. fbiterhout then ad
dressed the Senate briefly in support of the
'rho bill then passed as follows;
Skii - rioN 1. Be it ruarted That any
application for the incorporation of a
borough under the general borough acts
of first of April, one thousand eight hint -
dred and thirty-fonr, and third of April,
one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one,
shall be laid before tho grand jury at the
same term of court when presented . , when
ever the same can be conveniently done,
and in no case later than the next subSe
/much t term of the court, and shall be signed
by the petitioners Whose names are at
tached thereto within the three months im
mediately preceding its presentation to
the court, and public notice of the in
tended application for a borough charter
shall be given in at least ono newspaper
of the proper county, for a period of not less
than thirty days, immediately before the
petition shall he presented. The foregoing
regulations shall also apply to any applica
tion to a court of competent jurisdiction
under the said act, ' or either Of thew, for a
c hange of borough limits, or to annul or al
ter a borough charter, or to bring a borough
created or regulated by special laws nude
• the operation of the aforesaid act of third of
April, one thousand eight hundred and
fifty-one,
Sec.'_'. The number of members of any
Town Council of a borough, where the
number is now fixed at live, shall be here
after six, and in boroughs hereafter incor
porated under general laws the number of
such Councilmen shall be six, but the sev
eral courts of the Commonwealth having
jurisdiction to incorporate boroughs, may,
-
plication made to them for the purpose, nix
or change the charter of any borough, so as
to authorize the burgess or chief executive
officer thereof to serve as a member of the
Town Council, with full powers as such,
and to preside at the meetings thereof.
Sac. 3. In elections for members for
Town Councils each voter may at hisoption
bestow his votes singly upon bi X candi
dates, or cumulate them upon any less
number in the manner authorized by the
fourth section of the act to define the limits
and to organize the town of Eloontsburg,
approved March fourth, one thousand
eight hundred and seventy, and vacancies
in any such Council shall be tilled in the
manner provided In the fifth section of the
saute act, but nothing herein contained
shall be held to regulate or affect the man
ner of choosing the burgess or other princi
pal Executive Officer of a borough, even
when he shall be authorized to serve as a
member of the Town Council.
Sac. 4. Whenever borough authorities
shall extend the limits of such borough,
they shall tile a plan or plot of such eaten
sUin in the office of the Court of quarter
Sessions of the proper county, and notice
thereof shall be published in at least two
' of the newspapers published in the county,
and any citizen of the borough or of the
territory annexed shall have the right to
appeal from the ordinance of the town
Council annexing such territory, to the
Court of Quarter Sessions of said county,
within thirty days of the tiling of such
plan or plot.
The railroad and wagon bridge across
the Mississippi, at St. Louis, was finish
ed on Tuesday. It has eleven piers, two
abutments, and a draw span 334 feet in
length—the longest in the world. It
cost $1,000,000.
NUMBER 16
GOVERNOR GEARY INTERVIEWED
Ills Opinion of Urnol
Cutlet, tea Flailing , Party and What It
A correspondent of the New York Ifre
erld Interviewed his excellency, John \V
Geary, at a hotel in Philadelphia the other
day, and, after some talk about the strike
In the coal-regions, the conversation
branched off into national politics, Ns hen
the following talk ensued:
" What about the next Presidency.
I ov
ermir ? Grant is moving heaven and earth
to secure Pennsylvania. 1 suppose he will
receive your support. -
" he? lam glad to rind somebody
who thinks so Iwith a sigh I. Grant has
not done the fair thing by Inc; yet 1 have
no hard feelings—oh, no. -
"hn you think Cameron is giving lout
any ILSNIS Lan ?
' : Cameron has' politioalle killed every
one he has taken hold of. Why. ti rant told
me once that he uudt•r , tood Cillneroll
thoroughly; that lie spurned him as he
spurned the dust under his Met, yet now
we witness the two seemingly working in
perfect harmony. Omer., has t; rant un
uer his thumb.- . .
"lirant think, that l'antenat i, doing
hint an immense amount of got,' in l'ettn-
" Well, Cameron has the timst convinc
ing manner 3110111. 111111: lie would d e•eiVe
the very elect. It you should go to hint
mid ask him about toe I,:pirations for the
future, he would say to you, look at. my
gray hairs; I have no aunt Lid sin 1 only
wish the permanent good of the whole par
ty. You would leave him thinking Inc was
thin worst-abused man in the emmtry. I
never saw his beat. -
"Ind you and Cameron ever Lave a mis
understanding ?"
" Yes, we dial. Cameron came to line
just before my second nomination and
wanted lee to appoint Ceriale 111,1 to 011 ice
tchom he lialneti to mu. They were the
very scum of the party. I heard Jinn out,
however, and when he had unislust I arose
and said to him, tieneral Cameron, do you
think I 11:11 crazy, or are you crazy your_
.sell'?' Ile replied, very cooly, neither
think vou are crazy, HIM I knot, lan not.'
Well, I simply said lo him that under no
consideration would I appoint the men he
named. He gut in a cowering rage. Said
====IDIZE
an le his friends.' auiti I, Yuu can't
wat me; I am going to he nominated:
'dell,' said he, 'we will try that in the
'yid.' Ile left me, luwin and raging, but
1 remained in lily itenn and determined to
let hurl run hi, cetir.e. I L•anie Le Phila
delphia and Leek It stub Lit rt,C , IIISI lit Lite
Continental, and Cameron's party engaged
moths at the Girard
.loot aerosei the street.
They began to put up a jolt Lill 1110.
heard they were ' , pending Lindley pretty
freely ; !Mali)" 1 got mad aml wont aver to
theire.dninitteo-romn and junt told them 1
defied them, and dared them to nominate
any one !rut me. I would exi.,,e ever)"
m rut 14111(411 I fOr I had every one of them
under my thumb), and when I haul finish
ed 1 brought my hand dawn on too
and when I struck It the room fairly shook.
I meant all I said. 1 need not ask it you
know how the eleetions went ; that Is II
thing of the past."
"I understood that Brant disappointed
you in regard to a visit lie was 11 , wake
"Wes, he did. I met him and invited
tim to 0)1110 to Ilarrisburg for a visit. Ile
wouldaid be as soon as Congress adjourn
-1 told him he could have a collet :mil,
hoped, a pleasant sojourn at Harrisburg.
would bring the best people in the State
o fleet him. We would rale around the
.ountry in the afternoon and be to our.
selves, Or with company, just. as ho pleas
ed, HO seemed to be greatly elated with
the idea, and I I will be frank) was just as
linteh pleased to have hint come. I went
110111 e :Lild Wade arrangements to give him
half of my house for his residence during
his visit to Harrisburg,. I did not care if I
spent a year's salary, $. - ,,000; ye , , I would
have spent $10,1101) to have made his visit a
success. I intended to have made it the
event of my slut iu istration. Everything
Was being perfected iii gwal style, nu the
quiet I I aln glad now 1 did o u t Make it
kilt/MI I, for the President's visit, and I wits
,ongratulating myself on the ideasuru Ile
vould receive :it Harikhurg, when I re
•eived intelligence one day that he Was oil
with Catneren and a 1111111 her 01 Philadel-
•
phians On a fishing excursion. When I
heard that Cameron had captured him, I
knew there was no further 111/re Of a visit
to Harrisburg. I stopped the preparations
and telegraphed to toe northern part of the
State that I would leave at tun) on a tour
of inspection to the prisons, schoot-houses
anti other public, buildings, and I started."
"Did Grant and his frlellti4 catch many
•' I don't know ; lint, to use a slunk term
ley all got as drunk as fiddlers and had to
elp each other home by turns."
I understood that Commodore Foote
ad talked to Grant, with tears in his eyes,
ntil he had induced him to cease drink
at least all the 'moral' histories of the
'ar say that he did."
"history is one thing, wbiskey is an
ther."
OLI 114) not, then, plane much faith in
tneron•, desire to help i;rant to a re-
" None, whatever: I see it stated that
Camertni has taken Blaine in hand for the
next Presidency, \\*hat do snit mink of it?"
" I don't put much trust in the report.
IL is possible, however, that Cameron has
use for Blaine, and is !Littering 111111 with
vague promises of this kind. -
"I hardly think Cameron would have
the assurance to desert ()rant so early un
less he felt positive that there is 11,, 11111,1.
for him in LIKI future, but I know him so
well that I have oe:tsed to lie surprised at
anything he does. -
"How about Sumner we a Licnmerntii
candidate? I)» you think Sunau•r would
accept the nomination from the Democrat
is party?"
' If 111, thought it would avail him I),
might., for the sake of coining lilt with
Grant."
Geary I very thoughtfully scramhing hi.
head;—That's so, lie might.
And it seemed to the 11, , rnad report,.
that Geary was asking hilmielf what show
Will there be for me under such a Stale it
things?
Vie discussed Hendricks, Sumner art
Grant. and the limn who, in I;Vary'S osti
illation, has the least chance for winnin)
the next Presidential race is i irant. Al
though his Excellency del not mention i
he probably forgot, it Geary himsel
hale "aspirations. - It is already whisper
eil that lie is to he a Presidential candelat ,
on the
N.\TIoNAL
(hp,, a, Illy V . 1,
resilient.
Geary is either president or an honorary
member (4 every labor and trade society
in the United states. decided sympa
thy with the miners in the present crisis,
it is said, is not altogether impossible of
explanation. There are people uncharita
ble enough to say that he saints all the
votes he can get in the near Future. I will
not 11S,IIIIIC to say what he does hope tor.
I have found that a political prophet very
often errs in his imignostivatems. Let the
future tell the story.
A Negro Hempen-. 10
The negro desperado and horse-thief,
who 'shot and dangerously wounded
Messrs. Loving' and Rogers, at Loving
stun, a row days ago, was killed in Amherst
county,at a late hour on Friday evening. 11e
was pursued alter leaving Lovi ngston by a
party of gentlemen front Nelson county and
was overtaket“in the farm 4,1 - >I r.Gef,rge
Dimmer, near the Buffalo Bridge, about
three miles front Amherst Court Ilote:e.
Upon being summoned to surrender he re
fused, at the saute time drawing a `a X-S1110”1.-
, With which he attempted to ,1100 t Mr.
Frvk Howl, ono of the party in pursuit
of h'im. ilia pistol snapped, and Mr. 11.
whcLAxas armed with xllOlll,lO barrel shot
gati, loaded with bock-shut, fired, shoot
trig him through the head, and killing him
iiistantly. A eororer's jury was til/111111.11-
01 Litt we have not heard what verdict
th y rendered. Ile was fully recognized
a the rascal who did the shooting at Lov
ngston. Papers found in his possession
show that his name was Wm. Grimes, and
he is supposed to be the negro who ran
away during the war from Mr. Richard
Grimes, who liven near Now Ijl,l,goW. It
is also thought that he is the same negro
who WAS sentenced to the penitentiary Mr
horse-stealing, under the name of Doctor
Doniena, from Rockingham, but who es
caped from the Harrisonburg jail. Some of
the papers on his person prove that he has
lately been in Shippcnsburg Pennsylvania.
this connection we are glad to state
that we learned on Saturday evening, by a
letter from Lovingston, that both Messrs.
Loving and Rogers are doing as well as
could be expected, and that their speedy
recovery is considered most probable.—
Lynch&org ,Veas.
SCRANTON, April 17..—The lieneral Coun
cil of the Working Men's Benevolent As
sociation met at Maueh Chunk to-day, and
accepted arbitration. They appointed
their arbitrators, and invited the compan
ies and operators to meet in Manch Chunk
on Monday next as a Board of Arbitration.
The position of the three companies in
the Valley is about as follows : The Dela
ware, Lackawanna and Western, and Dela
ware and Hudson demand that the men re
sume first, and arbitrate afterwards, while
the Pennsylvania Company is opposed to
any arbitration. To-morrow, a convention
consisting of three delegates from each of
the three companies will meet in this place,
and it is supposed take final action in re
gard to resumption. District Conventions
were held to-day throughout this Valley to
appoint and instruct the delegates to the
convention to-morrow. The nature of
these Instructions cannot be ascertained.
The action of the General Council has
raised high hopes that the end is near.
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•
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r
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Other " Notleen," ten Mien, or less,
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TIRE PREMDENCY
cemalon—Spenker
Nolllng I"
'rho Ncw• York /ferith/ has the following
in its \Vashington despatches " I don't
think it fair," said a prominent Itepubli
ca❑ member of the present Congress to a
friend the oilier day, "for Blaine to keep
the House chairmanships to trade upon
during the Summer. nuo rules or do,
House require the Speaker to appoint the
committees at the commencement or each
Congress. The busitiess Interests or the
country demand immediate action. I don't
think it right for Maine to postpone the
Nosiness in order to have the chairman
ships to trade upon this Summer."
This is the feeling, the privately express
ed feeling of nearly all the members of the
Forty-second Congress; but no one cares
to express it openly, tin fear, as has already
been stated, that Mr. 111afue may remelt' •
ber to forget to give them desirable places
on COM ni awes. All are opposed to Itlaine's
course, Nut no eonsiderable numlmr dare
to lead in an elrort to get a resolution
through directing the Speaker to complete
the organization of the House by the ap
pointnient of the cononitte,.
The plan of keeping the House quire
ma:lshiis to trade upon during the Sum
mer previous to a Presidential nomination
awl election has never been tried but once
brainy. Indeed, with three exceptions, the
practice, 51111, the foundation of the gov
enuuellt, has been to select the committees
at the counurorcmeut or the first session or
(',in g ress, muluu,stustely alter the vice
thin of Speaker, Clerk and other (Anvers.
The organization ul Lim senate us ~uuup
lete, committees all appointed as the law
directs, and there is no good reason why
he Speaker should violate the rules and
law of Congress hy keeping the
longer in its present disorganized condition.
'I here is the strongest eVidemar that a
emobination ins Loco made to give Mr.
Iliaine the next Eepublican nomination.
A vigorons mar is being 11111,111 upon all his
rivals, the l'resklent included. Several
has e already been tomahawked a Fen
ton
The ',Melt m of the I l et t s e cettimit
tees has been restistiest until December.
During the nest eight months :speaker
Itbtiue trill has tt more \ patreilage
than President t ;rant. In tact there is net
an appointment in the gilt Mlle, President
equal in 11111mrtilllt, ti, 1110 l'hairinitn iti
the \Vays and )leansConliiiittee. Ti1t. , 111114.
mat• he stild of the Chairman of the For•
i-Igll Alull-a, Banking and p
m tqlrlatliJllS,
1.:111t1 Itlaille has the 11r
peiuluu•ut I,! rt,l3'-SeVt . ll 0)1161 - Well, alit!
to er three ruuuuit
tees to •• trado nisei" tIIII - lIIg 010 (liming
Summer. II is pittrentige is far greater than
the ['resident's taken altogether. No Mall
ou 1110 euntlnl•nt fills sit 11111,111/oWer.
It require, 11 Mai, ay of the Seoul,. to
make a ellairtnall or member 1,1 it single
Senate Committee.
lu the 1101. e, on the other hand, the ,
otter to make forty- , even chairmen and
!tree hundred cominitteo members 14
Agt.ll WILII title !tail—the speaker.
1,11 ally svoinler that this official t 4110111.1
Sit Ins enormous power to advance Isis
syn intr•rosts and smooth his it ay tit tilt
'residential chair.
principal rainlitlates on the Senate
sith• of am Capitol aro Messrs. Colfax, Ed
mund., Fenton, Sherman, Sumner, lA,
gill), Trumbull and Wilson. I M the House
side, .Nlessrs. Iting
not Roderick It., 1).1.N% e, and
=l=
A Juid;ze Setileuelog no Old Sc
In• Hanged.
\Ve take the following . from the ltau
phis .IttnS Itt.l . llllllri . till; ,01111'111 . 1. , of lilt
Gllll3 tuntnh•ret :
Judge Flippiu then 01,0110 as foolloo‘v,:
"Sam net 11. l'esten, this 1, 0110 01 . LllO sill
lest eras in ley la, our parents anol their
children know 118011 ether. NN'e grew up
together, went to the same school, the same
church, and pbtyeil on 1,111 and w valley
the came innocent games ill boyhood - -
Years have passed since 1.11011. a ler roads
in life have diverged. You now stand con
victed all a great, a capital crime, awl
I, as the mincooter M . the law, have lin
110tiell 1111011 1110 the painful duty 1/11S , 1111.:
1111011 yeti the hentence of death. Worm
it consistent with my official dunce, I
'would that this (lip t• 011141 11/1,11 fl l Olll
I /lit I I.llllot now shrink t room the perferni
anee of this cool official requirement, and
must Hoot, awl will not, in the future,
though usher victims may fall, to avenge a
vioolateol law. It is therefore, the sentence
of the camel that yen be reinancled to, the
county-jail of Shelby eon nty,the place from
whence you toame, to be there securely
kept until Friolay, the 20th day of May
next, aches you will be taken by the sher
ill of county, between the hours of
lu A. NI., and 3 P. M., within one mile and
a half or the court-house of said comity,
and there be lutilgeol loy t h e neck until you
Are 11I•1111, anti Allay 1.0(.1 merry 1,1
your soul.-
. .
When Poston was Called, both the:Judge
and Pesten were very much moved. Pes
ten shook like an aspen leaf, and hail to
gra , io a chair for support. At the conclu
sion id . the sentence Judge Hippie was in
tears, as was aloe nearly all the large crowd
gathered there. It wits it most aire,thig
will Liver be remembered by
these who witnessed iL. It w:1,1 It surprise
to all Li, 10111,V the relation that had existed
in early ehildheoil Between Judge Flippu
and Posnm, and it must indeed have 111,11
,:1 , 1 thing nir Judge Hippin tin consig,ii to
death a Imhty u, ate of hie early hoylinial
days.
In a speech at Cincinnati on NVednesday
of last week Cox, who was re
cently Secretary of the. Interior, said tied.
:in urine or one hundred thousand soldiers
would lint be still . ..tent to put iu force the
ti- K hix bill which has just passed the
!louse of Itepresentittives, I rox thinks
it is i inpOsst hie to testes jut ace and quiet
:it the :south by any 1111101.11 It Of military
torce, so long, as measures are agitated in
Congress and discussed itt the press which
lire calculated to irritate the southern peo
ple and make theft discontented and rest-
Gen. Cox misapprehends the real nature
of the Ku-Klux Bill. Its essential design
is not I, restore ileael, :old quiet at the
South, and to ;ditty discontent and disor
der. This is only an incidental and com
paratively unimportant part or the Inv.-
iness. 'I he Il rat purpose or suspending
civil law in that part of tho country and
sending down soldiers is to ffirce the
Itepuldicans of those States to appoint
to the approaching National
Convention of that party who will be in
lavor of the rcnoinination of Grant. Next •
the elections there are to be controlled by
military means, so that thin electoral votes
of those Stales will be secured for Grant,
whatever may he the wishes of the majority
of their citizens. 'l'n carry out these de
signs Gen. Cox can very well understand
that an army of one hundred thousand nien
will nut he repaired. Prollehly of himell
twenty IIIIHIN:0111 will suffice. But if the
next President should happen to Inc chosen
in that way, how will the rest tic the COllll
- like it?' And what will ;en, t•ox say
and do then'.—.V. V. Nan.
I.E COLLEGE BCIRNED
One Yonng Lndy
I=a
CINCINNATI, April 7.—The Western
mule College at a , x ford, t thin, took lire this
morning in the bakery about ono o'clock,
and with the exception of the walls, which
yet stand, was completely destroyed. All
the young ladies are accounted for but one
girl, partially deaf, who is missing. It is
hoped she only yet lie found sale, although
up to last accounts nothing had been heard
from tier% Four or live students who es
capo,l from the.econd and third-story win
dows, were somewhat injured, but none
seriously, save one, who It is feared Is dall
germisly hurt.
Some had presence of mind enough to tie
sheets together and let themselves down
from the windows, and others jumped from
the second story. Smile property in the
lower part of the building was saved.—
Many of the young ladies lost all their per
soled streets in their I . OOIIIN. There was
about sixty thousand dollars insurance on
the building, though not covering the loss.
file destruction of the edifice is a public
calamity, as iL wits nine Of the 12104 t protni
sent female educational institutions in the
West.
A Noted Horne:ll.ler and Murderer
Ilongted In ♦'lrguiln.
STAUNTON, April H.—Thomas Hodges,
the noted horse-thief, murderer and des
perado, who alai( arid fatally wounded Mr.
N'hitloc•k, on Friday night last, was taken
front the jail in this place, about 1 o'clock
this morning, and hanged about 0110 and a
half miles front the tuwn.
The Jailer and ex-Sheriff McCutchen
were both in the jail and refused the mob
the keys, when they broke open the doors
and took Hodges out. None of the 111011
who entered the jail were disguised, yet
they were not recognized by either the jail
er or the ex-sheriff, being strangers to
both. Hodges had shot and killed four
men previously in this locality. This first
act of lynching in this locality is univer
sally condemned.
Reported Indian Depredations.
A[despatch from Austin, Texas, to the
Galveston Seas, reports that Keard J.: Mil
ler's train, en route for Chihuahua, was at
tacked near the border by Indians, and
Kean', his wife, and live other Americans
were killed. The Mexican troops pursued
the Indians across the boundary Into the
United States, and killed and captured 80
of them. The U. S. troops at Fort Good
win sallied out to protect the Indians and a
light with the Mexicans ensued in which
the American commander and 40 of his
men were killed. The Mexican troops
numbered 200- A despatch from Washimo
ton last night stated that the War Doper.-
ment had received no advices in relation to
the tight reported above.