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9CLUARE.
Vortrp.
THE HAWK'S NEST
[sierras.]
BY IlltET HARTZ.
We checked our pace—the red road sharply
rounding;
We heard the troubled flow
of the dark olive depths of pines, resounding.
A thousand feet below;
Above the tumult of the canon lifted,
The gray hawk breathleta hung,
Or on the hill a winged shadow drifted
Where furze and thorn-bush dung
Or where, half-way, the mountain side wan
furrowed
With ninny a Hearn and near,
Or Kanto abandoned tunnel dimly burrowed—
Or mole-hill seen no far;
We looked In silence down across the distant.
Unfathomable reach,
A silence broken by the guide's eonsistent
And realistic speech :
• Walker of Murphy's Hew a hole through
Peters
For telling him he Iled,
Then up and duet., Out or South
Across the long Inelde.
" We ran Lim out of Strong'm and up through
Eden,
And 'croon the ford below,
And up Halo IIIIMIllaill(Paerte brother leadi n')
And me and Clark and Joe•.
,• Ile fore( IS game; somehow, I disremember
Jest how tm• tiring kern round ;
Homo say 'twirs wadding, some It scattered
ember
From Ilren on Lire ground,
•• Hifi In nnl• minute rill the 11111 below him
\Vas.' inrt unc silent of name:
limtrlllu• the erest, tinur Clark ILIA I callr•.l 10
111111,
And--w1•Il, ill, ling was ;none•
'lll. made no ,Ign —l.ln• of hell were round
The pit of hell below
\\•.• Kat and walled, 101 l we never 1./11111i
All.l thell iv,' turned to gm
3,111 SI, I hat rink I liars Krt., no
••
1d Ih~
\V II 11awl lan
Y 1111111'err!) II 11 111 KgrILLIY
11 might !Iry I/1 . 011 it Mall-
that hittvlcil SLII.I glinsltod It, t:u•IIt
and ,Itouteol
I 1111,i 11.1111 num ,
thitl sprang Inn; alsaif
tirlz4l)!
1111. yos, it Ill , lry 101/k nail,
risk,
Alllll,llll, inaltes guy,
And thm 11. A. drop .4 whisitey
ill . L 11 right hero',"
—l , ,,rn fhr .Irt for
The merry birds are eltittlng,
AIM from the Irag rant .+ail
The spirits of ta thottiatol flower+
(Ittsweetly op (teal;
\VIIIItt In Ills letly to
We meet 111 preitte owl pray
Wlth Cheerful vole, alai gritielttl lay
autooter Sabbath tiny'
Wt. thlink for ono. lay
TO 1.111 111 11,.' I:Wt . !
Tile poor have only Son , l.ty ;
Thy ,vvelor Is th, gra,.
'Tll+ then Elloy malt, the musk
Thut !..11,g8I lit•lr ,vt•i•lc awa
11 ,1,'.5 IL SIVI•1•1111,111111111
11 .
11, lhe liar Sabbath '
'T14114 burst of sunshino,
to.nder In 11111 of n,
That, sets Po. SO/1011111:
hearts young ngain.
The dry and dusty rondbldo
With sinning litters Is guy;
"I'l4 open Ileavyn day In se•ven
'Phi. Poor Man's Sabbath day !
"l'ls here the weary Pilgrim
Doth reach Ills Douse ~r Eas,•!
Thal blessed !loose called
And that silt Chamber, "Pence,"
'lie !liver of 1.1 le runs through (lin !llama!
And the leaves of !leaven are at play !
lie het, the Unities Clly gleans,
'lids sliming Sablatth day'
'fake heart, ye faint and fearful,
Your cress with etturage bear
Se !natty a face new tearful
Shall shine In glory there;
Where all the sorrow In banished
The tears are wiped away:
And all eternity shall be
All endless Sabbath duty'
there are empty phases,
Slue" last we mingled here;
There will he nllsnlag Eaves
When we meet 11110011, year!
But heart to heart hetore We part,
itltugether pray
'Villa we may 'heel hi IfellVell, to ,pertil
The Eternal Sahli:Wl day!
J+liscclancous.
Boy and Girl Love
lII=I
There is a critical period in the lives
of nearly all men and women, which,
if they outgrow, leaves them, for a time,
possibly a little sadder, but generally
wiser, and with a much better prospect
for permanent happiness than if their
early dreams had been realized.
• From fifteen to twenty may be taken
as the average time for this singular,
sentimental and sympathetic develop
ment; but, of course, it may coin Men ce
earlier or later, according to climate,
conditions and circumstances.
I call it singular; yet, in reality, there
is nothing peculiar, unnatural, or un
worthy in the evidence of opening man
hood or womanhood, except the illu
sions and absurdities with which idle
imaginations have invested it;
and, if
the hearts and lives or men and women
were honest and true, and pure and nat
ural, there could be nothing dangerous
in a sentiment which lies at the foun
dation, and serves as the inspiration, of
the best emotions of the human heart—
the worthiest acts of human life.
There is, undoubtedly, au influence,
relining and educational, in the first af
fection which the boy orgirl experiences
for the opposite sex. For the time be
ing it is so real, so absorbing, that it
changes the aspect of the whole world,
even to the outward senses. The sky
is clearer, the sunshine warmer, the
grass greener, the flowers more brilliant
in hue, the very atmosphere purer and
more tender in its enfolding.
All this is natural ; and though, con
trary to novelists and story-writers, it
rarely finds iLs consummation in a hap
py marriage, yet it passes away without
inflicting any deadly injury, and leaves
no bitterness behind.
• There are eases where the first Incli
nation of a boy or girl becomes the last
ing attachment of the man and woman;
but such instances are so exceptional,
that one may search memory and the
experience of friends in vain to find one,
while the list of those who look back
On the " mistake " they made, or bare
ly escaped making, can be lilled at a
glance. . .
The danger of early "falling in love."
lies in immaturity, und the extravagant
laudation of a passion, which is gener
ally as short-lived as it is baseless and
unreal, by poets and imaginative per
sons, who have created much genuine
unhappiness by exaggerating fancied
m iseries.
lit nine cases out of ten—it might as
well be said in ninety-nine cases out of
a hundred—ffist love is no love at all.
It is simply the attraction which is felt
by dawning manhood and womanhood
for the other sex, developed in a given
direction by acquaintance, proximity,
or the accidents of sociallife. Taste, in
tellect, reason and judgment have
hardly yet asserted themselves, and, at
any rate, exercise no controlling influ
ence over the imagination. The first,
great desire and object of the young ex
istence is to be happy ; and companion
ship, with that one object, is deemed the
single essential to that happiness.
At this stage they scout the very idea
of reason and duty; consider it cold
blooded and cruel to talk of anything
which involves at/tendon to the ordi
nary business of life ; and wisli,a Imost to
expectancy, that some sympathetic
prince or fairy would carry them away
from the obstacles and difficulties of
the heartless world, and set them down
in that cottage in Arcadia which pays
no rent or taxes, and which has been
inhabited by lovers from time imme
morial.
The god of love Is always represented
as blind; and, as a boy god, shooting his
arrows at random among boys and girls,
he certainly should be. Young love
sees nothing, knows nothing, is inter
ested in nothing but itself and its own
desires ; and this fact alone is sufficient
evidence of its want of truth and reality.
Moreover, this blindness is responsi
ble for the wretched consequences of
immature passion—for the ill-assorted
unions, the half-born, imbecile chil
dren, the poverty, the loathing, the
weariness or life, which are the natural
results of early weakness and folly.
It is hard to make girls believe that
they will ever thank God on their
knees for saving them from a marriage,
upon which, at the time, all their hopes
and all their interest in life seems to
depend; and yet it has happened in
many thousands of cases, and will in
many thousands more, before men and
women learn to treat this sentiment
gently, restrain it wisely, and make use
of It, as it was intended, to develop in
young manhood and womanhood that
grace and aspiration which comes only
with the experience and education of
the heart.
But there Is a modern and very gener
al phase of boy and girl flirtation, some-
T/IN 3,laittotet sintettigateri.
VOLUME 72
thing dignified with the name :of love,
which possegses hardly the thin veil of
sentiment to disguise its coarseness, and
to which I turn with actual distaste and
reluctance.
The white-robed divinity of seven
teen, beautiful, wise, innocent, yet
wholly unconscious of her attractions,
whom we have all known from child
hood, is now pretty well understood to
be a fiction of the imagination. Vet
there Should be still the link of a girl
hood charming in its freshness, its en.
thuslasm, its sweetness, its purity, be
tween the child and the woman ; and
the modern girl who, with paints, and
pads, and false hair, and Grecian bends,
deforms her body, and with lies, affecta
tions, and slavish dependence, dwarfs
her soul, destroys this ideal, and puts
in its place a thing of shreds and patch
es, a libel upon all girlhood and wo
manhood, a something which only
serves for men to hang jibes and sneers
upon.
For a bit of magnesia and millinery,
even boys can feel no honest respect,
and so their very admiration becomes
impertinence, and they learn to des
pise the girl before they are capable
of loving the woman. The majori
ty of boys are sufficiently vain and
ignorant, and shallow, but they are
saved, at least, from much of the
petty trickery and deceit of girls, by the
imperative requirements of active busi
ness life. They are expected to be use
ful, and their dress Mid habits must
conform to this necessity. Slifirt hair,
simple, uniform dress, and aror/., mllllO
- them to it certain extent, and brings
them into more healthful relations with
themselves and other,.
Girls, on the contrary, are expected to
be idle. There is nothing for them to
‘1.3. There are the servants to do the
house-work, and mother to superintend,
innd papa to provide the nn:LIIS, 1111 d
their business is to get married. If they
were ever so industrious—and girls are
into rally industrious—there is literally
nothing that they are allowed to do
which oilers the slightest motive to ex•
ertion, except dressing and changing the
fashion of their clothes. Idleyoung men
in England and on the continent of Eu
rope; where they have a 'lass front which
we have, fortunately, been so far ex
empt—resort to gambling, horse racing,
and other disreputable methods of kill
ing time. What can idle young women
do?
It follows that the attentions of men
afford the only change from the monot
ony of their objectless lives, and they
spend their time in dressing and mak
ing themselves attractive to secure these.
At the age when girls first begin to
realize their existence as women, useful,
active employment is most necessary.
Nor is it work alone that is required,
but work with an object, a motive that
will prove an incentive to exertion,
prevent sentiment from becoming mor
bid, and weakness from degenerating in
to causes of life-long suffering and re
morse. The idleness of girls is undoubt
edly one of the causes of depravity in
boys. Having no pursuits in common
but those of recreation and pleasure,
they simply act as tempters from the
serious business of life, and fail altogether
to use the influence they possess to stim
ulate them to higher aims, to more per
fect ideas of manhood.
The best finish to an education that a
young man could find, would be a com
panionship with an intelligent, pure
minded, aspiring,girl, who possessed the
power and the will to work out the
problem of life for herself, and was capa
ble of infusing into anothersoul the tire
that kindles her own. But it is so rare
that young men timid such compan
ionship among girls, that they do not
think of seeking for it. If they are in
earnest, if they have a great object, a
serious pursuit, they seek sympathy, if
at all, among their own sex, and leave
girls to the society of those who are in
terested in ties, in picnics, in calls, in
spending two weeks at Saratoga, in ball
room flirtations and vanilla ice-creams,
to the exclusion of such a question as,
How can I attain a more perfect man
hood
Uirls and boys ought not to mar
ry, and, fortunately, it is very sel
dom they do; but the idle sentimental
ism or familiarity, which the boy re
members only with a sneer when he be
comes the active, energetic man, leaves
its ineffaceable marks upon the heart
and mind of the idle, purposeless girl.
The first love, which had a little genu
ine enthusiasm in it, is succeeded
by flirtation, for the sake of ri
valry; and that, by determined
efforts, in which the heart has
no part, to simply capture a husband.
The experience which God provided,
as the beautiful dawn to a golden day,
has been perverted or lost sight of. The
boy brought no strength or aspiration to
the shrine at which he worshipped ; the
girl no higher ideals of life, no more
truth, honor, or fidelity, no more knowl
edge of the facts and principles which
govern human existence and multiply
the power of human enjoythent. The
men expects front the woman a purer
morality than he finds ill the world
about hint ; the boy looks upon the girl
as a being cast in a liner mould than
himself, and unconsciously demands
front her resistance to the very snares
that he sets for her. Will not every
girl who reads these lines show herself
equal to this test? Will she not be
proud as well as gentle, dignified though
tender, true to herself, even when most
anxious to please?
I have no desire to rob girls of their
sunshine. I wish only to make it per
petual. I would not have them less
merry or less light-hearted. I would
only have them use their youth, their
beauty, their social freedom, in such a
way as to leave no sting—no regret be
hind.
Boy and girl love is one of the experi
ences which assists the growth of the
man and woman, and may be the pre
lude to the beautiful harmony of two
united lives; but the future man and
woman must not be sacrificed to it—
must not be compelled to carry forever
the bitter remembrance of early folly.—
Ih•in , ,rca!'s Mityet:ily
The Veterans of Isl 2
A New York San reporter recently
found the veteran General Raymund in
his olflee—a scantily furnished room—
at No. n City I tall Place. Around him
lay memorials of the struggle of 1812, in
which he took part and for which he
gets a beggarly zi , s a month from the
Government. A rusty musket, a tatter
ed ensign, dusty guldens, and a sword
of very ancient look adorned the walls.
On his desk was a small ledger contain
ing the names of the surviving mem
bers of the veteran corps, and of those
who have passed away.
"I suppose you come," said the Gen
eral, who has passed his eightieth year,
"to tied out something about our pen
sions?
Reporter—That is my object.
Gen. Raymond—Well, sir, I can tell
you that the act of Congress giving us
pensions is very unsatisfactory.
Reporter—ln what respects, General
Gen. Raymond—lt cuts off the poor
widows of the veterans. The law only
gives pensions to widows who were
married to soldiers of the war of 1812,
before the ratification of peace. Now,
a number of the poor fellows were young
and unmarried when they enlisted, and
when they did marry, they were so
worn out or poor in many instances,
that their wives had to support them.—
It is certainly wrong to deprive them of
pensions.
Reporter—Have any of the veterans
been paid?
Gen. Raymond—No, not one of them;
and some of them are very poor. A lot
of pension agents in this city are trying
to rob them: Why, I have received a
bundle of applications from the swin
dlers ; and I have also received certifi
cates of spurious claims for pensions
under the new law, from this and other
States. The pensions date from the 15th
of last month, and I suppose they'll pay
us a quarter's money—that is s2l—in
May.
Reporter—How many veterans of the
war of 1812 are there in this city?
Gen. Raymond—Not more than thir
ty,and the number may be less when the
pension becomes due; so you see the
law was passed too late to do us much
good.
Au acquaintance from the country
having visited some friends, and being
about to depart, presented a little boy,
one of the family, with a half-dollar, in
the presence of his mother. "Please, is
It a good one?" said the lad. " Certain
talnly," replied the gentleman, sur
prised. "Why do you ask ?" "Because
I'd rather have a bad one; they'd let
me keep It; if I get any good money it
goes into the bank, and I never get it
again."
The Coal Troubles.
For twenty years prior to 1862 the
price of coal ruled with remarkable
steadiness in the neighborhood of $3.60
per ton, the regular wholesale price of
Schuylkill coal at the wharf of Philadel
phia, never, during that period—with
the exception of parts of 18.54, 1855 and
18.56—averaging above $3.90 nor below
$3.20 During the whole of that period
the mine-owners and mine-operators
were never weary of assuring their
friends and the public that their busi
ness was always unprofitable, and fre
quently disastrous. Nevertheless,strange
as it may seem, fresh mines were being
constantly opened, new companies being
formed in rapid succession, additional
railroad connections projected and built,
and the production of coal increased
year by year, without one single inter
ruption, from one million tons in 1842 to
five millions in 1852, and eight millions
in 1862, while it is close upon seventeen
millions in 1870. Lest some ingenious
person thoughtlessly accuse the coal
miners of those days of injudiciously
sacrificing their interests to the public
welfare, it will be necessary to explain
how a large and important industry, al
though wretchedly unprofitable, can
nevertheless be expanded and increased
year by year.
All loose and reckless assertion to the
contrary notwithstanding, the area of
the anthracite coal-beds is so large that
many years will elapse before they are
fully taken up. Twenty years ago mile
after mile of the prettiest farms and
wildest mountain forests in the Vnited
States covered the most important coal
mines, and were then worth from fifty
cents to fifty dollars per acre. The
gradual increase in the demand for coal,
won hi naturally have advanced the
value of these lands, but not for many
years to anything like their present
prices. Indeed, the bona tide owner of
such property never received more than
a very small portion of the price paid
by the purchaser. generally the prop
erty was nominally sold at a moderate
advance over its farm value to some
speculator, who, precisely as has been
at all tithes the practice of gold and sil
ver-mine speculators, got up a stock
company in Philadelphia, New York,
or elsewhere, and sold the property to
the company atan enormous figure, fre
quently ten or twenty tholes the real
cost.
The profit thus realized by these spec
ulators and their confederates was for
many years the main incentive to the
(•reation of new companies and the
opening of new mines, during the very
time when older companies were earn
ing nominal dividends, actually losing
money, or in a state of chronic bank
ruptcy. Of course, each new company,
in order to justify its directors in paying
enormous prices for valuable mines, was
obliged to work the mines and show how
productive they were, and to turn out,
if not large dividends to gladden the
hearts of the stockholders, at least large
piles of coal to blind their judgments;
and [Mis s at the very time when the
company should have been getting a
high price for coal in order to earn divi
dends on the fictitious capital invested
in the pockets of the projectors and con
federate directors, it was necessarily
running its own market and depressing
the price by a steady production in ex
cess of the wants of the community.
Of course, coal mining, though stead
ily increasing, was not over-profitable
to the bowl fhb. stockholders, though
rather more than profitable to the
projectors and directors aforesaid.—
It is evident that under these
circumstances the hired laborers of
these companies could not prosper great
ly; they were truly crushed between
the upper and nether millstone, and
prior to 1513 they were about the worst
paid class of workmen in the United
States. But as the companies them
selves were not making money, but
were continually becoming involved,
and as, besides, the coal-regions offered
many other advantages of cheap suste
nance and varied employment, the
working miners were, though a rough
lot, not specially nor permanently trou
blesome. The first serious trouble in
the coal-region arose from an entirely
different cause.
As soon as communication with the
mining regions furnished a new open
ing for railroad enterprise, the railroad
schemes were taken in hand by the
same men, or the same class of men,
who had acquired experience, skill, and
money by their manipulations of the
mining companies; and similar tactics
were employed to make money out of
new roads. Of course the value of the
mines and the price of coal depended
largely upon the means of getting it to
market, so that every one interested in
the mines became an eager promoter of
the roads, and if the roads were only set
running, no one inquired scrupulously
how the thing was done. I toads were
thus built, costing in reality but one
half or three-quarters of the first mort
gage bonds issued against them, and
were then saddled with an additional
stock capital equal to the bonds, mak
ing the nominal cost of the road three
or four times as large as its real cost,
the difference being but an indifferent
reward for t he self-sacrificing protectors
and their confederates in the board of
directors.
Of course, the road was expected to
earn dividends on the of real cost, a. 9
well as on the STri of fictitious cost—and
the result necessarily was precisely the
same as with the mines; more roads
were built than were needed ; there was
not coal enough carried on any of them
to pay dividends on real cost, much less
on the fictitious cost; yet the roads must
be kept running—reckless competition
ensued, the companies at one time car
rying freight very low, and then again
desperately charging exorbitant rates,
and entirely refusing to carry coal when
the mine•owners were unwilling to sub
mit. Hence incessant quarrels between
the railroad companies and the mining
companies, first the one striking, then
the other striking; one suspending work
at the mines to force down freights; the
other stopping all trains to compel the
mine-owners to come to terms. The re
sult was inevitable. Coal companies
broke down, and their pro p erty was
gradually absorbed by rival colnranies.
Railroad companies broke down, and
their roads passed into the hands of
large consolidated companies in New
York and elsewhere.
The ruin of the railroads was natural
ly attributed to the quarrels with the
mine-owners. 'l'o make the railroads
independent of the mine-owners, it was
decided that the roads must own their
Own coal-mines, must mine coal enough
to be fully employed without carrrying
a ton for the old mine-owners, their
long-time enemies. The great railroad
companies because the chief buyers of
coal-mines near their existing roads,
and built new branches to every point
at which they could secure desirable
mines or lands. The relations between
the two parties, however, did not im
prove in consequence. On the contrary
the struggle became more and more
embittered,the railroads becoming more
exacting as they became more independ
ent of the old mine-owners, and the lat
ter being almost ruined in their busi
ness by the obstacles thrown in their
way by the carrying companies,
through whom alone they could get
their coal to market.
The old mine-owners speedily became
obliged, in the very struggle for exist
ence, to open new outlets for their coal
by becoming themselves builders and
owners of railroads, independent of the
original railroad companies. Thus
in the struggle to get possession of the
carrying trade of the coal-regions, the
excessive competition for which had
caused the ruin of the existing roads,
fresh roads were built, necessarily doub
ling and trebling the ruinous compe
tition for a traffic which was not large
enough to keep even the old roads pro
fitably employed, and since each fresh
competition diminished the amount
which each could get to carry, each road
was necessarily forced to open new
mines and more mines, and to bring
more coal to market to keep their roads
employed. But before these quarrels
and all their consequences had fully
developed, the war broke out, and with
the war came the first complication
with the workingmen.
During the general depression pre
ceding the outbreak of the war, the price
of coal sank to a lower, point than ever
before in thirty years, the monthly
average for April and May of that year
standing at $2.78 for the long ton (of
2,240 pounds) for the best Schuylkill coal
at the wharf in Philadelphia. At these
prices even the most favorably situated
mines could probably only work at a
loss, and production fell off slightly—
very slightly; indeed it is noticeable
that in 1861 and 1862 are the only years
in the entire history of the coal trade in
which the production did not exceed
that of their immediate predecessors—so
LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING MARC 1 22, 1871
steady and uninterrupted has been the
growth of this important industry. But
with the progress of the war, with the
suddenly added demand for the United
States navy, and the general increase in
business activity everywhere, coming
upon a diminished stock and insufficient
means, owing to enlistments, etc., to in
crease the production, the price rapidly
advanced. In less than six months it
doubled; in fifteen months it quad
rupled.
From $2.78 in May, 1862, the price
rose to $10.75 in August, 1801; and for
once every operator and mine-owner
made money to his Ideart's content; for
once every declared dividends,
even on imaginary capital, and such
dividends, too, that they were almost
ashamed to let them be known, but
handed them to their stockholders in
various disguises. Of course, the com
panies and mine-owners, taking into
consideration the increased prices of the
necessaries of life, immediately raised,
doubled and quadrupled the wages of
their workmen. They never once
raised the wages of their own accord.
In every instance they compelled the
men to strike, or to threaten a strike, ,' _. -..
before they yielded the advance. flow ; From Woodhill ~t: Cl:Uill',. We,..1.1..
just and necessary some advance was no 1 Our country readers, who live in all
one need be told. Whether the miners . the simplicity of nature, and know no
exceeded justice in their demands, is not , other adorning but that whirls their
now in issue. The fact is that no ad- own beauty of Mills and face, in. most
vance was yielded to them except upon ; instances, so amply confers upon them,
compulsion. will hardly believe that the fashionable
And from this time dates the present ! women of New York ignore nature al
complication with the men. As each ! toget t i l l , t e sr i , r an , s t i n r a e k le i x p. c , l , usvely upon art
strike was made the basis of a fresh ad- ' for'They send, or
vance in the price, and us the mine- did send, to Paris—until the war came
owners and operators were making enor- 1 and spoiled their rnarketi n cs—for all the
a...11:4 winch they
s t upon their persons, and eared nosh
edmousprofits, they did not objects° Much millinery and dressni k ;
to the rise in wages lei t 0 what they call- : I
no d , ing u for the cost, provided only that the
"the dictation" of the men ;
this was especially felt by the great con- :
all
dictate the fashions to
solidated companies, who are at one and , 11l the moneyed aristocracy of that city,
the same time miners, carriers and sel „ l , - , and to codfishes generally throughout
ers of coal. So long as the duty of ..!. . the world—should also set the fashion
gold a ton on pig iron put heavy profits ! for them in the instances of the dresses
i bonnets ' .1 they ordered, and in
into the pockets of the iron -smelters, I am vs , li.• 1
and steadily increased the number of! which they
. designed to astonish society
I is co-rooms.
furnaces at work, the coal-trade coati is- and its i saw la . ~ , i .,,., ~.,,,,,,.
ued active, and the smouldering lire of , PARIS CoI:MI.:ZAN , AND . .
war between the men and the great For it must be understood that purls
companies was not allowed to break into society is divided into two aristocracies,
open flames. But when all these power-; one of which we have already taken a
ful stimulants were 110 longer able to ''Tinice of, viz : the aristocracy of wealth
keep consumption up to the level of in- , ants! licentiousness, and the other, which
cessantly increasing production the ;we now introduce_ as . the genuine aris
struggle recommenced. ; tocracy of rank, manners and refine-
The ladies of the latter class dress
The markets became glutted, and in me "
Lt. , in the plainest and simplest style, la
the spring of 1808 prices fell as low
they had ever teen since 1844, with the',
though of the richest and most costly
sole exception of the temporary panic at materials, making a very distinct and
iecided contrast to the ladies of the
the outbreak of the war. If at that 1)1)11
: ' \ , .. 3, •0r1d of fashion ruled over so supremely
the coal-mining business had teen, as;
the kept woolen of the court and the
it was ten years before, in the hand of a ! t .
I•ich rows Of the city. A real lady may
number of smaller operators, the result :
~,
cud't known at once, therefore, by her
would have been perfectly
natural. The weakest opseirna',. / , ) , l r e e, dress, and so may - the handsome queens,
those whose names were least favorably iaf or esai, b theirs. lise one Muss at
! and ach d ieve y s
the utmOst elegance and
situated, would have been obliged to
d
, ecorum in her toilet ; the othe r devotes
stop other employments, as far as they
could, and, "by a gradual process, the II :,L,,111,c
her wit and wealth to "out-Herod
1 in extravagance and display,
trade would . have regulated itself. But, I ''''
among the great companies, there were
and thinks nothing of putting a hun
no weak operators. Their mines were sired thousand francs 01)011 her back.
all alike favorably situatesl as fstras, their " i. it " I ' l Es ImITATE PA ' us ("rum
traffic was concerned.. T o.‘, Ns. hey all had
large capitals invested, large roads to be . :
It is this class that the fashionable
kept in repair, an immerse amount
N
amount of women of New York are so passionate
rolling stock lobe kept running.
„,„ ly eager to imitate, and, if possible, to
of these great companies could or would ( , l (-Itvie. These are the pretty empty
suspend any part of their works. But, i heads who call themselves conserve
meanwhile, the wages of the miners i "yes, forsooth ! and who yet live so fast
must be reduced. that they have no centripetal force left
in them, but are all outsides, and may
In the first place, it was just and ; vanish any minute into centrifugal
proper that they should bear their part ! I
of the burden of an unprofitable trade. notsentity. They affect virtue and high
1 morals, nevertheless—taking Hamlet's
In the second place, now was the time
to show the working miners the hope- !
, advice to his mother in this regard,
when he tells her to " assume a virtue
lessness of their struggle against the though she has it not "—and this is the
great companies. The men argued that
sum and substance of their conscience.
a reduction of their wages would not !'They
,
like, however, to Le, esteemed by
stop the glut of coal ; that as long as all ;their set as "proper women," and hence
the companies continued to work all ex-
I they " ruts ti-muck " of all the great so-
isting mines and continued to open new
ones there would be an incessant glut, cial reforms of the time, abhor what
they call the " manly women "—wo- :
and they would not be able to find a ; men,
market for their coal even if the work- i too big
is to say, whose intellects are
g J
1 i ' to let them submit to the slay- ,
men consented to work without wages.ir own '
The workmen did twice submit to re- wages.; cry of society, who, knowing the
1 strength and rights as citizens of the
ductions, but each tins° urged the folly
of continuing to overload the market, Republic, will live free and Lustrous-
meted lives, and demand that they shall
which must end in. still further redue- have equal recognition with men in all !
ing wages to a point at which existence
the departments of society and govern
would be impossible. But the coot-
1 , meat; that they shall exercise the fran- I
panics were determined, and the history chise as male citizens do
of 1868 was a succession of strikes, sus- 1
:
citizens have the right to d and as all
o, as human
pensions, agreements, resumption ;and beings, which right has been confirmed I
again suspension, accompanied by \do- beyond all question by the Fourteenth I
lent fluctuations in price, and at one , Amendment.
i
time an advance to the very highest
figures of war times. ; THEN' HATE WooDill'l.l, .k ND (1..1.'1.1N. I
These are the themes which our fast-
The public was duly informed by the . homide
companies of all the wickedness of the ladies are so dreadfully down
working miners which had : led to this on ; and as for Woodhull a-, Ciotti's, they '
ought to be drummed out of the city
advance. But the public was not ill- ( , tad out of the I - nited States as revolu
formed that the great Pennsylvania
companies were at that time charging tionists of the worst sort, who are try-
ing to subvert the public morality and 1
more than double the freight at which bring about the reign of universal free
the Ohio and Baltimore were carrying ' love and such like wickedness. These !
bituminous coal over their steep grades : poor faS h it , i/alll,, with their unbene- 1
and costly bridges, and were daily urg- diced brains, lo literally regard them
ing the latter company to "put on at
.selves :u the ~,,,,„,.„t„,, of
what ti„, ) ,
least another dollar a ton," s o a s to en- call the s' morak" of society; pretending
able all the other companies to get that . to hate all shams and rake Words—
additional advance. On the twice and ; s u ch as women's rights adyocates :
thrice watered capitals of these cssmpan- ! and that sort of people—and setting
ies even double freights might not std . - l op their code of
licentious pleas
lice to pay dividends, and what was ores in lieu of the ten towns:lust
wanting roust be wrung from the tsar', silents. They are the strangest of all ,
sumers at one end of the road or from I strange contradictions; for they are
the working miner at the other. The shams and falsehoods incarnate; and if
Baltimore and Ohio refused to accede to
they were not they would adjudge them
become a party to the conspiracy, and I set yes, and would be adjudged by stwie
in the spring of 1869 production, in spite , —,,
t . :Ls the lowesst and VII Igarest of all I
of the long, and frequent suspensions in ,
immoral people. Dress with them is
ISIS, had again so far outrun consump- :
1 beds morals and religion ; and now We ;
Lion that coal had almost become unsal- will try and enlighten our country cous
able at the lowest figures known; wages ins—nay, some of our most knowing
had gone down—all the counter-asser
tions of the companies to the contrary New-Yorkers, it may be—by entering
i the boudoir of ssne of these pretty lash- 1
notwithstanding—to an unreasonalds• 1 ionables and seeing how she justifies !
low figure, and a complete sleasllock was ; her falsehood by her "make-up."
again in prospect. I stow THESE WoMEN " MAKE-I • 1'."
After vain ellbrts of the companies to We premise that a fashionable woman
agree among themselves upon a pro rata in a state of nature is no more than any 1
reduction of their traffic, the miners, other woman—often not a tithe as beau- 1
with great shrewdness, offered a volun- tiful as many thousands of other women I
tory suspension of thirty days, to enable
—although she does look so like Jilin) i
the companies to work off their !leen- and Heise and Venus and the rest of the !
mutated stocks. The offer was accepted pretty goddesses wlsen she has put on
and under pretence of this so-called her set-offs, and goes blazing with jew
strike, the companies increased the els into society. It is dreadful for a
freight charges over their roads nearly bachelor to think what humbugs these
one-half, ran up the prices of coal to women are. Here is a lady of question- ,
very high figures, and reaped small for- able age—say twenty-seven ; she is in
tunes from the suspension. When the her morning wrapper, although it is
thirty days had expired the companies I past high noon, and she is going to a
expected the men to go to work at the great evening party. She looks into the''
old wages; but the men declared, not
glass and sees there a yellow, brow
without an appearance of justice, that wrinkled, dull-eyed face ; a mouth full '
if tl.e market price of coal was to de- of gUins, and no teeth ; in-falling cheeks;
pend upon their suspension and resum- thin, doleful hair; neck no more like
ing work, they were certainly entitled the "'Tower of Lebanon" than I like
to some portion of the advantages of
lierellle, , , but thin, scraggy and not to
their action, and they demanded that a be named where beauty is. 'l'lle sight
price of wages should be fixed at the is anything but agreealsie,ansl the Coster
lowest price for coal, and that, if coal remedying it is; very expensive; and
advanced beyond that price, their she wishes she were really the pretty,
wages were to advance in proportion, gay woman that she is taken for in the
on precisely the same principle on which glare of the chandeliers.
the companies had invariably enforced b
sums To TitE TURKISH BATH.
a reduction of wages the moment the But, as wishing avails nothing, she
selling price of coal declined. 'l'bis Was rings the bell, orders her carriage, and
called the " basis system," the supposed drives to the Turkish baths. Here she
lowest price of coal being taken as the is boiled for half all hour in steam, and
basis of wages. when well done she is slouched with
It must be evident to every one that, cold water until her skin assumes some
as between laborer and employer, this thing like the glow and color of health.
basis system had great merit, but it be- In another Lour—after dressing, and
came not only valueless but mischievous then drinking a cup of coffeeand stook
when it was to be employed as a regula- ing a cigarette, as she lay at full length
tor of production. The great companies upon a tempting sofa—she resumes her
indignantly rejected it. Some submit- seat in the carriage, and then drives to
ted after a long struggle. Some have No. Broadway, " where that hand
never submitted to this day, preferring some chiropodist's store is„who enamels
to pay the men higher wages rather than us so beautifully ; " and in a few min
recognize the hated basis. But although utes she is in the presence of this nice
in consequence, the strike continued far young man, whom she hails of course
beyond the original thirty days, aver- as an old and most intimate friend, who
aging, probably, three months for the knows her exteriors, even the most sa
whole mining regions, the supply for cred of them, like a book. She has
the year was again in excess of the de- come this time, as she informs him, to
mand ; and as soon as work started in be done thoroughly! It is such a nui
the spring of 1870, prices again began to sance, she says, to be compelled to go
decline, and threatened to be lower than through all that weary process of enam
ever.
cling once a week; and so she has made
The Reading Railroad Company, up her mind to have her face and bust
which controls the coal trade of the done for six months. Then there is a
Schuylkill region, refused to abide by good deal of chaffering about the price.
its agreement of the previous tall, and Our handsome chiropodist insists upon
demanded that the wages should go his full fee of three hundred dollars. If
lower than the lowest price agreed upon. the lady had been pretty, why he would
The men refused at first, but after a four have thrown off something for the pleas
months' strike consented, and resumed ure it would give him to make her still
work, having exhausted their means.— prettier ; but as this particular lady is
In spite, however, of the four months' anything but good-looking, he will not
suspension of the region, which fur-
abate a dime of his charge.
Dishes nearlyone-third of the total stock, THE MAN WHO ENAMELS THE LADY.
the supply throughout the year 1870 so my lady agrees, and retires into an
again continued in excess of the de
m elegant parlor, where there are long,
and, and the price continued to de-
large mirrors set into the walls, with an
cline, until toward the close of the...yea • - . 3. , chair opposite the largest of them,
the Delaware, Lackawanna and West
ern, by a reduction of wages, brought and in a position where the light is full
about a complete strike throughout the est. As there is no need of any display
coal-regions, the men declaring that of modesty in this purely business
affair, she unrobes herself to the waist,
there is no hope of peace until all the re-
regardless of thegentleman artist's pres
gions work upon the same basis, and do once; and gets him to help her, first of
not directly compete or conflict with one
all, to weed out of her productive skin
another. the stubble of hair which has shot up
They again and again urged the ne• since the last weeding time, which done
cessity of diminished production as the the superfluous hairs are plucked out
sole remedy to the present evils, con- by the roots ; and then she clips the
tinued production at the present rate soft hair around the temples and fore
being an impossibility. But the corn- head, to give to the latter an arched ap
panies were unwilling to diminish their pearance, and, not being quite satisfied
production. Their first step, therefore, with her handiwork, she gets her gen-
was to starve the miners into submis- tleman, whose hands drip with per
sica]. They not only refused to corn- ! fumes, to shaveover the parts where she
mence work themselves, but in order to i has been with the scissors.
prevent all others from working who I NECK, ARMS, SHOULDERS AND BU:4TS.
did not control complete railroad con-' All being now ready, the serious busi
neetion with the seashore, they repeated ! ness begins. The artist applies a very
their tactics of 13139, trebled the freights powerful magnifying glass to all the
over all their lines, and cut off from two : beauties of her face, neck, arms, shoul
or three millions of people all supply of ! ders, and—alack, alack ! her bust, also,
coal, in the midst of winter, creating down to the waist! If he find any hair
incalculable disturbance to industry, there or gossamer fuzz, he exorcises it
throwing thousands out of employment, with washes, soaps, liniments or tweez
and inflicting untold suffering upon tens ers. Strange to say, the artist's hand
of thousands of the helpless poor. , very rarely trembles over his work—he is
The true nature of the evil is this.— not afflicted by any shortness of breath,
The oountry needs to-day about fifteen palpitation of the heart or shivering Of
million tons of anthracite coal per , the nerves ; and it seems to us that he
annum. Halt a dozen companies I must be a particularly 'enameled man
own mines enough and railroad fa- ! himself, with a cuticle as thick :is a
eilities enough to bring twenty-five rhinoceros' hide, or that he is a wax
million tons to market. In order to man, and has no flesh and blood in his
earn dividends on their watered rail- composition. All being now ready, he
road stocks and the fictitious values of j begins to overlay the skin that nature
their mines, they are each one trying to gave to her with a skin of his own coin
do the whole of the business.—Nolior.i posing. lie applies the enamel to her
yellow face, and then to her bust. The
. enamel consists chiefly of white lead or
arsenic, made into a semi-liquid paste.
It requires a good deal of skill to lay it
on so that it shall be smooth, and 111,1
wrinkled; and two or three houN, and
sometimes a much longer time, are eon-
sumed in making a good Siffl'of it.
A THREE HUNDRED
In this instance the lady was very ex
acting, for she had to pay three hundred
dollars for the artist's work, and it was
a long time before she was completely
satisfied. But presently she rose from •
her tusking-place in all the glory of her
regenerated body, and again looking
into the glass she beheld a vision .0 .
such surprising loveliness—compared '
with the old body underneath the ar
senic cuticle—that she tell upon the
artist's neck and kissed him in the exu
berance of her gratitude.
PI.UMPEIZS run THE HELKS.
Of the Enameling of Women
There yet remained, however, the
finishing touchesand adjuncts of head
gear and cheek-gear! So down she sat
again, and he with his pigment of India
ink and pencil of camel-hair, painted
her eyebrows divinely. Then her
cheeks were inlaid with " plumpers,"
which she brought with lier, and which
cost her twenty-five dollars. They are
made into pads, and composed of a hard
substance, which combines various
chemical materials. After the cheeks
were thus made to look like a girl's
cheeks, they were carmined with a veg
etable liquid rouge, laid on with a hare's
foot. The finale of the make-up, so far
as the nakedness is concerned, is the
adjustment of the teeth, which, when
properly set, give the mouth a lustre as
of opals, and which a pairof cherry ripe
red lips would increase vastly by the
contrast they would present to the eye.
PATENT HEAVERS _SS SHAM BOSOM.
My lady now dresses herself, and with
a chuckle of deep satisfaction, as she
thinks of the conquests she will make
in the evening in the glare of the lamps
and wax candles and gas. But her make
up is not yet half-complete. She has a
bust as white as alabaster, with shout
tiers and arms to match, and warranted
to "stand" firm for six months—if she
does not (lie before of checked perspira
tion and an unclean skin—for: in all
that time site must be debarred from
washing herself and front the bath,
which last to most women, is so
luxurious a pleasure. What, however,
is the good of a White bust if there be
no lilies and rosebuds grown upon its
flat exterior? She is well aware of this,
and tells the artist what she wants, who
immediately fixes her up with a pair of
"patent heavers," which are rubber
bags, of a beautiful lemon shape, blown
out with wind as an air cushion is, and
in this state they are secured upon the
natural plane of the sacred locality
and the woman is complete so far. These
shams cost from five to ten and fifteen
dollars each, and are a Bowery manu
facture, where other very curious things
are made.
PADDED, LEGGED, HANDED, IaINE!
But the lady before us has ugly arms
also—and these are made plump and
round by puddings of wool and cotton,
whHh is the work, however, of the
dressmaker. She wore, when dressed, a
corset of steel, padded about the waist
and hips; and our artist, before his work
was quite concluded, bad to deal with
the lady's extremities and give her a
pair of false calves—a most dangerous
operation. The make-up was continued
by a piece of artistry which occupied
nearly an hour to finish. This consisted
in painting the hands white and the
veins Hue, and then powdering them.
The trails-were also trimmed and color
ed ; and then came the adornments of
the chignon, and the long curls.
We must stop, however, for this week.
We happen to be posted in all the ins
and outs of toilet-making, as it obtains
in New York fashionable lire, and we
shall return to this shocking subject be
fore long.
Three Popular z)uperstltions
Over all the middle ages, says (it/a
/ Jornat, we see the weird figure of
a man, downcast and grave, who lin
basting, nnresting, must march until
the day of doom. The wandering Jew,
sometimes buried in Armenian con
vents, or the deserts of central Asia, in
the burning plains of Africa, or the
snowy heights of the Caucasus, suddenly
appears in the haunts of more civilized
Europe, and tells us, us an eye witness,
the sad story of the crucifixion, and Iris
share in the contumely cast upon the
God Man. He had thrown himself into
the flaming City of Jerusalem under the
Roman swords; he had fought against
tauls, Germans and Saracens; but no
lance would enter his body, no arrow
pierce the heart that longed to be at rest.
The wild elephant had crushed him
under foot, venomous serpents had bit
ten him, but he could not die until
Christ himself had returned to judge the
world. This legend filled the people
with terror and emotion, and probably
arose trout some eloquent preacher,
who thus personified the Jewish na
tion under the figure of a single
man, scattered through the world and
destroyed by persecution. Matthew
Paris is the first historian who speaks
of it; an Armenian bishop, visiting the
monks of St. Albans, had conversed
with the Jew about the year 127.5, and
from that time he appeared at intervals
in several of the cities of Europe, dress
in the old Roman costume, much worn,
a long beard, naked feet, and a sad,
melancholy expression. lie refused all
presents but a few pence, which he gave
away to the poor. At Strasburg he ap
peared in 1.581), and informed the magis
trates that he had passed through their
city 100 years before, which was verified
by a reference to the city registers. The
last time we hear of him is in the city of
Brussels in 1773.
Another no less popular superstition
was the existence of a king and Pontiff,
united in one, named Prester John, who
bad ruled a vast empire for centuries, in
which more marvels were to be found
than in Mohammed's paradise. No tray
eler to the East, dared to put a stop to this
absurd belief; some even pretended to
know the place. The kings of Portugal
sent several expeditions into India and
Abyssinia, to assure themselves of the
reality, for this immortal pope gave
many an hour's anxiety to the popes
of the West, for fear lest schism should
sprint from so distant a quarter.—
There was a curious letter, written per
haps by some partisan of the reforma
tion, to the Emperor of Rome and King
of France, in the name of Prester Joh ii,
about 1507, inviting them to settle in his
dominions, which he described as the
richest and finest in the world. There
they would see the fabled phoenix, the
griffin, the roc, the seven-horned bull,
centaurs, pigmies and dragons. There
sprang the fountain of eternal youth,
there grew the tree of life from which
was drawn the holy oil used for the sa
craments of the church; and when the
king and his court sat down to table they
needed no cooks, for a spiritual chef pre
pared all their dishes.
Another mystical being was Anti
christ, who was supposed to be born in
Babylon, and whom the Jews were
ready to recognize as their Messiah.—
The year 1,0011 was fixed upon by the
most learned doctors as the time of his ,
appearance and the end of the world.
We have a terrible picture given by a
cotemporary of the desolation which
reigned throughout Europe at the ap
proach of this fatal term; there were
fearful signs in the heavens and on the
earth—eclipses, comets, meteors, floods,
tempestsand plagues. Superstition aggra
vated the real evil of public misery; the
dead were raised ; the living were struck
with sudden death; spectres and demons
came from the abyss. Men thought of
nothing but how they would appear be
fore God; they gave up their wealth to
churches and convents; they thought
it useless to till the ground [and occupy
themselves in their daily tasks; their
fields, houses and shops were deserted
for the altar. At length the last day of
the year 999 arrived; the whole popu- 1 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1%72 DECIDED.
lace in tears and prayers crowded the 1
; W i = o el , lPhlMps Acknowledge , . that n
churches, and waited in expectation the colic President In Virtlusily
soundings of the seven trumpets and the Elected.
appearance of Antichrist, but the sun :Wendell Phillips In this wvek's National
shone bright as ever, the istars fell not standard.'
from heaven, the laws of nature were ' A blow sometimes stuns a drunkard in
uninterrupted. "It was only postpon- to sobriety. Possibly the insult offered and
ed," said the credulous ; they counted 1 the peril brought to the Republican party
by the removal of :qr. Sumner may have
the days, weeks and mouths with lode- I
, this effect on the nation We may seo the
serible anxiety, and it required twiny loyal men of the North ;ally to
, tilt; defense
yeah of anguish to restore calm ne,s to of the Union. If not, then there is but one e
their minds. thing more for Congress to do in order to
- -......-- - sign - the death-warrant of the Republican
Monkey and Mau. party, and possibly of the Union. Let
Congress now adjourn without authorizing
I think it was A. Pope that said : martial law at the South to curb the Ku
" Know thyself, present. , not God to scan : Klux, and they have assured the election
'Fle proper study of mankind Is man." of a Democrat to the Presidency. Indeed
In his infancy he got the name of the mood of NN'ashinkton in regard to the
Alexander, which accounts for his la— :march) of the South is such that we con
; ing designated A. Pope instead of a ! older the 'natter about settled. , 771 , r , t/ye , 7-
Pope. and happily' frees the subscriber ( .1 4 ,,y' 5., / ,`` , l ! . " . h .s li ` „ "2`: ',.. h . '' . 1 : . ' , ;`, 1 ,. 7:,', 1 . : 1 ,.. , : ,;' ,.., 1 1 ..
from any suspicion of irreverence. 'lids '
0 :.,, , , , , „ .',",;: . ; ‘, / , ,T a ''',7„ l ',/ . ', 2 ' . ' N .,' , : q. ',`, ,2 ; ( 1 , ,;:, t
is another illustration of the advantage , will consent to . run on a Itonmeratic
of a big capital. Only let a man be in ticket is of course uncertain. Probably he
a position to use that, and if he is mod- does not himself know yet. But evidently
erately smart it will keep him free front ' Butler's bill on the Fu Klux is not likely
' suspicion of any sort. to become a law. The saute subservieney
But there was considerable difference that ate dirt in the Sumner matter stands
between Mr. Pope's idea about the I ready to defeat that. Any substitute that
study of man and those of the person f sends Soutlternassassius to be tr o ie k il cr b , 3 . t . a
I named Darwin, who devotes hiinself to
" t s '' t r ;t v l 1 i7iig fellow-as
sti o " rt. 0 f a s ' l 4 i i tl s t i U o g ' ‘
It n u l l ( a Buren
the pleasant work of showing that ~, , u thern
millionaires at the draw-head
everybody's grandmother wfis a Mon- ,
twill awe the ku-Klux into submission.
key, or possibly a codfish. There seems no likelihood of such vigor
A glance at part of Mr. Darwin's last , either in Congress or at the White lital.4o.
book has opened to my mind's eye an ! The Santo Domingo collar on Senatorial
enormous field for Speelliat ion, and I , necks shows that they belong to a nian
have almost made at lunatic of iny,4,lf who has entered on thevourse where An
try ing to work it. ; drew Johnson perished. How far he in-
You see, Darwin is not quite sure that I
Lends to adValleo 4)n that pathway lie does 1
1,, not h i mself piny know. But the descent. is
our:grandmother ,vets: a monkey.
But I r - - was ' fatally easy. We did not expect much from
rot no doubt on the subject, I tenerai ': rant. ittn.
what, hero tinexrata_
absolutely clear in his head about,,
, t ; , etuV ata,(3 to the level .)IStaleSniale+lllll in
then or (,torso the Whole thing would ' the matter of the Fifteenth A mendnient and
be settled. But he isn't clear. Ile leaves t .1
1 o. * ..ie Indians, wesinothered all ourdout:ts
the matter unsettled, and that's how it : and gave him large confidence. The last
conies that my Mind has been fearfully few months, capped by this insolent inter
tortured in trying to find out what sort 1 ff,elif, ii ail Cengr.,,,, reveals the man.--
of thing the old lady actually was, and I We persisted in believing that Mr. Motley
whether we are really of animal or veg._ NVati removed for adequate cause until Mr.
stable origin. • Secretary Fish's clumsy letter dispelled
Any number of hypotheses come up ih° illusion. 'That "0, seen in 010 fight of
When 1 am thinking about
„ , this attack on Mr, sounner, was evifiently
iL ' aild b '''''' dictated simply and solely by spite toward
ers me sit much that I tear my hair and ' the great Massachusetts Senator. .Janies
stamp around and run a desperate risk; f i i
: Me first said, whet' came to London to
of being ordered out of the house by my i mount his throne and Mond only blunder
landlady, who can't be got to take any ' lug officials, "they hayo given tile a Score.
more interest in this important subject , I fury who cannot write, and a Speaker who
than if it were an uneonschius clam. It cannot speak." Grant is understood to be
is astonishing how indilferent some ,in the canto l
Infliction. And the Mass:whit-
persons can be to things that ali.tirli the
, '" t.t % r i w r 'rg , ',.`: - , / , 1 , " . 1 1 1it 1:; tlp,e,`-(l)rktrst) Fishar t ty"t that
_At
intellectual machinery of others. , '
It s) bet ' avt:il the secret, and let I. 4 b i o ' werld see
At the breakfast table the other day I .
that, after SiX. 111011 U% 1.41 1.10011, We
brought the subject forward, f I had been I f
eepartment cool,' net hatch a decent es
sitting up for three nights, trying to lcuSe. Just as that discreditable act was
figure something out of it, and natural- : floating away m i Iti .i..v. ,
oen comes this usur
ly it was uppermost iti my heart, i and ' patilal, WhiL;ll puLs the present Executive
the introduction of it came near bring- , into the company of Jackson's bank ic
ing on a cooltleSS. 1 got it under con- ! triguos and Johnson's attack on Stamen. i
sideration in a quiet ingenious sort of 1 The revelation it makes 1,1 the servility of
Way by saying:to Mr. Bullinch : the Senate is disheartening to all lovers of
\Vas any one or your ancestors a
free government. Every tout knows that
calf'''
'each Senator NVIIO Voted - Mr Mr. Simmer's
'
rem mu
ove., sit solely beealLhe the l'resi-
Ilinch is generally a harmless kind
of person, with a tendency to idiocy,
but on that occasion he showed spirit.—
He aimed about half a pound of hash at
me, and the consequence was a pictur
esque looking map on the wall behind
where I sat. It was evident that he did
not see the drill of my question, so I
said:
"Sir, your conduct 'is unpardonable ;'
I ant making investigations in regard
to the origin of the species, and it was
cutely in the interest of science that I
a-ked the question. I now repeat it,
sir, and I beg you to inform me if you
know whether any one of your ances
tors was a calf ?"
Then he did get mad. 1 never sacs
anything like it. Ile got up told shook
out his hair, and pranced around the
table, and it took four boarders to hold
him until he cooled off. It was no use
trying to get any information out of
him, so I turned to another boarder,
Mr. Woilles.
"Hies," I said, " it strikes me that
you must be of vegetable origin ; that
hair of yours is what they call carroty ;
your nose is a turnup, and I have heard
some speak of you as a beet. Don't you
think, now, there might have been
some cabbage head,f in the original
branch of your family?"
It was interesting to observe Woilles
while 1 was:making these observations.
It seemed as though some one hail put a
hot frying-pan under him, he squirmed
and moved around so, and made such
hideous faces. When I got through he just
gave one wild glare at toe, and made a
dash fur the water pitcher, and :is I
thought he was threatened with apo
plexy or something of that sort, I grab
bed the pitcher first, and let him have
the contents over his head. 'They look
him up stairs in a truly shocking condi
tion.
Old Turbot was the subject of my
next eflbrt to get at some facts in eth
nology. He is a queer looking chap,
Turbot is, rather eccentric, and with a
mouth very much like a codfish. All
the boarders make fun of this old man
right to his face, just because he is deaf.
I have often pointed out to them the
sin of making game of a venerable
codger like hint, but they say they
don't ; that his name shows that he is
game anyway. Ihit I don't agree with
them in this. I don't believe that Tur
bot is a game fish ; but it is no use ar
guing with these ignoramuses about
anything.
\Veil, I yelled at old Turbot, " I lave
you read Darwin, sir.'"
And the old gentleman said, "Young
man, you just let those things alone and
puss that butter, if you please."
"What do you thing of clams, sir."'
I tried to speak about forty-five degrees
above zero this time.
"No, I did not say hunt—butter."
Moving closer to hint, I put lily mouth
near his ear and veiled again.
`Do you consider it likely that_ any
portion of the human race is lescended
from the clam ? Now, when we come
to weigh different theories and , pecuta-
Lions in the scales— -"
lie burst upon me furiou:ly. "Do you
mean to call me scaly 7 You impudent
scoundrel' you unmannerly, outrage
ous, impertinent rascal. You -you --
wh-r-r !"
That was as far as he could go. The
emotions were too heavy for hint, and
he broke down. It was unfortunate
that the old chap exploded. If he had
only been calm and kept his temper I
might have got something out of hint,
for he spends a great deal of his time
reading those scientific books, which
none but lunatics pretend to understand.
But it was not to be. Fate had ordain
ed that I should have difficulty in pur
suing my investigations.
Dropping Turbot I turned to an an
cient damsel by the name of Squinks,
who 'wears an intellectual pair of spec
tacles and is considered ahead of all the
other boarders in the ethics business.
" Madam," I said, ' what is your hon
est opinion about the origin of the
species' Of course, you know what
Darwin says, but I want your opinion.
Now, do you think Adam was made of
earth, or is it likely that he grew from a
potato?"
- Miss Squiukks looked at a potato WI
her fork for some seconds, and Olen an
swered :
"That man was a poor, weak -in i nil
ed simpleton, anyway, and if I thought
he was descended from a potato I would
never eat another. Drat him '.'
" Do you mean, Miss Squinks, that
you would never eat another man ?"
She flew into a passion at once, and I
had as much as I could do to get in an
explanation of why I had asked the
first question.
" You see," I
s said " I asked because
there ale so many .persons called pota
toes, and it struck me that Adam him
self might have grown up from one."
" Persons called potatoes! Why, how
in the world did that get into your head?
What kind of persons are called pota
toes?"
"Oh, I thought you knew—the Mur
phys!"
The boarders smiled at this, and as
they were in good humor again I thought
I would try a little further. Holding up
a piece of pork that I had fished out of
the coffee, and looking at a party by the
name of Bacon, I said :
"Here is a proof of a connecting link
between man and the lower animals.—
Now, sir, this is pork ; you are Bacon ;
can any one doubt that both are derived
from the same source? This is incon
testi ble proof that man is the product of
a system or plan of gradual develop
ment. You, sir, are an intelligent being,
this is only pork, and yet the hog is the
root of each. Science proves this, and
science may yet establish the fact, im
possible though it may appear, that you
are in great part a hog still, and—"
" D—n your science And with
that a chunk of ham hit me between
the eyes, and a general misunderstand
ing ensued. But I have not given up
these ethnological investigations yet.—
Science has always had to encounter
ignorance and the hostilities of preju
dice. I will not quail.
NUMBER 1•?
dent had let him understand that, only on
that condition, could he hope to have any
influence at the departments in securing
Mlle,: for his friends. We tell only what is
an open secret at WaShiligtun, ruliticiana
there, attitudinizing on the floors of Con
gress, use words in a Pickwick ian sense and
varnish Lice acts with comelyphrases. lint it
is tit the peopleshould know the plain truth.
The President has bought Millis opponents
by refusing all winter to listen, in the mat
ter of appointments, to the recomuu•nda
tinn of any member of Congress who voted
with Air. Sumner. The only excuse indi
vidual Congressmen mako for changing
their votes is that to he ignored at the de
partments, when asking (Alleys for their
supporters, is death to their political hopes.
I fSanto Domingo isannexed, Grant secures
it by threats and bribes. The poorest mem
ory will need but little effort to re-call the
very embassy that bought a Keystone vote,
the 1114,,111p which Wt/II a Wolverine, and
the herring past that made another Senator
put On the Mining,' collar. ()lc:Lairs°, when
a party becomes merely a "ring" to divide
the spoils it touches lot downfall. 7/ is sod
to think that the pair' of a great party
should have fallen into the hands of suds
inerceintry selfishness. It is sad that
WO ran oppose to outlaw assassins at the
South, banded together, mercilessly and at
every sacrifice, for at least a great object—
secession—that we can oppose to them only
a gang of Swiss, shamelessly exhibiting
themselves or sale to the highest bidder.
And so cheated of half our gains, betray
ed in the house Or our friends, we must
rally for another such light as that - which
crushed Davis and balked Johnson. 7b
prevent the ehoireof rt. Democratic I'resident
may be impossible. But our effort must go
deeper than that. We must begin to edu
cate the people into the determination, that
if, encouraged by a rebel President, seces
sion ever lifts its head again at the South,
the North will sweep rebeldom with the
bosom of utter destruction and leave it no
ruler but the sword,until every now living
white man is in his grave.
WENT.EI.I.
rennoylvonin Iron-Ore Bodo
We clip the following from the Vsitiii/
•Yti//es ItitolrcHol emit Mining Rivi,ler:
An important discovery has been recent
ly made in Morrison's Cove, Blair county,
Central, Pennsylvania, ate! in its south
eastern curlier, known by the loot] name
of Leather-cracker Cove. The Cambria
Iron Company purchased, last year, a range
of ore rights, ou Wll'loll shafts had develop
ed a nearly vertical lint of solid brown
hematite iron-ore from 22 to 21; feet thick,
the outcrop of which runs along tile outer
edge of the Limestone i Lower :Silurian
formation which lorlus the bottom or cen
tral area of the cove, where the slates begin
to form the hose and slope of the Tussey
Mountain. The discovery of these stratum
of ore was in itseif iif great importance,
and cast new light on the vexed question
of the law of Our brown hematite deposits
helping much 1.0 explain the appearance of
ore in similar situations in otherparts of
the State, for example at the Mt. Pleasant
mines, in Path Valley west of Chambers
burg; and giving us a very sure clue to the
discovery of other deposits on the same
geologieal horizon 1100.' entirely concealed.
One of these shafts was 52 feet deep. To
drain it II tunnel. NA' MS commenced at the
creek in the bottom of the cave 21 - in yards
distant, and driven towards the shaft, which
it struck at a depth of 451 feet from the top
or sur f ace. For 213 yards this tunnel passed
through a succession of limestone rock,
standing nearly on edge. It then sud
denly entered a 111111A0 of tire, wholly unex
pected. For 72 feet it passed through this
ore, so hard that gm] powder W. 1.4 used all
the way.
To roarn wore et this cows, a 37), foot
deop air shaft was dropped tram the sur
face to the tunnel. 'rho first 17 feet of the
shaft went through loose ore: the rest was
as solid as that rassed through in the tun
nel.
A her passing through the 'ire the tunnel
was driven 5i trot through yellow clay, and
then entered the 26-foot ore-bed, to drain
which it had been originally projected.
here, then, we have a double bed of solid
brown hematite iron ore ,if the amazing
thickness of 1031 feet, With a parting of 51
feet of yellow clay.
'I gig,antic ore-bed lescends with regu
lar walls at a nearly vertical inclination,
and to an Unknown distance, under the
roots of the Tusey mountain. If continued
eastward between the limestone and slate
formations, it must rise, between the lime
stone and slate formations, in Path Valley
and the great valley of l'hambersburg.—
This it actually does at the NI t. Pleasant
urnace mines. Them is every reason then
to believe that it underlies the whole inter
vening country, but at depths which are
sometimes enormous. For under the
Broad Top coal region it must lie at a
depth of four or live miles, that being
the space occupied by the Lower Silu
rian, Upper Silurbin and Devon' slate,
sandstone and limestone formations
Donn No, 111 to No. XII. Whether
the ore holds anything like its Leath
er-cracker size the whole distance,
will never be known ; but all analogy
teaches us that its thickness will vary all
along the line, and vanish to nothing un
der certain areas. Whether this remarka
ble deposit runs underground in a straight
and narrow belt front Leather-cretcker
Cove to Path Valley, or spreads about in
all directions under the Broad Top, Hun
tingdon and McConnelsburg country,
ramifying and re-uniting like the water
lagons in a swampy district, we shall never
learn, for the ground for the central por
tions of ore area lie tar ,below the reach of
boring tools. But outcrops of the ore
around the sides of Morrison's Cove, and
the outcrop of ore for twenty miles in Path
Valley, show that the belt of deposit is a
broad one; while the presence of great de
posits of ore, in the same geological posi
tion, as far away as the country between
the Schuylkill and Lehigh rivers, proved
the immense outspread of the general de
posit,
It may help our readers who love the
iron science to get rid of the old " pocket"
prejudice respecting brown hematite ore,
if we add one more item to our description
of the Leather-cracker bed. On the oppo
site side of the Cove, the limestones and
slates turn over and go down nearly verti
cally in the opposite directions, i. e. west.
Here shafts have been sunk to the depth of
100 feet on the 26-feet ore-bed, and it is
found quite regular. Several miles further
south the dip turns and the bed comes up
again, all right. Search is now being made
for the great lower member of the bed on
that side, 4326.
Recent letters from Hon. Hiester Cly
mer state that he is In Rome, and in
good health. He is trayeling iu compa
ny with a sister who resides abroad.
His return may be looked for next sum
mer.
ITEM=
BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS, fl 2 a year pc
square of ten lines; $8 per year for each ad d
Lionel square.
• • •
REAL 'ESTATE A DVERTEEING; 10 Cents n lInC in
the first, and 5 cents far cacti subsequent In
Insertion.
GENERAL ADVERTISING, 7 cents a line fut II
first, and 4 cent, for each mihsequent
tlon.
SPECIAL NOTICE 3 Inserted In Leen] OVUM ,
IS cents per Hue.
SPECIAL NOTICF-4 preceding tnarriages
deaths, 10 cents per line for first Inserted
and 5 cents for every subsequent Insert I , 01.
LEGAL AND OMER NOTICES—
Executors' notices
Administrators' notice
Assignees' notices
Auditors' notlees
Other "Notices," ten lines, or less,
three times
ANOTHER TRAGEDY AT E t
Tern-111:e to the Steamer Enrol...
The Anchor Lino of Steamships,
between New York and Glasgow, aporars
to be most unfortunate of late in
voyages across the Atlantic, attlion.iii
company possesses stone of the finest sh,i s
afloat. A few weeks ago a number pi s ,
men were suffocated on board of Sits Is
mailia, belonging to this line, wills I!
fowed the loss of the Cambria, while in
her passage to Glasgow. Itoth
events were preceded by the hiss of tlip I I -
hernia off the north coast of Ireland. N •SN
collies another disaster.
'l'be steamship Europa left tits-g.o, Icr
New York on the 2501 of F:Owl:at . ,
m
having on hoard one hundred :il s.
passenger., together with a ere , , I linc
1110111tIld tkilik•ON, 1111.1 k :" ILc
command of t'apt. )lelionalil, a oil. I!: 111
well-known to the shipping con uunu..
She had not proceeded Llt on her c.t
Lrfiire She encountered i.et ere t 1..:.
which, instead of abating,o.
the -1111 of Alarch she eneontitered ,•7 :t•
gales, shipping heavy seas da,, .n••.
these inerea,ed with great vigor untd tli
evening, when about o'clocli tin y rv.l it I
a elinia . At this Unto the ship Ica,lll LLI
Undo .1,.;t0 north, longitude 3,..'d0 w,,t, and
at 94.") she ,hipped a very heavy .0, n
starboard side, which earned away the
tail's bridge entire ill
Feu I l Culn.! , u t t'vcrl.ard.
'Piece were the tap Wiu, hnlaW,
first officer. Mr. littvit , , and the third ~ 1
fiver, Mr. Waller, who wert.stantling npmi
the bridge at the time. o boats ti el - , .1:
stove in, and the main Itomit
As soon Iw the slid 4 , 01111'1,1R, 5511 , math'
1:110W11 11114 . 1 . Ofliocre, enotts tet.
instantly nutdo to save the 1111 , 11 by
ing net lines and ',topping the ship, Init
without avail. n tINVIIII4 to Iht. 114 , 11‘ y
running' the 'Witt wi,ettinpolted o. pn.rr„l
in order to .are her tern torther
anti the sarnnd Iro r,r. Filthts , 0
sumell ehilrge.
During the night the ton.
to ship very heavy seas. Fair N, tailor s, l
ill the next lay, ttllich htnlell sr oral
but the storm nil, riled attain.
the untiring energy of Ullioor 1 , 1111.iy
the crest' tinder him, tho shy
rived at, k2tulrantme, on Monday, Hip I It h
mst., much t, the dr light of Id ("II I oi,tl I,
anti va , up Ow bay next morale_.
'lho tm fortunato 1,11101111 Wl,l oxp. 1.
navigator, alia nits groat!) .
largo oiroto of Irived.s, both in this count,
and in England. Ilii
years of ago, Mot has 111,11 in
Vivo of the I.ln, jrt• the !last on 1.1
seven yours.
Thu iirst xv:is al., a
tried Mail. r. Ile N 1 a, 11111 y nne 10111. ulit 11,
Etna Illirleallously eMeaneti ••11111,, reel. n
HIV H ibernia Ica..
un that Decasi,. he Sc as
for thirteen days, wilt, lio %yam 101111
picked up hy a peeving vessel. Ile wa,
year, 111 urr, and nu harried.
Ilto third t,iliovr, wit 4 al a Nl,l
ful mean.,
The Ellrella. is ,iii.dilered he her lie, •
to be the safest boat of the line, and h..-
1.1111,10 801110 0.Xcl(l110111 pas,ages.
Thu %vas
Stephen :Sims, of ;13,44 ,,, , in 1 ,., 117,111111 I
a barlc.riggisi ship of 1,701, tons bur, cu
carrying four masts. I ler engines
hem) power. In length she ie2:Bl fet,
feet wide, and feet deep.
Before tho cabin passengers letl the
ropy a wieeting, Was held, at which the fol
lowing resolution of thanks was u11:1.111•
motsly adopted. . . .
Resulted, That. on 41111's:ire air rival in this,
hair port of destination, art,- all I.V1•11LIIII
and perilous voyage, we do aelinowledgo
tho protecting hand and watchful tlarl. of
our Ileavenly Father, and that,wh deep
ly deploring, the 14.4 of our much esteemed
Captain, \lrlhm alt s \I r. Davies, l'irst ()M
-eer, and :\ Ir. \N . :tiler, Third (Wirer, who,
during a fearful gale on the evening
Nlareli -I, were washed overboani front tho
bridge, thus perishing nobly at their i”on
of duty, we would avail ourselves ut tin
opportunity in expressing lour hearted.
gratitude to Mr. I'. S. Finlay, ;Second ith
eer, who, left in ranch trying oiretinistam• , -
with great skill and presenee of mind,
backed by a willing crow, brought the im
I.oe steamship Europa through a
of gales in safety to this wet. To Mr. I
sett, l'iirstr, for his kind and gentleman
conduct we are also much indebted. NV,
would add that ono anti till of 111 e crow in
every department seeint4l to with e.'.11
other in the active and hearty diarliar - o. of
their various duties.
Signed in name of the iiiii.senger,.
A LEx.
A New York reporter bad all IlltorVo,‘
with Mr. l'orson and Mr. Turner, why
well known to the shipping illallllllllllly uI
this city, and 'lwo:Niger,. nit the Ell "I
OlihrlOPll him that great credit dee
LC (Wirer Finlay and OW who wort. eel
With might and main to do all they eeo I.;
for the surety of the vessel, and it was it •
tendril to get up some substantial •
monial Finlay's return [rein tn.
next voyage. A collection Was loath.
the steerage passrngers for the bonen; -1
the crew, and rosolunonn of thanl:s
to the above, were also passed.
Pantin' and Fa11111m.; at Ilarrl•harg.
'l•he editor of the Ea.ston .It.gtts visited
Ilarrisbur'g a short time ago and spent
siilerable time in an attempt to fathom all
the mysteries tits pasting: and folding. lie
gives the following as the result of his ri -
searehes :
Nora gentleman ~r serial tastes and 111
tlolent disposition, averse tin intiell word.,
but looking kindly on gotiti pay, there is a
millenial spot on earth where his dreams to
bliss elm Le fully realized. IL is to Ise roll ml
in the Ititsettithe of the Capitol at I larri,
burg. I lore is the loafer's haven--the rest
ing plats, where the weary litinitticroviping
the dews of exuding runt from his beat , d
brow, can pallSl3 ual.l cry out, "I have lieut.!
it. Let me paste and fold until I die. -
ifo an unsophisticated yeoman, Or I•t•o•ii
I, an experienced publisher in the baba
id mailing large editions of a daily re•sv-t •
paper, It would seem that the letsinoss tir
dispatching the public tits:um/ads of Penti
sylvania would be a work of easy perform
requiring but a few busy hands
and a small expenditure of money. Put
into 110 graver mistake ttould yeoman to
publisher tall. Pasting and lidding IS it
tar the most 1110,1101a0114 nod eiaborall.
work done under the roof of the Capitol,
It employs a body of ',MVO
numbers to a full company of soldiers.
It exacts the Iliad compliihted and minute
division of labor ever !lean! of Oil earth.
Not among the hosts of high officials
doctors, apothecaries, ladies-in-I%lollllg,
nurses, and sub-nurses who used to asse,
annually at Windsor Castle in itrt•stotting
to the loyal people of England a
prince or princess—one nurse bearing the
royal right suck —l/11 , ,tilf, its lel t
another warming its lithe shire—another
cooking lint earliest oat:tip—another sulking
up its crib—while the great men oiler - nil
cungratulalio us std tine ithetors lurked
about in tierce--we say, :Ira in that angled
abode, on soon an occasion, was Chet, a
nonther sub-division of labor than that
which exists in the vaults of tine ca l -
itoi at liarriata,rw. Throe ,a• four a , -
tIVO ln,ilulvs could do the work the
Whole body, amt it in a maths 1i eNtroin , .
delicacy to So Opportioll the daily stem
among eighty that each shall lie able tit
declare that he is nut eating the bread 4,1
utter hiltless. Therefte-e, much thought
and time are expended 11p011 every detail
of the mystic proconfs by which a legisla
tive document gets from the grin Ling-press
to the mail. The boiling of 14:10 paste is
a most nice and critical operation requir
ing some twenty or thirty clear intellects
and active bodies. line chap knocks the
hoops from the bead of the barrel of flour
--another removes the head. Another pro
dupes a sooop which he hands to still an
other, and this individual transfers a por
tion of the flour to the kettle whielt is
borne by two sturdy public servants. The
Bucket-Keeper then delivers a five-gallon
measure to the Water-I'3l,liter, who, hav
ing it at the hyckant.l sinks back ex •
boosted, and gives it inter tO the Bucket-
Bearer, who transfers it to the Chief
Chemist. This official, with three assis
tants, has, in the meantime, been watch
ing the lire with intense interest, while
twin subordinates have poked and plied it
to the proper heat. The Lather is called,
i wino proceeds under the direction of this
' Chief Chemist With x the flour and Water 11l
due proportions and, when these have been
adjusted, the Chief Engineer sets the ket
tle on the grate. 'rho As,rniutot Engineer
watch the rise of steal.. on the surface id
the mixture as it heats, ant report front
time to time to their I Wel'. When, at
length, it tins littitilleti its prOper consist
ence, the Lifter removes the kettle front
the tire and gives it in, charge of the Cooler
whose duty it is, with two Iltputy-Coolcrs
to sit within a convenient distanee in 1111
arm-chair and wait till the paste has given,
out its caloric. (N. B.—'There is a groan
competition for places in, the Cooling De
partment.) After it has chilled sufficient
ly the Dipper transfers it to isanvenient
pans, and it goes last of all to the Brushist,
who places In each of these a bran new
brush. You will observe that this makes
a large day's job and enables a heavy tort,
of our fellow-creatures who would other
wise be in the alms-house to get an honest
living without danger of an early exhaus
tion from over-work. The after-operations
of cutting wrappers, folding, and the like,
are ramified with equal ntinuteness, and
the Pasting and Folding Department of
Pennsylvania may. 1,0 pronounced in tri
umph of executive organization. These
places are greatly coveted Lind largely
sought, but they generally fall to defeated
candidates for the Senate and House, or to
the brothers, uncles or sons of the sitting
members.
=E 2 =EOM
CAMDEN, March 15.—At the municipal
election held in tlins city on Tuesday, Sam
L. Gaul, Radical, was elected Mayor by 143
majority, and A. C. Jackson, Democrat,
Receiver of Taxes, by about 200. no
Common Council stands 8 Republicans to
6 Democrats. The election passed off
quietly.