THE LANCASTER RTFAAAGENCEt PLTIILTSTIED EVERY WEDIPSSDAY BY 11. G. SMITH & CO A. J. STEINMAN G. SMITH 'I...AS—TWO Dollars per annum payable In 101 cases 111 10%1%11.3e. THE LANCASTER DAILY INTELLTGENCE p ls üblished every evening, Sunday exce R pted, uL $5 per annum In advance. OCCICC-SOUTWASST CORNER OF CENTRE tWARF.. 13ortrp. 111= A. Fowlly Portrait 111 ./I.IVER \VENI,EI.I. 1101.3 l KS. “1,11(111101111,'S II11;11.1 . : lip r I goes., rlrlr notonter , . or t•otto•lhittg It , ot Girlish bust, 101 l wootattly otr, 51 110,J111, SWIM i• forehetol with 1114,11.1 half . Lips Holt lover lots never kit , t.e.l, Toper 11114 15 and sfehtler trrkt. Haugh.. oteeve. .1111.1trotoolet t they pointed ll' It rtnti.l. 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A r 111 , 1.'1 , 1 , 11,0 1 , , .1; I T11,•1, , , , 1i ••••,11 , •1 ~,111 ~,,, • 11,, •• till , 111 , 1 1 1, , I ‘,/ 1,, , Soft 1,1114 , 1,1,:it1i Ngol 111..11,41it N.1111.•1l . , 11111 lIIVI' :I 1,0/I.' 11“1.14 • ;di Ar;.l lit 11t.t.1001.w2. I , 11 “11,1 111111 1'1111111:1., .1 11 I:Ltly 1..., 1,111 :.21.1 I:tr llrt:tg.•• /- ItJ I 1., 1r II 11115 sy I f:t1 , 1.• r 1t.1 , 14 . 111. 1 1 II .1r0,11,.• a 1d , •..1:14. I sl ill 1,,,1 . AII , I 1.11 Ili , t1111 , 1i...11..1.1/ A 11.1,11.1 ,Vllll 111, P,1 , ..•i1• , 1.1 ,1111.• .Plll, I,i• .1/141 iit 1,111 lid llv, , I I :11,,01r...,1y.:t itiisrtiancotts Our 1.3( The e•yi., sl velure, an l 11:4 11'1• , 11 nlhnir.lliun a, they Stil . ., • •••lVl . lY taiul our aL tell iu t, It, :Mil is iii - l'- r.•i•lly 1 . 11111111111 . 11 t ul' the •r 111, , iiiilllllllll , l i•ye. ill n.. nlher Way. [lntl 14,11,1i(li•renL it NViilllll liiiv.• 1.1,11 Ilio fir :111,1 iiiilllll it: Race kill t,“•nr111, rrutn rar, 111, ' Ip,•:tuly. ll=l Ev,.,...\• norm,' icyc cajnilph. 44M. LL71,1( Varit'ly 'lca' . ,111 n. 1,1-0 anti With 14111:II 1•1,11'110 , -. P.,IL lilt I , I),VOI'S ' eX - IviNive :1-• liny nvertasll. ltecanse tint c . v., ( . 311 ,C111i1111t , '11101•1•IS \V • 1111“llt illlll . llllmv Incy should h.: 1,0 1:c1, allin,st constantly looking at small obicct s , t v e y.• for varyin,2, - ilsc, and, any otlicr Iln• tlicy may I, nnicchlcd or injured I.y thcir !ost deln..ac powcrs continually and it, .1111• munucr. )iii i 111 ' 1111 i laid liclWil it Il i :tiler Ili 11i . ..111111H , cy,•. lixed bc,nl:s. Apart In the prnol,lll, injury to We by applicati4i. ,:t1i,11,1 I lint 1,- , 01],:, uspet•ially ciimuot ho n. mene)ry when Ile• eyes are lixed they aro I•erillitled itt Thn• eye:, i•. 111,1• ~C te•n ;Ind Inn: , t wuc h ill (ilk,' if I the t'' \rill' the \•i,ilde to till ext,•rit which I. tiehteer.thle h. ether mental A ,h , tile_flh,hed eiteraver " I tin a fill , think: . thnl lilt. lily lii.' y their ax,.•s to Mare a v,•ry ,11:411t Thi illy I.le,tvathot ihe Ile.teght i.vxaellr 111, , nlynisine 4 that IN . the eye, Nehei, :Lta hm)k. I'M' He sill:, fir f.Vidi oyffs it would tie 'mist di-fir:WMilcu efluffiltifin should h simpliticd. IL SCaI'UOIV . 4 . 111 1 , 1 6, tr, say a win ,1 uI warn it) in reLtar,l to et' the power of the eyes; hut !MI rare where et,thlreii tultilts have dime their eyes orious harm by trying to 1001: at the HIM ; 0r by üb , 'l'vitig at , ‘ villi T it u-ing a ,niul:od ght-, The uirecl. SOUL!' ii:4lll.:utu ht•al ill tho,o raven Li/ tlestnly imwt.r in a gre:tler ,Jr loss pfflioll lilL. rt•tina. Injury 1111 y 111./ result 110111 11 , 111.4 flue oyes for looliing at ohjeot, hy moonlight, whi o h do, not give ,11111,iont illuwiva lion for ,114.11 There 1 . 11111, I..rHial cp.- , root their ittovoc , grtoVll anti lit4lll, or tott-i,tailt•tt froin 11/tlking al snwll near tilt \ luql t period arri v " it " error It: per,.-.1 in elitteaVol l , In I:41 :IS forillorly Ilto ryes; but nitwit 11,e most be :ivoitlittl t•xetti:l in :t t•It . :11* light or with (Ito rt . triirt•tl tt- Will h•rra tier Le 21:Isse, shouLl net \V [III, :IVI/11l doing sn. 011 lIIe , olitrary, they serve lu prevent strtiuing of the tty,, :Llitl presurve rather Wan injort• Certain defeets of ritrest•livtt ittover nre illitt to Ilialrorniatitoi of the eye, either existing front Hill: or lily tired :tlitl aro 11111 to be rttilloyttll Ity ronletlitts or by Inaliii1111:1111:11. iiiisoliit•votts error to suppose that not form or ;lit ttl:t,lit•Lrloltt . , filled Willi fluid call be changed except for the nionient, by pressing upon it Nvith the tinger,, as has been re commended by ~\ All the 'theories that the etc can have Its form favorably modified by rubbing it al\vays in one direetion, or by any other 1141(0 no lotiotlnlitto Bill. While itersit:ttoil stilittezing, at•t•ortl ing to OW,. Method..., call IleVer 111/ :Illy iterulanent trototl, it iliVolves groat It Hilly lead to coligt,lioll antl littinor rliage within lilt' eyes; or give rise to de struct ive llainniat ion or the formai ion of cataract by dislocating the crystalline lens ; or cause almost intmetliate loss or sight by separation of the retina from its neighboring parts; or allay increase the giving Ivay of the land: part of till' globe, which is already often la.gull ill near-sighted eyes. The 5:1111e Nvarning (till apply with equal force against lily lit, lir lilt . eye clips littutl Willi rullltto . 111111,, to alter the form of the eyeball, as is asserted, by -artist. Valuel and dangerous as they are, persons are often persuaded to purchase and try thent—sonielitues to their sort,INV, E:=l Myopia, or " near-sight," i, by tiro• the most important, as it i, also one of the roost common of the refractive defects of the eye. In the other forms of ab normal refraction we have merely a de fect of construction - , giving rise, it is true, to annoying disabilities, but hav ing no tendency to further• changes of structure or function. Near-sightedness, on the contrary, where it exists in a high degree, is not simply an infirmity, as is usually supposed, but is in many cases associated with grave disease of the posterior parts of the eyeball, hav ing progressive tendencies, and not sel dom resulting in loss of all useful vision. It has furthermore, a strong disposition to hereditary descent, reappearing in the children or grand-children of my• apes. The defect in form, in short-sighted eyes, does not consist, as was formerly supposed, In an undue prominence of the front part of the eye, but in an elongation of the whole globe from be fore backwards, so that It assumes an olive or egg [shape, instead of being T..[N. l i taitOte/t . .s l,ttetit4cit:(/ VOLUME 72 round. This lengthening mostly occurs at the back part of the eyeball, and is not to be observed at first sight; but in many eases we may see that the eye has this altered form, and extends back far ther than usual in the socket, by draw ing the lids apart at the side next the temple, the eye being at the same time turned towards the nose. All the coats of the eye are implicated in these changes, which take place, smnetimes by gradual expansion at every point, but usually by a more con siderable giving way around the en trance of the optic nerve. In examina tion of such eyes after death, a positive bulging of the:sclera is seen at this point. During life we can observe these changes, and watch their progress, by means of the ophthalmoscope. 'Phis instrument, by which we are enabled to illuminate and explore the interior of the eye, has thrown new light upon the whole subject of near-sighLetilleSS. fly its aid we are able to follow the morbid changes as they are succe , sively de veloped. We ennui distinctly observe the progressive giving way of the retina, optic nerve, choroid, and sclera, to form the bulging which is termed posterior staphyloma; can notice the congestion and other changes fwilowing impru dence; and, too oft,,, can ` , 4 . the ad- vent fliSCilarati,ii Of t h e rctioit from the ehoroid, with its accompanying 1,,s of sight. ils the retina expands with the gen eral enlargement, the nerve 'tissue, in that layer of the retina which is the seat of its especial function, is of course ex tended over a larger surface and It-per ceptive power proportionally weakened. i\lany such eyes are therefore unable to senk distant:objects tvith normal clikarneskk even with the glasses which most com pletely correct their myopia, although' they see small near things perfectly well. It seems to he n cl'i.,,ary that a nit in her of rays should fall upon a gic it area of the retina in order to pok -11(11, a lit -I ilict impression. This lack kkf acciikeick-s of vikkion is niten much great er in thk• evening, ski that f wrsmim thus killi•cted can ilia see to drive a horse safely or distinguish the outlines of lib- EyCS tvhirlt anc but slightly myopic often see nearly as well as others at a dislative by the aid of suitable glasses, and they have almost 11,11 . 11iPil•11.8, 1111111•1111 1 , 101 in a dim light ; these facts have given rise to the popular belief that near-sighted eyes are stronger than others, kind able to bear every I:inkl of use and abuse; and the delusion i, eliClitirilgell by the disposi tion shown by ntykkric persons to choose occupations requiringclose,ight,and by their ability to read at !In advanced period of life without glasses, This he lief would he well founded, but for the tendency to thegrailual changes already klikscribekt. The progress or the al terat ions iu the posterior parts of the eye is ravffil4l hy the stooping position of the head, which allows the blood to liecumulate in the vessels of the eyeball and by too long continued use or the eyes upon minute objects, which requires such action of the external moseles that the ghthe is compressed from side to side, and is thus made to yield still further at that part where the already thinned tissues olli•r but slight resistant.. NVith each degree chall.'e the 'mass,: becomes easier, the eyeball grows mis-shaped to a de gree which limits its motions in the socket, and the eye most atreeted nu longer nets with its fellow, but is this posed to turn outwards, and to give lip ullem pis at • \ II increased implieation of the re tina in the morbid changes, it; lna•cclry 1 is more or less reduced, especially as regards tlistantobjects, and gla:ses no longer give thew the clear ourlines. The liffirhhi processes may he arrest ed at the e:u•ly stages of their develop ment, and by good fortune and prudent management the oyes may retain through lily nearly the normal powers, or even considerable changes have tal:en ;dare, these may remain station ary awl give rise to little Pint it they !Ire alit recognised, and means taken to avert their prog . re,e, they mac go on till the retina becomes useless, living separated from the clio roid by Ilaid which collects between these membranes. =ll 'File changes I have deseribed are in sidious in their course. 'Slight warn iirgs are sometimes felt but as a rule, the eyes, unless examined with the oph thalmoscope, exhibit and feel no symp toms calculated to excite alarm, except, perhaps an increa,i2 of the myopia, which frequently, but not invariably, occurs, otter' unnoticed by its subject. After reaching a certain degree, there is little hope th u do. a further hanges will he averted by any care or skill. The con ditions have become so unfavorable that the morbid tendencies can no longer be successfully opposed, and each year sees a downward progress. Even where the staphylomatous enlargement has not been excessive, separation of the retina will sometimes suddenly occur. I have repeatedly seen cases where this had taken place within a single twenty four hours, after some unusual exertion of, the ores, and where blindness was :drently nearly complete. It is quite time that the attention of the community was drawn to a matter of so 11111111 importance. At lua,t. im some classes of society, the possilahty of blindness at or heat' middle life folio changes incident to excessive near-sight (slues:, as well as the predisposition to I ransmit the sane' infirmities and liabil ities, ought to be taken into account in forming matrimonial alliances, like any other impending disability from incur able ailment. The fact of its being fre quently inherited once understood, par ents should watch for any early mani festations of its presence in their chil dren, and take measures to prevent its progressive increase. Teachers should impose upon myopic eyes as little as possible of studies requiring close appli cation, even though at the tinle the child (lakes no complaint. It is ques tionable if our system of education, aug menting as it does the frequency and degree of near-sightedness, kali ad Va Hee in CiViliZatiOn. It would be better to go back at once to the oral teachings of the schcols of Athens, than to go on creating our favorite type of educated men and women, at the expense of their own and their children's eyesight. No rnedical skill can bring back these delicate tissues, once distended, to their f wmer healthy condition, or even in some cases prevent, the steady onward march of the disease. l'oit prevention is in a measure within our power. I\ ly • (Tic eyes should not he oso,l oonlinu oosly i'or small objects, and especially with the head bent forward; tine and bad print sboUld be a fatal objection Ma school isalk; the use of lexicons, or close mathematical work, should be limited and interrupted; written exercises should be almost dispensed with ; and the child should be spared search upon the map tree unimportant places. The book should be held up when possible, and the pupil should not keep his head leaned over his desk, nor be :Wowed to study by a feeble light. If by these precautions the child reaches adult age without any consider able development of his myopia, he will thenceforth be comparatively safe, as changes are less likely to occur after this period. Ilut if, front thoughtless mis management, large awl progressive structural alterations of his eyes have been" brought on during his years of .unity, he may not only lied himself disabled front pursuing such other oc cupations as he may desire, but may be in a condition foreboding further mis fortune. Except when slight, myopia lessens little if at all with age; but it some times happens:with those who are only a little near-sighted that, while still re quiring concave glasses for clear vision or distant objects, they will, after mid dle life, also need convex glasses for reading. The use of glasses for distant vision is often objected to by parents and friends, from an idea that the shortsightedness will thus be increased, or in the expec tation that the eyes will become of nor mal power at a late period if glasses are not worn. Both of these opinions are erroneous. Myopic eyes are not injured by wearing Suitable glasses ; but, on the contrary, are often preserved from injurious pressure on the globe in the indulgence of the habit of nearly clos ing the lids in order to obtain a clearer impression of the images of distant ob jects, as is commonly done when glasses are not worn. Nor will the myopia be appreciably lessened by abstinence from glasses. It is best, therefore, not to de prive young people of the many plea sures arising from distinct vision of things around them in the illusive hope that the great ' ,sacritice thus made will be compensated by any benefit.: Such glasses should be selected as make distant objects clear witbout les lening their size and giving them an unnatural brilliancy. If no glass gives this clearness, the acuteness of percep tion may have already become impaired or there may be a complication of the myopia with astigmatism. Many my opes use the same glasses for reading or music which they wear for distant vi sion. It is best, however, when the myopia is but slight, to dispense with these in reading, sewing, etc., or to wear a lower number, such as will allow of distinct sight at the distance where the took or :music would ordinarily be placed. .11u:st In' W. WILLIAMS, M.D. I have gut a cough. What shall I take to cure it Most of us are ready with an im mediate and confident answer to such a question ; but the doctor will not pre scribe till he has asked a number of questions, which seem to have no more to do with the cough than with his wooden trumpet, or stethoscope, which he so provokingly persists in putting to every out-of-the-way part of the chest while he makes us strip our wraps and ruffle our smooth linen.. What we want is to have the cough cured; re don't want to be told that the "bronchial membrane is irritable, ;,trid that we must give up our evening parties or evening church," still less that the eough is due to a gouty tenden cy, and that we must avoid !neat sup pers and porter, port wine and filberts. \\e W:uil sume ithySil. Io cure the cough ; we de net want our pleasures and enjoyments limited, fir to refrain from the eery things W C mo-t l:wnc \s bat they' wean by ;" it is unca-e, disturbance, Mi=l -symptoms" of the real evil to be com bated. That which the patient thinks of absorbingly, the skilful pfaetitioner only regards so far as it serves to indi cate how and in what part the body is mha•ted. What, then, can be more nat ural than that tile patient, finding his immediate needs are not responded to, goeii, in ,guest of one Who is ready to promise immediate cure of every sypm tom. Hence it comes to pass, that quaeks thrive because they supply ex actly what is asked for, although they have not the ability to discover the cause and nature of a disorder. Ilence arises, also, the very common belief in "patent medicines" and "infallible specifics." It is the habit of the trained physi cian to look more to the hidden causes of disease t h an to the surface symptoms; but the patient thinks only of the re moval of the symptoms. An illustra tion trill explain our meaning. A coughing patient applies to a doo tor of the old-fashioned school. The cough is found, on inquiry, to lie dry anti spasmodic, and Sl,lllO medicine is given to loosen the dry cough a nd con trol the spasm, or, to use the technical terms, an expectorant and 11.11 ti-SpaS modic mixture (for example, squill and prussic acid, is prescribed. If the sufferer apply to a somewhat more modern practitioner, he Will be questioned asto the origin and:durationof the disorder, and, perhaps, the ear will he applied to the chest, and the throat looked into. The patient is told that he has "bronchitis" or "enhged tonsils," mud must apply the remedies proper for these allbetions. • Hut, it bur patient vonsults a physician of the modern selusd, his vice box and windpipe will he scrutinized with the aid ola lamp and mirror i laryngoscope; his chest will be "explored ;" it will be "percussed"—"thuniped," as he calls it —ad listened to with the stethoscope lausculatiom; its size and movements will be measured. Nor is this all. The doctor must needs in:n.:ire ill about the imeestors—whether the father was asthmatic or the mother consump tive— and may even want to know about the aunts and uncles, brothers, sisters, and children. Ile asks whether the (we:math:ft is a dusty one, whether the residence is in a damp or bleak Meality, the rooms ill-ventilated or gas-lighted, what have been the pre vious the dfct, times of rest and exercises, and fifty other seemingly inquisitive questions, which our old fashioned friend would never have dreamed of. At last he comes to the conclusion that there is a red spot near the vocal cordi—"a granulation on the arytenowpiglottidean fol.1"—or that an out-of-the-way lobe of the lung has lost its elasticity, owing to the fact that, in eMisecinenee of it l'rae.ur ed HI. years ago, that part has lawn left Brune to disease; the house [wing damp, and the clothing detective, rheumatic condensation ."fibroid pro liferation": (.1' the lung has ocrurre.l.— lie an inhalation nC " atomized" caustic, applies tun-tar:l leaves to the skin over t h e 311,cted portion of the lung, orders lit hia water with meals, change to a dry house and a sandy soil, to leave (di singing :did loud talking, and many other things which it is very hard to do, aced all this when what was needed was simply a remedy for acough Can we wonder, then, that the patient who wants his cough (-med will seek the doctor who undertakes to cure it oft' hand, rather than one who devotes his - attention to ulterior matters which the patient dues not wish to think of? 'Where can we look for a remedy for this state of things? Must the doctor intimate the eminent counsel in the story, who imbibed unlimited libations of porter " to bring his intellect down to die level of the .judge's," and, instead of doing what he deems to be best, give the patient what lie asks fur? Let us hope rather that an improved knowl edge of the human body and its need , , such as our better schools are begin ning to supply, will prove the true rem edy,and that the public will, ere another generation has passed away, possess that appreciation of the first principles of dietetics and sanitary science, which will enable them rationally to judge between the straight-forward recom mendations of t h e practitioner of 4 . 01111 MM-sense Medicine and the infla ted nivsticisuh of the tyro and the quack. The old-fashioned doctors often, it is true, made up by discrimination what others gained by seientille methods, and seeured perhaps better results t ban those who were guided by the nets lights.— Vet the right use of instruments of pre cision—such as the stethoscope, micro scope, or thermometer—must lie of real advantage. Facilities for the discovery of changes in the body ought not surely to make men worse prartitioners ; and is it not wiser to submit to the elaborate scrutiny of line who will -ri n noth ing, rather than trust lo the "lucky guess'' and flapdiazard dose of the self. confident practitioner? We cannot attempt to give any dug , gestions as to the praetival methods (.1 dealing with cough in its many forms, until We have said a word or two on the structure and function of the parts involved, and of the organs which have to do with the act of coughing. bet us See What cough is. In the net of breathing we take air in to lie lungs and then expel it. If the air is impure or dusty, it irritates the sensitive lining of the air-passages, and produces cough, which differs from or dinary expiration in that it is violent, sudden, and noisy, instead of gentle and noiseless. The air is quickly and deeply drawn in,and then violently and explosively expelled, and with the air any accumulated or irritant matters are expelled too. r a grain of dust gets into the eye, an immediate contraction of the lids ensues; so with the bronchial membrane, the presence of an irritant is the immediate determining . cause of cough, which is really nature's ellbrt to get rid of the evil. Such being the ease, it needs no great penetration to see that what We wantis rather to encourage than to in terfere with the etthrt of nature, yet this last is the very thing that an ignor ant patient often demands. The nerves, which act as sentinels, and convey information of the presence of foreign matters, may also be irritated in other ways, as by teething in chil dren, or by disturbance of the digestion, for the seine nerves Supply both lungs and stomach. Cough may also be pro duced voluntarily, as when we wish to "cough down" a tiresome speaker, or relieve the tedium of a monotonous ad dress. The tonsils, which lie on either side of the back part of the mouth, are apt to get large and prominent, so as some times to touch one another and inter fere with breathing and swallowing; they have no nerves of common sensa tion, and hence may be the unrecog nized cause of troublesome cough. The uvula too, which hangs from the back of the palate between the tonsils, may get so long as to tickle the back of the tongue, and cause violent and incessant coughing. The larynx, or voice box, forms a LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY ➢MORNING JANUARY 11 1871. visible prominence in the neck, called " Adam's apple." The opening to the voice-box and windpipe is closed by a flap or valve, which most of us must have noticed at the root of an ox tongue, as seen in a butcher's window or when served up to table. This gristly flap, called the "epiglottis," sometimes gets red and in flamed, and then produces a very annoy ing and characteristic cough ; at times too it gets so swollen as almost to block up the narrow chink, "glottis," through which air passes to the windpipe and lungs. We ran feel the "windpipe" if our neck is thin, for it passes down just be neath the skin from the larynx into the chest, and divides when behind the breast hone into two branches, one for each lung. The windpipe is quite separated from the "gullet," or "red lane," which runs behind it ; and air can pass up and down the one while food is passing down the other. In spite of the beautiful valvular ar rangement to prevent such an accident, a crumb of bread or a few drops of fluid will sometimes '• go the wrong way," i. e. enter the windpipe instead of the gul let; the consequence is a strangling sen sation and tit of coughing, during which the fluid is ejected, the eyes - water, and a minute or two elapses hell pre we regain our aceustomed composure. Both windpipe and gullet are lined by a moist red membrane, continuous with and similar to that which lines the mouth and nose—the uvula and tonsils. If from any cause the lining of the gullet is inflamed or irritated, that of tile windpipe is apy to he affect ed also. We all know that when the stomach i , deranged the tongue getsout or order too, for the mucous membrane which covers the tongue is continuous tvith—is indeed the same membrane is —that which lines the stomach ; w, that when we loolcatthesurf, u eofthel mgue we horn something about tl:e surfaceof the stomach. A (lerman philosopher recently in ented an electric lamp which, when swallowed, illuminates tine stomach as brightly as the sun illumines the pro truded tongue; but as it is easier for the patient to put out the tongue than to swallow the lamp, and for the doctor to look into tine mouth than into the stomach, the practical value of this in genious invention nosy well be doubted. Ju=t as the tongue is red or coated When SWlllaCil is, SO the epiglottis, uvula, and tonsils are similarly altered. The unnatural state of these parts gives rise to a sense of irritation; au attempt is made to remove this by "hawking," "clearing up," or coughing. Such, then, being the rationale of "stomach cough," it is evident how useless it would be to :ate apt to remove it by employing rem edies which act only on the lungs. Cough arising front flatulence may often be relieved by ginger and sal-volatile:or better by the avoidance of hot tea, too frequent meals, and other things that engender the evil. NVe SOMPtimes hear of " ear cough," or cough due to irritation in the tui,e that connects the internal with the ex ternal ear; treatment must in this case Le directed to the part atti•cted, awl lint to the stomach or the lungs. These spongy organs, together with the heart, ' till the chest. The lungs consist of chins tic tissue, and are enclosed in an invest- i ing membrane called the "pleura,'' which also lines the inner side of the', ribs. 'rile xvindpiiie divides, \%e have said, into a right and left iii "bronchus" and each ()I' these again subdivide, forming a number of branch ing channek, " bronchial tubes," which penetrate to the fart he-t recesr(cs of ttn) lungs. Each little bronchial tube ends in, or communicates with, several little sacs, for the object of the tube is to carry air to the blood-vessels which cover the lung sacs. The fresh air parts with its oxygen, and brings buck carbonic acid, while the blood gets rid of its carbonic acid and receives instead vivi fying oxygen, changing meanwhile in color front blue to red. If either the nir or the blood is impure, respiration is l i imperfect and health is lost. Cough, due to this kind of faulty respiration, is often a valuable guide to the detection of the true evil. Beneath the mucous• lining of the bronchial tubes is a layer of muscular and elastic tissue, which by its contrac tion expels the air and forcibly removes phlegm in the act of coughing,. Minute waving cilia cover the membrane and sweep away—as by myriads of soft brooms--ollending matters from the tubes. 'file surface of the membrane secretes a lloid called "mucous," like that which moistens the mouth and nose: this way be suppressed, and had to dryness; or way be excessive, as it i , in "catarrh," or "cold in the head." " Bronchitis," or" cold in the Chest, " begins with undue dryness ur nhenr bralle. The bronchial surfaces lackinL: their natural lahrieatit are easily irrita ted by the passage dry, t.r dusty air ; the air k rapidly drawn in and ex pelled, gets beaten tip with the sticky like "soup-suds," and this frothy stuff becomes a further source of irritation and tickling cough. As the tory stage of the affection passes off, the phlegm gets less tenacious and frothy, becomes yellow in color, and smaller in quantity; but not until the excessive secretion ceases is it wise or sale to give remedies to stop the cough. A sense of pain or oppression under the breast-bone is often complained of in bronchitis; the patient .s so little ' conscious of the real seat of the affee lion, that he often refuses to believe that the malady extends farther than the root of the neck. For as there are no nerves of coinllloll sensation distributed to the lungs or bronchial tubes, the cough may be the only evidence of dis ease. Bronchitis is but one of many causes I of cough ; and before prescribing for a cough, it is, as we have said, necessary to be sat sfieti as to its cause. Often- times (,)ugh is the earliest symptom of grave lung discus(, and may be of MI- mense value in directing attention to a malady at a time when it may be speedi • ly removed, whereas in a more ad vanced condition it would not be an n ul • :idle Gt treatment.—flood //;allll. Don't Fret "I dare no more fret," said John Wes ley, "than to curse and swear." One who knew him well said that lie never Whim lowspirited or fretful in his life. Ile could not endure the society .if peo ple who were i,l this habit. Ile says of them; "To have persons at my ear, tour muri ngand fretting at everything is like tearing the flesh from my bones. hlv the grace of (Mil, I am discontented at noth ing. I see God sitting on his throne, and ruling all things." If every bile was of John Wesley's spirit, it would revolu tionize the world. Christians lose ;ill their wayside comforts and dishonor the Master, by their fretfulness over little troubles. Some who can bear the great sorrows of life with a martyr's faith anil patience are utterly overthrown by the breaking of a vase. 'The temper is an unruly steed which must he kept in sand every moment. Typical Trees. For gouty people—.the ache corn. For antiquarions—the date. For school boys—the birch. For Irishmen—the och. For conjurors—the Mani. For negroes—see dish ! For young ladles—the man go. For farmers—the plant'in. For fashionable women—a set of firs For dandies—the spruce. For actors—the pop'lar. For physicians—the syc-amlor. For your wife—her will oh. For lovers—the sigh press. For the disconsolate—the pine. For engaged people—the r pear. For the sewing girls—tile hem lock For boarding hodse people—'nsh. Aiway on hand—the pawpaw. Who was Luis written for—yew. The Num'an.Body The muscles of the human jaw exert a force of 534 lbs. The quantity of pure water which blood contains in its natur al state is very great; amounts to almost seven-eights. Kiel estimates the sur face of the lungs at 150 square feet, and the blood is afth the weight of the body. A man is taller in the morning than at night, to the extent of a half an inch or more, oWinglto the relaxation of the cartilages. There is iron enough in the blood of forty-two men to make a plowshare of twenty-four pounds or thereabouts. The humarobrain is the twenty-eighth part of the body, but in the horse the brain is not more than the four-hundredth. A Observations and Maxims About Health. to Brummell. This event caused him to Chapter on Gems. That well-known writer on hygiene retire front the banking-house of which • The old nations have left abundant WAS a partner. evidence of their admiration for pre pu and i, i g i s y h i e n d n , us t, i t .i i L c i • e s, r , Lord Carlisle was one of the most re- e mus s ton e , People's Stomachs, a boo:: full of practi itlrie. D title i ' Lewis,of .7 zk l .q i ' t j ,o u ir f t . he markable victims amongst the players The paintings found at Kouyunjik cal wisdom, expressed in a homely and at Brokes's, and Charles Fox, his friend and Khorsabad represent the Nitievites 'simple manner, and so free front medi- was not more fortunate, being sob-e- of Joint's time with pendants in their cal technicalities that everybody can quently always in pecuniary dinicuPies. ears; and the tombs of the Pharoas understand it. We give some of his id, Many: titue, utter a long night of hard yield up their treasures of gold and gra servations in his own language ; others :Piny,cents as perfect as when deposited we have condensed a little: Israclitish establishment of Howard and there in the days of Abraham and Jo- Gluttony counts one hundred victims . Gibbs, then the fashionable and patron- se ph, where drunkenness counts one. , iced money-lenders. These gentlemen 'rim high-priest of the Hebrews bore To regulate health we must rcTulate never hailed to make hard terms with on h reast-p. lii, b 1 ate twelve precious ; diet, the borrower, although ample security stones, each inscribed with the name of Certain kinds of food feed the fat and was invariably demanded. a tribe ; and earlier in the history of the leave the muscles and brain to starve.— Tite Guards' Club was established for Hebrews we know that A limb:till's ser- Certain other foods feed the muscles ex-', the three regiments of Food Guards, and %%int took ear-rings and bracelets, "jew elusively, and certain others the brain. Was conducted upon a military System. els of silver and jewels ~r. g old, :Lod gave A large part of the food of Americans is w• ' Billiards and lo whist were the only ....them to Rebekah; he gave also to her • comprised of white flour, sugar and but-' games indulged in, The dinner Was, brother and to her mother precious i ter. perhaps, better than at most clubs . things." r ' 'stu - irgradually starve to d People who try to live upon stud'eath. sand considerably cheaper. I had the w ~ e knw a i. o th a t th e m erc h an t ' ` - There is a gentleman in Boston woo honor of being a member for several princes of Tyre traded with Syria for , Las amassed :ill immense fortune. His year, during which time I have not 11- . diamonds and pearls in the time of Ez- 1 , .. carriage is the finest in the neighbor- : tug to remember but the roost agreeable eki e t ; a nd H o m e r s „ . , th a t .1111,11 w ,, re . hood, and he „.„,,,,,, nattily i t „.kid e : , incidents. Arthur's and Graham's jewels in her ears. but his face is the picture of despair.— !w'e're less aristocratic flowe a those I bar ';here is an engraved ring in the AI, ; Life is a torture to him, because he is . mentioned; it was at the latter, thirty bott eollection once worn on the liner 1 years ago, that a most painful cir...."'"' or Celihrenes, a builder of one of the nervous and dyspeptic. Half of the rich . stance took place. A nobleman of . t he pyramids, of th e genu in eness o f which , men and women belimg to the eategory . , highest position and influence in somety no Egyptian scholar has any doubt. it' the mi,ermile ; they cannot digest t i h d i t d waS detected cheating a cards, and w e i n , see n ling,. and tither person- I their dinners. • 'file Collillion notion that our 11..011 li af te r t ri al which did tint terminate , in al ornaments of the Egyptians of un and lire depend upon a inysteriiiiis Pros_ his favor, he died of a broken heart. doubted antiquity containing gents in 1 , idc nee is downright infidelity. A child ' Upon One occasion, some gentlemen lapis lazul and carnelian, with scar:llooes I vacs out a a lint foiiiii with naked arms or both White's and Brookes s had the :Old hierogiVpilies engraved on them. { a and legs in pursuit of its daily supply of honor to dine with the Prince Regent, The linal coileetion made nary years ! poisoned candy, and then dies of croup. and during the eonversation, the Prime ago by colobel M. J. Cohen, of Bahl- ' 15 that a niy-tenons Providenee ? It. a inquired what sort of dinners they pa noire, contains such examples. The' man ii.dal him-elf until he gets the at their clubs; miOn Which Sir Themas British Museum abounds with them, ! e,s gout and the disease attacks his heart :•steptley, one or the. guests, observed , .ind they are slit! to be fOllll.l in Egypt. ' and kills him, is his death a mvstcry ?that their dinners were always the sainn, But ihe in lII' the lapidary attained ; The reason American people are , " the eternal joints, or beefstakes, the the highest perfection alining the Greeks ' such .1 vsnepties is, that they eat and boiled fowl with oyster sauce, and an Gems were engraved at Hellas in the ; ' drink -ii tumli, and eat an.l drink so apple-tart—this is what we have, sir, at se v e nth century ii, c, in the time (i f fast our clubs, toil very monotonous fare it Alexander the Great it was customary I The teeth will not decay if they are is." The Prince, without further re- in Athens to wear magnificent rings 1 kept clean. A tooth brush is as goo d I mark, rang the bell fur his molt. \Vat- . with en g r a v e d stones. We hare •to sonie thing, but one good tooth pick' is worth a presence I tier, rood in the preseee of those w 1 , great seen it recorded that the reat an armful of tooth brushes. There is a' dined at the royal table, asked him I Demosthenes wore jewels. i gentleman now living in New York city whether he would take it house and or- I 'fife Etruscans cultivated this tine art, I who has three beautiful front teeth ganize it dinner elub. Waffler assente, : and o r name nt s „f I.:A rne:tit workman- ; which he purchased from the mouth oft and named :sdadison, the Prince's s hi p at , s till worn i n I ta l y , w e i i ,, v ,. I an Irishman. Ills own teeth were re-' Page, manager, and Labourie, the , lately seen an aec.aint of a neck lave ill moved and instantly Patrick's wire' cook, from the royal kitchen. The I , antique Et ruscan make, which was the ! club nourished only a few years, ow- I envy of all Paris. transferred. . The process of digestion begins in the''; mg to the high play that was carried 'Flee WI/rid is greatly indebted to "col- t i t , ,on there. l'he Duke of York patron- lungs. The mouth grinds thermal; 1 lectors," "ma as they have been called. lungs supply the oxygen which converts iz e d i t aml waH a member ' i was a ! Tii,ir niodtc, has been the Means or the products a the foul into pure and member in Itile, mid frequently saw his bile-erring to us \ottat , yet we possess ttt I Royal Highness there. The dinners ' ; , useful blood. 11111•1 , 11 t goes, 111011:11,, Or objects of art. ..were exquisite ; the best ntrisian cooks Dr. Lewis Once attended the lector. , of , M ith rid:des, the (nth/ rival Kin , of a Thomsonian doctor 4•lnieNtilained the ''e"ald not beat Labnurie• The favorite Pontus, was a collector. His (rem...ores , gone played there was Mato). rpon felt Use of mercury as folkiws : into the luinds of Pompey, and his . one occasion, Jack Bouverie, brother or 1 " And now do you know how mar- cooect t ton a cups, Vases, and gees Was curt' produces the rheumatiz? 111 te ll Lady Heytesbury, teas losing large , dedicated to the Capitol. Julius Caesar sums and became very irritable; Rai kes, you exactly how mercury produces the is sitid to base made six distinct collec rheumatiz. You see marcury has a , with bad taste, laughed at Bouverie, I lions, and to have exhibited them all in and attempted to amuse us with some great many sharp pints, and them sharp the temple of Venus Genetrix. f hiso stale jokes ; upon which Rouse- s pints go straight into the flesh, and mai of these treasure, as ate now ex-' 1 rie threw his play-bowl, with the few ' when the muscles rub over them sharp tam were preserved through the Dark pints it scratches, and that's the then- , counters it emi.:ained, at Raikes' head ; Ages in monasteries and churches.— ! unfortunately it struck him, and Made matiz."'Their presence in these repositories tin- St the ei. , ilandy angry, but no re- any persons imagine themselves af- , ~N - ani o n s doubtedly contributed greatly to the re sults followed this open insult. , dieted with serious diseases when they naissanee a art in later times. The i are only suffering from dyspepsia. A ' Medici family aided in its development, t B Female eauy. I dyspeptic patient always despairs ; It and the study of glypties revived under consumptive always hopes. , In society men have, from time ins- , their powerful patronage. I n the eX ' JOl,ll Abernethy was the greatest man , memorial,raved about beauty in women, . eellence of their work the artists of this the niedieal profession has produced in and poets in rhymes and romances have noble Inimo• rivaled the ancients, and modern times. Perhaps no other man I so sung its praises that it would he :11- this is the Iliglie-t prake that can be has contributed so much to temperance ' most a pardonable mistake for ono to given them. . ' . in eating as he. 'ft, make the best bread that can he maile or wheat, olawin good wheat and grind it without bolting; mix it with cold water until it is as thick as can lw well beaten with a spoon; alter it is thoroughly beaten down, put it into a large iron pail, composed (it' many little ones, which must list be made hot; put it then quiekly into a list even and bake it us rapidly as possible. Indian corn nialces excellent nourish ment. It contains a large amount of oil has reitiark.able fattening dualities, is likewise remarkable as a heat pro ducer. Rice I:eeps„ . its consumers fat,litit it u n its the elements which feed the muscles and brain. Potatoes, both Irish :mil sweet, lure very poor food for brain and muscle. ut meats, the hest for heat and fat are pork mutton, lamb, beef, and veal ; for mueies, beef, veal, mutton, lamb and pork ; for brain and nerve, beef, veal, mutton lamb and Burk. In cold weather, fat cleat, butter and the like will keep the body warm ;anal in warm weather, milk, eggs, bra i n bread, and ,tuniner vegetables will keep it root. There is no difficulty in a poor man's having meat for his family every day. Take, for example, what is called a shank of heel'. The very hest can lie bought Ili• a fraction of what the dear est parts cost. A single pound cooked ill :1 stet With dry hits of bread will make 41 meal lor an entire r:iroily. The Greek am! Ronan armic. ate lan mice a lay. The ( . 4,1111111w illl n.ynn that. totim- Ives :Ire the Itt•altiii , ,t of tin v,t_tetal.h.s i. a iii-take. It eaten at all titcy shotd.l he with I.:rt.:U. 1114 , 11erali”11, al l il nevcr raw. 'l'olitatot•s hav, ,i,1111.41111t, ktit,w Dr. Lw], —iov. young woman who hail Ina all her 11. , 111 rroln cxnvs,ive uating Pies and cakes are poionon,.. 'co healthy mineral wan.rs arc . . Con-eI.S 111( , 1. injurious 1,, digt,- (ion. 'clicir ;Ise finally results in an nu :nen-it, anti very ugly iirtituitcritiwe " \\*hen shall we learn to seek fur Itaitititit,s? We run wail alter itittlicy, hclicriuri that it is inert.. Lettok,” says Leafs, " at A. 'l'. ii-iittiwart's wretch eel face." and sunshine are intikpensahle to health, ;old great curative agents in disease. 'Those whit sutler from heartburn should avoid soups, drink nothing at meals, say "No, thank you," to pies pies and cakes, :nil go without supper. If you wish to live to eighty-five in the full enjoyment of all your faculties, go to lied at 9 o'clock, and cat twice a day a moderate quantity of plain food. The native Aaiericvt requires more sleep than the average European. Nine or ten hours' sleep in a single night is very beneliciLa--- Thin IC:till:et,: should gn [o Loll :1! 'Uhl(' and rise between lice and six. ' Thy (Ribs of London in 111 The inembersof the Clubs in London many years since, were persons, almost without exception, belonging exclu sively to the aristocratic world. '' My trade , men," as King Allen used to call the hankers and the merchants, had not then iucndod Wilitt`'S, Brookes's, or \Vattier,:s, in Holton street, Plecadilly ; which, with the rt and Graham's, were the only elutes at the \Vest End of the town. White's was M•eidedly the most difficult of tmtry ; its list or members slinprised nearly all the noble MOM, Of Great Britain. The politics of White's Club Nvere then decidedly Tory. It was here that play WaS carried on to an extent which made many ravages in large fortunes, the tra ces (1( which have not disappeared at the present day. General Scott, the father-in-law of George Canning and the Duke of Portland, was known to have WWI at White's .c2no,non ; thank, to his notorious sobriety and his knowl edge of the game of whist. The Gen eral possessed a great advantage over his companions by avoiding those in dulgences at the table which used to muddle other men's brains. He con fined himself to dining oil something like a boiled chicken, with toast and water; by such a regimen lie came to the whist-table with a clear head, and pos-sessing as he did a remarkable mem ory, with great coolness and judgment, he was able honestly to win the enor mous sum of x 200,00 I. At Brooke's, for nearly half a century the play was more of a gambling char acter than at White's. Faro and macao were indulged in to an extent which en abled a man to will or lose a considera ble fortune in one night. It. was here that Charles James Fox, Selwyn, Lord Carlisle, Lord Robert Spencer, General Fitv.patrick and other great Whigs won and lost hundreds of thousands; fre quently remaining at the table for many hours without rising, On one occasion Lord Robert Spencer contrived to lose the last shilling of his considerable fortune, given him by his brother, the I Mkeof Marlborough ; Gen. Fitzpatrick being much in the same condition, they agreed to raise a sum of money in order that they might keep a faro bank. The members of the club made no objection, and ere long they carried out their design. As is general ly the case, the bank was a winner, and Lord Robert bagged as his share of the proceeds £lOO,OOO. He retired, strange to say, from the ftetid atmosphere of play, with the money in his pocket, and never again gambled. George Harley Drummond, of the famous banking— house, Charing Cross, only played once in his whole life at White's Club at whist, on which occasion he lost £20,000 conclude only beauty lovable in the -ex. And the proverb, "Men lose their hearts through their eyes and women through their ears," not only corroborates the idea, but makes it appear that, hi the sex, the intellects predominate. .Men set sufliciunt store, the gods know, upon physical comeliness in woman. But, after all, it appeals to them as all effect rather than as a cause, and is out weighed by a dozen other qualities. Beauty commends, lint it does not win; it attracts, but it does not hold. And if it be not answered by seine in ward beauty, it soon disappoints, and may, by consent suggestion of ilb.har mony, at last repel, just as a fair flower invites us ; we admire its form, its color, its daintiness, but when we pluck it, odor, a reaction comes that borders on disgust. l\Ve feel we have been cheated by a counterfeit, and the flower fares worse than if it were less fair, but then, as the author of "( Messes aL Truth" reminds us: The bright are sometimes poisonous, but we believe, never the sweet." to there must be something more—a vast deal more—than personal beauty in woman to make Imr, tin• any length of time, even pleasant to our eyes, much less grateful to the heart. What that something is, it is hard to say; but it is expressed in the word interest—which, to convey the exact idea, should be in terestedness. 110 Wor why any one in terests us we cannot determine. Of the fact weare convinced beyond argument, but we are inca elite of analyzing the sulitile agencies that produce the eil l cct. This Valeirity to interest is not a neiies saryconconntant ilpersonal t•ornelink , ,, bet ,m the contrary, is generally i 11- t Of it—at least, is so strong and so subduing in influence, that mere fc•r111 ur feature becomes either second ary or lost sight of altogether. No doubt sueli a thing as interest, and of a general kind, belong,s to individual: as it does to book S—is as much a part of them as inniability, courtesy, or case of motion. Certain men and women, without etbirt, without desire, or even without 00111 , 01011SIR'SS, 1111110 st univer sally attract others. Wherever they go their triumphs follow them. We have all of us met such persons. We can think of half-a-dozen, at least, of our ac quaintances, who interest nearly every one they meet., regardless of sex. This is particularly true of certain women ; and yet how few of such are beautiful,. or handsome, or even pretty. 111 the usually received sense Nature, to her sons and daughters, is a trifle niggardly, save when she seeks to show—as in her Crichtons, and A [..1-ards, ards, and Mirondolas—the splendor of her bounty being, rarely willing to give two great gifts to the same creature. When she grants physical beauty tile minflaccompanyingit isapt to be interior tieniuses are seldom beauties, he u nties seldom geniuses. It appears, too, that women of fine persons come to prize their comeliness so much as neglect their mind and not unfrequently their manners— permitting a naturally good understand ing to run to waste for lack of com mon care and culture. Hence it is that the very prettiest women of society whom men optically admire, and of whom you hear so much, rarely excite any profound emotion or win the hearts of strong or positive men. They carry in their train many followers of fash ion ; are looked at and funded as a cu rious pattern of furniture would be in the drawing room. But no one loves them. No divine fire is burned oil their altars. No elements of high poetry or grand tragedy are enlisted in their lives. They dwell in an atmosphere of flattery and folly; are haunted by and wedded to fools. The women Will' make deep impres sions—who carry with them an atinos• phere of their own—who make social listeners for themselves, and would make revolutions, if the time were fit ting, bear no badge of beauty as an em blem of their power. Their f o rces and fascinations are invisible to the eye.— Their mind, manners, their sympathies, their instincts, their spiritual insights —something of all these fix, mould and sway the nature of others, and null:e or unmake fortunes and careers. Their power for good or evil is unmeasured, and circumstances determine which it shall be. strong men bend, icy hearts take fire, breasts of adamantine melt before them, and yet no outward shape of beauty assist at their spiritual conjur ing. They work their miracles us mys teriously to themselves, peradventures, as to others. Something to Cheer "I will tell you something lo cheer you, ' said a poor woman to one of the mission school teachers. " One after- noon I was obliged to go leaving my two children at home alone. I was kept out till long after dark. When I reach ed my door, I heard the little ones talk ing, and stopped to listen. ' I wish mother would come home, I am so afraid,' said Tommy. Little Mary spoke up, ' Don't cry, Tommy. Don't you know Jesus died for little children, and he'll take care of you and me; don't be afraid ; let's sing.' Oh, I bless the hour when my children lirst went to the Sun day School," said the mother with tears of gratitude in her eyes. Sensible People A Quaker lately popped qie question to a fair Quakeress of follows: "Hum—yea and verily, Penelope, the spirit urgeth and moveth me wonder fully to beseech thee to ceave unto me, flesh of my flesh, and bone of my bone." "Hum—truly, Obediah, though haat wisely said ; inasmuch as it is written that it is not good for man to be alone, lo I will sojourn with thee." le collection of gems, cameos, and intaglios made by Lorenzo, Cosino, caul their successors is still in Florence, and is probably the Ilue.t in existence. As We proposed to write about prec ious stones rather than graven gems, we will now begin with the diamond,which is usually placed at the head of the list, although, strickly speaking, it is/tot the first either in rarity of value. Although not the mostly costly gem, yet the dia mond possesses a certain dignity in his tory, and has tharacteristicqualities that entitled it t., the precedence over all others. It is the hardest of all sub stances. It is the greatest refractor of solar light. It is more interesting than any oilier gems in its organic structure or mode of formation. t NVe do not Ilint that the attempts to produce the diamond by artificial means have liven itt. all successful. Yet the present is not the tittle to assert posi tively that swill a result will never he achieved. \Ve know very well that its structure has been studied by I ioppert, and pronounced to be of the vegetable order; and, on the other hand, it is just us positively asserted that erystale of carbon have already peen produced. A very appreciable proportion of the wealth of the n•orld is ttt present repre sented by diamonds. Every considera ble stone has its name. history • and lo cality perfectly well settled. \\Then till addition to tile eatalugue is made TIC,,- sary by the aciplisition of a new stone, its advent is immediately anuuuneeil to the world, and it liceonnis ut omit , it , ort IJOWUr iu SOCiety.— TILLS WIMP :1 vt•ry tieltinging 4 . 111W11. It a thrilling lint ,ninewhat • ominous liistor, y . I L \Vas 1111 , l• till• In erty of the great . \ urtingzebeit. Its weight, when first seen by Tavernier, was about Too carats. 'rite " Regent,. , celebrated ibr having, been so long con- (paled by a slave in in his thigh made for that purpose, Nveiglis 131 carats. The " Itraganza" diamond, in the crown of Portugal, is the largest known. It was found :Mout one hun dred years in Brazil. Its weight is 13:lu carats Jioulds have been throNvii upon the g,entiineness of this stone, we know not with how much reason. The " Mattant " Wantland, in possession mf the Ra j ah, is std.' to be a very beautiful gem. Its weight is ttn7 carats It is pear-shaped and indented at one end. It was found in the island of Barnett. The Dutch governor of Batavia is re reported to have made an offer for this diatnand of IW,, ships or war, with their armaments cam plete, and 1.:511,1510 in money. The " diamond, be longing to the I 'car of Russia, is one at' the most valuable It town. It was one , the the eye of tut Indian blab and afterward any the ornaments Of the cel ebrated I,e:teach throne of Nadir Shalt. It was stolen by t Frenchman, and by him sold to Catherine I I. far 4.10,000 rubles, a pension of _moon tutu a patent naldlity. She " Cumberland " diamond was presented to the conqueror of Culloden by the city of London. It has since been claimed by Hanover, and restored It, that country, whether by the Cumberland family or the British gov ernment we do not know. Its value is Inlyttio. The "Nancy" diamond was mate the property of Charles, Duke of Burgundy, who ware it in his hat. He lost it at the battle of Nancy, about the middle af the fifteenth century. It wa.s found by a Swiss satinet', and sold tone Salley, in whose l'autily it remained about one hundred years. Henry 111. of France burrowed it, to he used as 11 pledge. The servant who was sent to deliver it was robbed and murdered, but the W11111011(1 seas found in his stout:telt by De Saucy, who had faith in his fidel ity, and looked for it there. It became the property of James I I. of England, passed from his hands into those of the l