THE LANCASTER INTELLIGENCER,
PUBLISHED EVERT WEDNESDAT BY
11. G. SMITH de CO
A. J. STELNMAN
11. G. SAITII,
TERMS—Two Dollars per annum, payable
In all cases In advance.
TILE LANCASTIM DAILY INTELLIOEXCER
published every evening, Sunday excepted, at
Si per annum in advance.
OFFICE-SOUTIIWF,T CORNER OE CENTRE
(WARE.
Vortrp.
The Poors heart's an early flower
That feels the Spring's praline power
• • -
Before all others feel It:
A high, high cloud, whose purpling ray
Reveals the coining the day,
lire lower things reveal it.
A Moses, from Sfl,lll, azure height
111untiurd l,y snperuul light,
It totes the Laud nt Prmnisv;
NOVA the World I lint. in to
'l • lu¢ happy world NVOI.IIIIOI Kee,
For Evil lilies It front us.
nevalr not—faint
But bravely, meekly bear thy part
Among nntb•rlin4 creature.:
Though toutilleil by every human pain
:knit kindling a high iliAaln
Of all nalizre,
'rho in,v..1,14 e.11;r:t1 art: lint
Rut NViirti iii SHOW ,vtootliess
Will, MailV 111 , world, “:1111.1V , it
And hrvalltiug from high IlttliVell until
110 fusliint, 11l 1.11111 , 4, 10 HIS will,
A, 11, , would hay.% Will IVO, it.
The Saints svho have lo glory
'rise Nlartyrs from the stalto ;lllli
poit Prophils Atgek,
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I.•
Anil hill I.tir )
\ . 1 . 1 . 1 • jii
,ttr life :I k 1 i fiir its
Au.' I viol, thy limn," Liitoti,
poi owl sorrow brio,'
Thyy Siffy mid troy;
riir to y:001 suit on, o
Thot IN I 11 , t...f
Anil Ili ttuayti :is ivy Mar shot'
A .Many.. Ilia
1-EI i crllanrolls
Reminiscences of the Olden Time
MEI=M
[ 1 , ()r Ili•• irit(•re,ll.. nearly
..f 1 . 1,1) . y till
Slmrrli trntiro, [len vvred
.Is , ociat ion of cincin
naLi, by Jukitze Jolitt,,n,,,lthat city.]
all' s(011 of a most. re
,4peetable Lnrk avuHL farnn•r, well to do
Mr llle time , in Nvideli he lived; and
Still 1iV111.2% In the memory of the It
1 . 4,11:S 11r.le•tli•r.M 'l,llllly,lle NV:is kIIONVII
:Is one of 711.•11 \rho gave stahility and
vesper:ability to the ,oeial and religious
institutions of Iht -aunlry. I utter this
hit of 1.! . .0ti,in simpl . ); to this end, that
when I speak of what t -pi red in iny
father', family you may have a fair es
timate of whatWaS Irvtspiring in other
respoetal,le
Ntot'N;r.‘
Ilrst found iny , elf in a huge log
cabin, in Jetrt•i•—n coo iity, Ohio. Holy
I girl t only knew front what
others tell ate. I asked my sister, seven
years my senior, how it happened; ;bud
she told me that. the ivliole cro,s
ed the mountains from ShippeiNburg lu
Ited Ntone, ;limy ftro‘vrisville,i
in a little Itvm.horat wagon—
not in it exactly, either, for all the fam
ily, except )10., \Vila ryas (110 Ohl ;
:lid palls lallable servant, \vim was 100
young, fooled it before, Lo cut.
:may the brush, and stone to
chock the wheels And keep the wagon
front upset I rude frank, a sturdy
kinsman, who had crossed before, and
Whir/le 11:1111y reminded all the world of
hie character, so that all the world call
ed hint Uncle Frank, came to meet us
nu the ca , terti side of the mountains
with an extra he hitehed
to the end or the tongue, malting what
is rolled a spike trout ; then I/lit. \VII
long Itickorc tyithc,and fastened mills of
them to the bran on each side or the
bent, and when he hugged one side or
the Illaalltaill hr 111/1/1 On to the \Villa.,
and thou ire 111.1/1 on la lilt' other to
keep the wagon from turning over. SO
unoch ha' the railroad t rants a that day.
We reached !tell Stone late in the rail 1
and eaniiwo fur the winter in an out
how. , heton.4in.4 to obt Billy Amon,
preaeher in a tetioini nation now 0t,,,0-lute,
lute, known by the naint , or I Taleyons,
II uauw ivllich they had 11,,L1111/A1 an a
representative of their peaceful princi
ples and quiet life. !fere in this halcy
on quiet my moilier and her live chil
dren nestled, while my father and his
exploring party cro , sed over to Ohio in
searelt of land. On Cold Friday, a day
long remembered by that name among
the pioneers as the coldest day in the
memory of nein, Ito purchased one hun
dred itrid sixty :I,ft , or lands, with a
trucl: patch cleared, and a huge log
cabin in \vide!' I found Let
nil • pause here to pay :in stli•otionate
tribute In tlti, old ...Min. For several
P'a'sitl t purpose or a
ths-ming for our family, a free
hospitium for all vonter , , and a .Nletli•
odist where :t 11...• k, of ‘vitieh
uty father waq shepherd, of fourteen
members, all sure footed Christians,
worshiped, not Nvitli pomp and splen
dor, but in si.irit :1101 truth. .Ifti•rward
this sanctuary of nap youth was ilegr.t
tied to the rant: or a tiav-itoit , o, 11111 ill
after years l'lllen_red tutu obscurity and
became a seminary of learning wherein
I finished niy school education on the
laSt..Rllll in the “Sill/411/ rah' of three,"
my inasti•r unhappily sticking fast be
tween the words lie ierrittor and ri-nom
idalf». in vulgar fractions.
But let ale go 1,:10k to ( . o . ltl Friday.
That:flight ❑i,p father and his thrZT
emnitartion4 put tip at the hospitable
mansion td . Edward better known as
Ned) Taylor, a small log cabin of one
story, thou[ fifteen feet square, long af
ter occupied as a hen-house. In this
little cabin Ned Taylor, his good wife
Nelly, live sons and five daughters, and
the four travelers, lodged and no com
plaints for want of room —genuine hos
pitality always find room enough, and
never apologizes for the lack of more.
True, the whole sixteen did not lie
down at once, beeau,e, as my father
described the scene, two of the sons
were detailed, the one to carry in fire
wood to keep the party from freezing,
and the other to carry in water to keep
the house from burning. In the morn
ing, under the cow rack, such had been
the close embraces of the hogs, the
smaller shoats were overl.•tid and smoth
ered, while woodrats and wild bird ,
were frozen to death ; but neither cold
nor heat, nor hunger nor hardship,
could conquer the pioneers or Ohio.
Early in the spring we moved hag
gage, from lied Stone to Yellow Creek,
took possession of the great log cabin,
and commenced solving the three crtrk
ing problems of poverty: What shall
we eat? What shall we drink ? Where
withal shall we be clothed ?
WHAT SHALL WE }:AT?
The first of these problems was the
easiest solved. The deer, the bear, the
wild turkey, the raccoon, the rabbit, the
squirrel, all started up, and said, or
seemed to say, " eat me." These were
the provisions made by the Great Spirit
for his red children, and these were the
provisions by the Great Spirit for his
white children. Flesh meat was abun
dant, and cost but little. As to bread
that , required both patience and labor,
for thus runs the decree of Heaven, "In
the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat
bread," but this condition did not alarm
the pioneer. Every backwoods farmer,
once a year, added to his clearing at least
" truck. patch." This was the hope
.and the stay of his family. This was
the receptacle, the hotbed, so to speak,
daiie 'lgtatitaOticAt sntettivicirt?et
VOLUME 71
of corn, beans, and melons, and
potatoes, and squashes, and pump
kins, and turnips; each teeming variety
more delicious because it grew in - virgin
earth. The corn and beans planted in
May brought forth roasting ears and suc
cotash in August. When roasting ears
went out, potatoes came tumbling in,
and the bowels of the fodder-house,
stowed with pumpkins and squashes,
secured the family against want. When
the corn grew too hard for roasting ears,
and was yet ,too soft to grind in the mill,
it was reduced to meal on a grater and,
whether stirred into mush, or baked into
Johnny cake, it made for plain people a
most delicious food. Place before a
hungry man one superficial foot of such
Johnny cake, and a stake of venison
broiled on hickory coals, and if he
starves it is a clear ease of re lo rte cc, an d
he ought to be hurled in the eross-roads
under a kern.
Next to the grater comes the hominy
block, which was a means both of warm
ing and feeding; and, when pigs began
to be raised, the natural relation between
pork and beaten corn suggested the
grand old idea or hog and hominy.
But when corn and wheat can he
ground on a mill, the business becomes
serious. When I \vie.; a mill boy 1 had
easy times compared with others, be
cause we had a water mill within three
miles on one side, and a horse loin
within the same distance on the other.
True, when the water mill run IoW and
hundreds flocked to the horse mill I
have,sometinies thought it hard to camp
out three days and three nights within
three miles of home to secure my turn,
and bolt my meal by hand. But others
hail to travel live, ten, fifteen or twenty
miles to have their grain ground, and
all on pack-horses. IVagons for such
purposes were ont of the question. What
became of ours Ido not know. I do
not remember to have even seen iL. It
was probably sent hack into the older
settlement and exchanged for SUMO
hing more indispensable. Tomlny
Parkinson's was to me the eighth won
der of the world, and when it was char
(eyed to move It family from one place
to another, corps of pioneeri went be
fore to cut away the brush. Even the
sled Was; IL seeoll,l,ll'y VVllh . le of cum
men,. The pack-horse teas the ship,
the Sh•alah“al, the Vallal the rail
car, the oinilibu , .
The .1110v:db.!. of domestic animals,
both boasts and birds, for the purposes
of food began at a very early day. Kind
for beef, butter:lnd beef, :not leat her,and
swine for pork, were bread ear marked,
and turned into the Wllllll5 to browse.—
Root hog or die was the law for man and
beast. The housewife \VILA happy who
1.0111,1 lied a nest of wild turkey's eggs,
and bring them home to be handled by
:1 trusty old hen in all outside chimney
corner, where she could form an allianee
with this step dame in dcfcrolino; the
eggs and brood from the opossum and
the hawk. The grandest of birds is
identical in savage and ill civilized life,
and is the peculiar production of Ameri
ca. 1 have seen large flocks of domestic
turkeys in Canada as white 11S 51111 W,
bred mainly for the leathers. I havoseen
them brown, and drab, and part y-colored
but in tt state of nature they were all
This, universal
law ()I' nature. NVild horses, wild cows,
wild goats, wild dogs, wild turkeys and
10111, each in his kind, are uniform
ill color and character, bill whenever
eiviliAation comes in, 411 e diversity be
conies endless. The brown herds of
I.aban 1101,.1110" ring -streaked, speckled
and spotted, under the culture "f•
aunt s of all the rest, including men."
WHAT sli 1.1, WE URINE
mush and milk were eaten for
breakfast, and hog and Milk nlO 41iiiiter,
and mush and milk for supper, there
was but little room for tea and coffee;
and at a I inw (011011 of Wheal
for one 1.111111 Of 0011 . 00, and l'lllll' 1111511-
PIA for a pound of ten, was n sir ex
change, not much a the, ,x T en , ive
l'etaltageS WeFe
Hal 111'51 to water the drink of t h e
pioneers was; whiskey—capper-still rye
whiskey. Every holy drank whiskey.
IL was supposed In he indispensable to
health,as an aliti-fognietiv ill going out
in the morning. It was supposed to be
indispensable to strength and endu
rance during the labors or the day. It
Was sappasetl to be indispensable tr.
sleep in the night. It was suppo:ed to
be absolutely indispensable to warmth
and animation in cold, chilly, winter
weather. It was the sacrament of
friendship and hospitality, as much so
as the sacred bread and Salt Of the m us
sulinan. And yet lam not prepared to
say that the per centuin of men ruined
by this drink was greater than that
ruined by the various slops or the pres
ent day. Nor was it front motives of
mere eusAoluess that Melt turned the
entire surplus of their crops into Wilk
key. fu 1111/Se days there were neither
railroads or canals, nor even wagon
roads. The eastern slope of our country
was separated from the:%lississippi Val
ley by a giant chain of rugged Moult
tains. Commerce was carried on the
hacks or pack horses. The only pro
duce of the %Vest that would bear trans
portation on these little ships of the
desert, werepeltries, flax yarn and flax
linen, and tlu , se were exchanged for
iron, leather, salt foul other things in
dispensable to the settlement of a 1112 W
country, but 114/t for money. The only
mode of getting the surplus grain into
market, or getting money into the
country, WaS by converting the grain
into whiskey - , floating it down the great
natural eanal to New Orleans, and sel
ling it for Spanish coin. The first re
bellion against the Government of the
United States, commonly called the
Whiskey Insurrection, had grown out
of the hardships or the Scotch-Irish of
\Vestern Pennsylvania, and the pan
handle if Virginia, who, in the mother
country, had learned to love whiskey
and hate gangers; and this population
gave tone and character to the tirst set
tlers in Eastern Ohio. There was then
this apology for whiskey, that it was the
fully means of disposing of surplus crops,
or bringing, money into the country.—
nd, ight add, 1 hatat that day neither
: leneral Cary nor Father Mathew had
arisen to sh ot the purer light of reform
iii the darkness of the backwoods, and
my good old father was the only tem
perance nnin extant.
lint while f apologize for backwoods
whiskey, I cannot join in the popular
idea that it was a very wholesome,
harmless thing compared with the
modern article of the same name. On
the contrary, according to my ,est re
collection it made men's eyes ed, and
their noses blue, and their chip •en rag
ged, and their wives wretched, just as
it does now.
wirnitEwrrit 511.11.1, 510 BE I'IMTHED?
Clothing in the backwoods was a se
rious matter, but in this the people con
formed to the circumstances in which
they were placed. 'l'he almost todver
sal costume Was a linsey-woolsey hunt
ing shirt, blue or butternut, according
to the fancy of the wearer, buckskin
pants and vest of the skin of a panther,
a wildcat or a spotted fawn for the win
ter, and homespun linen, llax or tow
for the summer. lint hIIIOVIItiOIISWCIT
soon mule. My father had brought out
a huge trunk full of coarse broadcloth,
and this tempted the young men to
have coats to be married in. They
would bargain with my father for the
cloth and trimmings, and with my
mother for making the coat, and pay
both bills by grubbing, making rails or
clearing laud. It may seem odd at this
day that a wonian of snmll stature, be
sides doing her own house work, should
make two hundred rails a day with her
needle and shears, and find time for
reading and mental culture every day.
I never think of my mother's tailoring
skill without being reminded of one in
stance. A young man had purchased
the cloth for his wedding coat, aud, as
a measure of economy, employed one
Nancy Clark to make it up. Nancy
was an expert on hunting shirts, buck
skin breeches and such, but had never
cut a coat, and so my mother cut the
coat out. Nancy made it up, but on
the eve of the wedding, when he tried
it ou, instead of allowing his arms to
hang gracefully down by his sick, , as
became a bridegroom, it turned UM
into a spreadeagle with arms extended
upward. The wedding day was at Mind
and in his perplexity he brought the
coat to my mother to diagnose its dis
order, when she found that there was
nothing more serious than that Nancy
had sewed the right sleeve into the left
side and the left sleeve into the right,
and put them both in upside down. As
luxury and extravagance in dress in
creased, an old tailor with shears and
goose and sleeve board began to whip
I the cat round the neighborhood, and
my mother's occupation, except in her
own household, was gone. The custom
of whipping the cat, both for tailors and
shoemakers, was in vogue for many a
I year after ; and, like the school-master
boarding round, had this advantage,
that if they got poor pay for their work
they got fed and lodged while they were
about it.
But the material for winter clothing,
except buckskin, was hard to get. As
the woolen goods wore out, my father
bought six sheep to commence with,
and within the first week the wolves
chased the old dog under the cabin floor
and killed two of them within a few
yards of the cabin door. And on ac
count of the scarcity ofwool, litany a
night I have sat up midnight with
a pair of hand cards, mixing wool with
rabbit's fur and carding them together,
while my mother spun and knit them
into mittens and stockings for her chil
dren to go to school in. And so, too, I
have picked the seeds out of raw - cotton
with my finger and thumb, and carded
and mixed it in like manner to eke out
the wool supplied by our little thick.
At a later date, when wool beemne
abundant, the method of making blan
kets, flannels, easinets, and even cloths
was simple and sure. Every house had
hand cards, and as many spinning
wheels as spinners, and no respectable
household Was without a loom. When
the goods were carded, spun`rind woven
then came the kicking frolic. I falf a
dozen young men, and a eorresponding
number of young women, "to make the
balance true," were invited. The floor
was cleared for action, and in the mid
dle a circle of six split-bottom chairs
formed, and oin fleeted by a cord, to
prevent recoil. On these sat the six
young men, with boots and stockings
..tr, and pants rolled up above the knee.
In the center the goods were placed,
wetted with soapsuds, and then the
kicking commenced by measured steps,
driving the bundle of goods round :aid
round; the elderly lady with a long
nicked gourd, pouring on more warm
soapsuds, and every now and then, with
spectacles on nose arid yard stick in
hand, measuring goods till they we ce
shrunk to the desired width, and then
railing the lads to a dead halt. Then,
while the lads put on their hose and
boots, the lasses stripped their arms
above the elbows, rinsed and rung the
blankets and flannels, and:hung them on
the garden fence to dry. When this was
done a supper tit fur a King Nea, , spread
and eaten, the table removed, and "Sis
ter Phebe" played till midnight when
all the party went home, nothing loth to
tie vatted to a new kicking frolic ever
'light till the blanket-kickitor, r.ca,on
was over,
costumes of the ladies lice,.rvi, a
passing notice. The pioneers proper, 01
course, brought with them something
to wear like that in use wherethey came
front. But these could not last always,
and new apparel, such as the new V,llll
- afforded, had to be provided. Be
sides, the little girls they brought with
them sprang up to womanhood with the
rapidity of the native butterweed, and
they had to be made Loth decent and
attractive. And what was more, they
wore willing to aid in making them
selves so. The flax patch, therefore,
became a thing of as prime necessity as
the truck-patch." This, like the
"truck-patch," was always a new clear
ing, for flax grows sot in virgin earth.
On the skis next to the woods the llax
grew tall, slender and delieate. This
was carefully pulled by the girls and
kept by itself to make finery of. The
stronger growth did well enough to
make Ilax linen shirts, and tow linen
pants for the men, or the warp for lin
sey-woolsey ; but for their 1-4indays the
ladies wanted something to make them
more attractive, :toil no blame on them
for that. This fine IlaN. was carefully
pulled,carefully rotted, carefully broken,
carefully scutehed, carefully spun, eare
fully dyed in divers colors, and careful
ly woven in Cross barred figures, taste
fully diversified, straining a point toget
Turkey redenough to put a single thread
between the duller colors to mark
their outline, like the circle around a
dove's eye. (If suchgoods the rustie
heanty made her i 4 unilay gown, and
Wen with her vandyke of snowwhite
homespun linen, and her snow-white
110111CSMIII stockings, and white id slip
pers, she was a sight for sore eyes, and
sometimes a sight for sore hearts. Ac
tive exercise in the open air, under the
shadow of a broad sum-bonnet, gave her
check an hottest healthful glow, and as
for that. alabaster smoothness of skin,
produced by infinitesimal doses of ar
senic, happily it was not admired. In
deed, if a rustic youth had been inform
ed that his lady-love took raishane, to
make herself pretty, he would have that
it horror from her presence.
Now you want to know how she came
by the white kid slippers, and I will tell
you. She had her lover or her brother,
shoot and skin six line squirrels, tanned
the skins herself in a large sugar trough,
and had them made up, to be worn on
Sundays and state occasions. But you
must not suppose she made long tramps
through mod and mire in these pretty
slippers. Her Sunday stockings and
slippers were snugly stowed away In
her satchel, and barefooted, when the
roads were good, but sometime , in her
cowhides shoes, she walked three, live
or seven miles to church, and when
came in sight of the place of worship,
turned into the iwoods and put on her
foot gear and walked in respectfully
and respected. The love of admiration
was not at all. There was a belief in
those prim:dive times that it was a sort
of sacrilege for a man with a dirty shirt
or a woman with dirty stockings to
come into the house of the Lord.
If any lady with five pounds of hemp
on the back of her head, and thirty-five
yards of silk velvet in her train, is un
charitable enough to laugh at our pio
neer mothers, I have this to say : Mad
am, I admire you very much. You are
a charming creature, but I doubt if you•
sons will ever bear the standards if their
country in the front of battle, or 'shake
the Senatb with a Tally's force,' like
the sons of these plain out wouu•u. For,
by the testimony of all history, luxury
lends to degeneracy.
The houses in which the pioneers lived
were such as I have described. They
were build of round logs, with the hark
on, chimneys of mud and sties, pun
cheon floor, clapboard roof, second
floor, if there was'any, of chestnut lark
or clapboards, without. a nail or particle
of iron, from top to bottom. These
buildings stood for many a year after
the original occupants had moved into
better quarters. They served for sta
bles,sheep-pens,hay-houscs,loom-shops
school-houses and other uses,
illus
t the primitive architecture of
the country. The people were still
building such houses in my day, except
that sawed boards might be had to lay
the second floor, and make the bottom
doors, and nails enough to fasten on the
buttons and wooden hinges. Nails
were, of course, sparingly used. I have
been told by a connection of mine, a
pioneer merchant, that after nails came
ill, tie was in the daily habit for
. years
of exchanging a pound of nails for a
bushel of wheat, even up, mull well re
member the first shingled roof I ever
saw was put on with wrought nails,
hammered out on a blacksmith's anvil,
and headed ill a blacksmith's vice; and
made f , rom odds and ends of worn out
sickles, and scythes, and broken clevis
pins, and links of chains, and horseshoes
welded together, to eke out the nail rods
from which they were forged. I have
been one of a corps of backwoods engi
neers to go into the woods in the morn
ing, where not a tree had been felled,
nor a stone turned, and build a house
and have the newly-married couple for
whom it was built, snugly lodged in
their own house the same night. At
early dawn three or four wise builders
would set the corner stones, and lay on
and square and level the first round.—
The hands employed would be thus de
tailed; two men with felling axes to
cut the logs, and one with a team of
horses, a lizzard and a log chain to
snake them in. Two more, with fell
ing axes, cross-cut saw and broad axe,
to hew out the puncheons and flatten
the upper sides of the sleepers and joists.
Four skillful axemen to carry up the
corners, and the residue with skids and
forks to shove up the logs.
As soon as the joists were laid on, the
cross-cut saw was brought in from the
woods, and two men went to work to
cut out the door and chimney place,
and while the corner men were build
ing up the attic and putting on the roof
the carpenters and masons of the day
were putting down the puncheon, lay
ing the hearth and building the chim
ney high enough to keep out beasts,
wild or tame. In one corner, at a dist
' auce of six feet from one wall and four
feet from the other, an auger hole was
bored through the floor, and a stick,
with a crotchet, in range with a chink
of the wall, and some eighteen inches
from the bottom, inserted. A pole was
then laid with one end in a chink of the
wall and the other in this crotchet, and
spring -bottom bed of clapboards and
LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING MAY 18. 1870
a straw mattress spread out to receive
the happy pair, after the company who
warmed the new house had retired. No
window was needed, because the chinks
in the wall were all open ; nor was it
necessary that the second floor should
be laid until the corn crop should be
gathered ; but as a thrifty couple, it was
expected that before winter set in they
would have the house chinked and
daubed to keep out the cold, a floor laid
overhead as a depository for the first
corn crop, and a window cut out and
glazed with the Western Herald duly
oiled to let in the light. Locks there
were none, because there were no thieves,
and "the latch-string was always out."
The furniture of the backwoods
matched the architecture well. There
were a few quaint specimens of cabinet
work dragged into the wilderness, but
these were sporadic and not common.
I can best describe it by what I saw in
my father's house. And first of all, a
table had to be improvised, and there
was no cabinet-maker to make It and
no lumber to make it of. Our door was
made with broad chestnut puncheons,
well and smoothly hewn, for the obso
lete art of hewing timber wits then in
its prime. My father took one of these
puncheons, two feet and a half broad,
putting two narrow ones in Ito place,
bored four large augur holes, and putdn
four legs of round poles, with the bark
on. On this hospitable board many a
wholesome meal was spread, and many
an honest num, and many a way-worn
stranger ate his fill and was grateful.—
On great occasions, when an extension
table was needed, the door was lifted elf
its hinges and added to the great pun
cheon, to accommodate the supply to
the demand.
What we sat upon first I cannot con
jecture, but I remember well Wh4211 my
father loaded his horses down with
wheat or corn and crossed the country,
a distance of eight or ten miles and
brought home in exchange a set of
split-bottom chairs—some of which
are intact to this day. Hugo band box
es !mule of blue ash bark, supplied the
place of bureaus and wardrobes ; and a
large tea-chest. cut in two and hung by
strings in the upper corners, with the
11(1116w sides outward, WM the library.
A respectable old bedstead, still in the
family, had been lugged across from
Ited Stone. An old turner and wheel
right added a trundle bed, and the rest
wore hewn :Hid whittled out according
to the fashion of the times, .to serve
their day and be supplanted by others,
as the civilization of the country advan
ced. And the grand flourish in furni
ture was the dresser. Here were spread
out a! reat display of pewter dishes,
pewter plates, pewter basins, andpew
ter spoons, scoured as bright as silver,
as it to say, "that women's (laughter
will make you a good wife, my boy."
I have said that money was scarce,
but then our fathers learned to live
wit hoot it. II was barter. The preach
er's stipend, the lawyer's fee, the school
master's salary, the workman's wages,
the shoemaker's acco u nt, the tailor's
bill, Were all paid in barter.
have seen my Pallier, when he had
a surplus of grain and a deficit of pigs,
II two sacks of corn and, on the hacks
of two horses, carry it to a distant part
Of the neighborhood and exchange it
for lour shoats, and in each sack thrust
one shoat in tail foremost and another
in head foremost, tie up the mouths of
the saeksand mount them on horseback,
rip a hole in the scant of the sack for
each snout to stick out, and bring them
home to he fattened for next year's pork.
Here was a curreney—a denomination
of greenbacks whkh neither reluired
the pen of the Chancellor of the Ex
chequer to make it a legal tender, nor
the judgment of the Chief Justice to
declare it unconstitutional. ,The law of
necessity governs in every case, and wise
nom may fret every hair off their headA
wilhout changing results.
113=
If time and space permitted, I would
Le glad to go through all the ramifica
lions if backwoods life, and do justice
to our pioneer fathers and mothers, and
if I live I will do it yet. But for the
present I can only speak of one more !
topic—the common school. The point
lation was so sparse that to fill up a
school, children had to travel a long
distance, and the labor of every child
:tide to pick up brush was required in
clearing and reclearing the land during
the nine working months of the year, '
so that we had lout three months school,
at the season of the year when children
could do nothing else; and so it hap
pened that during the nine working
months we forgot what we had learned
during the school months. As some
indescribable orator once said, " We
coin nieneed at ' Booby ' in \Vebster's
spelling-book on the first day of De
cember, and peogressed as far as the Fox
in the Bramble when the school ad
journed; went home and battled with
the brambles Dille months, and on re
turning to school on the first day of
December, found ourselves again at
' Booby.' "
As an agitator on the subject of popu
lar education, and the draftsman of the
school bill of 1837-3 s, I flatter myself
that our schools are now a little better
than formerly. But let no upstart de
spise the pioneer intellect of the West.
I will not venture beyond my own prof
fession , and the ministers of the religious
denomination in which I was reared. In
the town of Steubenville,where I studied
my profession, there stands a little old
court house. In early times when Court
was held in this little house, you might
notice round the table James Russ,
Philip Dodridge, Charles Hammond,
John M. (loud now, Benjamin Tappan,
John Wright and Obediah Jennings.
These men have all departed, and,
therefore, without flattery, I mention
their names and I challenge all the At
lantic seaboard from Boston to Charles
ton, to show me seven such men at any
one btu.
I nose turn to the pioneer Methodist
preachers, who reminded one more of
the blunt fishermen of Galilee than the
metaphysical pupil of (lamaliel ; and
when I count Asa Shinn, Abel Robin
son, John A. Watterman, Archibald
McElroy David Young and Nathaniel
Collins, I ant unable to find their equals
in the Church East or West. To match
the pioneer lawyers of Eastern Ohio, I
must invoke the name of Edwin M.
Stanton, and to match the pioneer
preachers that of Matthew Simpson,
both born by plain pioneer mothers in
the same neck of woods where my in
fancy and youtk were spent, and to
which I look back with feelings of hon
est pride.
young mother tell her servant to
wash the baby, when she put him in a
washing machine and cleaned him nut.
A buy at school spelt Aaron, "big A,
little a, r-o-n." Another spelt gallery,
"big gal, little gal, e-r-y—gallery.
A young lady's letter to a friend clos
ed : "But I riot stop, for here comes a
soph who parts his hair in the middle
and wears a moustache that pricks
il read fu I."
At the Zoological Gardens, before the
monkey's cage, two ladies, their escort
in the rear: 'Why, how much this one
looks like Ernest !" "St, if he should
hear you!" ''Who; Ernest ?" "
the monkey."
The guests at a first-class hotel were
recently startled at seeing "mice pie"
among the items of dessert on the bill of
fare. In charity to the landlord we are
induced to believe that "mince pie"
was the article intended.
A little girl in a western town, after
studying for some time a picture of a
Magdalen reclining on her face and
weeping, suddenly turned toher mother
and exclaimed: "Mamma, I know
why Mrs. Magdalen is crying. It is be
cause Mr. Magdalen does not buy her
clothes enough."
As divorce is somewhat of a fashiona
ble topic now-a-days, the following de
cision, by a judge pretty well known a
number of years ago, in a divorce case,
is apropos:—After heariig the testi
mony, his honor gave the opinion:
" From the testimony of the parties
themselves, given in this case, it has
been clearly shown that this man and
woman are just fit to live with each
other and no one else. The case will be
dismissed at the cost of the petitioner."
A waggish journalist, who is often
merry over his personal plainness, tells
this story on himself. I went to a chem
ist the other day for some morphine for
a sick friend. The assistant objected to
giving it to me without a prescription,
evidently fearing that I intended to
commit suicide. " Pshaw ! " said I, "do
I look like a man who would kill laim
self ?" Gazing steadily at me a moment
he replied, " I don't know. It seems to
me if I looked like you, I should be
greatly tempted to kill myself.
The Trap
A Story of Woman's Revenge
There never breathed a more merci
less and villainous monster than lieu
Natbans, a fellow who had attached
himself to the interests of the Pawnee
Indians, then a peaceable tribe awl
well inclined toward the white settlers
of the far West. But lilathans had
sowed the seeds of discontent among
the red men; and :although he could
not induce the chief to join him in any
murderous enterprises, he hail com
pletely won over a number of the war
riors who agreed to join him in any des
perate undertakingthey might be called
upon to attempt, provided he would
lead them, and provided, also, that they
would be rewarded.
With a dozen of these fiendish Paw
nees, Nathans set out one bitter winter's
night upon an excursion, which he in
formed his men would pay them hand
somely, and that too, without incurring
any great risk to themselves.
The point of attack was a rauche sit
uated on the main road from Laramie
to Bridger's Pass. The leader and his
savages entered it about mid-night.—
They had murdered the watchman out
side, and left his bloody form, ghastly
and horrible to look upon, stretched be
fore the dwelling.
Within, they found two men; and,
even before they had-been aroused front
their slumbers, the dripping tomahawk
was raised over them, and when it fell,
it crashed through the brain of the half
aroused sleepers, and sent them back to
their long sleep.
A heavy door now intervened be
tween Nathans and an apartment he
wished to reach. lie tried the latch,
and found that it was locked; but seiz
ing an axe, he soon effected an entrance
by battering the door into splinters.
A single shot was fired at hint, and
the bullet whizzed past his head, cut
ting his cap, but doing him no harm.
Instantly, he leaped through the
opening he had made, but all was dark
ness around him. And yet he thought
that he heard the sound of a light foot
fall, and saw the flutter of a night
dress by the rays of the torches which
were blazing in time next apartment.—
So he culled :
"Bring lights, men ! Quick, bring
lights !"
The savages sprang through the aper
ture with wild yells, flashing their tor
ches over their heads, and dancing
about in evident delight. They already
felt themselves inure than repaid fur
their journey, for in the ranche-store
they had found blankets, ornaments,
furs, tobacco, and, what was of still
greater importance to them, whiskey.
Of this they had drank until they were
ready for any act, no matter haw dar
ing or brutal.
As Bonn as the lights were brought in
to the room, their rays revealed a bed
which was standing in one corner. To
the side of his couch the renegade sprang
He saw that it bad been but recently oc
cupied, for it was yet warm. But thew
was:only a single indentation upon the
pillow. Could this be the couch of the
woman he sought ; where was the hus
band? And where was the woman ?
Nathans at once began his search.
He seized a torch, and high and low
through the building he went, not a
spot escaping, Iris scrutiny. But he re
turned to the main room foiled, for not
a soul could be found. And yet the.
villain felt sure that he hail caught the
glimpse of a female form, flying from
his presence.
Upon reaching the upper room, he
found that it was ill Ilaines. He was
angry, but his wrath was of no avail,
and he namil it impossible to oxtinguish
the flames.
At the moment he believed himself
to be foiled; for it was a woman he
sought. But a cry fell upon his ears.
Ife sprang into the sleeping-apartment
and throwing back the bed covering he
sure an infant, who, up to this moment,
had remained con c ealed from his view.
lie seized the child in his arms, and as
he gained the outside of the burning
mass, he laughed loudly, and exclaim
ed :
"The proud beauty is in my power
now. This is her child, and wherever
the infant is taken, she will follow.—
But it is strange that the inutlwr should
forsake her little one, even for any in
stant, at a moment of danger. Where
can she possibly. be? "
But the question was not answered.—
The wails of the little one arose upon
the still night air; but there came to it
no mother's soothing voice.
The villain and his followers took
their way into the mountains, hearing
their booty with them, as well as the
frightened and sobbing infant. But
they halted only a short distance from
the ranche, for Nathans resolved upon
further plans. He had determined that
the woman he sought should become
his captive, and that, too, before he re
turned to the Pawnee stronghold, at
Table Hill.
Daylight dawned, and while he was
trying to decide upon sonic plan of ac
tion, he saw a white boy approaching
his camp.
The savages had discovered the lad at
the same tune. "They were yet under
the influence of iiquor, for they had a
quantity of it with them, still uncom
sunned, and upon seeing the approach of
the boy, they leaped upon him, and
their knives were raised, ready to be
plunged into his breast; but Nathan:4
sprang to his rescue, and, with the
greatest difficulty, succeeded in saving
his life.
As soon ns the little reilow Nva- , safe,
the villian asked :
"Well, my boy, what bringA you
here?"
"I eanw, Sir," replied the lad, "4
aCeOUllt of that child."
" Did the mother send you ?"
" No—the mother is dead."
" How is that?"
"liow is that
" Well, Sir, when the alarm of the at
tack was given last night, poor Mrs.
Webber was frightened nearly to death.
She sprang from her bed,and,forgetting
her little one entirely, she ran into the
cellar for safety. It was not long after
before she discovered that the building
was on lire, and then she thought of
her child. She made an eflbrt to return
for it, but a faintness came over her, and
for a time she could not move. Ilutshe
rallied and staggered forward, only to
fall from sullbeation. And there she
perished."
"
how (I() you know this
i
" was sleeping n the same apart
ment with Agnes. When she an to
the cellar I followed. I was as much
frightened as herself, and only thought
of the child when the mother spoke of
her. I tried to save my sister but I had
only time to crawl thro,igh a window
and save my own life."
" Are yon . the brother of Agnes Web
ber?"
" You con see that I em if you ever
met Agnes, by my strung resemblance
to her."
" The resemblance is a striking one,
I confess. liut where was the husband
of your sister?"
" lie went to the mountains fora hunt
several days since, and had not return
ed last night."
"Well, what do you want with me?"
"I knew you had the child, for I saw
it in your arms last, and I heard it cry
as you passed by me. I was too much
frightened to speak to you then. But
when I came to think, I didn't know
why you should wish to harm Inc or to
keep the babe, and so I resolved to come
to you and ask for it."
"What will you do with the brat?''
" I really don't know ; but I am the
uncle of the little one; and of course, I
must do all I can for it, for I think its
father must have already been killed."
" Then the best thing I can do with
this little whelp is to dash its brains out
against a tree,' said the monster, rais
ing the child tiy one foot, and making a
movement as if to put his suggestion in
to execution. But the boy sprang for
ward, and catching the infant in his
arms, he cried :
"0 no! Don't harm the innocent
thing! She will be a woman someday,
and then you might be glad you let her
live."
" True, true—l never thought of that,"
continued the fiend. "And she may
look like her mother. It is a long time
to wait, and I shall be old then. But
the death of the brat will do me no good
now, and I'll let her live, if I don't
change my mind. Still I cannot help
cursing myself for permitting Agnes to
slip through my fingers. I loved heras
much as I could love anybody; and if I
had only been more careful, I might
have made her mine."
For some momenta the villain remain
ed silent and thoughtful ; then he turn
ed toward the boy and exclaimed :
"You may be deceiving me. If I
thought you were, I would dmh your
brains out in an instant."
"Deceiving you in what, Sir?"'
"A.Kes may not be dead."
u
can satisfy yourself about that."
v can I do so?"
"Go with me and see the body your
self."
"How can this If it was in the
cellar, as you say, it is burnt to a cinder
by this &One."
'No. When I drew it from the burnt
timbers this morning there was still
enough left to recognize it by.—Poor
girl—a smile was resting upon her face,
blackened as it was."
"So you found the body?"
"Yes."
"And drew it out':"
"I did."
" What did you do with it
" I placed it iu the barn. I did not
know but her husband might be hack
in a few days, and I knew he would
want to see it when he came."
" How many men are at the ranehe,
or where it stood
"Not one. They were all killed last
night!"
Is it possible that the father of this
child may be back by this time?"
" Ye* it is possible."
"Well, I will taku my warriors, and
go to the barn. I will satisfy myself
that Agnes is dead, if such is really the
ease. But it will be a sorry deception
for you, if I hind you are deceiving
me"
"Come on, and you will find it Ad I
101 l you. I will carry the child. The
little thing in frightened, when in your
arms; and if it cries, which it is sure to
do ; the Indian; may get angry and kill
it.
" Very well—pm can hold the brat."
Several of the savages were so drunk
that they were not able to walk, or even
stand alone, and these had to be left be
hind. But Nathans started un his re
turn to the scene of the murder, twcom
panied by four of his red fiends. These
were wild:viith the stimulants they had
swallowed, and several times they at
tempted to kill the lad and the child,
but were prevented from doing so by
their leader.
As'they approached the barn Nathans
appeared to be somewhat suspicious. He
gazed cautiously around ou every side,
but not a sign oflife was there.
The ruins of the ranch still smoked,
and occasional shoots of flame darted up
from between the 'timbers. But before
the blacked mass lay a ghastly sight. It
was the body of the watchman, who had
been murdered and literally cut to pieces
by the fiendish enemy.
The charred remains of the two who
had been killed within were visible, and
the spectacle was a sickening one, al
though Nathans laughed a.; he looked
upon it.
Nearing the barn, the villain ex
claimed :
" Boy, open the door for us!"
The lad advanced and did 5,. ; hut he
Aarted back, and exclaimed :
" I), I cannot look upon her fare again
—it would kill Me! You will lied the
body, Sir, near the further end of the
harm (lo inn, for I cannot !"
Nathan:: gazed in at the door, and ap
peared to examine the interior of the
place. Jr, evid,ntly satisfied, for
he exclaimed :
" I (1011 t sea , any living being here ;
but there in a heap of half-burnt rags.
I suppose all that is left of A g ues is in
there.
As the villain spoke he entered the
harm and the savages followed him.
The boy (Touched low, watching the
wretch and his red fiends, until they
had disappeared from view. Ho mani
fested considerable excitement, and then
leaped to his feet, and ran to the ruins
of the ranche. He seized a blazing fagot
and returning a few steps toward the
barn, applied it to a train of powder
which had Leon previously lal d. The
flash shot up, 31111 crawled like a tiery
serpent toward the building in which
the wretches were standing. In air in
stant after, there came:a terrible:explo
sion, and the murderers, together with
the blazing masses and broken timber
were hurled high into the air. They
met a terrible but merited (limn).
In half an hour after, the husband re
turned. The boy explained matters,
adding :
"I have saved our child, 'William,
but we must go where the child will be
in no further danger."
" Yes, my wife, we will do so."
The mother had been temporarily ab
sent from her dwelling, when the vil
lain and the Indians came upon the
ranche. She had returned just in time
to see her infant in the arms of Nathans.
She had decided in an instant upon her
plan of rescuing it, and sire laid the trap.
She disguised herself as the boy, and
she recovered her darling; while she
was terribly revenged upon those who
had murdered her friends and de.ipoiled
her home.
Flogging of Five Garotters
On Wednesday morning last, between
ten and eleven o'clock, live garotters
were flogged, one after the other, in
Newgate, for various ruffian outrages.
Sir Joseph Causton and Mr. Paterson,
the Sherifilii; and Mr. Baylis and Mr.
tirosley, the under-Sheriffs; Mr. Jonas,
the Governor; and Mr. Gibson, the Sur
geon, were present. The following is
an account of the operation :
Upon the sheriffs and others entering
the oakum-room, Joseph Buck, a stout
young fellow, nineteen years old, was
seen to be already fastened up in the old
whipping, apparatus. He was stripped
to the waist, and his arms were thrust
through oval holes in a cross beam. His
lower limbs were encased up to the
thighs in the sort of black box, from
the - back of which the dreaded whip
nini4-post rose. thick was not a bad
looking, young ratan; he stood quietly,
and looked about Without much appa
rent fear. Presently, however, he be
gan to tremble either from cold or ner
vous apprehension, and his face became
very white. He had been sentenced,
at the Central Criminal Court, to re
ceive twenty-five lashes. Caleraft had
his coat off, and after peering curiously
at the prisoner's back, laid on a blow
which marked the white surface with
pink streaks from under the hitt to the
middle of the right shoulder. Buck
gave a cry of pain, and, as the blow was
repeated, Writhed much. lie endeavor
ed to subdue the expression of his suf
ferings, but he soon seemed to find them
almost intolerable, and shouted " Mur
der," as he moved about in agony.—
When the prescribed number of lashes
had been administered a shirt was
thrown over him, and he was released.
Geo. Hurley, a tall man, was to re
ceive 25 lashes before undergoing seven
years' penal servitude, for taking part
in a highway robbery of a most aggra
vated character. When fastened up
not an instant was wasted ; the eat de
scended on his back in a decisive fash
ion. He tried not to cry out, but an
"Olt !" escaped him. He wriggled Con
vulsively, and his muscles quivered as
the lash was applied; he moved in and
out, and groaned and sighed. He Sh run k
inwards towards the post as the cat fell,
and sighing loudly, he at last crouched
down and hung his head forward, rest
ing it against the cross beam. His heavy
breathing no less than his crouching
posture, showed that he felt the lashes
in every quivering fibre. He cried,
"Oh, Lord, have mercy!" once or twice,
but he evidently had not thwfaintest
hope of softening the heart of the hang
man by any appeal. He continued
throughout very pale. His back bled,
but only slightly. When released he
was unable to walk without assistance,
and had to be supported from the oakum
room by the warders.
While waiting for the next arrival,
Calcraft dipped the cat into a jar of
water, to wash off' any blood adhering
to it, and then dried it by flogging the
floor. This little ceremony, however,
did not last a minute, and then John
Brian, the companion of Hurley in the
robbery, was ushered in. He was a
strong-built man, of middle height, 25
years of age. His features, which were
strongly marked and well cut, were ex
pressive of determination. He stood
the flogging with wonderful firmness.
Towards the end he got a little paler,
and he set his jaws in a manner that
showed he felt the pain he would not
confess. When he was unfastened he
smiled, and, looking around him with
an air of affected indifference, walked
off as if nothing had happened.
The next rascal was a young man
named Daniel Magan, who was sen
tenced to 20 lashes for robbing with vi
olence Mrs. Ann Holamby, in Ham
mersmith. Having been made fast he
bore the stripes without a cry, but he
winced under their infliction. He mov
ed backwards and forwards almost con
tinuously, and two or three times Cal
craft waited, when the cat was already
In the air, until the back was in a favor
able position before letting the blow fall.
Then he applied it with good will, but the
whish of the stroke was the only sound
heard, for the prisoner, though very
pale, doggedly suppressed all cries. To
wards the conclusion of the flogging his
back and sides twitched spasmodically.
There was no blood, but his flesh was
rendered very livid, and was severely
bruised. When let down he put on an
appearance of indifference he Nrm.- , far
from feeling, and went out with a
swagger.
The last to undergo punishment was
Thomas Sherwood, a youth different in
appearance from all the others. He
was of a distinctively criminal type, his
features and the shape of his head de
noting a very low organ izat ion. Though
said to have been only 1S years of age,
he must have been at least two or three
years older. His offence was the rob
bery with violence of a Mrs. Shea, on
the 2.5 th of March, in Kent street, Bor
ough. When Sherwood entered the
whipping room, lie walked past the gov
ernor to Mr. Gibson, the surgeon, and in
a low tone said " Feel my heart." The
surgeon felt his pulse, and finding noth
ing but the ordinary consequences of
ea.eiternent, said "Go on." Sherwood,
whose evil, stupid face expressed fright
and anxiety, seemed disconcerted at the
result of his application as he turned to
wards the warders who helped him to
strip. When tied up, his shoulders were
seen to be so bowed that he was almost
hump-backed. At the first lash he tit
tered a loud cry of fear and pain. At
every succeeding stroke he gave expres
sion to some abject appeal for mercy,
"Oh, pray;" "Oh, don't!" "Hunter!"
and finding that not the slightest notice
was taken of his supplications, he actu
ally yelled; his shrill cries being given
forth um estrainedly at the very highest
pitch. 'chat bringing no relict, he ejac
ulated, "Oh, God Almighty!'' '"chat's j
enough? I'm not to get more than twen
ty !" ''Oh, God Almighty !" When
matters hail got to this point the twen
ty lashes had been duly counted out,
and the signal was given to stop. llis ;
back was deeply livid —lead-colored— 1
and bleeding. So far as appearanees
went, lie hail been more severely pun
ished than any, but the blows were not
heavier in his case than in that of any
of the others.—Brighton Eng.! G uar
(Nun, April 20(11.
The Story or a Rebel Song
Stonewall Jackson's Way '' wan
written at Oakland, Allegheny county,
'Maryland, almost within hearing of the
guns of Antietam. About ten days after
that battle it first appeared in print, in
the eolunms of the Baltimore Re pub(i
can by the author), headed: "Found
the Body of a Sergeant of the Old
Stonewall Brigade, Killed at Winches
ter." 'flie original copy had dropped
front his pocket in the heart of the Fed
eral encampment at Antietam, he being
then special correspondent of a Northern
journal.
Taken from the Republican, the song
was at once sit to music, and published
simultaneously by two music-dealers in
Baltimore, but with different airs. The
one to which it was popularly sung
throughout Virginia, and especially in
the Confederate army in the \'alley,was
composed by young Frederick Benteen,
a remarkable musical genius, whose
early death was not only 'a
private but a
public loss.] The "sympathizers" of
Baltimore caught the tune as eagerly as
they had that of "My Maryland;" but
their enthusiasm met with a rude cheek
at the hands of the reigning provost
marshal, who seized and bunted the
sheets, destroyed the plates, and cauter
ized the wound inflicted upon loyal
hearts by applying a red-hot oath of
allegiance to several of the music-sellers
of the city.
But the song had already gone
through "the fides." It was reprinted
in Richmond, and gaily sung by every
woman and child in the Valley of Vir
ginia, especially by the admirers of
General Jeb Stuart, with whom it was
a favorite ditty. Once the author, in
passing alone and by night from I. ieneral
Breckenridge's army (then lying near
VVookstocki to Richmond, was arrested
at Gordonsville as a Federal spy, and
while guarded by two sentries in the
public room of an inn, was recognized
by a stranger as "the man who wrote
Jackson's "
In every printed collection of the
poems and songs of the war, this one
has been awarded a prominent place,
and almost every compiler has sought
for information concerning its origin
and authorship. At one time the title
of the song was used as a handy news
paper phrase, to describe the character
istic exploits ()fits hero ; and "Stonewall
Jackson's Way' appeared at the head
of reports and editorials in the Southern
press.
AS an example of the interest it
aroused, we may mention that Dr. Oliver
Wendell Holmes, in his lively lecture
on the " Songs of the War," spoke of
" Stonewall Jackson's Way" as by far
the best song that had come from the
rebel side. Another writer cites it as a
line example of the true and stirring
ballad, comparing it with Whittier's
well-known " Barbara Freitehie." A
leading New York journal once charac
terized it :is " a ballad that will live as
long as the war is remembered ;" and
Putnam's Monthly has twice pointed to
it as a genuine inspiration. Nor has its
fame been confined to this country. A
literary nobleman of England wrote to
an American poet, requesting hint to
procure, if possible, an autograph copy
of the song.
In every place it has appeared anony
mously, except in Miss Mason's com
pilation, published in Baltimore; by
her it is erroneously ascribed to one "De
Riviere." Of course, its text, by fre
quent reprinting, has suttbred much
damage at the hands of printers' proof
readers, with the exception of the origin
al draft in the old .11,:int/dieurz, and a
copy furnished long afterwards by the
New York Round Tuldr, the one here
given, is the only correct copy ever
)rinted.
In Virginia the authorship has com
monly been attributed to a very uncer
tain "lady." The legitimate parent of
the song is a well-known journalist and
magazine writer, formerly of Baltimore,
whose name is familiar to the readers of
the Atlantic Monthly; and many ladies
and gentlemen of that city are cognisant
of the facts hero first made public, set
ting forth the true story of " Stonewall
Jackson's Vs' ay."
Conic, stack arms, men ! file un the rails
stir up the c: u np-ltru• bright
No nutter If the.ntPen
\V:•'11 thallP a roaring night.
Ilpre Shenathlotth brawls :thong
There burly Blue Ridge echoes st romt,
• I'o swell the brigade's row-log song,
litoneteall Jackson's way.
WP see him now; the queer, sitatelell hat
Cocked o' or hls eye askew;
The shrewd, tire Hattie; the speech so pal,
tier calm, so Went, so tree:
Thr 'cute old Elder knows them well;
Says he, "That's Bank's—he' , rond of shell;
Lord save his soul ! g've him"—Wei
That's Stonewall Jackson's way.
Silence! Ground arms! Kneel all! Caps o
Oldlue-light's going to pray ,•
Strangle the fool that dares to wolf—
Attention! IVs his way.
Appealing from his nnti vk,sl
•
/a forma rauft,ri,, to (:ati
- Lay bare Thine aria! Stretch forili the rot
Amen !"—that's Stonewall's way.
IMIE=MMEI
Steady! the whole Brimole.
at the ford—eut off. We•Il win
Ills way Out ball and Made.
What matter flour shoes are worn?
What matter If our Met are torn?
Quick. step! We're with him hero, morn!
. .
That's Stonewall Jackson's way.
The sun's bright lances rout the foists
of morning ; and, by George !
Here's Longstreet struggling in the lists,
Hemmed in an ugly gorge.
Pope and his Yanke e s!—whipped before.
"Bay'nets and grape!" hear Stonewall roar:
Charge, Stuart! Pay ofrAshby's score,
In Stonewall Jackson's way
Ah, maiden! wait, and watch, and yearn, `
Fur news of Stonewall's band;
AS, widow! read with eyes that burn
That ring upon thy hand ;
AS, wife! sew on, pray on, hope on !
Thy life shall not be all forlorn.
The foe had Setter ne'er been born,
That acts in Stonewall's way.
*Though comparatively young It his
he was old In his ways, and In the affections
of his men.
"Sam," said one little urchin to an
other, " does your schoolmaster 'ever
give you any rewards of merit ?"
" I s'pose he does," was the rejoinder
" he gives me a liekin' every day, and
says I merits two.''
The lady principal of a school, in her
advertisement, mentioned her lady as
sistant, and the reputation which she
bears ; but the printer left out tho word
" which," so the advertisement went
forth commending - the lady's "reputa
tion for teaching she bears."
" Peter, what are you doin to that
boy?" said a schoolmaster.
He wanted to know, if you take 10
from 17 how many will remain? So I
took ten of his marbles to show him,
and now he wants that I should give
them back."
" Well, why don't you do it then ?"
'Cauite, sir, he would then forget how
many is-left."
NUMBER 20.
Jefferson and Jackson
Old But Interesting Correspondence
The following letters are taken from
the Pcansy/raninn of A ug list the—, 1838.
Jas. O. Bennett, whose name appears
in the correspondence, is the editor of
the New York Herald. 'l'. J. Groijan,
to whom Mr. Jefferson's letter was ad
dressed, has long been a citizen of Lou
isville.
JEFFERSON A N D JACKSON AS 31012 A LISTS
In the annexed correspondence will
be found an original letter written by
Thomas Jefferson, accompanied also
with the opinions of Andrew Jackson
on it, now first published to the world,
and both containing advice for youth,
and rules for the regulation of mond
conduct, which for beauty, force, brevity
and comprehensiveness, eserve to be
hung side by side with the Declaration
of Indepmidence, in letters of gold, in
every house, in every h ab itation of the
republic.
The letter of Jelferson is peculiarly
characteristic of that eminent man.—
The purity inculcated—the affection dis
played—and, above all, the sublimity of
the close, in which he says lie will, if
permitted, look down front heaven upon
his godson. are particularly forcible and
marked. Every child throughout the
nation ought to be taught this short
" rule of life" by heart, at the same mo
ment he learns his creed and his first
prayer. The just and exquisite blending
of religious feeling, patriot is fervor, filial
piety and moral truth in this immortal
production is without 0 parallel out
the limits of Christianity itself.
The warm tribute 01' approbation
which the venerable Andrew Jackson
accords to this legacy of Jefferson —a
legacy not to young Mr. (lrotjan :done,
but to posterity - in all time to ‘onte, will
be responded to by every religious, pa
t riot le, moral 'Walt from Maine to Lou
isiana. .Iclll , rson and Jackson Will go
down to the next and all future ages as
the greatest and wisest a
and
[C.I,IItESPoNI , ENCE.I
" ti, --
Prier A. Uroejun, 1.7.1.--11EAn
You remember the letterof ad \dee, writ
ten by the immortal Thomas Jefferson
to your young son, and which showed
me, together with tho aveompanying
sentiments of the present thief Magis
trate of the Union, Andrew Jackson,
the disciple and successor of the former.
If it be compatible with your views of
propriety, I should be pleased to get a
copy of Mr. Jolferson's letter, hrgether
with General Jackson's, For publication.
"'rho character of J clrerson as a pa
triot and statesman will remain equal
to any, and above thousands of his con
temporaries, as long as the Declaration
of Independence exists on the pages of
history. But as a sublime moralist, :Ls
a man whose sentiment, on religious
truths are pure, I have never yet seen
anything emanate front his mind so
beautiful, so eompreliensi ve, as the short
letter of advice which your boy reedfrom that great patriot. . .
" Out of the sacred volumes of I'hris
li;unity, I do not believe there exists :1
production equal to it in the world. The
letter also plitees ill a most distinguished
i/Oillt or view the charact(T (ll' Jefferson
for piety and religion, far beyond the
assaults of his political enemies or of
political prejudice. I trust, therefore,
you will favow me with a copy of it fur
publication in the nww/ertniun.
" I atn, dear sir, yours respectfully,
J.xs. ISENNrrr."
I'll I LA DELpif ;\ 11, 153 .—Jnmra
BrnneW, Eqq.—DEAR St : 1 have
had the pleasure to receive your letter
of yesterday. The precious relies to
which you allude were designed by me
to remain private family documents, for
the benefit of him to whom they are
addressed ; and time the letter of Thos.
Jefferson has so remained these nine
years.
" But when I reflect that the senti
ments of such patriots and sagas us
Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson
must be justly claimed as national prop
erty, I deem it my duty nut to deny
your requesL:
" I, therefore, freely send you a copy
of the correspondence, hoping, with our
reverend President, that the sublime
sentiments contained in the letter of
advice will prove of I oenellt to many
more persons besides the object of his
solicitude.
" \VW] great regard, I ilaN't•the honor
to remain yours, Si'.tt
" I'uTl.ll2 A ;10 ,TJA N."
"MoNTtrimi,.., January In 1521.--
- Your letter, Madam,
theist inst., has
been received, informing on. that I
have a namesake in your family, to
whom you wish ate lu address a line of
exhortation to a virtuous tint patriotic
life. I have done it in the enclosed let
ter. I am duly sensible of the indulgence
with which you have kindly viewed the
part I have acted in life. The times in
which my lot was cast called on every
citizen for every etlbrt of his body
and mind; and if in these parts :Is
signed me I have been able to render
any service I tun thankful for having
been made the instrument of it. I learn
with pleasure that you have the blessings
of a promising family, and sincerely
pray and trust that iL may continue a
blessing through life, and I tender to
to yourself and family my best wishes
and respects.
" TII.OI V.; .1 EFFEItsoN
" M Phil'a."
li=
" Your affectionate mother requests
that I would address to you, as a name
sake, something which might have a
favorable influence on the course of life
you have to run. Few wort I- tie neces
sary with good dispositions on you part
—adore (oil--reverence and cherish
your parents-love yourneighborßS your
self, and your country more than life.
I3e just—he true—murmur not at the
ways of Providence, and the life into
which you have entered will be the ptts
sage to one of eternal and inerthlile
And if to the dead it in permitted to care
for the things or this world every action
of your life will be under my regard.
Farewell.
" January 10, P. 24."
"Although requested by Mr. (Irotjan,
yet I can add nothing to the admirable
advice given to his son by that virtuous
patriot and enlightened statesman,
Thomas Jefferson. l'he precious relic
which he sent to the young child con
tains the purest morality and inculcates
the noblest sentiments. I can only re
commend rigid adherence to them.—
They will carry him through life safely
and respectably; and, what is far bet
ter, they will carry him through death
triumphantly; and we may humbly
trust they will secure to all who may
in principle and practice adopt them
that crown of immortality described in
the holy Scriptures.
ANDREW JACKS , O:
Philuel , !phi,. June 9th, 1533."
No Reduction of tho Army
Thy New York Tribune says:
Mr. Wilson consents, we are sorry in see
and say, that the clause of his A rmy bill re
ducing the forces to '2.5,000 men shall be
struck out, on the argument of Southern
Senators that it won't do to take any troops
front the South, and that of Western Sena
tors that additional forces are needed in the
West to tight the Indians. It does not ap
pear to have been suggested to the South
ern gentlemen that a safer policy for their
section would bo to rule by love and am
nesty rather than fear and proscription.—
The Western Senators will discover eventu
ally what they do not appear now to know,
that it is cheaper to feed than to fight In
dians. And as the people have forgotten
past animosities toward the Rebels, and
heartily favor redeeming present promises
to the Indians, we suggest that the further
military occupation of the South and an
expensive war in the West aro not abso
lutely essential to the well being of the Re
public.
Es-President Johmion and Family.
A Republican paper at Knoxville, Tenn.,
referring to ox-President Johnson says:
" The ox-President spends most of his
time in study. He writes a great deal, and
it isgenerallysupposed thathecontcmplates
soon publishing a book which shall be a
defense of ' my policy' and his administra
tion. lie has some visitors from a distance,
and during court sessions his house is daily
tilled from early morning till night b y his
friends from the country, who think him
time greatest man of the age.
"The people of the whole country will Ito
interested in hearing something of the very
estimable and pleasant ladies who did the
honors at the White House with so much
credit during Mr. Johnson's adm i nistration.
Mrs. Shiver, who made many friends dur
ing her residence in Washington, married
a worthy merchant of Greeneville some
mouths ago. She is now plain Mrs. Brown,
wife of the village merchant, but carries to
her now quiet home all the modesty and
dignity that graced the Executive Mansion.
Mrs. Patterson is with her husband on the
farm at Home Station."
BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS, $l2 a year
squre of 150 lines; Vi per year Pm each addl
tlonEl
.squaro.
REAL ESTATE AIuVERTISING, 10 cents a Ilan• lot
the first, and 5 walla for each sulcsegla•nt -
httertlon.
OENERA I. A PVERTISINO, 7 cents n line tnT
acct, and 4 oents (or each subsequent In.
lion.
SPECIAL .NOTICI.A Inserted In Local Co I.e.
li Cents per Ilno.
SPECIAL NOTICFA pree..tling nulrrhtgem all
deaths, 10 cents per line for nred Inserthai
and 5 cents fur every subsequent I Insert Inn.,
LEGAL AND °TILER NOT
Executors' notices
Administrators' notice
Assignees' notices
Auditors' notices
Other "Notices," ten lines, str less,
three tine5............_...... ....... I
Renripettrl
Once more 1 . 01111 , up in Congress the
proposition to revive and extend the Frcial
men's Bureau, under the guise of provid
ing for the education of the Southern
blacks. lint why shimlll the people or thy
North be taxed toeducate these migroe , '.'
They or their friend,: have possession or
the State Governments :if the South, :Lilt' if
there is really such all Overpowering, thin
for this knowledge among the freedmen,
why don't these State An:vertu:lents give it
to them? 'Pliey eau always raise money
enough for a railway job or other speed la
and why not appropriate gonna:him:
to that; estublishittunt and maintenance of
uegf-J schools? South Carolina negro:,
contribute nothing towards the education
of white ehildren In Illinois, and why
should Illinois be taxed millions to educate
the negro children of South Carolina? It
is not equal rights.
Out we all know what this revival of the
bureau means. It is iu reality as little ed
ucation as the original bureau \1',44
bat now, lIS then, a political device,a t rick •
a means of sustaining in the South an army
of bear-leaders to bring the negrous up,
promptly to the polls. The cost of :Illy
revivification or this 'silks wilt he enor
mous. It will htr exceed that :if Ow old
bureau, since that was Meal and tempora
ry: this is 11,•:101 to is: permanent :old
universal. to the remotest hamlet in ti,
South a "teacher," e., a political agent is
contemplated. All the tixtching Ito Mill
over eln will be to train Ow young blacks
lip in the most diabolical hatred of the
whites, and thus pave the way for years or
fiallre trouble. Ills main function will Le
to risirganizo loyal longues: tinil out I:11-
Klux in every bush, after the fashion ortih ,
old Puritan N 1 iteliolitviiiirs; breed - out:
rages" to order; toil lies about. the Smith
generally ; and, in a word, rialca and -
11Illy each dirty :Mice appertaining to the
:lays of the old bureau.
III) such disturbing scheme :IA
this. country beginning to
tin, and a rovivitient ion of the bureau kill
reopen the old sore. \‘',, aro taxed 1...0
much already, and cannot stand the addi
tional roldwry the support o f this in,,tito_
lion would be. If there Is ouch n vital ne
cessity t.l educate the young Idneks and
"make them worthy" of the ballot, as
Brant said, forgetting' that 111 0 )' havO II ni
ready Ivithout /wing worthy • then let the
twg,ro State go, ertutients of the South
provide l'or such odueation,
governments have the power t 0 raise
money for educational purposes, and
in the revetistrtioted vonstitutions
are the 11104 stringent provisions
I . onttnalitling the establishment and proper
support of a school st•stern. Why, then,
cuwo on the North? Chit for the inimensi
ty of the rolibery viaileniplaled, 0110 would
say the most amazing thing in this contem
plated stvindle was its impertinonee. The
implied idea is that having freed the Mack
we must enfraitehim , him ; having enfran
ehised him we must give him an education;
and then no doubt when Nye have educated
him give him a town-houso and a country
seat, while WO pinch ourselves le feel, the
\Ve suggest to l'ongress that some
Fetter principle than this must he found
daub over the proposed re-establishment of
the bureau. —N. Y. IVorld.
Napoleon and Ills Profenreil 3115510 a.
If the late alleged plot for the assassina
ion of 145118 Napoloon is not, as supposed
ly some, a mere invention or the govern
neat fur political effect, it is the fourth at
einpt of the kind which has 1/1,11 made
ipon his life. Tho first of those occurred
When, :05 Prince President, he Was
I ,assing through :Oarseilles on a triumphal
lourney, An infernal machine was con
tructed, consisting of more than a Min
tred musket barrels placed in a room ell
110 ground floor of a house, so use tic swoop
he street with certain dmtli to all bel.ort,
it. it was designed that these guns shuuhl
be discharged simultaneously by a fuse as
seen as the President, with his cortege, was
in front of them. If the plan had been ac
complished, the carnage, in the crowded
streets of a city on a foto day, must have
been terrific; but it is owe of the amiable
characteristics of such conspirators to con
sider it better that ninety innocent persists
should nutter than that one whom they
consider guilty should escape. Fortilnate
ly, the plan was discovered, by the vigi
lance of the police, on the day before the
President passed by that window.
The second 'attempt was made upon the
Emperor's return to France from his visit
to England in on the '2.tith of April,
a man named Pianori, who does not soon
to have had any accomplices, approached
very near the ltfinperiir while he was riding
on horseback in the environs of Paris, the
Emperor accompanying him in a carriage.
The assassin tired twice at his intended
victim with a revolver, ono shot grazing
the Emperor's hat. The criminid was in
stantly seized, and afterwards executed.-
The Senate, ini a ',oily, called 11p011 the
limier with their congratulations for his es
cape. In his reply, hes:flit: "So long as I
shall not have itecomplished my mission,
incur no danger."
The third attempt Was made by the Hal i n n
revolutionist Orsini and his accomplices,
who, as the Emperor and EinpreSs, On the
11th of January, were approatdfing the
opera in their carriage, a itemise crowd being
around, Huron' Under the carriage several
bombs of terrilie power. A large number
were killed and niany more killed by the
explosion, but the Emperor and Empress
escaped entirely unharmed. Here again
was displayed the recklessness of innocent
peculiar to; these extremists in their
plots, as well as the bungling execution
which kills its friends and lets its (Mention
eseapa,
In view of these and the result of thin
latest attempt at his ILSSlliiSinatioll, the KM
peror, it is preSlllllol, still considers his
- mission" 'mulled. Ile appears, however,
in his measures Afilr establishing parlia
mentary government and perpetuating hl■
dynasty, to recognize the approach of the
inevitaLle end, but with the determination
to be "toaster of the situation" to the full
extent of human capability to the hint mo
ment of MS OWII "recorded Lizne."—lialti
1/10re 8,01.
financial editor of Uto
Lerlyrr says:
Reports reach us front Washington that
the income Lax will be reduced from its
present rate of 5 per cent. to 3 per cent. It
us also probable that the exemption will be
increased from Et IWO to 0100. This will Is ,
some relief to the gross inequalities and
injustive perpetrated under the present
law, but is short of what is almost uin
ver
sally desired. What the great body of tax
payers want is the brushing away of the
whole thing. The ire!. Isit.,rial eh:v:l/ler
of the law is ono of its most offensive feat
ures, and being inherent in it miniot begot
rid of short of all entire repeal. The Gov
ernment is rich enough to reduce the taxes,
and the point agreed upon by the Com
mittee of Ways and ui cans, 1.1 a pre
liminary to their labors, WILY that
they shall lie reduced in the sum of
tt50,000,000 per annum—s3o,ooo,ols) from
internal taxation and $20,000,000 front ells
-I,llls. The proposed reduction is the third
!mole since lwti, the aggregate exemption
being 0ver.521,0,000,000 per annum, that is
articles that judging front previous expe
rience would have yielded that amount of
revenue have been placed on the free list.
In what direction shall the now reduction
be made? If public sentiment could be
consulted we are positive that the $30,000,000
release upon internal taxes should sweep
away the whole income tax. Wall others d
is a war tax ; opprobriously
calculated to weaken the patriotism of the
people and promotive of perjury. When,:w
has happened hundreds of times, the strug
gling salaried man, whose income cannot be
concealed, finds himself paying more tax on
income than his wealthy employer, it
teaches him a lesson which might well Lo
spread. All standard writers on political
economy eondrimn the inemno tax as de
moralizing and as a gross invasion of tine
privacies of life. We believe iu 'it,
and taxpayers who feel and abhor tho bur
den might make an impression upon Con
gress if they would address letters of re
monstrance to the members representing
them in their respective districts. This is
a very simple thing, very easily done; and
if it were done by all wino in their hearts
protest against the income tax, we believe
that a strong impression would be made
upon Congress. The members would
wake up to the fact, over which
they seem to be sleeping, that this tax is of
fensive to the great body of the people who
pay it. The law imposing such a tax should
have no friends in Congress, fur it has few
out of it, except the army of tax-gatherers,
and the fact that it has none among the
people ought to be impressed upon Con
gress. Indeed, the law has virtually and
truly expired. It lived its allotted time,
and Its iniquitous burden was borne with
all the patience that could be expected
front a people just emerged front one of
the most onerous and expensive wars that
the world ever saw. That this burden was
borne the more cheerfully because of its
promised limitation cannot bo denied; bu
to be deceived in this promise, and insult
ed by an unwarranted continuance, is too
much to bear.
The Franking Privilege
When the Franking bill again comes up
in the Senate a lively and interesting de
bate is anticipated. It is known that Mr.
Sumner contemplates making an elaborate
argument in favor of the bill which ho pro
poses as a substitute, in which he will
bring forth interesting facts and figures.—
For letters he proposes to charge ono cent
for each half ounce. A number of Senators
have indicated that If he will make it two
cents they will vote for it. It is also said
that some Senators assume that the Post
Office Department is the only Department
of the Government whose benefits aro di
rectly felt and appreciated by the people,
and that the effort should be to diffuse its
blessings as widely as possible. Mr. Sum
nor and other Senators have asserted In
conversation that they expect to live to see
the day, when free postage for all, rulers as
well as people, will prevail.