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What the Andirons Cost
" Peter," said my uncle, knocking
the ashes from his pipe, laying it on
the corner of the shelf, and then fixing
his eyes on the Andirons, " Peter,
those cost me $l,OOO !"
"Dear me!" exclaimed my aunt.
" Oh, father," cried the girls.
" Impossible," said I.
" True, every word true. $l,OOO, did
I say? yes, $2,000, full $2,000!"
Well, well," said my aunt, folding
up her knitting for the night, " Ishould
like to know what you are talking
about."
My uncle bent forward, and planting
his hands firmly on his parted knees,
and with a deliberate air showed no
doubt of his being able to prove his as
sertions, he began :
Well, you see, a good many years ago,
we had a pair of common old andirons.
Your cousin you
says one day,
" Father, don't you think these old An
diron are getting too shabby?" Shabby
or not, says. I, they would hold up the
wood as nicely as if they were made of
gold. Soon after that, Peter, continued
my uncle, "your aunt took it up —"
" There it goes," interrupted my
aunt, "you can't get along without
dragging me in."
" Your aunt took it up, Peter, and she
said, "our neighbors could afford brass
andirons, and they were no better off
than we were.'• And she said Letty
and her sister Jane werejust getting old
enough to see company, and the stingy
looking andirons might hurt their
market. I knew that women will have
their own way, and there le no use in
objecting : so I got the andirons." The
price or them was four dollars and a
half —"
"Ali, that's more like it!" cried my
aunt. "1 thought you said $2,000!"
"My deur, 1 wish you would not in
terrupt me. Four and a half. Well,
the first night after we got them, as we
all sat by the warm fire talking over the
matter, betty called my attention to the
hearth, thestones of which werecracked
and uneven. The hearth was entirely
out of keeping with the new andirons,
and I thought I might as well have it
replaced•first as last. The next day, a
mason was sent for to examine it.' He
came in my absence, and when I re•
turned home, your aunt and cousins all
beset me at once to have a marble slab,
and they put their heads together."
"La me!" exclaimed my aunt, "there
was no putting heads together about it.
The hearth was a real worn out thing,
not fit fora pig pen."
"They puetheir beads together. Peter,
as I was saying, andcoutinued - till I got
a marble hearth, which cost me twenty
dollars—yes, twenty dollars, at least.
Then I thought I was done with ex
penses, but I was wrong. Soon I began
to hear sly hints thrown out about the
brick work around the fire-place, not
corresponding with the hearth. I stood
for a month or two against your aunt
and the girls, but they at length got the
better of me, and I was forced to have
marble instead of brick. And then the
old wood mantel-piece was so out of
character that it was necessary to have
a marble one. The cost of this was
nearly $lOO. And now that the spirit
of improvement had got a start, there
was no stopping. The new mantle put
to shame the old white-washed walls,
and they must be painted, of course ;
and to prewe them for paint, sundry
repairs were necessary. While this was
going on, your aunt and the girls ap
peared to be quite satisfied ; and when
It was done, they had no idea that the
old parlor could be made to look so
spruce But this was;only ashort respite.
The fild•rag carpet began to raise a dust,
and I found there would be no peace—"
" Now, father !" exclaimed the girls.
"Till I got a new carpet. That, again,
shamed the old furniture, and it had to
be turned out and replaced with new.
Now, Peter, my lad, count up $2O for
the hearth and sl,to for the mantel-piece
and repairs. What does that make?"
"$l5O, uncle."
" Well, ;30 for paper and paint?"
" s2ou: ,
"Tbeu $3O for a carpet, and $lOO, at
least, for furniture
"$350."
"Ahem! There's that clock, too, and
the blinds--$5O more."
"$4OO, exactly." My aunt and cousins
winked at each other.*
"Now," continued my uncle, "so
much for this one room. No sooner was
the room finished, than the complaints
came from all quarters about the dining•
room and entry. Long before this I had
surrendered at their discretion, and
handed in my submission. The dining
room cost $4OO more. What does that
count, Peter ? "
"500, uncle."
"Then the chambers—at least 400, to
make them chime with the downstairs."
" 1;200..
"The outside of the house had to be
repaired and painted, of course. Add
200 for that."
"1400."
"Theo, there must be a piazza In
front; that cost 200."
" 1,000." Here aunt began to yawn,
Letty to poke the lire, and Jane to twirl
over the leaves of a book.
"A new carriage came next, Peter;
that cost $2OO.
"1,800."
"Then there was a lawn to be laid
but and neatly fenced—a servant to be
hired—parties given occasionally—bon-
nets and dresses at double the former
cost—and a hundred other little ex
peuses in keeping with the new order
or things. Yes, Peter, I was entirely
within wounds when I said $2,000."
The opposition was silent. My aunt
immediately arose and "guessed it was
bed time." I was left alone with my
uncle, who was not inclined to drop the
subject. He was a persevering man,
and never gave up what he undertook
till lie lnid done the work thorougly.
So he brolight out his books and ac•
counts, and set about making an exact
estimate ()I . : the expense. He kept me
up, till air mid-night before he got
tlarough. ;His conclusion was that the
Idais of anllirono cost him $3,450.
The Mysteries of AhLaura
The Journal of Commerce is telling of
some wonderful reminiscences of an
tiquity, wh ibh one of the officers aCCOlTl
panyiug Clem Rousseau to Alaska has
Just been unearthening there—such as
wooden helmets, masks, with diabolical
faces, made of iron and copper, with
swords, and oilier warlike implements;
of ivory, exquisitely carved. The editor
has seen these articles with his own
eyes, and hence, as if in amazement,
asks:
"WhO were this now extinct race of
ivory carvers and iron forgers? Their
kabits and tastes seem to have been
quite unlike any of the Indian tribes of
this continent. They did not build
tumuli, like the mound builders, of
whom the Indians have no traditions.
It seems probable, from all the facts
known, that the original Alaskians
came over from Northern Asia in ca
noes. There is a line of islands looking
likeetepping stones on the map, stretch
ing from Kamchatka to the extreme
southwestern point of Alaska. The old
Alaskians, like the present race, made
large and strong canoes, and were bold
navigators; and the achievement of a
passage from Asia, by way of Kamchat
ka across the Aleutian Archipelago is
possible."
Death of the President of Venezuela
Advices from Venezuela announce
the death of General Jose Tadeo Mona
gas, President of Venezuela. Gen. Mona
gas was a revolutionary leader for many
years, and was one of the most dread
ed, because the most popular among the
people of all the prominent men In his
country. The New York Times, in giv
ing a brief sketch of his life, remarks
that he fought gallantly to secure the
independence of his country, 'and then
led the first revolt against its regularly
elected Pr Went, General Paez. The
insurrection- is speedily put down, as
were also two ethers which he insti
gated. In 1846 however, he was made
President, but in 1846 set himself up as
a dictator and attacked the House of
Representatives, 'compelling his new
made friend, General Paez, to take
arms against_him. Monagas succeeded
in sustaining himself, and reigned su
preme until 1859, when he was over
thrown. Manuel Felipe de Tovas was
his successor,
having been elected Presi
dent; but in 1861 Paez was proclaimed
dictator. Marshal Falcon was elected
President in .1863, and held office until
driven therefrom by Monagas at the
head of an indurrectionary army. The
death of this ambitious leader is likely
to resnit in another revolution before a
successor IS chosen to fill- the vacant
office. •
...":.: .. '''..l):t i;all,,aot/eit,. -- .sittictitiOnee
VOLUME 69
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
Fellow.eitteens 4f, the Senate and Douse of
Acepreserdagives :
Upon the reassembling of Congress, it
again becomes my duty to call your atten•
tion to the state of the rfnion and to its con
tinued disorganized condition under the
various laws which have been passed upon
the subject of reconstruction.
It may be safely assumed, as an axiom
in the govenment of States, that the great
est wrongs inflicted upon a people are
caused by unjust and arbitrary legislation,
or by the unrelenting decrees of despotic
rulers, and that the timely revocation of in
jurious and oppressive; measures is the
greatest good that can be'conferred upon a
nation. The legislator or ruler who has the
wisdom and magnanimity to retrace his
steps, when convinced of error, will sooner
or later be rewarded with the respect and
gratitude of an intelligent and patriotic peo
ple.
Out own history—although embracing a
period less than a century—affords abund
ant proof that most, it not all of our domes
tic troubles are directly traceable to viola
tions of the organic law and excessive leg
islation. The most striking illustrations of
this fact are furniehed by the enactments of
the past three years upon the question of
reconstruction. After a fair trial, they
have substantially failed and proved per
nicious in their results, and there seems to
be no good reason why they abould longer
remain upon the statute-book. States to
which the Constitution guarantees a repub
limn form of government have been reduc
ed to military dependencies, in each of
which the people have been made subject
to the arbitrary will of the commanding
general. Although the Constitution re
, quires that each State shall be reuesented
in Congress, Virginia, Missiasippl, and
Texas are yet excluded from the two
Houses, and, contrary to the express pro
, vlsionsof that instrument, were denied par
ticipation in the recent election for a Presi
dent and Vice President of the Untied
States. The attempt to place the white pop
ulation under the domination of pe ions of
color in the South has impaired, If not de
stroyed,
the kindly relations that bad pre
viously existed between them; and mutual
distrust lies engendered a feeling of ani
mosity which, leading in some instances to
collision and bloodshed, has prevented that
co-operation between the two races so es
sential to the success of industrial enter
prises,in the Southern States. Nor have the
inhabitants of those States alone suffered
from the disturbed condition of affairs
growing rf of these Congressional enact
ments. The entire Union has been agitated
by grave apprehensions of troubles which
might again involve the peace of the nation;
its interests have been injuriously effected
by the derangement of business an 9 labor,
and-the consequent want of prosperity
throughout that portion of the country.
The Federal Constitution, the magna
charla of American rights, under whose
wise and salutary provisions we have sue•
cessfully conducted all our domestic and
loreign affairs, sustained oursolvss in peace
and in war, and become a great nation
among the Powers of the Earth—must as
suredly be now adequate to the eettiement
of questions growing out of the civil war
waged alone fur its vindication. This great
fact is made most manifest by the condition
of the country when Congress assembled
in the month of December, 1863. Civil
strife had ceased: the spirit of rebellion
bad spent its entire force; in the Southern
States the people had warmed into nation
al life, and throughout the whole country
a healthy reaction in public sentiment had
taken place. By the application of the sim
ple yet effective provisions of the Constitu
i on, the Executive Department, with the
voluntary aid of the States, had brought
the work of restoration as near completion
as was within the scope of its authority,
and the nation was encouraged by the pros
pect of an early and satisfactory adjust
ment of all its cii.fficulties. Congress, how
ever, into' veued, and refusing to perfect
the work so nearly consummated, declined
to admit members from the unrepresented
States, adopted a series of measures which
arrested the progress of restoration, frus
trated all that had been so successfully ac •
complished, and after three years of agi
tation and strife, has left the country far
ther from the attainment of union anti fra
ternal feeling than at the inception of the
Congressional plan of reconstruction. It
needs no argument to show that legislation
which has produced such baneful conse
quences should be abrogated, or else made
to conform to the genuine principles of re
publican government.
Under the influence of party passion and
sectional prejudice other acts have been
passed not warranted by the constitution.
Congress has already beau made familiar
with my views respecting the " tenure of
office bill." Experience has proved that
its repeal is demanded by the best interests
of the country, and that while it remains
in force the President cannot enjoin that
rigid accountability of public officers so es
sential to an honest and efficient execution
of the laws. Its revocation would enable
the Executive Department to exercise the
power of appointmeut and removal in ac
cordance with the original design of the
Federal Constitution.
- - - - -
The act of March 2, 1867, making appro
priations for the support of the army for
the year ending .une 30, 1868,fand forother
purl:irises, contains provisions which inter
ferei N'itti the President's constitutional
functi ns as commander-in-chief of the
army, arid deny to States of the Union the
right to protect themselves by means of
their own militia. These provisions should
be at once annulled ; for while the first
might, in times of great emergency, seri
riously embarrass the Executive in efforts
to employ and direct the common strength
of the nation for its protection and preser
vation, the other is contrary to the express
declaration of the Constitution, that "a
well regulated militia being necessary to
the security of a free State, the right of the
people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed."
It is believed that the repeal of all such
laws would bencCepted by the American
people as at least a partial return to the
fundamental principles of the Government
and an indication that hereafter the Consti
tution is to be made the nation's safe-and
unerring guide. They can be productive
of no permanent benefit Ao the country,
*mei should not be permitted to stand as so
monuments of the deficient wisdom which
1 has characterized our recent legislation.
The condition of our finances demands
the early and earnest consideration of Con
gress. Compared with the growth of our
population, the public expenditures have
reached an amount unprecedented in our
history.
The population of the United States in
1790 was nearly four millions of people.
Increasing each - decade about thirty-three
per cent., it reached iu 1800 thirty-one mil
lions—all increase of seven hundred per
cent, on the population in 1700. In 1869 it
is estimated that it will reach thirty-eight
millions, or an increase of eight hundred
and sixty-eight per cent. iu seventy-nine
years.
The annual expenditures of the Federal
Govvrnment in 1791 were four millions two
hundred thousand dollars ; in 1820, eigh
teen milion two hundred thousand dollars ;
in 1850 forty-one millions: in 1880, sixty
three millions; in 180, - „i, nearly thirteen
hundred miltinns, undid 1969 it is estimated
by the Secretary of the Treasury, in his
last annual report, that they will be three
hundred and seventy-two millions.
By comparing the public disbursements
of 1869, as estimated, with those of 1791, it
will be seen that the increase of expendi
ture since the beginning of the Govern-
merit, has been eight thousand six hum
dred and eighteen per centum, while the
increase of the popnlation for the same
period was only eight hundred and
sixty-eight per centum. Again: the ex
penses of the Government in 1860, the year
of peace immediately preceeding the war,
were only sixty-three millions; while iu
1868, the year of peace, three years after
the war, it is estimated they will be three
hundred seventy-two millions—an increase
of four hundred and eighty-nine per con
tum, while the increase of population was
only twenty-one per centum• for the same
period.
These statistics further show that in 1791
the annual national expenses, compared
with the population, were little more than
one dollar per capita, and in 1860 but two
.dollars per capita; while in 1869 they will
reach the extravagant sum of nine dollars
and seventy-eight cents per capita.
• It will be observed that all of these state
ments refer to and exhibit the disburse
merits of peace periods. It may, therefore,
be of interest to compare the expenditures
of the three war periods—the war with
Great Britain, the Mexican war, and the
war of the rebellion.
In 1814 the annual expenses incident to
the war of 1812 reached the highest amount
—about thirty-one millions; while our
population slightly exceeded eight millions,
showing an expenditure of only three dol
lars and eighty, cents per capita. In 1847
the expenditures growing out of the war
with Mexico reached fifty-five millions, and
the population about twenty-one millions,
giving only two dollars and sixty cents per
capita for the war expenses of that year.—
In 1865 the expenditures called for by the
rebellion reached the vast amount of twelve
hundred and ninety millions, which, com
pared with a population of thirty-four mil•
lions, gives thirty-eight dollars and twenty
cents per capita.
From the fourth day 'of March, 1789, to
the thirtieth of June, 1881, the entire expen
ditures of the Government were seventeen
hundred millions of dollars. During that
period we were engaged in wars with Great
Britain and Mexico, and were involved in
hostilities with powerful Indian tribes;
Louisiana was purchased from France at a
cost of fifteen, millions of dollars; Florida
was ceded to us by Spain for five millions;
California was acquired from Mexico for
fifteen millions; and the Territory of New
Mexico was obtained from Texas for the
sum of ten millions. Early in 1881 the war
of the rebellion commenced, and from the
first of July of that year to the 30th of June,
1865, the public expenditures reached the
=MEM
enormous aggregate of thirty-three hun
dred millions. Threeyears of peace ikave
intervened, and during that time the ills
bursemeuta of the Governmont have suc
cessively been five hundred and twenty
milliens, three hundred and forty-six mil
lions, amid three hundred and ninety-three
millions. Adding to these amounts three
hundred and seventy-two millions, estima
ted as necessary for the fiscal year ending
the 80th of Jane, 1889, we obtain a total
expenditure of sixteen hundred millions of
dollars during the four years immediately
succeeding the war, or nearly as much as
was expended daring the seventy-two
years that preceded the rebellion, and em
braced the extraordinary expenditures al
ready named.
These startling facts clearly illustrate the
necessity of retrenchment in all branches
of the public service. Abuses which were
tolerated during the war for the preserva
tion of the nation will not be endured by
the people, now that profound peace pre
vails. The receipts from internal revenues
and customs have, during the past three
years, gradually diminished, and the con
tinuance of useless and extravagant ex
penditures will involve us in national bank
ruptcy, or else make inevitable an increase
of taxes, already too onerous, and in many
respects obnoxious on account of their in
quisitorial character. One hundred mil
lions annually are expended for the mili
tary force, a large portion of which it em
ployed in the execution of laws both
unnecessary and unconstitutional; one
hundred and fifty millions are required
each year to pay the interest on the public
debt; an army of tax gatherers impover
ishes the nation ; and public agents, placed
by Congress beyond the control of the Ex
ecutive, divert from their legitimate pur
poses large sums of money which they col
lect from the people in -the Dame of the
Government. Judicious legislation and
prudent economy can aloneremedy defects
and avert evils which, if suffered to exist,
cannot fail to diminish confidence in the
public councils, and weaken the attachment
and respect of4he people towards their po
litical institutions. Without proper care
the small balance which it is estimated will
remain in the Treasury at the close of the
present fiscal year will not be realized, and
additional millions be added Ma debt which
is now enumerated by billions.
It is shown, by the able and comprehen
sive report of the Secretary of the Trees
ury, that the receipts for the fical year end
ing June 30, 1868, were $405,638,083, and
that the expenditures for the same period
were $377,340,284, leaving in the Treasury
it surplus of $28,297,708. It is estimated
that the receipts during the present fiscal
year ending June 30; 1860, will be $341,392,-
868, and the expenditures $336,152,470,
showing a small balance of $5,240,308 in
favor of the Government. For the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1870, It is estimated
that the receipts will amount to $327,000,-
000, and the expenditures tc $303,000,000,
leaving an estimated surplus of $24,000,000.
It becomes proper, in this connection, to
make a brief reference to our public in
debtedness, which has accumulated with
such alarming rapidity and assumed such
colossal proportions.
In 1780, when the government com
menced operations under the Federal Con
stitution, It was burdened with an indebt
edness of seventy five millions of dollars,
created during the war of the Revolution.
This amount had been reduced to forty-five
millions of dollars, when in 1812 war was
declared against Great Britain. The three
years' struggle that followed largely in
creased the national obligations, and in
1816 they had attained the sum of one hun
dred and twenty-seven millions. Wise and
economical legislatiom—however, enabled
the Government to pay the entire amount
within a period of twenty years, aird the
extinguishment of the national debt filled
the land with rejoicing. and was one of the
great events of President Jackson ad min
istration. After its redemption a large
fund remained in the Treasury, which was
deposited for safe-keeping with the several
States, on condition that it should be re
turned when required by the public wants.
In 1840—the year after the termination of
an expensive war with Mexico—we found
ourselves involved in a debt of sixty-four
millions; and'this was the amount owed
by the Government in 1860, just prior to
the outkreak of the rebellion. In the
spring or 1861 our civil war commenced.
Each year of its continuance made an enor
mous addition to the debt; and when, in
the spring of 1865, the nation successfully
emerged from the conflict, the obligations
of the Government bad reached the im
mense sum of $2,873,002,000. The Secretary
of the Treasury shows that on the Ist day
of November, 1887, this amount bed been
reduced to $2.401,501,450; but at the same
time his report exhibits an Increase during
the past year of $35,625,102 ; for the debt on
the Ist day , of November last is stated to
have been $2,527,129,552, It is estimated by
the Secretary that the returns for the past
month-will add to our liabilities the further
sum of eleven millions—making a total in
crease during thirteen months of forty-six
and a half millions.
In my message to Congress in December
4, 1865, it was suggested that a policy should
be devised which, without being oppressive
to the people, woull at once begin to effect
a reduction of the debt, and, if persisted in,
discharge it fully within a definite number
of years. The Secretary of the Treasury
forcibly recommends legislation of this
character, and justly urges that the longer
it is deferred the more difficult must be
come its accomplishment. We should fol
low the wise precedents established in 1789
and IBIG, and without further delay make
provision for the payment of our obligations
at as early a period as may be practicable.
The fruits of their labors should:be enjoyed
by our citizens, rather than used to build up
and sustain moneyed monopolies in our
Own and other lands. Our foreign debt is
already computed by the Secretary of the
Treasury at eight hundred and fifty mil
lions; citizens of foreign countries receive
interest upon a large portion of our securi
ties, and American tax-payers are made to
contribute large sums for their support.
The idea that such a debt is to become per
manent should be at all times discarded, as
involving taxation too heavy to be borne,
and payment once in every sixteen years,
at the present rate of interest, of an amount
equal to the original sum. This vast debt,
if permitted to become permanent and in
creasing, must eventually be gathered into
the hands of a few, and enable them to ex
ert a dangerous and controlling power in the
affairs of the Government. The borrowers
would become servants to the lenders—the
lenders the masters of the people. We now
pride ourselves upon having given freedom
to four millions of the colored race; it will
then be our shame that forty millions of
people, by their own toleration of usurpa
tion and profligacy, have suffered them
selves to become enslaved, and merely ex
changed slave-owners for new taskmasters
in the shape of bondholders and tax-gath
erers. Besides, permanent debts pertain to
monarchical governments, and, tending to
monopolies, perpetuities, and class legisla
tion, are totally irreconcilable with free in
stitutions. Introduced into our republican
system, they would gradually but surely
sap its foundations, eventually subvert our
governmental fabric, and erect upon its
ruins a moneyed aristocracy. It is our
sacred duty to transmit unimpaired to our ,
posterity the blessings of liberty which were
bequeathed to us by the founders of the Re
pu blic;and by our example teach those who
are to follow us carefully to avoid the den
gem which threaten a free and independent
people.
Various plans have been proposed for the
payment of the public debt. However
they may have varied as to the time and
mode in which it should be redeemed,
there seems to be a general concurrence as
to the propriety f and Justness of a reduction
in the present rate of interest. The Secre
tary of the Treasury in his report recom
mends five per cent.; Congress,
in a bill
passed prior to adjournment on the 27th of
July last, agred upon four and four and a
half per cent.; while by many three per
cent, has been held to be an amply suffi
cient return for the investment. The gen•
eral impression as to the exorbitancy of the
existing rate of interest has led to an in
quiry in the public mind respecting the
consideration which the Government has
actually received for its bonds, and the
conclusion is becoming prevalent that the
I amount which it obtained was in real
money three or four hundred per cent. less
I than the obligations which it issued in re-
I turn. It cannot be denied that we are pay
ing an extravagant per centage for the use
of the money borrowed, which was paper
currency, greatly depreciated below the
value of coin. This fact is made apparent
when we consider that bondholders receive
from the Treasury, upon each dollar they
own in Government securities, six per cent.
in gold, which is nearly or quite equal to
nine per cent. in currency; that the bonds
are then converted into capital for the na
tional banks, upon which those institutions
issue their circulation, bearing six per cent.
interest; and that they are exempt from
taxation by the:Government and the States,
and thereby enhanced two per cent. in the
hands of the holders. We thus have an
aggregate of seventeen per cent. which
may be received noon each dollar by
the owners of Government securi
ties. A system that produces such
results is justly regarded as favoring a
few at the expense of the many, and
has led to the farther inquiry whether our
bondholders, in view of the large profits
which they have enjoyed, would themselves
be averse to a settlement of our indebted
ness upon a plan which would yield them
a fair remuneration, and at the same time
be just to the tax-payers of the nation. Our
national credit should be sacredly observed;
but in making provision for our creditors
we should not forget what is due to the
masses of the people. It may be assumed
that the holders of our securities have al
ready received upon their bonds a largbr
amount than their original investment,
measured by a gold standard. Upon this
statement of fasts it would seem but just
awl equitable that the six per cent. interest
now paid by the Government should be ap•
plied to the reduction of the principal in
semi-annual instalments, whicn in sixteen
years and eight months would liquidate the
entire national debt. Six per cent. in gold
LANCASTER PA. WEDNESDAY MORNING DECEMBER 16 1868
would at present rates be equal to nine per
cent, in currency, and equivalent to the
payment of the debt one and a half time in
a fraction less than seventeen years. This,
in connection with all the other advantages
derived from their investment, would afford
to the public creditors a fair and liberal
compensation for the use of their capital,
and with this they should be satisfied. The
lessons of the past admonish the lender
that it is not well to be over anxious in ex
acting from the borrower rigid compliance
with the letter of the bond.
If provision be made for the payment of
the indebtedness of the Government in the
manner suggested, our nation will rapidly
recover its wonted prosperity. Its inter
ests require that some measure should be
taken to release the large amount of capi
tal invested in the securities of the Gov
eminent. It is not now merely unproduc
tive, but in taxation annually consumes
one hundred and fifty millions of dollars,
which would otherwise be used by our en
terprising people in adding la the wealth of
the nation. Our commerce, which at one
time successfully rivalled that of the great
maritime Powers, has rapidly diminished,
and our industrial interests are in a de
pressed and languishing condition. The
development of our inexhaustible resour
-1 ass is checked, and the fertile fields of the
1 South are becoming waste for want of
means to till them. With the release of
capital, new life would be infused into the
paralyzed energies of our people, and ac
tivity and vigor imparted to every brunch
of industry. Our people need encourage
ment in their efforts to recover from the ef
fects-of the rebellion and of injudicious
legislation ; and it should be the aim of the
Government to stimulate them by the pros.
pect of an early release from the burdens
which impede their prosperity. If we can
not take the burdens from their shoulders,
we shoald at least manifest a willingness to
help to bear them.
In referring to the condition of the circu
lating medium, I shall merely reiterate,
substantially, that portion of my last
-an
nual message which relates to that subject.
The proportion which the currency of
any country should bear to the whole value
of the annual produce circulated by its
means is a question upon which political
economists have not agreed. Nor can it be
controlled by legislation, but must be left to
the irrevocable laws which everywhere
regulate commerce and trade. The circu
lating medium will ever irresistibly flow to
those points where it is in greatest de
mand. The law of demand and supply is
as unerring as that which regulates the
tide of the ocean; and indeed currency,
like the tides, has its ebbs and flows
throughout the commercial world.
At the beginning of the rebellion the
bapk note circulation of the country
amounted to not much more than two hun
dred millions of dollars; now the circula•
lion of National Bank notes and those
known as "legal tenders" is-nearly seven
hundred millions. While it is urged by
some that this amount should be increased,
others contend that a decided reduction Is
absolutely essential to the best interests of
the country. In view of these diverse
opinions, it may be well to ascertain the
real value of our paper issues, when corn
compared with a metallic or convertible
currency. For this purpose, let us inquire
how much gold and silver could be pur
chased by the seven hundred millions of
paper money now in circulation? Proba
bly not more than halt' the amount of the
latter—showing that when our paper cur
reuce is compared with gold and silver, its
commercial value is compressed into three
hundred and fifty millions. This striking
fact makes it the obvious duty of the Gov
ernment, as early as may be consistent
with the principles of sound political econ
omy, to take such measures as will enable
the holder of its notes and those of the Na
tional Banks to convert them, without loss,
into specie, or its equivalent. A reduction
of our paper circulating mediums need not
necessarily follow. This, however, would
depend upon the law of demand and sup
ply, though it should be borne in mind that
by making legal tender and bank notes con
vertible into coin or its equivalent, their
present specie value in the hands of their
holders would be enhanced one hundred per
cent.
Legislation for the accomplishment of a
result so desirable is demanded by the high.
est public considerations. The Constitution
contemplates that the circulating medium
of the country shall be uniform in quality
and value. At the time of the formation of
that instrument, the country had just
emerged from the war of the Revolution,
and was suffering from the effects of a re
dundant and worthless paper currency.—
The sages of that period were anxious to
protect their posterity from the evils which
they themselves bad experienced. Hence,
in providing a circulating medium, they
conferred upon Congress the power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof, at
the same time prohibiting the States from
making anything but gold and silver a ten
der in payment of debts.
The anomolous condition of our currency
is in striking contrast with that which was
originally designed. Our circulation now
em braces, first, notes of the National Banks,
which are made receivable for all dues to
the Government, excluding imposts, and by
all his creditors, excepting in payment of
interest upon its bonds and the securities
themselves; second. legal-tender notes,
issued by the United States, and which the
law requires shall be received as well in
payment of all debts between citizens as of
all Government dues, excepting imposts;
and, third, gold and silver coin. By the
operation of our present system of finance,
however, the metallic currency, when col
lected, is :eserved only for one class of Gov
ernmei3t creditors, who, holding its bonds,
semi-annually receive their interest in coin
from the National Treasury. There is no
reason which will be accepted as satisfactory
by the people, why those who defend us on
the land. and protect us on the sea;
the pen
sioner upon the gratitude of the nation,
bearing thescars and wounds received while
in its service; the public servants in the
various Departments of the Government;
the farmer who supplies the soldiers of the
army and the sailors of the navy ; the artisan
who toils in the nation's workshops, or the
mechanics and laborers who build its edi
fices and construct its forts and vessels of
war—should, in payment of their just and
hard earned dues, receive depreciated paper,
while another class of their countrymen, no
more deserving, are paid in coin of gold and
silver. Equal and exact justice requires
that all the creditors of the Government
should be paid in a currency possessing.. a
uniform value. This can only be accom
plished by the restoration of the currency
to the standard established by the Consti
lotion ; and by this means we would re
' move a discrimination which may, it it has
! not already done so, create a prejudice that
may become deep- rooted and wide-spread,
and imperil the national credit.
The feasibility of making our currency
correspond with the constitutional stand
ard may be seen by reference to a few facts
derived from our commercial statistics.
The aggregate product of precious metals
in the United States from 1849 to 1867
amounted to $1,174,000,000, while, for the
same period, the net exports of specie were
$741,000,000. This shows an excess of pro
duct over net exports of $433,000,000. There
are in the Treasury $103,407,985 in coin ; in
circulation in the States on the Pacific coast
about $40,000,000, and a few millions in the
National and other Banks—in all less than
$160,000,000. Taking into consideration the
specie:in the country prior to 1849, and that
produced since 1867, and we have more than
3300,000,000 not accounted for by exporta
tion or by the returns of the T,easury, and
therefore most probably remaining in the
country.
These are important facts, and show how
completely the inferior currency will super
sede the better, forcinc it from circulation
among the masses, and causing it to be ex
ported as a mere article of trade, to add to
the money capital of foreign lands. They
show the necessity of retiring our paper
money, that the return of gold and silver to
the avenues of trade may be invited, and a
demand created which will cause the re•
fraition at home of at least so much of the
productions of our rich and inexhaustible
gold bearing fields as may be suffi
cient for purposes of circulation. It is un
reasonable to expect a return to a sound
currency so long as the Government and
banks by continuing to issue irredeemable
notes, fill the channels of circulation with
depreciated paper. Notwithstanding a
coinage by our mints, since 1849, of eight
hundred and seventy-four millions of
dollars, the people are now strangers to the
currency which was designed for their use
and benefit, and specimens of the precious
metals bearing the national device are sel
dom seen, except when produced to gratify
the interest excited by their novelty. If
depreciated paper is to be continued as the
permanent currency of the country,:and all
Our coin is to become a mere article of
traffic and speculation, to the enhancement
in price of all that is Indispensable to the
comfort of the people, it would be wise
economy to abolish our mints, thus saving
the nation the care and expense incident to
such establishments and let all our precious
metals be exported in bullion. The time
has come, however,
when the Government
and National Banks should be required to
take the most efficient steps and make all
necessary arrangements for a resumption
of specie payments. Let specie payments
once be earnestly inaugurated by the Gov
ernment and banks, and the value of the
paper circulation would directly approxi
mate a specie standard.
Specie payments having been resumed
by the Government and banks, all notes or
bills of paper issued by either of a less de-
nomination than twenty dollars should by
law be excluded from circulation, so, that
the people may have the benefit and con
venience of a gold and silver currency
which in all their business transactions
will be uniform in value at home and
abroad.
" Every man of property or industry,
every man who desires to preserve what he
honestly possesses, or to maintain what he
can honestly earn, has a direct interest in
maintaining a safe circulating medium—
such a medium as shall be real and sub
stantial not liable to vibrate with opinions,
not subject to be blown up or blown down
by the breath of speculation, bat to be
stable and secure. A disordered cur
rency is one of the greatest political evils.
It undermines the virtues necessary fertile
support of the social system, and encour
ages propensities destructive of its happi
ness; it warsagainst industry, frugality and
economy, and it fosters the evil spirits of ex
travagance and speculation." It has been
asserted by one of our profound and most
gifted statesmen, that "of all the con
trivances for cheating the laboring classes
of mankind, none has been more effectual
than that which deludes them with paper
money. This is the most effectual of irf
ventions to fertilize the rich man's fields 63 ,
the sweat of the poor man's brow. Ordi-
I nary tyranny, oppression, excessive taxa
tion—these bear lightly on the happiness
of the mass of the community compared
' with a fraudulent currency, and the robbe
ries committed by depreciated paper. Our
own history has recorded for our instruc
tion enough, and more than enough of the
demoralizing tendency, the injustice, and
the intolerable oppression on the sinuous
and well-disposed of a degraded paper cur
rency authorized by law or in any way
countenanced by Government. It is one
of the most successful devices, in times
of peace or war, of expansions or revul.
sinus, to accomplish the transfer of alt the
precious metals from the great mass of the
people into the hands of the few, where
they are hoarded in secret places or deposi
ted under bolts and bars, while the people
are left to endure all the inconvenience,
sacrifice and demoralization resulting from
the use of depreciated and worthless paper.
The Secretary of the Interior, in his re
port, gives valuable information in refer
enc., to the interests confided to the super
vision of his Department, and reviews the
operations of the Land Office, Pension Of
fice, Patent Office, and the Indian Bureau.
During the fiscal year ending June 30,
1868, six million six hundred and fifty five
thousand seven hundred acres of public
land were disposed of. The entire cash re
ceipts of the General Land Office for the
same period were $1,632,745, being greater
by $084,883 than the amount realized from
the same sources during the previous year.
The entries under the homestead law cover
two millions three hundred and twenty-
eight thousand nine hundred and twenty
three acres, nearly one-fourth of which was
taken under the act of June 21, 1866, which
applies only to the States of Alabama, Mis
sissippi, Louisiana, and Florida.
Ou the 30th of June, 1868, one hundred
and sixty-nine thousand six hundred and
forty-three nameswere borne on the pension
rolls, and during the year ending on that
day the total amount paid for pensions,
including the expenses of disbursement,
werels24,olo,9B2,being $5,391,0r25 greater than
that expended for like purposes during the
preceding year.
During the year ending the 30th of Sep
tember last, the expenses of the Patent Of
ficeexceeded the receipts by one blinded and
seventy-one dollars; and, including reis
sues and designs, fourteen thousand one
hundred and fifty-three patents were issued.
Treaties with various Indian tribes have
been concluded, and will be submitted tothe
Senate for its constitutional action. 1 cordi
ally sanction the stipulations which provide
fur reserving lands for the various tribes,
where they may be encouraged to abandon
their nomadic habits and engage in agricul
tural and industrial pursuits. This policy,
inaugurated many years since, hasluet with
signal success; whenever it has been pur
sued in good faith and with becoming liber
ality by the United States. The necessity
for extending it as far as practicable in our
relations with the aboriginal population is
greater now than at any preceding period.
Whilst we furnish subsistence and instruc
tion to the Indians, and guarantee the un
disturbed enjoyment of their treaty-rights,
we should habitually insist upon the faith•
ful observance of their:agreement to remain
within their respective reservations. This
is the only mode by which collision with
other tribes and with the whites can be
avoided, and the safety of our frontier set
tlements secured.
The companies constructing the railway
from Omaha to Sacramento have been moat
energetically engaged
_in prosecuting the
work, and it is believed that the line will
be completed before the expiration of the
next fiscal year. The six per cent. Iva .1.
issued to these companies amounted, on tue
sth inst., to $44,337,000, and additioni.l xork
bad been performed to the extent of i;t3,200,-
000.
The Secretary of the Interior in August
last invited my attention to the report of a
Government director of the Union Pacific
Railroad Company, who had been specially
instructed to examine the location, con
struction and equipment of their road. I
submitted for the opinion of the Attorney
General certain questions in regard to the
authority of the Executive which arose
upon this report, and those which bad
from time to time been presented by the
commissioners appointed to inspect each
successive section of the work. After care
fully considering the law of the case, he
affirmed the right of the Executive to or
der, if necessary, a thorough revision of the
entire road. Commissioners were there
upon appointed to examine this and other
lines, and have recently submitted a state
ment of their investigations, of which the
report of the Secretary of the Interior fur
nishes specific information.
The report of the Secretary of War con
tains information of interest and impor
tance respecting the several Bureaus of the
War Department and the operations of the
army. The strength of our military force,
on the 30th of September last, was forty
eight
thousand men, and it is computed
that, by the first of January next, this
number will be decreased to forty three
thousand. It is the opinion of the Secre
tary of War that within the next year a
considerable diminution of the infantry
force may be made without detriment to
the interests of the country; and in view
of the great expense attending the military
peace establishment, and the absolute ne
cessity of retrenchment wherever it can be
applied, it is hoped that Congress will sanc
tion the reduction which his report recom
mends. While in 1860 sixteen thousand
three hundred men cost the nation $16,472,-
000, the suns of $65,682,000 is estimated as
necessary for the support of the army dur
ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1870. The
estimates of the War Department for the
lest two fiscal years were, for 1867, $33,814,-
461, and for 1868, $25,205,669. The actual
expenditures during the same periods were
respectively, $95,224,415 and 5123,246,048.
The estimate submitted in December last
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1869, was
$77,124,707 ; the expenditures for the first
quarter, ending the 30th of September last,
were $27,219,117, and the Secretary of the
Treasury gives $66,000,000 as the amount
which will probably be required during the
remaining three quarters, if there should
be no reduction of the army—making its
aggregate cost for the year considerably in
excess of ninety•three millions. The dif
ference between the estimates and expen
ditures for the three fiscal years which
have been namee is thus shown to be $175,
545,343 for this single branch of the public
service.
The report of the Secretary of the Navy
exhibits the operations of that Department
and of the navy during the year. A consid
erable reduction of the force has been effect
ed. There are forty-two vessels, carrying
four hundred and eleven guns, in the six
squadrons which are established in different
parts of the world. Three of these vessels
are returning to the United States and four
are used as storeships, leaving the actual
-ruising force thirty-five vessels, carrying
three hundred and fifty-six guns. The
total number of vessels in the navy is two
hundred and six, mounting seventeen
hundred and forty-three guns. Eighty-one
vessels of every descripton are in use,
armed with six hundred and ninety-six
guns. The number of enlisted men in the
service, including apprentices,has been
reduced to eight thousand five hundred.
An increase of navy yard facilities is re
commended as a measure which will, in the
event of war, be promotive of economy and
security.
A more thorough and systematic survey
of the North Pacific Ocean is advised in
view of our recent requisitions, our expand
ing commerce, and the increasing inter
course between the Pacific States and Asia.
The naval pension fund, which consists of
a moiety of the avails of prizes captured
during the war, amounts to $14,000,000. Ex
ception is taken to the act of 23d July last,
which reduces the interest on the fund loan
ed to the Government by the Secretary, as
trustee, to three per cent. instead of six per
cent., which was originally stipulated when
the investment was made. An amendment
of the pension laws is suggested to remedy
omissions and defects in existing enact
ments. The expenditures of the Depart
ment during the last fiscal year were $20,-
120,394, and the estimates for the coming
year amount to $20,993,414.
The Postmaster General's Report furnish
es a full and clear exhibit of the operations
and condition of the postal service. The
ordinary poStal revenue for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1868, was $16,292,600, and
the total expenditures, embracing all the
service for which special appropriations
have been made by Congress, amounted to
$22,730,582, showing an excess of expendi
tures of $6,437,691, Deducting from the
expenditures the sum of $1,896,625, the
amount of appropriations for ocean steam
ship and other special service, the excess
of expenditures was $5,541,486. By using
an unexpended balance in the Treasury of
$3,800,000, the actual sum for which a spe
cial appropriation is required to meet the
deficiency is $741,486. The causes which
produced this large excess of expenditure
over revenue were the restoration of sex ,
vice in the late insurgent States, and the
putting into operation of new service estab
lished by acts of Congress, which amounted
within the last two years and a half, to
about 48,700 miles—equal to more than one
third of the whole amount of the service at
the close of the war. New postal conven
tions with Great Britian, North Germany,
Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and
Italy, respectively, have been carried into
effect. Under their provisions important
improvements have resulted in reduced
rates of international postage, and en
larged mail facilities with European coun-
fries. Vas coat of the United States trans-
Atlantic ocean mail service since January
290868, has been largely lessened under
the operation of these new conventions, a
reduction of over one-half having been ef•
fected under the new arrangements for ocean
mail steamship service which went into
effect, on that date. The attention of Con•
gress is invited to the practical suggestions
and recommendations made in his report
by the Postmaster General.
No important question has occurred dur
ing the last year in our accustomed cordial
and friendly intercourse with Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Honduras, San Salvador,
France, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland,
Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark,
Sweden and Norway, Rome, Greece, Tur
key, Persia, India, Egypt, Liberia, Moroc
co, Tripoli, Tunis, Muscat, Siam, Borneo,
and Madagascar.
Cordial relations have also been main
tained with the Argentine and the Oriental
Republics. The expressed wish of Con
gress that our national good offices might
be tendered to those Republics, and also to
Brazil and Paraguay, for bringing to an
end the calamitous war which has so long
been raging in the valley of the La Plata,
has been assiduously complied with, and
kindly acknowledged by all the belliger
ents. That important negotiation, however,
has thus far been without result.
Charles A. Washburne, late United States
Minister to Paraguay, having resigned, and
being desirous to return to the United
States, the Rear Admiral commanding the
SouthAtlantlcSquadron was early directed
to send a ship-of-war to Asuncion, the
capital of Paraguay, to receive Mr. Wash
burne and his family, and remove them
from a situation which was represented to
be endangered by faction and foreign war.
The Brazilian commander of the allied
invading forces refused permission to the
" Wasp" to pass through the blockading
forces, and that vessel returned to its ac
customed anchorage. Remonstrance hav
ing been made against this refusal it was
promptly overruled, and the " Wasp"
therefore resumed her errand, received Mr.
Washburne and family, and conveyed
them to a safe and convenient seaport. In
the meantime an excited controversy had
arisen between the President of Paraguay
end the late United States Minister, which
it is understood grew out of his proceedings
in giving asylum in the United States lega
tion to alleged enemies of that Republic.
The question of the right to give asylum is
one always difficult, and often productive
of great embarrassment. In States well
organized and established, foreign Powers
refuse to concede or exercise that
right, except as to persons:actually belong
ing to the diplomatic service. On the other
hand, all such Powers insist upon exercis
ing the right of asylum in States where the
law of nations Is not fully acknowledged,
respected, and obeyed.
The President of Paraguay is understood
to have opposed to !Mr. Washburne's pro
ceedings the injurious and very improbable
charge of personal complicity in insurrec
tion and treason. The correspondence,
however, has not yet reached the United
States.
Mr. Washburne, in connection with this
controversy, represents that two United
States citizens attached to the legation were
arbitrarily seized at his side, when leaving
the capital of Paraguay, committed to
prison, and there subjected - to torture for the
purpose of procuring confessions of their
own criminality, and testimony to support
the President's allegations against the
United States Minister. Mr. McMahon, the
newly appointed Minister to Paraguay,
having reached the La Plata, has been in
structed to proceed, without delay, to Asun
cion, there to investigate the whole subject.
The Rear Admiral commanding the United
States South Allende Squadron has been
directed to attend the new Minister with a
proper naval force to sustain such just de
mends as the occasion may require, and to
vindicate the rights of the United States
citizens referred to, and of any others who
may be exposed to danger in the theatre of
war. With these exceptions friendly rela
tions have been maintained between the
United States and Brazil and Paraguay.
Our relations during the peat year with
Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Chili, have be
come especially friendly and cordial. Spain
and the Republics of Peru, Bolivia, and
Ecuador have expressed their willingness
to accept the mediation of the United States
for terminating the war upon the South Pa
cific coast. Chile has not finally declared
upon the question. In the meantime the
conflict has practically exhausted itselt,
since no belligerent or hostile movement
has been made by either party during the
last two years, and there are no indications
of a present purpose to resume hostilities
on either side. Great Britain and France
have cordially seconded our proposition of
mediation, and I do not forgo the hope that
it may soon be accepted by all the belliger
ents, and lead to a secure establishment of
peace and friendly relations between the
Spanish American Republics of the Pacific
and Spells—a result which would be attend
ed with common benefits to the belliger
ents and much advantage to all commercial
nations. I communicate, for the consider
ation of Congress, a correspondence which
shows that the Bolivian Republic has es
tablished the extremely liberal principle of
receiving into its citizenship any citizen of
the United States, or of any other of the
American Republics, upon the simple con•
dition of volunteer registry.
The correspondence herewith submitted
will be found painfully replete with ac
counts of the ruin and wretchedness
produced by recent earthquakes, of un
paralelled, severity, in the Republics of
Porn, Ecuador, and Bolivia. The diplo
matic agents and naval officers of the
United States who were present in
those countries at the time, of those disas
ters furnished all the relief in their power
to the sufferers, and were promptly re
warded with grateful and touchingacknow
ledgments by the Congress of Peru. An
appeal to the charity of our fellow-citizens
has been answered by much liberality. In
this connection I submit an appeal which
has been made by the Swiss Republic,
whose Government and institutions are
kindred to our own, in behalf of its Inhabit
ants, who are suffering extreme destitution
produced by recent devastating inunda
tions.
Our relations with Mexico during the
year have been marked by an increasing
growth of mutual confidence. The Mexi
can Government has not yet acted upon the
tbree treaties celebrated here last summer
for establishing the rights of naturalized
citizens upon a liberal and just basis, for
regulating consular powers, and for t e ad
justment of mutual claims.
All:commercial nations, as we as
friend., of republican institutions, have oc
casion to regret the frequent local disturb
ances which occur in some of the constitu
ent Staten of Columbia Nothing has oc
curred, however, to affect the harmony and
cordial friendship which have for several
years existed between that youthful and
vigorous Republic and our own.
Negotiations are pending with a view to
the survey and construction of a ship canal
across the Isthmus of Darien, under the
auspices of the United States. I hope to be
able to submit the results of that negotia
tion to the Senate during its present ses
sion.
The very liberal treaty which was enter
ed into last year by the United States and
Nicaragua has been ratified by the latter
Republic.
Costa Rica, with the earnestness of a sin
cerely friendly neighbor, solicits a recipro
city of trade, which I commend to the con
sideration of Congress.
The convention created by treaty between
the United States and Venezuela in July,
1.865, for the mutual adjustment or claims,
has been held, and its decisions have been
received at the Department of State, The
heretofore recognized Government of the
United States of Venezuela has been sub
verted. A Provisional Government having
been instituted under circumstances which
promise durability, it has been formally
recognized.
I have been reluctantly obliged to ask
explanation and satisfaction t for national
injuries committed by the President of
Hayti. The political and social condition
of the Republics of Hayti and St. Domingo
is very unsatisfactory and painful. The
abolition of slavery, which has been carried
into effect throughout the island of St.
Domingo and the entire West Indies, ex
cept the Spanish islands of Cuba and Porto
Rico, has been followed by a profound pop
ular conviction of the rightfulness of repub
lican institutions, and an intense desire to
secure them. The attempt, however, to es
tablish republics there encounters many
obstacles, most of which may be supposed
to result from long-indulged habits of
colonial supineness and dependence upon
European monarchical Powers. While the
United States have, on all occasions, pro
fessed a decided unwillingness that any
part of this continent or of its adjacent
islands shall be made a theatre for
a new establishment of monarchical
power, too little ham been done by us, on
the other hand, to attach the communitees
by which we are surrounded to our own
country, or to lend even a moral support
to the efforts they are so resolutely and
constantly making to secure republican
institutions for themselves. It is indeed a
question of grave consideration whether
our recent and present example is not cal
culated to check the growth and expansion
of free principles,
and makes these com
munities distrust, if not dread, a Govern
, went .which at will consigns to military
1 domination States that are integral parts of
1 our Federal Union, and, while ready to re
sist any attempts by other nations to extend
to this hemisphere the monarchial institu
tions of Europe, assumes to establish over
a large portion of its people a rule more
absolute, harsh, and tyrannical than any
known to civilized Powers.
The acquisitional' Alaska was made with
the view of extending national jurisdiction
and republican principles in the American
hemisphere. Believing that a furtharittep
could be taken in the same direction. I last
year entered into a treaty with the King of
Denmark for the purchase of the islands of
St. Thomas and St. John, on the best terms
then attainable, and with the express con
sent of the people of those islands. This
treaty still remains under consideration in
the Senate. A new convention has been
entered into with Denmark, enlarging the
time fixed for final ratification of the origi
nal treaty.
Comprehensive national policy would
seem to sanction the aqquisition and incor
poration into the Federal Union of the
several adjacent continental and insular
communities as speedily , as it can be done
peacefully, lawfully, and without any vio
lation of national justice, faith, or honor.
Foreign possession or control of those com
munities has hitherto hindered the growth
and impaired the influence of the United
States. Chronic revolution and anarchy
there would be equally injurious. Each one
of them, when firmly established as an in
dependent republic, or when incorporated
into the United States, would be a new
source of strength and power. Conforming
my administration to these principles, I
have cn no occasion lent support or tolera
tion to unlawful expeditions set on loot
upon the plea of republican propagandism,
or of national extension or aggrandizement.
The necessity, however, of repressing such
unlawful movements clearly indicates the
duty which rests upon us of adapting our
legislative action to the new circumstances
of a decline of European monarchial power
and influence, and the increase of Ameri
can republican ideas, interests and sympa
thies.
It cannot be long before it will become
necessary for this Government to lend some
effective aid to the solutions of the political
and social problems which are continually
kept before the world by the two republics
of the islands of St. Domingo, and which are
now disclosing themselves more distinctly
than heretofore in the island of Cuba. The
subject is commended to your considera
tion with all the more earnestness because
I am satisfied that the time has arrived
when even so direst a - proceeding as a prop
osition for an annexation of the two repub
lics of the island of St. Domingo would not
only receive the consent of the people inter
ested, but would also give satisfaction to
all other foreign nation..
I am aware that upon the . question of
further extending our possessions it is
prehended by some that our political
tern cannot succe-sfully be applied titan
area more extended tban our continent;
but the conviction is rapidly gaining
ground in the American mind that, with
the increased facilities for interpominunica
tion between all portions of the earth, the
principles of free government, as embraced
in our Constitution, if faithfully maintained
and carried out, would prove of sufficient
strength and breadth to comprehend with
in their sphere and influence the civilized
nations of the whole world.
The attention of the Senate and of Con
gress is again respectfully invited to the
treaty for the establishment of commercial
reciprocity with the Hawaiian Kingdom,
entered into last year, and already ratified
by that Government. The attitude of the
United States towards these islands is not
very different from that In which they stand
towards the West Indies. It is known and
felt by the Hawaiian Government and peo
ple that their Government and institutions
are feeble and precarious; that the United
States, being so near a neighbor, would be
unwilling to see the ish...nds pass under for
eign control. Their prosperity is continu
ally disturbed by eniectutions and alarms
of unfriendly political proceedings, as well
from the United States as from other foreign
powers. A reciprocity treaty, while it could
not materially diminish the revenues of the
United States, would be a guaranty of the
good will and forbearance of all nations un
t 1 the people of the islands shall of them
selves, at no distant day, voluntarily apply
for admission to the Union.
The Emperor of Russia has acceded to
the treaty negotiated here in January last
for the security of trades marks in the inter
est of manufacturers and commerce. I have
invited his attention to the importance of
establishing, now while it seems easy and
practicable, a fair and equal regulation of
the vast fisheries belonging to the two na
Lions in the waters of the North Pacific
ocean.
The two treaties between the • United
States and Italy for the regulation ofconsu
lar powers and the extradition ofcriminals,
negotiated and ratified here during the last
session of Congress, have been accepted and
confirmed by the Italian Government. A
liberal consular convention which has been
negotiated with Belgium wilt be submitted
to the Senate. The very important treaties
which were negotiated between the United
States and North Germany and Bavaria,
for the regulation of the rights of naturalized
citizens, have been duly ratified and
exchanged, and similar treaties have been
entered into with the Kingdoms of Belgium
and Wurtemburg, and with the Grand
Duchies of Badeu and Hesse-Darmstadt.
I hope soon to be able to submit equally
satisfactory conventions of the same char
acter now in the course of negotiation with
the respective Governments of Spain, Italy,
and the Ottoman Empire.
Examination of claims against the United
States by the Hudson's Bay Company and
the Puget's Sound Agricultural Company,
on account of certain possessory rights iu
the State of Oregon and Territory of Wash
ington, alleged by those companies in vir
tue of provisions of the treaty between the
United States and Great Britain of June
15, 1846, has been diligently prosecuted,
under the direction of the joint interna
tional commission to which they were sub
mitted for adjudication by treaty between
the two Governments of July Ist, 1863, and
will, it is expected, be concluded at an
early day.
No practical regulation concerning colo
nial trade and the fisheries can be accom
plished by treaty between the United States
and Great Britain until Congress shall have
expressed their judgment concerning the
principles Involved. Three other questions
however, between the United States and
Great Britain remain open for adjustment.
These are the mutual rights of naturalized
citizens, the boundary question involving
the title to the island of San Juan, on the
Pacific coast, and mutual claims arising
since the year 1853 of the citizens and sub
jects of the two countries for injuries and
depredations committed under the authori
ty of their respective Governments. Nego
tiations upon these subjects are pending,
and I em not without hope of being able to
lay before the Senate, for Its consideration
during the-present session, protocols calcu
lated to bring to an end these justly-excit
ing and long-existing controversies.
We are not advised of the action of the
Chinese Government upon the liberal and
auspicious treaty which was recently cele
brated with its plenipotentiaries at this cap
ital.
Japan remains a theatre of civil war,
marked by religious rncidents and political
severities peculiar to that long• isolated em
pire. The Executive has hitherto main
tained strict neutrality among the bellige
rents, and acknowledges with pleasure that
it has been frankly and fully sustained in
that course by the enlightened concurrence
and co-operation of the other treaty Pow
ers, namely : Great Britain, France, the
Netherlands, North Germany and Italy.
Spain having recently undergone a revo-
lution marked by extraordinary unanimity
and preservation of order, the Provisional
Government established at Madrid has
been recognized, and the friendly inter
course which has so long happily existed
between the two countries remains un•
changed.
I renew the recommendation contained
in my communication to Congress dated
the 18th July last—a copy of whicu accom
panies this message—that the judgment of
the people should be taken on the propriety
of so amending the Federal Constitution
that It shall provide—
let. For en election of President and Vice
President by a direct vote of the people, in
stead of through the agency of electors, and
making them ineligible for re-election to a
second term.
20. For a distinct designation of the per
son who shall discharge the duties of Presi
dent, in the event of a vacancy in that office
by. the death, resignation, or removal of
both the President and Vice President.
3rd. For the election of Senators o f the
United States directly by the people of the
several States, instead of by the Legisla
tures; and
4th. For the limitation to a period of
years of the terms of Federal judges.
Profoundly improved with the propriety
of making these important modifications in
the Constitution, I respectfully submit them
for the early and mature consideration of
Congress. We should as far as possible re
move all pretext for violations of the or
ganic law, by remedying such imperfec
tions as time and experience may develop,
ever remembering that "the Constitution
which at any time exists, until changed by
an explicit and authentic act of the whole
people, is sacredly obligatory upon all."
In the performance of a duty imposed
upon me by the Constitution, I have thus
communicated to Congress information of
the state of the Union, and recommended
for their consideration such measures as
have seemed to me necessary and expedi
ent. If carried into effect, they will hasten
the accomplishment of the great and bene
ficent purposes for which the Constitution
was ordained, and which it comprehensive
ly states were "to forma more perfect Union
establish justice, insurejlomestic tranquil
ity, proilde for the common defence, pro
mote the general welfare, and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our
posterity." In Congress are invested all
legislative powers, and upon them devolves
the responsibility as well for training un
wise and excessive laws, as for neglecting
to devise and adopt measures absolutely
demanded by the wants of the country.
Let us earnestly hope that before the expi
ration of our respective terms of service,
now rapidly drawing to a close, an all-wise
Providence will so guide our counsels as to
strengthen and preserve the Federal Union,
inspire reverence for the Constitution, re
store prosperity and happiness to our whole
peoplejand promote "on earth peace, good
will toward men."
ANDREW JOHNSON.
WAsamcvrow, Deo. 9, 1868.
Twenty.five of the female clerks in the
Treasury Department at Washington were
dismissed on Monday, and further dismis
sals are intended.
NUMBER 50
Report of the Comptroller of the Cur
The Comptroller of the Currency, in his
annual report to the Secretary of the Trea
sury, show that there are 1,629 national
banks in active operation, with a circula
tion within a fraction up to the legal limit of
three hundred millions. Twelve national
banks have been organized since the last
annual report, 11 ve of which are new associa
tions. Fourteen national battks have failed
to redeem their circulating notes and were
put into the hands of receivers. The loans
and discounts made by the national bank
ing associations amount to $3,351,004,663.
The Comptroller recommends several re
forms in the national banks. Ono is an
amendment to the act creating these SSSO
ciations, authorizing the Comptroller to
call upon the banks for live detailed state
ments or reports during each year. fixing
upon some day that is past for the date of
the report. He argues that the day speci
tied quarterly for the reports being known
In advance, the banks prepare for them
by a process of operations which do not
present their actual working condition
And here he takes occasion to condemn
the banks for lending themselves to com
binations and speculations for affecting the
money market, and particularly tile pr ac
tire of the New York Banks in issuing cer
tified checks to Wall street operators. He
remarks—" Taking the cull loans anti the
certified checks together. the somewhat
startling fact is developed that the New
York national banks furnish (daily) seventy
million dollars of capital anti our hundred
and twelve million dollars of credit ior
speculation." lie urges the establishment
of a central redeeming agency, by !neat. it
which the national bank notes shall be re
deemed and made convertible into the law
ful money of the country, whether it be
paper or gold, at the principal centre , of
trade. To prevent panics and speculators
locking up the currency and to supply a
sufficient and equable circulating medium
he recommends that. the Treasury of the
United States shall hold in reserve a certain
amount of legal tender notes in excess of
the amount in regular circulation, its a
source of relief, and to be let out In times
of stringency, something in the sane wily
that the British Chancellor of the Exchequer
authorises at times the Bank of England to
issue more notes than is strictly prescribed
by its charter. Of course the Com pthiller
urges,a return of specie payments, but dues
DOE UM us when this can be brought about,
and prudently Intimates that we must be
careful what steps are taken to that end.
He favors tree banking as soon as the re
strictions imposed upon the issue of circu
lating notes by national banks may be
safely removed. He concludes by saying
that with regard to the currency and bank
ing the business public of the United States
is the only competent judge.
I he War Department Report
Secretary Schofield, In his annual report,
says the strength of the army on Septum
bet- 30 was 48,001, which by January will
be reduced by expiration of term of service'
alone to about 43,000. No recruiting, is in
operation except cavalry service. All vol
unteer officers except one have been mils
teied oui oraerviee. At the suggestion of
General Sherman, authority was given on I
October 6 for the muster in of one regiment
of volunteer cavalry from Kansas, whose
service is not expected to exceed six
months, for service against the Indians, it
may, the Secretary says, be reasonably ex
pected that n considerable reduction of the
army may be made within the next year.
He recommends such reduction be au
thorized
by law to be made gradually '
by ordinary casualties, by discharge of
incompetent officers and by consolida
tion of regiments. The Secretary also re
commends that the four regiments of veter
an reserves be disbanded, officers unlit for
service to be retired and others to be trans
ferred to active regiments. The teeth of'!
enlistment ought to be increased to 5 years.
The disbursements of the pay del= tment
during the last fiscal year amount to $30,-
000,000. The disbursements for reconstruc
lion have been $2,500,000. Bounty claims I
to the extent of $25,000 000 have been pad. I
It is estimated that $65,602,300.85 Will bo
required for the War Departmen the next
fiscal year. Estimated deficiencies for the
current year are, however, $13,975.000. In
speaking of the Indian war, Secretory
Schofield says it is proved beyond ulspute
that it was begun by the Indians without
any provocation whatever. Its object is
supposed to be the abandonment of the
Smoky Hill route, which are the best hunt
ing grounds in America. and the Secretary
endorses General Sherman's remedy to se
cure peace—namely, coercion. The rest of
the War report is an unimportant review of
the military districts, which has been an
ticipated by the publication of the reports of
the district commanders.
Report of the Secretary of the Navy
Mr. Welles communication a lentfthy re
port, from which it appears that the total
number of vessels borne upon the rolls (d*
the navy is 206, carrying 1.743 guns. Their
present location and employment are point
ed out. The European Squadron, consist
ing of the Franklin (flagship), 39 guns; Ti
conderoga, 9 guns ; Swatarn, 10 guns ; Fro
lic, 5, guns, and Guard (rtoreship), 3 guns,
has been under command of Admiral Far
ragueuntil his recent return to New York.
Rear Admiral Radford has been designated I
to take command. A history of its cruises '
for the last year is given. The Asiatic
Squadron, composed of nine vessels, carry
ing 82 guns, was under the command of
Rear Admiral Bell up to the date of his
drowning, January 11, 1868, since which
time it has been in command of Rear Ail
miral Rowan. This squadron has been
cruising principally in Chinese and Jap
anese waters. The North Atlantic Squad
ron, commanded by Rear Admiral Pal
mer to the date of his death, Decem
ber 7, 1867, is now in charge of Roar Admi
ral Hold, and is composed of six vessels,
carrying 51 guns. It has been actively out
played in the Gulf of Mexico and among
the West Indies. The South Atlantic
Squadron, under command of Rear Ad
miral Davis, is composed of live vessels,
carrying 49 guns; two of the vessels, how
ever, have been ordered home. The cruis
ing ground of the squadron is the east coast
of South America, the Southern Ocean, and
the west coast of Africa. Rear Admiral
Thatcher commanded t,..e North Pacific
Squadron until August 6, when it was
transferred to Rear Admiral Craven. It
consists of eight vessels, carrying 9 guns.
Most of the time or the squadron has been
occupied in protecting our interests off the
coast of Mexico and Central American ,
States as far south us the isthmus. The ,
South Pacific Squadron, under command of
Rear Admiral Turner, who succeeded Rear
Admiral Dahlgreen, comprises six ships
and 47 guns. Its principal cruising ground
has been the west coast of South America,
though our interests around Australia and
the adjacent islands are under its guardian
ship. Several valuable vessels or the Pa
cific squadrons have been lost by reason of
the frequent earthquakes.
The attention of Congress is again culled
to the imperfect facilities possessed by ot.r
navy-yards to meet the demand for war
vessels occasioned by au emergency such
as a war with any foreign power.
The reforms indicated by recent acts of
Congress have been brought about as fares
practicable in these yards. The Naval
Academy grounds have been enlarged.
Under the charge of Vice Admiral Porter
the utility of the institution is ,ully attested.
It turned out 79 graduates during the last
year, received 49 new students, and has now
286 on its rolls. The apprentice system is
highly spoken of, and the decrease in the
number of enlistments for this pupae ren
dered necessary by retrenchment lowa is
deprecated. Attention is called to the
growing necessity fur additional surveys of
the Pacific waters.
Under acts of Congress but two of the
iron-clads have been disposed of, the Ca
tawba and Oneota, tor 8755,000. The Secre
tary is of the opinion that they should all
be sold, as their keeping involves expense,
and they may be rendered useless by cor
rosion before they are again needed. In
vestigations instituted by the Government
to secure a perfect title to the League Island
purchase have been nearly completed, and
ajdeed will soon pass to the Government.
The names of 2,726 persons are on the
navy pension rolls who received from the
Government during the year 0347.031.19.
The present pension fund is $14,000,000.
There has been an expenditure on account
of the Department during the year of 820,-
120,304.62. The resources for the current
year are:
Balance in Treasury,— ............. 51.,345,360 07-
Appropriation account, Jane /7, 'GS 17,3 /A1,a50 Ou
Total S 3 /,701,71u
Nstimate expenditure forthe year ending
June 30, 1870, $20,993,414.59. The Sehretary
elosesihls report with a brief review of the
stormy period he has held office, and the
arduous labors It imposed upon his depatt•
meat.
Report of the Commissioner of Internal
r1=1:02
It will be seen by the report of the Com
missioner of l,nternal Revenue, that in the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, the sum of
one hundred and ninety one million dol
lars was collected from internal revenue,
the expense of collecting which was five
per cent. The heavy items in this account
are the taxes paid on the indulgence of pop
ular appetite. The amount received, for
instance, from the tax on chewing and
smoking tobacco was, in round numbers,
fifteen millions of dollars. All the railroads
paid together less than seven millions, the
Insurance companies less than two millions,
and the telegraph and express companies
not a million between them, so that chew
ing and smoking tobacco—our small vices,
as the are called—are really " bigger
things" In the Commissioner's report than
all the railroads, telegraphs or express and
insurance companies in the United States
taken together. The number of cigars
taxed was six hundred millions. The tax
on'distilled spirits and brandy netted four
teen millions, and other liquors run the
total of the figure on stimulants to fully
twenty millions. It is estimated by the
Commissioner that the income from Inter
nal revenue for the next fiscal year will
RATE OF. ADVERTISING
InfiNT.BB ADVERTIMMENTI, $l2 a year per
quart, or ten lines; $0 per year for each ad
ditional vinare.
REAL EBTATZ ADVICELTIBING, 10 Offiltli . llm e far
the first, and 5 splits for each en bsequisit In
sertion.
GILWERAL ADVERTISING 7 cents a Me for the
firs!, and 4 cents for each subsequent loser-
Uon.
SPECIAL NOTICES Inserte \
Vn Local Column
15 cents peullne.
Bermai. NOTICES preceding marriages and
deaths, 10 cents per line for nret insertion (
and 6 cents for ovary subsequent insertlonl
LEGAL AND oMis a rforicse—
Executors'
Administrator.' 2.60
Asaignees' notices,---.---....—. 2.50
Auditors n0tice5,........._......200
Other "Notices,' ten lines, or less,
three times 1.50'
reach one hundred and forty.five million
dollars. Some important recommendations
are made in the report—among them one
urging the erection of this portion of the
Treasury Department into a department by
itself.
Report or the Postmaster General
The annual report of PostmssterGeneral
Randall is interesting, although the leading
filets have been anticipated. The ordinary
revenue far the year ending June 30,
slightly exceeded sixteen and a quarter
millions of dollars, white the expenditures
amounted to nearly twenty-two find three
quarter millions, thus leaving a deflcleney
of over six mllih ns. Congressional appro
priations, however, reduce these figures to
a deficency of not quite three quarters of a
million of dollars. if It even does not do
away with the admitted fact that the ex
penses of the Postutllee Department are
about one dollar and forty cents to every
dollar received. Mr. Randall does not be
lieve that the postal service should he made
self-sustaining for fifty veers to route. lie
estimates that ten yearg- hencethe expenses
will be forty millions and the receipts only
thirty millions, but he expresses the faith
that when the country is fully developed
there will be no delicieneles for Congress
to supply. On the past year's business of
the Department, the recommendattions and
suggestions, the report is quite full and In
teresting.
Report of the Secretary of the Interior
The report on the whole will be admitted
to be satisfactory. It appears that 6,603,-
71250 acres of public lands have been dis
posed of, thus leaving still in the hands of
the Government 1,4115,36.670 acres. Otto
Revolutiaua•y soldier is still living. Dur
ing the last fiseal year there wait paid to ili
tvlfid soldiers and dependent rela
tives the sum of $23 115.0 593 and to navy
invalids the NMI. Or $:152,383. That part of
be report whu•lt refers to the Paeltle rail
road will lie found at once Interesting and
instructive. It has already cost a largo
sum .if money to the tuition, but the result
trill be eue of the triumphs of the age. To
cued States marshals has been paid /1,-
337,n t.: anti to dtstrie•t attorneys, assistant's,
ate., and United States Viiitilillei.9lol.lol,l the
aggregate• amount of $1,700,177. The See•
retary dreads a deficit unless the Slues ho
increased. uh,ing part of the report,
which treats of residences for the President
and Vice President and the heads of the
executive departments, Will be read by all
with interest, by some with approval and
by others with doubt.
Xtooflaud'o Orrman itters.
LI OUFLA IND'S G ERTL urrrEits,
1100FLAND'S GERMAN TONIC
The Great Remldles for all Diseases of the
3.1% . STOM A CII, OR DIU ESTIVgt;
11001 , 1,A N IrS ERNI AN BITTERs
Elie pure Jui cum (ur, . [tiny are
medicinally [trilled,l Extruct.) of Rome,
lien Us and Barks, 1,1 Mg a propara-
I ion, highly cnneen [rated, and entirely JYee
from alcoletilte rubrat,kture of tiny kind.
HOOFLA ND'H (JERMAN TONIC,
Ix a combination of all tile IngredionUf of
11111ers. willi Iba pureed qualify of Morels
(t, Rims, ()range, &c., making ono of tile
f (Jost nleamint and agree,dne remedlex ever
offered to !he public.
Thoffe preb•rrlng a Medicine free from Alco
belle admixture, will use
1 - 100FLAND'ci GERMAN 11117 E RS
Thome who have au older, lull In Lae colabl
nation ~1 the Hitters, as minted, will me
HOOFLAND'S GERMAN TONIC.
They are butlt equally good, and contain the
sawn medicinal vlrl.uem, tile elluleu between
tile twO a terra matter ot tante, the Tonle
helm; the must palatable.
The ..breach, I min at variety of mum., much
tu+lumligt atluu , Dympopmtit, Nervoris Debility,
etc., Is very apt po have Ile function,. deranged.
Tha Liver, ...yin!. \ Dazing am clomoly Iw
I t eI. wit h L oil 4,1 ouch , then be
comem affected, tilt result ol which In that 1.110
patient. nutters Irmo several or mare of Lilo fol.
owing dimeamem
Countlptalon, Flatulence, I nwara Ft ,
ne..x of Blood to the Ilea I, Acidity of We.
8101111.11, Nall.ll, Heartburn, Dia4ust
near nurn, Ding L
for Food, ' , Aloe,. of Weigh In the
Stomach; Sour Erna:tallow:l,
sinking or Fluttering at
the Lit of the Stoinseh
SWlnonlng of the
Head, I I urged or
Inllhmlt Weal h.
;log, Fluttering al,
the Heart, Choltlxig of:
Suffocating Hennations
When In +1 Lying Pstore, Don
neon of Vinton, DOW or Webs be
fore the Sight, hull Pala In thin Head,
MINCEIG=IZMOMIEMMIM
the hkin and Eyes ' Bain lit the Hide, (lack,
Chest, Limits, etc., Sudden Flushes of htmla,
Burning in the Flesh, Cont.:it Imaginings
of Evil, and Great Depression of !spirits.
The sufferer from these diseases should ex
ercise the greatest caution In the selection ore
remedy for his cuse, ptirchoting 4411; that
winch he Is assured trout his in vestige-
LIONS land Inquiries ki possesses true merit,
is skilfully compounded, is tree from Injurious
Ingredients, anti has established for Itaelf
to Ullitin (Or Ble cure of liar.. dIHNUteli. In
tills COM...CM/11 we WUUId eu Until those
Well-
IFuown remedies—
HOOFLAND'S GERMAN BITTERS
HOOFLAND'S GERMAN TONIC
PREPARED BY Dr. C. M. JACKSON,
Twenty-two yearn deco they were first in
trot, d Into this country bout lieru.ny, dor
log which time they have undoubtedly per
(op iced more cures, /Mit beuelltted culturing
hu Mall I ty to a greater extent, time auy other
remedies known to the public.
These remedies will ettbctually cure Liver
Coruplamt,J.oliallee, Dymbepnla, I broulc
or Nervous Dint rho. U Disease of tile Kid
neys, anti Illseasem arising from Disor•
dertd Liver. Mionutch or Intestines.
DEBILITY,
ResnWog from any Cause whatever
PIOLI,TRATIoN OV THE SYSTEM,
Induced by S were labor, Hard
■hllls, Lzposure, Fevers, &c.
There is no medicine extant equal to them
remedies in such cases. A tone arid vigor
Imparted to Lite whole system, the appetite
Is mtreugiliened, food Is enjoyed, the stomach
digests promptly, the blood In purified, the
COM, plexlou becomes mound and heartily, the
yellow tinge Is eradicated from the eyes, a
bloom Is given to Ilie cheeks, and the weal.
and nervous invalid becomes a strong and
healthy being.
PER:iII:NS ADVANCED IN LIFE,
Aud (sew'', the hand of time weighing hesvl
ly upon them, with all Ito
bud ill the use el this 1111 Tlift:3, or the TON lc,
an elixer that will Instil hew life into their
veins, restore In a moasure the energy and
ardor 01 more youthful days, build up their
shrunken lorms, and hive health and happi
ness to their remaining years,
NOTICE.
It In a well-established lent that rally one
ltall of the qtronie portion or our popalatlolt
e neltlont the en L J oy meat or Jowl
health; or, hi ace their own ex presmittin
"never feel well." They are languid, devoid
of all energy, extremely 11er,31.18,/tri haven()
appetite.
- To thin clauttor penman the 11177E11,3, or the
TONIC, In ehpectully recommended.
WEAK AND DELICATE CHILDREN,
Are made strong by the use of either of the , e
remedies. They will cure every cane of MAU -
ASMUs Without fall.
TMm-auds of certificates have accumulated
In the hands of the proiwiet , r, but space Will
al Ow of the putilleallon of but few. Those, it
will he ottser Cii,are men of note and Ut suca
standlng that they mnsl be believed.
T EsTimos IA LS.
HON. OEO. W. VOAJDWARD
Chief Juaact of the upr eq. CI., of Po., r I te,
Philadelphia, NI arctl 1,3117.
"1 ttnd ' Hont liernmn Bittern' la a 10X , . I
Coale, Inddal I u din-A elt.nex of the dlgentl vi.
li t
organm, and of great ln c~wen id
le6i Illy, and want of Lervoum action In tie
gynlent. Yours, Only,
(.4F.0. W. WOODV7ARD.'i
Judge of the /Supreme rt Cbu Of ewrvrcinia.
PhiLacle(agea, April 1808
"I consider lioutland's German 131Lte , s '
valuable medicine in case of aLtaului of 'Lunges.
Lion or Dyspepsia. I can certify this from my
experience of it, Yours, with respect,
JAMXB ILIOMPSON."
Fablt Hey. JOSEPH H. K.ENNAII.D.• D. I'
'tutor of the 'I enth Haptut °lurch, Philadelphia
Dr. Jackson—Dear Sir: I have been irequent
ly requested tocoo nect my name with recom
mendations of different kinds of medicines,
but regarding the practice as out of my appro
priate sphere, I have In all cases declined; but
with a clear proof In M various instances
and particularly In 11 my own family, of
the useluluens of Dr. tiooflaud's German Bile
ters, I depart for once from my usual course,
to express my full conviction that, /or general
debiltly of the system, and especkalji for Liver
Conipmint, d tan sale and two/indite preparalion.
In some cases it may fall; but tu+nally,l doubt
not, it will be very ifenenclal to those who suJ.
for from the above causes,
Yours, very respectfully,
J. H. KENNARD
Eighth, below Coutes St.
FROM Itsv. E. D. FENDALL.
- - _
Assistant Editor Christian CArontcle, Philade/phia
I have derived decided benefit from the use
of HooWand's (fern an Bitters, and feel It nay
privilege to recommend them as a most valtm
bm tonic, to all who are suffering from general
debility or from diseasesarising tromderange
ment of the liver. boars truly,
E. D.
E
.
CAUTION
Hoofland's German Remedies are counter.
J fe A n C ed leriO s ti is
dteot the
D aignittn:3 of C. M.
wrapper of each hot..
tie. All others are counterfeit.
Principal Office and Manufactory at the Ger
man Medicine store, N0..031 ARCH Street
Philadelphia Pa.
(,HARLEM M. EVANS, Proprietor,
Formerly C. M. Jecxsort a Co.
PRICES
Hootland'a Gorman Bitters, per bottle $l.OO
• half dozen 5.00
Hoolland's German Tonic, put up in quart, but
Gee, 51.50 per bottle, or a half eozu.,,for 57.50.
sar Do not lorgettoozamine well the article
you buy, in or ,r to get the genuine.
For sale by LP. 'eta and Dealers In Medi.
nines •,very w
an 71
QuEEN OF ENGE.ARD SOAP.
QULEN OF E %OLAND BOA.P.
• QU PIN OF ENW.n - n SOAP
For doing a lamilv wash•na In the beat and
cheapest manner. Oua anteed equal to any In
the world I Rae all the strength of old mein
.oap with the mild and latherl qualitlea of
genuine Castile. Try this splen ddosp. Bold
by the ALDEN CHEMIOAL WO 4allorth
FrOnt tree% Philadelphia. iiepl
EMZE!=I