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iaiiiiiiiMi
Wittclianumo.
The Ocean and Some of Its Products.
The ocean bed Is supposed to be as di-
Versified as the solid earth, and maps
have been prepared exhibiting the
character of the submerged land at dif
ferent localities. The most thorough
soundings have been those made in the
Atlantic ocean, which show it to be a
long trough or gush extending probably
from pole to pole. The division corn.
monly made between the different
oceans is a purely imaginary ono, as
they are ill fact ono large body of water,
different portions of which aro known
by different names. The regular awel
ling and sinking of this vast fluid mass,
called the tide, Is caused by tile com
bined influence of the sun and moon,
and is supposed to originate in the
southern polar seas and thence to roll
around the globe. The attraction of the
moon le threefold theta the sun, owing
to its greater proximity to the earth
and the ocean is so constantly and
strongly drawn to the point over which
that satellite stands as to rise toward it,
forming an accumulation of water,
while, at the same time, a sort of sec
ondary swelling takes place on the op
posite side of the globe. The interme
diate points are left at differen t stages of
low tide, according to their distance
from the watery elevations. Although
the sun exercises an Influence far less
potent than that of the moon; it still
produces a visible effect upon the
waters and modifies their 'movement.
When the sun and moon stand directly
in a line, the combined attraction of the
two raises the tidal wave to the greatest
possible height, and causes the spring
tide, which occurs every full and new
moon ; while when they stand at right
angles to each other, the effect is parti•
ally counteracted, and the result is a
low tide. •As the moon 'waft' on, the
tidal wave follows her, always aboutl
three hours in the rear, flooding the
different shores ash rolls by, and rising
to a greater or less height according to
the varying character of the coasts und
other controlling circumstances. In the
South Sea Wanda the tides scarcely
reach theheightof twenty inches, while
the highest tide known, wh I ch occurs to
the Bay of Fundy, attains forty, fifty,
and even sixty feet. The ocean covers
more than seven•tentlis of the surface
of the globe, and contains a much larger
number of living creatures than can be
found on dry land. The minute beings,
visible only with the microscope, which
exist in its waters are alone sufficient
to form the subject of a separate science.
Lowest In the rank of animal life stands
the sponge, a creature which has been
known from antiquity, and whose na
ture has always been a subject of dis
pute. For HOMO time it was classed by
naturalists among vegetable produc
tions, and only receutly has it been as
signed a place in the animal kingdom.
It is undecided even yet whether each
sponge is a single individual, or u con
gregation of minute creatures living to
gether hi a community like that of the
coral polypi. Thu most important
sponge fieherles are those in the Grecian
Archipelago and on the shores of Syria,
although the commodity Is also ob
tained from the lied Sea, the Gulf of
Mexico, and to some extent along the
whole Mediterranean coast. Thesponge
has become so valuable as an article of
commerce, that the fisheries have been
nearly exhausted in order to supply the
demand; and unless artificial cultiva
tion is resorted to, it Is probable that the
sponge wilisoon entirely disappear. The
poorer qualities are found la shallow
water and torn from the rocks by means
of three•forked harpoons ; but the finer
kinds, which grow at a depth of from
twelve to twenty hahoms, and brought
up by the divers, and have to be care
fully detached from the rock by means
of at knife. Closely allied to the sponges
are the corals, %chose rank In the order
of creation was for a lung lime equally
undetermined. The plan t!like appear
-
mice of the majority of corals caused'
them to be classed among vegetables;'
and Peyssonnel, the lirst to discover I
their animal nature, was met with such '
indifference and irony, that he became
discouraged and retired to the Antilles,
where he spent the remainder of Ills
life as a naval surgeon. Subsequently
the naturalists who hail opposed his
the ,cry became convinced of its truth,
and introduced it into established
science, Coral Wild to be a stony
structure compened of the caleareouscel is
of Innumerable little creatures called I
polypi, whose abodes formed a compact 1 1
inass, and whose shells, when the living
animal within died, became a foundation I
for the homes or their successors. The
polypi increase by budding, the young
creatures springing from the sides of the
order animals, and there remaining fix
ed
to grow and harden. Although the
angle animals are exceedingly minute,
they increase in such immense numbers
that they soon fill a large space, and
numerous islands have been formed by
the slow and constant upward growth ,
of the coral until it ilas reached the sur•
face. Then the consta4 action of the
waves breaks off large portions of the
manes from one place to pile It upon au
other,and brings drift wood to be detain-
ed by theobstacle and make a foundation
for the solid earth which finally accu•
mutates. As It is impossible for the
coral animals to exist iu very deep
water, it was at first difficult to account
for their rearing islands from the bot
tom of the ocean. The first supposition
was, that they built around the craters
of extinct volcanoes; but the latest
theory advocated by Mr. Darvin, at
tributes the fact to the gradual subsi
dence of the bed of the ocean in certain
localities. According to this supposi
tion, the corals most begin their struc
ture at a time when the ground upon
which they build Is sufficiently near
the surface to suit the necessities of their
existence. Gradually the slow growth
of the coral keeping pace with the
equally slow alteration in the bed of
the ocean, the dead portions of the
mass sink, leaving the coral always in
a favorable condition. When the inun
dation becomes stationary, the little
creatures finally attain the surface
and cease their labors. The coral
fisheries are situated chiefly in the Me
diterranean, where the red coral, which
is considered the most valuable, grows
In great banks. An engine, its it call
ed, composed of tv,o bars of wood and a
network of lines, is let down over a
coral bank from the side of a vessel,
and dragged along the bottom of the sea
until it catches in the rocks upon which
the coral grows. It is then raised by a
violent exertion on the part of the crew,
tearing up blocks of stone together with
the coral, which is collected and cleansed
before it is handed over to the jewel
ler. Pearls are the third great pro•
duct of the ocean for which regular fish
eries have been established, the most
important being those iu the Bay of Ben
gal, Ceylon, and other parts of the Indian
ocean. Here the pearl oyster is procured
by divers, who sink to the bottom with
the aid of large stones, and remain there
for about 30 seconds gathering all the
shells within reach. The work is ex
ceedingly severe, and the men are fre
quently devoured by sharks. The search
for pearls always ends at noon, when a
gun Is fired, and all the boats return to
the shore, in order that the load my be
examined and cared for by daylight.
The shell-fish are piled together, and
the heap is left for about ten days, by
which time the remains becomeentirely
decomposed. The shells are then easily
opened,
the round pearls, which are
found in the body of the oyster,
are collected, and the valves of the
oysters, which furnish nacre or
mother-of-pearl are cleansed and sold
by the cask.' The pearls are sifted
to separate the different sizes ; the
smaller ones are sold by weight and the
others singly, according to their value.
The nacre and the pearl are formed of
essentially the same material, but the
nacre is deposited over the whole shell
In layers, while the pearl Is the result
of an effort on the part of the oyster to
free itself from the irritation of some
foreign substance which has penetrated
within its valves. As the animal is in
capable of ejecting any intruder, such
as an unwelcome grain of sand, it ren
ders it less obnoxious by depositing
around it the smooth and lustrous sub
stance which is so eagerly sought for by
man: The Chinese are so well acquaint
ed with this fact, that they force the
oyster to form pearls, by thrustingemall
figures of tin between the valves, and
then returning the creature to the water
whence it is finished up In the courstiOf
a few. years, and a pearl extroated . M- ,
tattling the shape of the tln: TherO to
butMle kind or oyster. which possesses
thelOowet of Prodticliklearls to any
cOrislderahle extent, although they can
Micadipualt be 'found In Other :speofee.
of Oka* and even In mussels.
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A. J. STILTNDIAPi
VOLUME 69
American Saigon In Italy.
Bayard Taylor writing to the New
York Tribune, gives the following ac
count of American Sculptors in Italy:
I first came upon the track of onr
artiste in Venice, where I found Mr.
Yewell making an admirable copy of a
very lovely Madonna of Padovanino,
and Mr. Loop similarly employedhefore
the noble Santa Barbara of Palma Vec
chio. I only saw the first of these works
completed. The coloring of the original
was reproduced with great truth and
purity of tone, and the picture shone
like a star among the plentiful crudites
of the Italian copyists, who arc equally
deficient In color and form. These
latter, however, seem to paint simply as
a business; but the marvel still remains
—whither go those never-ending cari
catures? Wise buysthem? Whathappy
Ignorance rejoices in their pdlisession ?
I have tin Idea that some of them find
their way to America!
I looked upon the canvasses of two
men who were painting before Titian's
"Assumption." Verily, a sight of them
would have been a draught of poison to
the old master. The glorious coloring
of the Venetian school was not only
wanting, with Its harmonies striking
the sense like grand chords of music,
but the copyists had somehow man
aged to suggest discord, Instead. These
are probably the pictures bought up by
dealers at 40 or 00 francs apiece, and
they are painted in a manner to corres
pond with the price. Here, in Florence,
an altar-piece of Fm Angelico Is con
stantly surrounded, three or four paint
ing at a time. Fra Angelico's angelic
musicians are fashionable just now, and
there is a thriving trade lu brilliant
copies, on a gold ground. They are not
bad, ther—the originals being fiat, and
chiefly painted with unmixed pigments.
I recognized no'American artist copy
ing in the Floreritine galleries, except
Miss Lee of Philadelphia, who has since
goneto Rome, where ourpainters mostly
congregate. I was about to say that we
are represented only by sculptors in
Florence, but must not forget the ex
ception made by Miss Alexander, who
takes up the art which her father seems
to have relinquished. I had the pleas
ure of examining a large collection of
exquisite pen-drawings made by this
lady—studies from nature, portraits, and
Illustrative sketches—alishowing an eye
of rarest keenness for seizing form and
character. The artists who have seen
these drawings are delighted with them.
Holman Hunt, especially, was quite
unreserved in 1118 praise. I have seen
but one picture by Miss Alexander—a
peasant.glrl of the Apennines—but it
was enough to show a genuine feeling
fur color, in addition to her other fine
qualitles , as an artist.
Six American sculptors have taken up
their residence in Florence—Power,
Ball, Hurt, Mead, Connelly, and Jack
son. Powers, in fact, has becomea part
of Florence to every American traveler.
When I entered the well-known base
ment halls in the Via de' Serragli,
breathing once again the old atmosphere
of marble dust, hearing the delicate
click of a dozen hammers and chisels on
growing busts or statues, and seeing
around me the plaster records of 30
years of; steady labor, it seemed but a
day, instead of 11 years, that I had been
away. In the inner sanctuary, Powers,
In his cap and apron, was working with
the same earnest absorption in his face
as when I left him In 1850. His hair is
thinner, his beard grayer, since then,
but his hand Is just as firm, his eye as
wonderfully luminous, and there Is no
trace of age in nuy of his works.
Since he first came to Florence, in
1838, Powers has made fully five hun
dred portrait busts, beside a number of
Ideal works, all of which have been re
peated. The bust of Progdrpine, for In
stance, enjoys such a remarkable popu
larity, that It has been reproduced in
marble more than eighty times I The
Greek Slave exists in six repetitions,
the California in four, and I think there
Is none of Powers' works which stands
alone, except, perhaps, tha Penserosa.
Of the sculptor's place and fame, I need
say nothing. They have been fairly
settled by this time; the judgment of
:10 yearn is generally equivalent to that
of "all time." No artist before Powers
ever overcame to such an extent the re
sistance of the material in which he
works. Marble, in his hands, becomes
as plastic as clay. His execution is so
entirely admirable, that It is much
easier to say what Ills works are than
what they are not. His Ideal works, in
addition to their anatomical truth, are
characterized by grace and sweetness,
and the absence of all attempts-at start.
ling effect must be counted as an unusu
al In this generation of art. I find
no echoes of former masters In his works
Powers is now employed upon a
statute, to which he has not yet given
a name. It might be called "The Last
of the Race." A tall, beautiful Indian
woman is represented as In the act of
running, but with a weariness of body
and limb which indicates that the end
of her llightis near. Her head is turned
to one side, as if listening to the sound
of pursuit. The face expresses both
fear and pain, not sharp and desperate,
but dulled by the knowledge of an in
evitable fate. The figure is not only
very beautiful, but it fully expresses the
sculptor's intention. It promises to be
the very best of his statues. He has
modeled it in plaster, by his new
method, which 1 had never before seen
In actual practice. Its advantage over
clay, especially in figures which express
motion, is very marked.
Powers's studio comprises five or six
halls, in which a dozen skilled work
men are constantly employed. The cast
aids busts and statues, and the repeti
tions in marble which are being wrought
out, form a tolerably complete gallery
of his labors as a sculptor, and many a
less earnest man would here be satisfied
to pause and rest. The sculptor, how
ever, has one of those fortunate natures
which are only happy in creative ac
tivity ; and he will work while he lives,
which, let us hope, will be for many a
year to come.
Mr. Ball has been In Florence about
three years. In addition to busts, for
which our American people seem to
have the same passion as the Romans
of the Imperial time, he has two im•
portant works in his studio, one com
pleted and one still in the clay. The
former records Lincoln's decree of
Emancipation in a simple yet express
ive manner. The President, *holding
the shield of the Union in his right
hand, extends his left over the figureof
a kneeling negro, from whose wrists the
broken chains have just fallen. His
head is slightly bent, and his eyes are
cast downward, which, nevertheless,
does not in the least lessen the force of
the portrait. It is one of the very few
heads of Lincoln I have seen which
gives the beautiful, sad benignity of his
face, as in life. I should object to the
word "Liberty" on the negro's Phry
gian cap, as being unnecessary, and I
am not certain that the introduction of
the shield, though correctasan emblem,
does not detract from the telling sim
plicity of the group. The head and fig
ure of Lincoln, however, are very nobly
and successfully done.
The other work is a figure of Eve, just
awakened to life from the hands of her
Creator. Her attitude is original and
strikingly graceful, the body slightly
bent forward and resting on the right
foot. The head, lifted, Is turned to the
same side, with an expression of ,inno
cent wonder, in which there is a trace
ofjoyons sensation. One hand plays,
abstractedly, with her long, rippling
tresses, held there simply by the feeling
of their soft abundance. It is a pity
that the conventional stump (rendered i •
necessary to bear up the weight of the
marble) cannot be spared from this
figure. Its pose is light, aerial, glad
some; one sees the mature, perfect
mother of men, taking Masan incred
ible gift. She is not the tragic Eve of
the Fall; but on the other hand she
never could be mistaken fora nymph or
a bacchante. Her nudity is inseparable
from purity. This beautiful work will
add greatly to Mr. Ball's reputation.
Mr. Hart's residence in Florence, in
cluding his temporary sojourns in Eng
land and America, dates trona 18 years
back. He is best known at home by his
statue of Henry Clay, which has been
erected both in Kentucky and New Or
leans. He has been employed, for two
years past, •in modeling a group repro.
renting Woman, as she is in our day,
not to be stricken by every random Cu
.pid, but herself holding and containing
the full might of love. She, has taken
the laet 'arrow from- the. quiver of the
little Amoret at her side, and holds it
archly above he head. - The pose of the
figure is very good, and the masses of
the form ((t is notyetdeveloped further)
broadly and harmoniously indicated.
The Cupid saves . the introduction of a
stump or pillar, whereby the grotip ac
quires a freer, simpler air. Mr. Hart is
Such a patient artist, so little hasty to
see his conceptions oompleted in marble,
that I fearsome time will yet elapse be
fore this work earth° given to the world
His ingenious machine—which might
be oalled aoompound system of callipers
—for taking two or three hundred meas
urements of head at the same time,
is a great , saving Of labor to the sculptor,
in cases where - he must work rapidly.
A tolerable likeness may be blocked out
by it in a very short space of time. It
cannot, however, succeed the intellec
tual labor of sculpture, any more than
the photograph can supersede painting.
Expression,reduced tone final elements,
may be simply material form, but it
cannot be caught by merely mechanical
agencies. The same remark will apply
to what is called photo-sculpture. The
technical term of the artists—Vesting "
—expresses that tine and subtle repre
sentation of character which comes from
a spirit not to be measured or maculated,
working from the artist's heart and
brain through his hand. This spirit
will always elude machinery.
Mr. Mead has a large studio, or series
of studios, and employs eight or ten
men. For so young a sculptor, he has
been very fortunato,in making himself
a name and receiving the commissions
which follow thereupon. 'The most im
portant work he has on handle a figure
of America, for a soldiers' monumentin
Vermont. It is a proud, defiant Titan
ess, with the eagle at her feet and a
sword in her hand. The profile of the
face is superb, though it belongs to the
Southern rather than to the Northern
ordei of beauty. The shoulders are
thrown back, the bosom slightly ad
vanced, and the whole figure thus ac
quires an air of power, of majesty, of
fearless independence, which is truly
imposing. It seems to me that the dis
position of the drapery does not quite
bear out this character; but I ought
not, perhaps, to criticise a work which
is not yet f ul l y completed.
Mr. Mead nas a group of a Union sol
dier telling the story of battle and suf
fering to his little daughter. The head
of the former Is particularly good. Two
statuettes of Echo and the Mountain-
Boy show a more ideal tendency, which
rises to mysticism in a figure called
"Mystery holding the Lamp of Life."
Here he has passed out of the proper
province of sculpture Into that of poetry.
The temptation to do so isgreat, because
there is always a class of admirers for
works of this kind, which may be
as beautiful in form as mistaken in con
ception. The imaginative element in a
sculptor is severely restrained by the
character of his art ; but in every branch
of art, allegory is dangerous ground. I
confess I like Mr. Mead's soldier best.
He has undoubted genius, and evidently
great facility in giving form to his ideas,
which ought not to make difficult to
him the stern conscientious study that
leads to the highest success.
Mr. Connelly was a young painter of
great promise, whom Mr. Powers's en
gagement turned to sculpture, and he
se already, atthe age of 20, distinguish
ed himself in the latter art. He Inherits
much of the antique sense of grace and
symmetry. In looking at his works I
felt the presence of the great andjoyous
activity. My chief fear, In his case as
in Mr. Mead's, is that he may be temp
ted to work too rapidly. I see, also, the
same tendency to trespass on poetic
ground, "The Silver Cord and the Gold- '
en Bowl" cannot be made evident in
sculpture withdut a good many words
of explanation. But he hasan exquisite
figure of Arethusa, and a group (not yet
finished) of two Spartan warriors, which
has most admirable points. In portrai
ture, especially of ladles, he is also very
successful.
There is, evidently, a great deal of
"Greek fire" in Mr. Connelly. I no
ticed, however, but one specimen of re
semblance—that of the Venus of Milo
in his " Diana." But it is a like spirit,
working in modern ideas and concep
tions. I n losing the mythological world,
sculpture lost tenfold more than the
other arts. The beautiful Nude is not
found In our life, scarcely in the figures
of our religion. Perhaps the tendency
to representabstractimaginative fancies
comes from this. But the sculptor
should always remember that he has
least liberty. He cannot throw a fleet
ing idea into a pen-drawing a lyric or
a sonnet. Humor ,
except in its subtlest
and archest form,
is excluded from his
realm. His draperies must speak, equal
ly with the trunk and limbs; the very
accessories of his figures assume a new
solemnity, as a cup transferred from the
banquet•table to the altar.
I have been greatly delighted with
my visits to the five studios. (Mr. Jack
son is at present in America). So much
more is being accomplished than ten
years ago, and the most of it is so ex
cellent, that I feel sure our American
era of Art has already dawned ,
An Authenticated Story or the' Super
A late French paper published the
following, and vouches for Its truthful
ness:
A young German lady recently ar
rived, with a party of friends, at one of
-the most renowned hotels in Paris, and
occupied an apartment on the first floor,
furnished with unusual magnificence.
Here she lay awake, long after the hotel
was wrapped in slumber, contemplat
ing, by the faint glimmer of her night
lamp, the costly ornaments of the room,
until suddenly the folding-doors op
posite her bed, which she had secured,
flew open, and the chamber was fill
ed with a bright light as of day. In
the midst of this, there entered a
handsome younc man, in the un
dress uniform of the French navy.
Taking a chair from the bedside, he
placed in the middle of the room, sat
down, took from his pocket a pistol with
a remarkable red butt and lock, put it
to his forehead, and, firing, fell back,
apparently dead ! Simultaneously with
the explosion, the room became dark
and still, but a low soft voice uttered
these words—" Say a word for his soul."
The young lady had fallen back, not in
sensible, but in a far more painful state
—a kind of cataleptic trance, and thus
remained fully conscious of all that she
imagined to have occurred, but unable
to move tongue or hand, until 7 o'clock
on the following morning, at which
hour her maid, in obedience to orders,
knocked at the door.
Finding no reply was given, the maid
went away, and returning at 8, in com
pany with another domestic, repeated
her summons. Still no answer, and
again, after a little consultation, the
poor young lady was delivered over for
another hour to her agonized thoughts.
At nine the doors were forced, and, at
the same moment, the power of speech
and movement returned. She shrieked
out to the attendants that a man had
shot himself there a few hours before,
and still lay upon the floor. Observing
nothing unusual, they concluded
it was the excitement consequent
upon some terrible dream. She was
therefore, placed in another apart
ment, and with great difficulty per
suaded that the scene she had so min
utely described had no foundation in
reality. Half an hour later, the hotel
proprietor desired an interview with a
gentleman of the party, and declared
that the scene so strangely enacted had
actually occurred three nights before.
A young French officer had ordered the
best room in the hotel, and there ter
minated his life,—using for the purpose
a pistol answering the description men
tioned. The body and the pistol still
lay at the dead-house for Identification,
and the gentleman, proceeding thither,
saw both ; the head of the unfortunate
man exhibiting the wound in the fore
head, as in thi,vision.
A Deserved Eulogy.
Mr. Johnson All deserves that just
and beautiful eulogium :pronounced
upon him by Governor Seymour, of
New York :
"I have no political prejudices in
favor of Mr. Johnson. I have never seen
him, and he is not one I helped to Voce
in office, nor have I ever advised him
or been counselled by him as to his
policy. I said he had been cheated and
betrayed by those about him who plotted
his destruction from the outset, but
while he -has been unhappy in his
friends, no man has ever been so for
tunate in his enemies. They have
given him .a high place in history, as
one who suffered for the rights of the
American people, and when he shall
go to his final account and his friends
seek to say in clear titles and lasting
terms, that he was a man who loved
his country, and was bated by the
corrupt and treasonable, they have only
to chisel upon hie tombstone that he
was impeached by this House of Repre
sentatives and condemned by this
Senate."
LANCASTER PA. WEDNESDAY MORNING MAY 6 1868
An Old Story
Many years ago a celebrated Italian
artist was walking along the street of
his native city, perplexed and despon
ding in consequence of some irritating
circumstance or misfortune, when he
beheld a little boy of such surprising
and surpassing beauty that he forgot
his own trouble and gloom in looking
upon the almost angel face before him.
I 'That fade I must have," said the
artist, " for my studio. Will you come
to my room and sit for a picture, my
little man?
The little boy was glad to go and see
the pictures and pencils and curiosities
la the artist's room; and he was still
more pleased when hemp what seemed
to be another boy looking just like him
smiling from the artist's canvas.
The artist took great pleasure in look
ing at that sweet face, When he was
troubled, or Irritated, or perplexed, be
lifted his eyes to that lovely image on
the wall, and its beautiful features and
expression calmed his heart and made
him happy again. Many a visitor to
'his studio wished to purchase that lovely
face ; but, though poor, and often want.
log money to buy food and clothes, he
would not sell his good angel, as he
called this portrait.
So theyears went on ; oftentimes as
he looked up to the face on the glowing
canvas he wondered what had become
of that boy.
"How I should like to see how he
looks now I I wonder if I should know
him? Is he a good man, true, or wicked
and abandoned? Or has he died and
gone to a better land ?"
_ - -
One day the artist was strolling down
one of the fine walks of the city, when
he beheld a man whose face and mien
were so vicious, so depraved, so almost
fiendlike, that he involuntarily stop
ped and gazed at him.
" What a spectacle? I should like to
paint that figure, and hang it in my
studio opposite the angel-boy,"sald the
artist to himself.
The young man asked the painter for
money, for ho was a beggar as well as a
thief.
" Come to my room, and let me paint
your portrait, and I will give you all
you ask," said the artist.
_ •
The young man followed the painter
and sat for a sketch. When it was
finished, and he had received a few
coins for his trouble, he turned to go;
but his eye rested upon the picture of
the boy; he looked at it, turned pale,
and then burst Into tears.
"What troubles you, man ?" said the
painter. It was long before the young
man could speak. He sobbed aloud,
and seemed pierced with agony.
At last he pointed up to the picture
on the wall, and in broken tones which
seemed to come from a broken heart, he
said
"Twenty years ago you asked me to
come up here and sit for a picture, and
the angel face is that portrait. ' Behold
me now, a ruined man ; so bloated, so
hideous that women and children turn
away their faces from me; so Send-like
that you want my ploture to show how
ugly a man could look. Ah ! I see now
what vice and crime have done for
me."
The artist was amazed. He could
not believe his own eyes and ears.
" How did this happen?" he asked.
The young man told his sad and
dreadful story ; how, being an only son,
and very beautiful, his parents petted
and spoiled him; bow he went with
bad boys and learned all their bad habits
and vices and came to love them; how,
having plenty of money, he was enticed
to wicked places till all was lost, and
then, unable to work and ashamed to
beg, he) began to steal, was caught, and
imprisoned with the worst criminals ;
came out still more depraved to commit
worse crimes than before; how every
bad deed he performmed seemed to
drive him to commit a worse one, till it
seemed to him he could not stop till
brought to the gallows.
It was a fearful tale, and brought tears
into the artist's eyes. He besought the
young man to stop, offered to help him
and tried his best to save him. Butalasi
it was too late. Disease, contracted by
dissipation, soon prostrated the young
man, and he died before he could reform.
The painter hung his portrait opposite
that of the beautiful boy; and when
visitors asked him why he allowed such
a hideous looking face to be there, he
told them the story, saying as he closed,
"between the angel and the demon
there is only twenty years of vice."
The lesson of his tale is in the tale It
self. You who read it can tell whatit
Think of it often, and heed it always.
The Valley of Death
A correspondent of the Philadelphia
Pram, with Gen. Palmer's engineer
corps of the Kansas Pacific Railroad,
writing from Camp Cody, on the Mo
have river, California, gives the follow
ing description of a remarkable valley
in that region: Eighty miles northwest
of this camp is the well-known and
much-dreaded "Death Valley." It is
said to be lower than the level of the
sea, and wholly destitute of water. Mr.
Spears, our intelligent guide, who visit
ed this remarkable valleyseveral times,
gave me the following account of it,
with the reason for its terrible name:
The valley is some 50 miles long by 30
in breadth, and save at two points, it is
wholly encircled by mountains, up
whose steep sides it is impossible for any
but expert climbers to ascend. It is de
void of vegetation, and the shadow of
bird or wild beast never darkened its
white, glaring sand. In the early days,
trains of emigrants bound for Califor
nia passed, under the direction ofguides,
to the south of Death Valley, by what
is now known as the " old Mormon
road." In the year 1850, a large train,
with some 300 emigrants, mostly from
Illinois and Missouri, came south from
Salt Lake, guided by a Mormon. When
near Death Valley, a dissent broke out
in a part of the train, and twenty-one
families came to the conclusion that the
Mormon knew nothing about the
country, so they appointed one of
their number a leader, and broke
off from , • the main party. This
leader determined to turn due west ,•
so with the people and wagons and
flocks he travelled for three days, and
then descended into the broad valley,
whose treacherous mirage promised
water. They reached the centre, but
only the white glaring sand, bounded
by the scorched peaks, met their gaze
on every hand. Around the valley they
wandered, and one by one the men died,
and the panting flocks stretched them
selves in death under the hot sun. Then
the children, crying for water, died at
their mothers' breast, and with swollen
tongues and burning vitals the mothers
followed. Wagon after wagon was
abandoned, and strong men tottered,
and raved, and died. After a week's
wandering, a dozen survivors found
some water in the hollow of a rock in
the mountains. It lasted but a short
time, then all perished but two, who,
through some miraculous means, got
out of the valley and followed the trail
of their former companions. Eighty
seven persons; with hundreds of ani
mals, perished in this fearful place, and
since then the name of Death Valley
has been applied to it. Mr. Spears says
that when he visited it last winter,
after tho lapse of eighteen years,-he
found the wagons. still complete, the
iron work and tires bright, and the
shriveled skeletons lying in many
places side by side.
Home after Work Hours.
The road along which the man of bu
siness travels in the pursuit of compe
tence or wealth is not a macadamized
one, nor does it ordinarily lead through
pleasant scenes and by well-springs of
delight. On the contrary, it is a rough
and rugged path, beset with "wait abit"
thorns, and full of pit falls, which can
only be avoided by the watchful care of
circumspection. After every day's jour
ney over tnis worse than rough turn
pike road, the wayfarer needssomething
more than rest; he requires solace and
deserves it. He is weary of the dull
prose of life, and has a thirst for the
poetry. Happy is the busines man who
can find that solace and that poetry at
home.
Warm greetings from loving hearts,
fond glances from bright eyes and wel
come shouts of children, themany thou
sand little arrangements for comfort
and enjoyment that silently tell of
thoughtful and expectantlove, the gen
tle ministrations that disencumber us
into an old easy seat before we are
aware of it; these, and like tokens . of
affection and sympathy, constitute the
poetry which reconciles us to the prose
of life, Think of this, ye wives and
daughters of business men .1 Think of
the toils, the anxieties, the mortification
and wear that fathers undergo to secure
for you comfortable homes, and com
pensate them for their trials by making
Mr3rEffs:MffMMWlrffM
them happy by their own flre•eldes.
The sober and Industrious man's home
should be made a happy one.
Where the Capital Might Hare Ikea
The original Sites proposed for the
capital city were Germantown,Phila
delphia, Havre de Grace and Ba ltimore.
Garman townaa many may not be aware,
is a hill-top village, seven or eight miles
interior frum Philadelphia, founded by
Dunkers, Quakers, and Hard-shells of
every denomination. It was once ao
•tually voted to be - the site of the capital,
and during the interval of a year Wore
the repeal of the act, the staid popula
tion of Germantown was violently eon
avulsed. The old Quaker woman grew I
refractory, and ordered new bonnets.
The good old Dundor wives expected
each of their daughters to marry a mem
ber of Congress. The young men stop
ped ploughing, and expected tO'be de
partment clerks. Ale houses opened in
wonderful excess, and every German
towner took to reading political papers'.
It was a year of decadence and delirium
tremens. The graveyards got fat that
year. They thought of giving up the
orthodox meeting-house for a War
Department, and stopped the cannon
ball cracks in the old Chew mansion to
lit it up for Gen. Washington, Ger
mantown has never recovered from that
blow. Ever since the act of repeal the
Friends' meeting-house has been empty.
Philadelphia has been partly described
by Jas. Parton as "Quakerism modified
by Franklin." It was the great city of
the country when the nation began, be
ing at that time about the size of In
dianapolis at present. Whiskey was
known to be good there, and hotel room
ample. No man could lose his way
home after a political caucus by taking
a crooked street. So it had many friends
to vote it the permanent capital city. In
the Senate, when the matter was pro
posed in 1790, ...twenty-two voted for
Philadelphia as the capital, to thirty
nine against it—the came figures
as those which lost Germantown.—
And Philadelphia died bard. It
felt that indignant sentiment of the
boy who was rejected for the captaincy
of the corn-stalk military company:
" My mother says I'm the biggest, and
I ought to be captain." Consider the
present circumstances, if Germantown
had become the metropolitan city. We
should have had the Congressional de
bates printed only in German. Every
Senator would have had his desk full of
pretzels. The Hole-in-the-Wall would
have run lager everlastingly. The
Speaker of the House must have sat in
the gallery, so that the debaters could
see to address him covet' their enor
mous abdomens. Sausagfiwould have
been franked to all parts of the
country, and sweitzerkase by the ton,
charged to the item of stationery.—
William Penn and Gambrinus would
have been perched together on the dome
of the capital. The journal of Congress
would have been dated "First day of
the seventh month." All the President's
receptions would have been held in drab
coats, and Gen. Grant would have worn
the uniform of a perpetual Saengerfest.
Every Senator would have addressed
the chair only when the spirit moved
him. What a lot of public print
ing we should have spared ourselves.
Havre de Grace would have made
one of the most beautiful sites in
America for the capital city. High blue
ridges of wooded mountains Ile in its
perspectives. It stands at the head of
the noblest bay on the Atlantic coast,
with the valley of the Susquehanna,
opening communication with the North
and the West; a great city suburban to
it, coal and lumber flowing naturally
past it, and the garden country of the
Middle States for its lawns. It would
have made, as it may still make one
day, a situation worthy of a vast popu
lation and a vast trade. Baltimore, in
possession of the Capitol, would have
had to-day four hundred thousand 'peo
ple and been the favorite dwelling place
of Le most lelsurelyand reflnedAtneri-
Can S.
A Japanese Belle.
Every Japanese girl, of no matter
what class in society, appelars inspired
with an innate love of coduetry. The
daughter of the humble at tradesman
loves to pass whole days in shopping
and takes. the greatest delight in pre
paring long before It is needed, the dress
she intends to display for the first time
at the next fete. The day arrived, the
happy girl rises early in the morning,
and while her fresh new dress lies In
one corner of the TOOM, impatiently
submits to the dilatory labors of her
hair-dresser, in whose profession there
are some artists so celebrated that they'
devote whole hours to the study and toil
requisite for the composition of some
graceful or fashionable style, where the
hair, carefully dressed with the brush
and pomade, half hides a piece of crepe
coquetishly chosen and fastened by
heavy pins of tortoise shell or coral.
The chignon, it must be confessed, is
not altogether of Nature's growth, and
if, after the hair, we examine the face,
we shall see that Madam Rachel her
self could not teach the Japanese much
In the art of making up. On the dress
ing table stand a perfect collection of
little boxesjust drawn from some hiding
place; there are whites for the neck, the
arms, the bust; reds for the mouth and
the cheek ; black for the eyes ; some
times gold for the lips ; and yet, with
all these aide from art, age is unable to
conceal its decrepitude, while strangely
enough the children are the most laden
with paint. Putting aside this coquetry,
universal in spite of its bad taste, the
dress is very simple and invariably well
chosen. A Bilk robe, generally of a dark
hue, covers a chemise en crepe made of
small patches of every color, a perfect
harlequin's mantle, where bright green
is placed beside a lively red. In
Winter the costume is completed by
a short mantle doubled and thickened
according to the season. The dress is
long, without, and open from top,to bot
tom ; the upper part is confined by a
belt broad enough to cover the breast
and the lower part of the form, and ter
minating behind in an enormous knot ;
to tie which with more or less elegance
demands a careful examination and
many retouches. The sleeves hang like
large pockets. To the belts are fastened
a pipe in a velvet case and a pocket
book containing two chopsticks of silver,
if it is intended to do honor to the host
who may offer refreshments. In one cor
ner of the pocket-book sparkles a little
mirror, a European innovation, for our
civilization has made this slight breach
of Japanese manners. During the
greater portion of the year the feet are
bare ; in Winter they are clad in white
cotton, and rest upon sandals of var
nished wood, kept by wooden supports
high enough above theground to escape
the the mud and damp. The sandal is
ornamented with braids of straw, or
sametimes of velvet, and held to the
foot by a strip of cloth passed between
the toes. Occasionally it is recovered
with leather or paper, but is never hon
ored by being worn In the house.
Intelligence of Animals
Borlase says he saw a lobster attack
an oyster, which persisted in closing its
shell as often as the lobster attempted
to intrude within it. After many fail
ures, the lobster took a small stone and
placed it between the shells as soon as
they were separated, and then devoured
the fish.
Mr. Gardner, in his "Curiosities of
Natural History," states that he once
watched a crab enlarging its burrow in
the sand, and about every two minutes
came up to the surface with a quantity
of sand in its left claw, and by a sudden
jerk, threw it to the distance of about
six inches. Having a few shells in his
pocket, he endeavored to throw one of
them into the hole ,• three of them fell
near, and the fourth rolled into it: Five
minutes afterward, the animal made its
appearance, bringing with it the shell
which had gone down, and carrying it
a foot from its burrow, there depoited
it. Seeing the others lying nedethe
mouth of the hole, it immediately car
ried them, one t one, to the place
where the first hadbeendeposited, and
then rearmed its original labor.
Duges saw a spider which had seized
a bee by the back, and effectually pre
vented it from taking flight{ but its legs
being at liberty, the bets dragged the
spider along, which presently suspend
ed it by a thread from its web, leaving
it to dangle in the air till it was dead,
and then itWas drawnup and devoured.
An individual living in the square at
St. Marks, Venice, has been in the
habit of scattering grain every day at
two o'clock, previous to which hour the
birds assemble in one place on the
cathedral, and, as the clock strikes, they
take wing and hover round his window
in small circles till ho appears, and dis
tributes a few handfuls of food. This
at:ail evens, indicates the facility of
noting time, and may be placed on a
parallel with the story of the dog which
went to church regularly every Sunday,
at the proper hour, to meet his master.
Animals are prompt in using their ox.
perience in reference to things from
which they have suffered pain or an
noyance.
Grant mentions an ourang.outang
which having had, when ill , some media
Gino administered to him In an egg,
could never be induced to take one after,.
wards.
Le Vailfant's monkey was extremly
fond of brandy, but never could be p °-
veiled upon to touch it again after a
lighted match had been applied to some
it was drinking. A dog having.great
antipathy to the sound of a violin al.
ways tried to get the bow and conceal
it.
Plutarch tells a strange story of a
mule, which, when laden wlthualt, fell
Into a stream, and finding its loadtherd•
by lightened, adopted the experiment,
afterward, and whenever It crossed a
stream slipped into the water with its
panniers. To cure it of the trick, the
panniers were filled with sponge under,
which, when fully saturated, it could
barely stagger.
Lilo In Japan
Correspondence of the New York Times
FRIDAY, Feb. 28, 1868.
The weather here is certainly very
pleasant for winter. Occasionally the
atmosphere is sharp, and the mercury
gets down to 82, but this les° seldom
that it does not interfere with the char
acter of the climate. The Japanese ap
pear to be singularly indifferent to the
cold, at least when we consider that
they are called to endure such extreme
heat during a large part of the year. I
have often seen them when water was
freezing, running round barefooted and
barelegged, and Invariably bareheaded.
Their style of dress is the gown, open
in front, except when folded, and this,
of course can afford but little protection
from cold.. A young Japanese interpre
ter told me that they all suffered from
such exposure, and that he never knew
what comfort was until he adopted the
European costume. To make things
worse, they have no fires for the sole
purpose of warmth. The " hibachi,"
a low bronze pot, contains burning
charcoal, and Is used for cooking, and
the surplus heat is improved for com
fort; over the " hibatchi" one always
ipaa a group endeavoring to keep warm.
Their houses are very open, with thin
paper windows, and their rooms are di
vided by sliding partitions, which are
very loosely arranged, so that It would
be most difficult to heat them, even with
an ordinary coal stove. The floor of each
house Is raised about two feet from the
ground, and is covered with thick, soft
matting, laid down in regular parallel
ograms and edged with black. The san
dals are always left at the door, and they
never walk on this with shod feet.
These sandals are the clumsiest foot
gear Imaginable and It le surprising
that a nation so ingenious as the Japa
nese should not have discovered some
thing more comfortable. The sandal of
common use consists of a straw sole,
with a thong starting from between the
first and second toes, and bound around
the foot'and ankle. Another style is to
have the straw sole rest on two small
slats of wood, to raise it from the groud.
This kind is commonly worn by the
women. Besides these there are
sandals with solid soles, rounded at
the toes, and ornamented with some
degree of taste, but all are of the same
clumsy pattern. They are exceedingly
inconvenient for females, who walk
almost as clumsily as the Chinese wo
men, and appear not a little deformed.
It is no matter of surprise then that the
Japanese seize on English shoes with
great eagerness, and I -.notice many of
the officers and even soldiers of Satsu-
- .
ma's army have adopted not only the
shoes, but also the coats, the buttons,
'find even the pantaloons of foreign pat
tern. These they put on without regard
to propriety, and hence frequently pre
sent a most ludicrous make-up of odds
and ends of civilization. Our shoes,our
neatly fitting gloves, our caps and but
tons are to these natives a matter of
general admiration.
The Japanese, though possessed of no
little mechanical skill are chiefly agri
cultural In their pursuits. The wealth
of the country is rice, and every officer
is paid a portion or all his salary in that
commodity. The people live on rice
and fish, and such vegetables as carrots,
turnips and spinnach. One would im
agine from appearance that they are
generally honest. There is certainly as
little apparent caution with respect to
the exposurt of wares along the street,
as there is lack of what we call delicacy
in the exposure of the person of either
sex. One of the most pleasing features
in Japanese life is childhood. Little
children till the streets from morn to
night, and are full of those juvenile
sports which delight American youth.
They are playing ball and flying kites
and driving shuttle-cocks with all man
ner of glee, but their greatest pleasure
is gambling with that petty coin called
" cash." They are always fancifully
dressed, and are well bundled up, and
with their little eyes and chubby faces
they present an amusing spectacle. To
add to the oddity which marks these
little Japs their heads are invariably
shaved closely, with the exception of a
tuft on the very crown.
The popular beverage in Japan is
"saki,' an alcoholic distillation of rice.
It resembles the Chinese " sampahu"
and the "arak" of Hindostan. Concern-
ing its use among the Japanese, I have
never seen anything unpleasant result
from it, but its effect on the European
sailor is invariably pernicious in the
highest degree, and whenever he passes
a certain limit in its use he becomes a
madman and a fiend. We may pre
sume that the natives avoid drinking it
to excess, or if they do their dispositions
may be of a nature too quiet to show
similar effects.
The great centre of all authority is
the Mikado, who is generally considered
the spiritual head of the nation.. He
resides at Kloto, (or Miacho, as the
capital is sometimes styled) about 40
miles from Osaka, the latter tdwn being
only 14 miles from our. present station.
The Mikado is visible-.,t0 only a few of
his Court and to a small numper of the
higher Princes. The office ishereditaiy,
and the present incumbeffra youth of
16, is under the control of a Regent.—
The present line of the Mikados is as old
as Japanese history. It appears that his
authority is similar to that of the Pope
in the middle ages, and, like Hildebrrind,
he takes precedence of all temporal
powers. He is honored and obeyed by
all classes throughout the Empire,
while the ignorant yield him almost
divine honors. At one time the gov
ernment of Japan emanated from him
directly, but about three hundred years
ago the Tyconate was established. It
was a position either won by some vie.
torious Prince, or was established in,
order to relieve the Mikado of his too
arduous duties. From the commence.
ment sprang the present system of gov
ernment by means of Tycoons, or, to
speak more properly, Shogeons—a sys
tem which is likewlee hereditary. The
relation of this officer to the Mikado is
something of the nature of Prime Min
ister, but to the people his station is that
of a king.
The Empire of Japan is divided into
sixty Provinces, governed by satraps or
viceroys called Daimios ; each of whom
maintains an army. These Daimios
are of course subject to the Tycoon, and
yield him, however unwillingly, a
revenue from their respective territories;
but to a certain extent they claim and
exercise an independent sway. The
present condition of Japan is well Illus
trated by the history of England during
the reign of King John, when the
barons were in ; perpetual conflict with
the monarchy. These Daimios are in
like manner feudal lords. They have
kingly control over their subjects, who
obey their laws at home and uphold
their honor in the .field. Each Dalmlo
has his chief officers, next to whom are
the priests,. and lowest in the social
grade are the common
_people, who are
the abject servants of the Daimio and
arenotpermittedtowearm orda.Hence,
as 'one may easily perceive, , tbe posi
tion of the Daimio is one of great
exaltation, and he exacts the greatest
possible deference. Coolies and aim.
moners drop on their knees when he
makes his appearance, and Whenefer
he is to visit a town the streets are swept
and
especial preparations are made to
yield him honor. It Is particularly
dangerous for foreigners to meet him or
any part of his retinue. His advance is
preceded by a herald, who gives warn
ing:of,his approach and notifies all who
are on horseback to dismount or to de
part." Disobedience to this order has
often resulted in bloodshed and death.
This was illustrated by the history of
the unfortunate Richardson, of Yoko
hama, who, while riding with a friend
1883 on the Toesido or public drive
of Yeddo, fell in with a Dalmo preces
slob. The attendants assailed the of
feffding strangers and out Richardson
to pieces while his friend was severel y Wounded and narrowly escaped death.
film English took up the cause of their
Unfortunate countryman, and so force
wee aetit againet Kagosima,thentimio's
possession, to obtain redress. The as
sailants lost sixty men, but they blew
up the Dalmio's fort and did much
damage by way of avenging the wrong.
On this account the Japanese are very
fearful lest any injury should befall
foreigners and thus bring trouble upon
themselves. An officer of distinction
in the native government latelyentered
Hiogo. The vicinity qr the house in
which he stopped was atbnce surround•
ed by guards whose chief object was to
request foreigners not to pass lest un
pleasant consequences should follow.
The Mikado s Court is composed of
nobles who are called Koogas. Their
costume is peculiar to themselves and
was never seen by foreigners until the
recent Ambassador from the Mikado
wore it in his pablic reception. The
superior order of the Koogas, as well as
the Mikado himself, stain their teeth
black, a privilege which likewise is ac
corded to all married women.
The Japanese, though brought up on
their, "saki," are still very fond of
ochampagne wine, and at all:entertain
ments given by foreigners this is fur.
n !shed. Japan raises large quantities of
tobacco, but it is very mild stuff indeed.
Give a native smoker an ordinary cigar
and it will nauseate him before one half
of it is smoked, and yet smoking Is an
almost universal habit here ; and, what
is very strange, they call their own
tobacco by the same name that it bears
in the English tongue. The pipe and
pouch are carried at the girdle, the
former holds a mere pinch of the weed,
and when it is ignited they take two or
three deep inspirations, drawing the
smoke into their lungs ; by this time the
tobacco is exhausted and the smoker
refills and continues his fumigation.
As regards our position here. T may
say that one is never safe in Japan.
There are bands of freebooters or hire
ling soldiers who wander over the coun
try, ready to enlist in the service of
whichever Daimio will offer the high
est pay. They are a murderous set and
Hence
wenever under good discipline.
we are constantly liable to such attacks
as that made on us on the sth of Feb.
ruary by Bezen's men. One sees troops
of soldiers always on the march, and
it was one of these roving bands
serving the last-named Daimio that
opened fire on us, and occasioned
that excitement which has already been
described in your columns. I was at
that time in 'Dego, two miles away
from the American vessels. As the ex
citement spread, the people crowded the
street, and rushing toward our party
cried "Noka I Noka I" "Pigi / Pigi l"
"Go! Go l" "Clear out! Clear out!"
Away we went skirting the shore as
rapidly as dignity , would permit, and
passing crowds of people who were
hastening off toward the boats with their
household goods, for in Japan the soldiers
I n:ease of war, generally finish their work
by burning the nearest town. After the
trouble was over, agreeably to the state
ment made in previous letters, we would
have continued to hold the town had
not the Mikado, who up to this time
had never condescended to treat with
foreigners, sent down an envoy. He
came in great state, robed in magnifi
cent attire of white silk, and attended
with a standard-bearer and armed suite.
We received him with presented arms
and the mArtial glee of the bugle. The
result was a satisfactory assurance that
the Mikado would afford protection to
all foreigners and establish government.
Everything is now quiet, butwe do not
trust ourselves at any distance from the
shipping, and always go armed ,
The English Success In Abyssinia.
After all the dissertations upon the im-
Eracticability of a successful result of the
nglish expedition to Abyssinia, it has been
accomplished, the stronghold of Magdala
taken, the captives releafied,and Theodorus
killed. The London Times and other mar
tial journals, which have boon criticising
the slowness cf Napier's movements, will
perhaps be inelluedhoreafter to "leave mil
itary matters to military mom" With such
results as the above the most grumbling
British tax-payer will acknowledge that
Napier has given him the worth *his
money. The obstacles which had W'be
overcome before the actual figlier* com
menced were very great. The. mxrcl.r.of
the army was often on narrow and tortuous
paths, along the beds of torrents, and some
times on the sides of the lower part of
mountains. The sappers and miners were
at times three days ahead, clearing
the road along precipices of • rook
like petrified glaciers. The numbers
engaged in the late contest there are
no means as yet of knowing, but a corres
pondent of a New York paper, travelling
with the English army, wrote on March-CI,
that Sir Robert Napier said that the enemy
numbered 7,000, all told, and Brigadier
General Morrlwether estimated them at
15,000, both of which the travelling civilian
considered much beneath the mark, and
was evidently of opinion that Sir Robert
would soon have reason to repent his ruah
nese. That General has added new laurels
to a name renowned in the Indian, naval
and diplomatic service of England. The
whole expeditionary force with which he
sot out from India was 80,000 Britons
and Sepoy allies; and this one battle
'
doubtless ends the war, indicating that
much that has been said concerning there
sources and lighting qualities of the Abys
sinians is apocryphal. The dead king
Theodorus, however, was a man of mark,
of enterprise and bravery. He was a usurp
er, having overthrown the former Moham
tnedan " King John," against whom he
commenced to war by the aid of some tribes
that he gained to his tilde, aster back as 18,50,
but it was not till a number of years alter
that he finally overthrew John. Mean
time Theodorus had indulged the idea of
even greater things than this, having
twice invaded the Egyptian Seudan, in
which enterprise be at last ineffectually
sought the aid of the governments of
England and France, with the view
of re establishing the ancient Ethiopian
empire, but though he gained victories, was
unable to bold the country. Theodorus had
been dissatisfied with a treaty made before
his accession, favoring the residence and
business of' foreigners in the empire and die
regarded it so us to plunder the British and
other European residents, and finally Mr.
Plowden, the British consul who negotiated
the treaty, was killed by a predatory band.
This Theodorus pretended to punish his
subjects for by slaughtering a number of
them, and a Mr. Cameron was appointed as
the consul's successor. ' but he was maltreat.
ed, and finally all the English missionaries
also imprisoned. All negotiations for their
release falling, the war ensued, and the re
sult is that Britishaupremacy is established
in Abyssinia.. The London ~Spectator
,
months ago, gave out that England would
hold what Napier would win. The king
dom of Abyssinia is, tberistbra, probably as
dead as Theodorus, and - the land will be
come as India, a dependent of the extended
British empire. It Is stated that the dead
Theodorus was 47 years old, was of average
stature, Imposing presence, and of an irreg
ular hutatot unimpressive physiognomy.—
His halite were those of an astute dome
gogffic. It, is repreoented that at court he
revelled in luxury and show. In the field
be affected simplicity, as well of dress as of
diet.—Ballimore
The Ex-Empress of Mexico
The Brussels correspondent of the Lon
don Post writes:
The royal family are taking daily drives
and horse exercise among their loyal sub
jects, and it is.most touching to see the
Empress Carlotta of Mexico seated in an
open carriage, driven by the Queen, salu
ting with graceful but sad smiles the eople,
whose idol she is and always has been from
her childhood.
The Empress is looking very pale, and is
dressed in deer mourning. The attention
paid to her by the Queen la beyond all
praise, and there can be no doubt that her
recovery from the mental prostration
brought on by the sad events so well known
to every one Is chiefly owing to the energy
and devotion of her royal slater-in-law.
The widow of the late General liiiramon,
the bosom friend of the late Emperor Maxi
milled; has arrived' here with her children
within the last few days, with the intention
of making Belgium her permanent home.
It is said that she has had an audience at
the palace.
The body of John Williams, one of the
proprietors of the Spottswood' Hotel, was
found In the canal at Richmond, Va. ki%
Williams disappeared over a week aincet
after telling his 'friends " they would no,
see him again."
The baby woman has gone to Jefferson
ville, Indiana, on exhibition. Asentimen
tal reporter says: "She is not three years
old,yet as perfectly developed as a maid of
sweet sixteen." "'fluff ced ;" she has a
waterfall and.. a sweetheart.
It is said that the late Bing Louis of
Bavaria, left eight coffers, the contents of
which' U emystery. One Is to be opened
in 1883, and the °therein 19181 At that date
it is more than probable that the presefit
generation will have joined „King Louis.
How Mr. Darts used up Butler and
Nativell.
The speech of Mr. Everts has attract•
ed unlverial itteutiou and elicited the
most flattering comments from the press
of both parties. Ho uses up Butler and
Boutwell completely. The following
extracts will show how it was done :
orscossron vs. concriyupy...
In paiiiirir..;;;,o:ot6 to Butler Mr. Everts
maids the President is to be tried on charges
which aro produced here and not on °out.
Mon fame. Least of all b ho to be tried In
your judgment, av ho has been arraigned,
hour after hour, upon charges which the
Impeaching authorities in the Douse of
Representatives deliberately throw out as
unworthy of inipeitehmeno and unsuitable
fur trial. We, at least, when we have an
indictment brought Into court end another
Indictment ignored and thrown out, aro to '
be tried on the former and not on the littler,
and if, on, the oth of December last the
House of Representatives, with which, by
the Constitaßon, rests the sole Impeaching
power under this Uovernment, by a veto of
107 to 07, threw out all the topics which
make up the Intlamatory addressee of the
Managers, it is ouongh for me to say that
for reasons satisfactory to that authority,
"The House of Representatives," those
charges wore thrown Out. 80, too, If this
be a trial on a public prosecution, and with
the ends of publiejustice alone In view, the
ordinary rules for the restraint of prosecu
ting authorities apply here, and I do not
hesitate to say that this trial, to be in our
annals the most conspleions In our history,
to be serutinited b,y more professional eyes,
by the attention of more scholars nt home
and abroad, to bo preserved In moro librri
ries, to be judged of as a national trial, and
a national criterion forever, presents the
unexampled spectacle of n prosecution
which overreachea judgment from the very
beginning, end invades, Impugns and
oppresses at every stage the victim
which it pursues. Now, the duty of con•
straint upon a prosecuting authority under
a government of law pursuing only public
justice is scarcely less strict and severe thau
that which rests upon the judge himself.
To select evidence that is not pertinent to
exclude evidence knowing that it bears
upon the enquiry; to restrict evidence k now
fug that the field fa thus closed against the
true point of justice, N no part of a prose
cuting attorney's duty or power, whatever
may be permitted in the contests of the
forum and the zeal of contending lawyers
for contending clients; there Is no such au
thority, no such duty, no such permission
for apublic prosecutor; much loss when the
proofs have been thus kept narrowed when
the charges aro thus precise and tecuical, is
It permissible for a prosecuting authority
to enlarge the area ordeclamation and In•
ye:Mire ; much less is It suitable for u pub
lic prosecutor to Inspire in the minds of the
Court prejudice and extravagant jurladle•
lion. Now, it has usually been supposed
that on an actual trialinvolvlng sorioue eon-
sequences forensic discussion was the true
method of dealing with the subject, and we
lawyers appearing for the President, being,
as Mr. Manager Butler has been politic
enough to say, "attorneys whose practice
in the law has sharpened but not enlarged
their intellects," have confined ourselves to '
this method of forenele discussion. But we
have learned here that there is another ,
method of forensic concussion, Now, I un
'
derstand the method of discussion is to peno• t
trate the 'mullion, and if successful, capture ;
It. The Chinese method of warfare Is the
method of concussion, and consists of a
great blowing of trumpets, sounding of
gongs, and shouts and shrieks in the neigh
borhood of the opposing force. When all
this rolls away, and the air is freer, the effect
it to be watched for. But it has been re
served to us in our modern warfare, as
illustrated here In the rebellion, to present
a more singular and notable instance of the
method of warfare by concussion than has
been known before; a fort impregnable by
the methods of discussion—that of penetrat
ing and capturing it—has been on a large
scaleattempted to be captured by the method
of concussion, and some hundreds of tone of
gunpowder, placed in
made near the walls
of the fort, has been the means to the
concussion of this vest experiment. Dis
satisfied with that trial and its results, the
honorable Manager who opened this case
seems to have repeated the experiment in
the vicinity of the Senate. [Laughter.]
While the air was lulled with epithets, the
dome shook with invective. Wretchedness,
misery, suffering and blood were made the
means of this explosive mixture, and hero
we are surviving concussion, and after all
reduced to the humble and homely method
of discussion which belongs to "attorneys
whoseintellects have been sharpened but not
enlarged by the practice of law." [General
and continuous laughter.]
MARTEL
DAN;IIHMENT OR TUN PIINSIDNNT
Alluding to tho foolish flight of Boutwoll
Mr. Warta disposed of it and him as col
If, therefore, this Interpretation of law
and duty, by their act required, unqualified,
unserutinieed, unweighed, unmeasured, is
(vima the necessary occasion of a vordlel
cam hmentdt must beconsldered under
the‘e ear bright light which true statesman
ship abode upon the subject, I may as
conveniently at this point us afterward, pay
some attention to the !astronomical punish
ment which tho learned and honorable
Manager (Mr. Boutwol.) thinks should he
applied to this novel ease of impeachment.
Cicero, "I think it is, who says that a lawyer
should know everything, for sooner or later
there is no fact in history, in science, or in
human knowledge that will not come into
his argument. Profoundly sensible of my
ignorance, being devoted to " a profession
which sharpens and does not enlarge the
mind" I can admire without envying the
superior knowledge evinced by the honora
ble Manager. But, nevertheless, while
some of his colleagues wore paying atton
tion to an unoccupied and unappropriated
island on the surface of the seas, Mr. Man
ager Boutwell, more ambiguous, had dis
covered an untenanted and unappropriated
region In the skies, (laughter) reserved, ho
would have us think, in the lima
councils of the Almighty, es a place of pun
ishment for convicted and deposed Ameri
can Presidents. (Laughter.) Now, at first,
I thought that his mind had become so en
larged that it was not sharp enough to ob
serve that the Constitution had limited the
•nrushment. But on reflection I saw that
0 was as legal and logical as he was am
biguous and astronomical, for the Constitu
tion has said "removal from office," and has
put no limit to the distance of removal,
[great laughter] so without abedding a drop
of his blood, or taking a penny of his prop
erty, or ironing his limbs, he is sentenced
to removal from office and transportation
to the skies. [Laughter.] This is the great
undertaking, and if the learned Manager
can only get over the obstacles of the laws
of nature, the Constitution won't stand in
his way. [Laughter.] I can think of
no metnod but that of a convulsion of the
earth that should project the deposed Prost
dent to this infinitely distant sphere: but a
shock of nature of so vast an energy and so
great a result might unsettle even the firm
members of Congress. [Laughter.] How
shall we accomplish it? Why, In the first
place, nobody knows where that space in
but the learned Manager bitnself,—[laugh•
ter]—and be is the necessary deputy to ex
ecute the judgment of the Court. Lot it
then be provided that in case of your son •
tones of deposition and removal from office
the honorable, the astronomical Manager,
shall take into his own hands the execution
of the sentence. The President made fast
to his broad and strong shoulders, and hav•
Ing assayed the flight by Imagination, better
prepared to execute it In form, taking advan
tage of ladders as far as ladders would go
to the top of this high Capitol, and spurning
then with his feet the Goddess of Liberty,
let him set out upon his flight, [langliter,l
while the Houses of Congress nod all the
people of the United States shall shout "sic
slur ad agra." [Laughter long and con
tinued.] Here an oppressive doubt strikes
me: How will the Manager get back?
How, when he gets beyond the power of
gravitation to restore him, will be get back?
And so ambitions a wing aside could never
stoop to a downward flight. No doubt, as
he passes through the expanse, that
famous question of Carlisle, by which
be points out the littleness of human affairs,
"What thinks Bootee of them as he leads
his hunting dogs over the zenith In their
leash of sidereal fire?" will occur to the
Manager. What, indeed, would Bootee
think of this constellation (laughter) loom
ing through space beyond the power of
Congress to send for persons and papers?
(Laughter.) Who shall return, and how
decide in the contest there begun in this
new revolution thus established? Who
shall decide which is the sun and which is
the moon? Who shall determine the only
scientific test which reflects hardest upon
the other? (Laughter.)
A Stupendous Tunnel
The most stupendous tunnel enter
prise has lately been accomplished at
the silver mines in the German Hartz
mountains. The mines were over 3,000
feet deep, and sparsity of fuel prevented
the use of steam for pumping, which
was done by water wheels, aided by
tunnel drains. But the great depth
reached In 1859 precluded further pro
gress in that manner, and a tunnel was
commenced for deep drainage which Is
Just now finished.
The tunnel is twenty-two miles long;
two, million cubic yards of solid rock
were excavated, ten thousand pounds of
powder used, and the linear extent of
blasting holes drilled is 180 miles. Natu
rally, on the. successful completion of
this colossal work, thirty-two thousand
miners, whose livelihood is now assured
for twenty years, celebrated the event
with grand rejoicing., The' mines can
be worked till 1887 without steam, and
they have been operated since the year
928 in mutinous profitable production.
NUMBER 18
tho angel of hop. fled when Idtahler's Herb
Bitters came to and closed the gaping Jaws of
the monster death—and bid defiance to disease.
and throat It Is a specific. Ministers of the
Gospel, public speakerti, slogan and auction
ears use IL as a remedy for hoarseness
cholla palm; of their children. For noneral
debility and nervous complaints It excels ell
other remodlea.
first buildup tto ganoral system and corroot
M. I 8 Il L E R ' 8
GREEN LABEL BITTERS
to counteract and entirely eradicate the Beret
ulnae diathesis or tho secondary and tertiary
°Mote of delicate diseases. It will speedily
enre any sores on any and every part or the
body. It 18 the great 13160 d Purifier, where
Mercury, lodine of Potaan and all ol.lier al-
terntlyos hays failed In thoso °nimbly° die
eaaes whletuleatroy the palate and bogies of
aliould begin by taking the find Week a table
spoonful three times a day. The second week
a tableepoonfal anu a half, and the third week
tablespoonful every three hours, and thus con-
Untie to Increase the dose until a very large
time ban been taken when It nhould be gratin
ally dirulnlahed for a Woek or two, and then
again Increfuw. When too large a doe° la taken
of the Green Label linters, or they have been
too Jong continued, the throat will become
somewhat Irritated, and a Ilttle uneasiness felt,
u the stomach. The patient should at 01:100
rapidly diminish the dose when the above
ymptoms are ex perlencetL As soon as they
lave paased oil; begin again. There lino danger
n taking the Cireen Label Bitters, If only as
much is taken as will make the patient feel
comfortable, neither will they Intoxicate; but
to ttio contrary, wo will guarantee that If an
habitual Inebriate takes a witieglaalfal of it
three times a day, he will acquire 'such a Ws-
gust for 1 utoxicatlng drinks that In a short
time he could notice Induced to taste lt.
above directions we will warrant &perfect cure
In any form, stage or condition of Scrofulous
oridelleate diseases. Old Sores, Swellings, d.e.,
inside or outside of the body, no matter from
what cause, if curable at all.
The Green Label Bitters are sold everywhere
by all Druggists and Country Storekeepers at
$1.50 per bottle.
Is the ladles' friend, and is unequalled by any
other preparation,
Iu Chtoroth; or Green Sickness, Irmolartheel
Painful Menstruation, Suppression of the
Monthly Flow, Uloeratian of the Meths,
Whites or Lenoorrhasa; In the decline or
change of life and all complaints incident to
the sex It Is a PERFEer PANACEA.
Sold everywhere at 111.50 per bottle.
LANCASTER, PA., AND CHICAGO, ILL,
MATE OP Anyzarriente.
BMW= ADexaTilreeteria r ple • year pc%
rim Or UM thaw; per 7 fey i ad-
R&M TOWS ADVlontiolo,lo MUNI& liniVor
Um Clint, end 6 cents Mr 111031111quent In.
•
GICZCZIIAL ADYMATIIINCI 7 cents a line for the
first, rad toeitta for each entuequent haw.
SPROUL Nauss/ Inserted In Looal Column!
16 cents pee line.
OPZCZAL NOTI01:11 preceding sruorliarari en d
deaths, 10 mats per line itir nisi InserUon
and 6 Cent/ for every spbeerputnt Insertion.
LorriAL AND misnaming—.
Executors' ..01.10ea .. LID
• Adnindstralo7ll. Lea
Milanese'
auditors' asthma,.. E
Ism%
three UMIMI,
News teems
The San Francisco papers publish lists
of unclaimed telegrams.
The Roy. Dr. Maud has announced his
acceptance of the ollico of Bishop of Ver
mont,
Tho Woetorn skating rinks aro to be kept
open all summer, parlor skates on a smooth
floor compensating for the veritable stool
and ice.
non. Hhorman, writing to n friend says of
the Kansas hotel., that "their price la $3
a day —board cud lodglugoxira."
Thotutands of birds, dead from starvation,
hf assachtutotis papers report, hays been
picked up In the western part of that State.
" Loftin the road by himself" lathe phrase
employed by Sun Pranolaco papers to an
nounce the execution of horse thieves under
lynch law.
A movement In on Mot to form an imm
olation of the Alumni and other friend, of
Princeton College residing in Now York
and Its vicinity.
Wm. C. Rives, fbrmerly United Slatee
tolniater to France, and Senator from Vir
ginia, died at Churlottoavolle, Va., lain
Saturday, at tho ago of sevonty-five.
Fat in uow the rage In fashionable oireloa.
Ladlea cultivato it. They are devouring
vest quantities of butter, maahed ?one
leaven, and ouch like.
An editor in Algeria was recently pun
abed by the If ranch authorities fur jprediet
nir the famine, In relief of which the Leg.
Mature has appropriated (180,000.
The vice principals of tho New York
Liraininar schools havo rotinivod that It la
expedient to abolish corporal pu htnent
In those Institutions.
A trial In tho Sussex County (Dol.) nurt
has resulted In the acquittal of a tleafmnd
dumb man of murder. Plea, non-amount
tibility on account of dofielunt mental ea
parity.
In Alexandrln, Va., the forty-nluth an
iverdary of Odd Fellowship wns recently
elebrated. An address was delivered by
'. A. Sweat, Grand Secretary or the Grand
IJotigo, or thnt district.
'Homebody writes about the " slivory"
voice of the Lowell Cynocophalus. Nibbles
says that if it is so, the creature must ovl
dently gargle its throat with a solution of
Southern forks and spoons.
Speaking of starving Indians. Prentice
says: "The question is whether wosball lot
them starve or feed and keep them alive
until wo shall be under tho necessity of
shooting them."
The Deseret Nowa is alarmed lost Paris
fashions should be introduced among the
Mormon women, and is startled at the pos
sibility of n saint being obliged to pay the
clothing expenses of a dozen wives.
Pears are said to be suocossfully shipped
front California to Now York by way of the
Isthmus of Panama. Grapes nro also ship
pod in this way, and the California fruit
growors are rejoicing at the high prious
realized on their ventures.
Vtiolder's gittero.
pROPHYLACTICS
Tho via mm110(1012 natural In man la that
providoutlM protootion from alsome, IrMola
ho God of nature has Implanted In every tie
sue, nem and (Himont or our ontlro organlza
lion. Were it not for title Invlelble Innate
power In man, nature he would be eon•
Bluntly toned like a frail bark from health to
sickness, and often from sickness to dissoin
Lion. At every little change hi the tempura•
taro of the atmosphere, or from the least no
gleetin the tweet food or clothing disease would
begin its work of destruction. It is this prin.
olplo widen prevent& disease under ordinary
oireametanoes, and often Indeed, when It ham
pretty thoroughly loan:mated heel! Into the
Htrncturo of the body—baffles It for a long time
until at !eat the long bent bow become waak,
annulated nature sinks, tho body emaciates—
Reader, tho object of medicine in diseneo lAI
not in Reel( to cure. The most that medicine
oan do In any case Is to namist the ♦la medico
trLx natures In =sting off the broken down Um
Him °film body, and buildlug up trio now, and
that romedy wblab done Wm most, to build up
and Invigorate the various (=tattoo,' of the
animal moottantim (loos too most to itaikt ilr
uro and heal dinette
As vaccination Is a protection against van
olold or small Pox 110 ho
MISHLER'S HERB BITTERS
I protootlon against all ill/masa; whether Ito
rodltary, ondemlo, or oplllomlo.
Never bolero In the hlatury of man has there
been produced 6 oomblnation of remodlem ■o
~otottt for good, w untogontatto to disoano
The medical profession evarywho:o hag tent,
ed and knows well Ha remedial powers, nal
witlastandlas M. D,'e disguise Mlsbier's Herb
Bitters with aromatics before atimintstoring
4. They. dare not do without IL whom life and
death are at stake. Thousands upon thous-
ands of poor flutterers Lave been solemnly and
with a great show of professional dignity told
tat the closing soeno was near at hand, that
Everybody takes U. In dleensee of the longs
Mothers keep It for croup, Bore throat and
For scrofula, delleate dilemma and weak-
moo arising hom exoesxes or Indiscretion,
ho sluggish functions of digestion with the
'orb Bitters, thou use
lio umo, tho Uroou Label Bitters act like
Tho close of unfortunate.' referred to nboito
If these Bitters are taken according to the
MISHLER , 8
RED LABEL BITTERS,
B. B. HARTMAN (40.,
PROPRIETORS,