gaimuiter gittenigutt
OEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29, 1868
TO the Democracy of the City and County
of Lancas er.
In pursuance of authority given the un
dersigned, at a meeting of the County Com
mittee, field on SATURDAY, January 25th,
you are requested to assemble in theseveral
Wards of the city of Lancaster and borough
of Columbia, and In the several Election
Dlstriete of the county, on SATURDAY, the
15th day of FE - um:ran; 1868, to elect not
Mote than five delegates to represent such
Ward or District in a general County Con
vention, lobe held on WEDNESDAY, the 19th
day.of FEBRUARY, at 11 o'clock A. M.,
at
E'ulton Hail, in the city of Lancaster, for
the purpose of electing six delegates to rep
resent the Democracy of the county of Lan
caster in the State Convention, to be held at
Farrisburg on WF,DNENDAY, the 4th day of
Manua, 1808.
Each District will nominate ono person to
serve as a member of the County Commit
tee for the ensuing political year, and will
also elect a President and Secretary of the
District organization, by whom an Execu
tive Committee of one in each sub-division
will be appointed as soon as possible. These
names should be placed upon the credentials
of the delegates to the County Convention.
The most active and efficient men should he
chosen. _
••- • .
. A. J. STEINIAN, Chairman
B. J. MeattANx, Seeretary.
Luncaiter, January 213,1865.
Senator Doollttle'a Speech
We print to-day, to the exclusion of
much other matter, Senator Doolittle's
great speech in the Senate on Thursday.
It will amply repay perusal.
A number of copies of the INTELLI
GEN= having been subscribed for by
several gentlemen, with instructions to
send the paper to certain persons named
to us, a number of parties are receiving
the paper who have not ordered it. 'The
date to which payment has been made
is noted on the direction label. We are
advised by a friend in Fulton township
that certain Postmasters refuse to de
liver these papers unless they are paid
for by the parties to whom they are di
rected. This is none of the Post
master's business. He is bound to
deliver all papers, unless they are re
fused by the person to whom they are
addressed, in which case he is required
by law to notify us of the fact. Let
them take notice and govern themselves
accordingly.
The Presidency
The Radical Presidential programme
is rapidly developing. When Congress
met in ..November it gave signs of mod-
(Talon and regard fm• the will of the
people. The scheme of Impeachment
was promptly dismissed. I lut since the
Christmas adjournment, Congress 11115
become Juore violent than ever. Stan
ton has been reinstated, a military dic
tatorship devised for the South, and the
Supreme Court insulted and attacked.
At the sunk time, Grant has been an
nounced as the Republican etintlidaLe
for l'resiti ell I.
Tl4ese movement clearly indicate
what has reeehtiy taken place within
the Republican Huey. The Radicals
have again threatened disruption of the
party if their measures are not carried
through, and the inure moderate have
again submitted. But as the latter have
always been governed by the spoils, the
candidate for the Presidency is con
ceded to them. The Radicals are to
have the principles, and the moderates
the plunder of the party. Each di
vision thus getswhat it most desires;
and success is to be secured by the no-
gro electoral votes of the South pieced
out with the military popularity of
It cannot be denied that this is a
promising arrangement, and it must be
opposed by the Democracy with more
integrity, but equal skill. While we
rely upon the soundness of our princi
ples, and the indignant hostility of the
people against the Itadival projects of
tyranny, revolution and negro su
premney, we must have ]'residential
and Vice Presidential candidates wlio
will count - pail the Support of all that
agree with us in principle. We must
have candidates whose record and his
tory will entirely satisfy those that are
expected to vote for them. They must
attract the votes of Conservatives who
have formerly acted with the Radical
party, and nut repel thew. In short,
the Democratic candidates must not
carrll weight in the race
In the coming campaign we want the
benefits of the experience of the last four
eventful years, and desire to fight the
battle of 11-,i4 upon the living issues of
the present, and up," 114(...L.
IVe , are not or those who think that
the welfare of the country or party de
pends 4uu au individual or two. There
are many Democratic statesmen and
soldiers among whom we can lied sat
lsfactory candidates for our National
ticket, and it is only nece,sary that these
should be free from positive objection
The Democracy will make the coming
CIALIVaSri tlitilletiVOly UpWI pii,H•iplC
and it is only important to have condi
dates whose past career will mil. deprive
!hum of the voles their principlcs would
Tile. Pennsylvania du:L.:at-al
go to thu .Denmerittie Notional Con wen-
Lion open to conviction anti free l'rom
all instructions and F . cfcrencys. Their
mails purpose shoutd he to Meet the
most suitable atel available candidates,
and tin• this reilson they ,lioubl be a,
cessible to argument until the very day
of the Convention. Theee revolution-
ary times are fruitful of rhaugo, :Ln,l
the candidates preferred in .March
might not be moat ......eptu.ble in June.
The blunders of the e tno, are
takiug place SO rapidly that we should
he in a condition to improve them :Is
than occur. Ti 10 TW.-Tli I 1:1 RI M.
only requires discretion on the pail of
one third c Convention to secure
us from an unfortunate nomination
and although we entertain the highest
hope from the patriotism anti disinter-
estedness of the whole body, it is con
solatory to know that the prudence of
one-third of its members will sufriee to
save the party and rescue the country
ONE of the Washburnes, the political
trainers of General Grant, is preparing
for publication an account of a recent
interview with Fred. Douglas, in which
the negro orator avowed himself to he
in favor of Grant for President. That
it is thought will reconcile the opposi
tion of the most extreme of the Radi
cals and make the party a unit. Things
have come to a pretty pass, when the
.preference of a negro is to decide who
shall be the candidate of the Republi
can party.
TILE reply of Senator Doolittle to Ne
vada Nye in the Bump Senate on Fri
.day last, when the latter impudently
asked him " under which flag he would
march," should immortalize the Wis
consin patriot. "I 'WOULD ItARCII,'P
said he, "UNDER A FLAG HAVING
TIIIRTY•SEVEN STARS." Such a ban
ner, of course, don't suit the Radicals.
They would mutilate the old flag as they
have mutilated the old Constitution,
but. the: people like Senator Doolittle,
don't want a. star blotted out, nor a
:.tripe erased. ' •
THE LANCASTER WEEKLY INTELLIGENCER, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY Q,9, 1868.
Grant As Be Was and As lie Is.
When Lee surrencleredithe shattered
remmg: , of 411 s Awes thai rejoieing
throughout 90 entire N . grth 'was gen
eral and heartfelt. Till masses were
truly glad that the flerYie strif9; which
had made such a heatr and constant
drain upon the blood and treasure of the
nation was over. The return of peace
and the immediate restoration of that
Union, for the preservation of which
such great sacrifices had been made,
was confidently expected. The exultant
joy of the'poPulace was uninterrupted,
except by the discordant curses of a few
extreme Radicals who, even In the glad
hoar of our triumph, were heard
denouncing General Grant for ac
cording generous terms to the van
quished. But the masses fully 'ap
proved what he had done, and Abra
ham Lincoln gave to his acts the fullest
official sanction. When Andrew John
son exhibited an Impulsive vindictive
ness, after the assassinationjof hie pre
decessor, he was , opposed and restrained
by General Grant. That action was
noble and heroic. After Mr. Johnson
had changed his views, so that they ac
corded with those of Mr. Lincoln and
General Grant, the President and he
continued to labor for the restoration of
the Union with perfect harmony of
sentiment. A tour through the South,
taken for the express purpose of obser
vation, convinced Grant that those who
had been leaders in the rebellion were
acting in perfectly good faith, and that
the work of reconstruction on the plan
originated by Mr. Lincoln and adopted
by Mr. Johnson, was proceeding most
prosperously. When asked for an
opinion he freely expressed his views
In favor cf the policy of the President,
and in opposition to that of the Radi
cals in Congress.
That General Grant was honest in
these his earlier acts no one can doubt.
He had no temptation then which could
have induced him to disguise or conceal
the truth. He unquestionably acted
and spoke from sincere convictions.
What a change has since come over
him ! Tempted by thealluring prize of
a Presidential nomination, he has sub
mitted to be made the tool of a gang of
disreputable Radical politicians who are
willing to hazard the best interests of
the nation for the sake of the spoils of
office. Too weak to dieline the coveted
prize, he lacks tha l sagacity to see
that he throws away all chance of
securing it the moment he allows
himself to be placed upon a Radical
platform. His wonderful reticence has
not been a shield to him. He no sooner
fully consented to allow himself to be
used by the Radicals than he was in
volved by them in a labyrinth of dirty
political trickery from which be did
not come forth without the loss of honor.
He was not only compelled to abandon
the views he had so long honestly held,
but he was forced into a corner from
which he escaped only by deceit and
what looks much like downright lying.
The revulsion in popular feeling is
wonderful. The man whom all men
respected but a short time ago has fallen
very low in popular estimation. The
recent conduct of (len. ;rant cannot be
defended. No mau who is prepared to
.estimate what is truly honorable can
help feeling that he has acted the dis
reputable part of a political trickster.
The reputation which he won as a sol
dier has been sadly tarnished, and, if
he should be the candidate of the Radi
cals, he cannot expect to be treated with
any greater consideration by his oppo
nents than Chase or Wade would be.
He will carry the votes of those who
approve of the platform on which he
stands, and not one more. The De
mocracy do not fear him. They feel
perfectly confident that he can be
beaten, and they will have the advan
tage of having him pretty well used up
before the campaign is formally opened.
All that is needed to secure our suc
cess is the exercise of proper sagacity in
selecting candidates. The coming bat
tle is to be fought upon the living
issues of the present year, and we
should take care that nothing be done
by us to enable our enemies to divert
the minds of the people from the great
questions which are stirring the popu
lar mind to its profoundest depths. Our
candidates should be men whose per
sonal and political record cannot be as
sailed. We must strip ourselves of every
impediment In the coming race. If we
do so, our success is absolutely sure.
.......
DO not believe a majority even of
those who have heretofore acted with
the Republican party can shut their
eyes to the consequences which must in
evitably result from the insane policy
which Congress has adopted. The
course which is being pursued toward
the South must result in a huge harvest
of troubles. We of tlke North are en
tirely responsible for the future. The
whites of the South argil, utterly and
completely powerless. They, are quiet
because they are held down by the force
of foreign bayonets. But that man is a
fool who expects they will ever willing
ly consent to endure the degradation of
being forced to submit to the domina
tion of the negro. Every instinct of
their race must necessarily revolt at
such an idea, and the governments now
being framed by the mongrel conven
tions which are the laughing stock of
the civilized world can not endure any
longer than they are propped up by
bayonets. The country must continue
to be oppressively taxed to raise many
millions of money annually to support
a standing army if the black barbarians
are expected to maintain the ascend
ency. The moment the white men of
the South are left free to act the days of
the African dynasty will be numbered.
Why, then, should we persist in such
costly folly? Are we prepared to per
petuate in one half of this country a
worse despotism than Poland ever en
dured? If we have no feeling for our
race in the South we cannot help being
moved by our own necessities. How
long can we endure the taxation which
such a state of allbirs must entail upon
us? Let every tax-payer try to cypher
it out.
IT WAS fondly supposed that the sup
plementary reconstruction bill now
pending in the Senate, and which is
the fourth of the series, would be a
duality. It has been discovered, how
ever, that the regal powers which are
therein conferred upon General Grant
can be swept away by a single breath of
the Executive. The law which revived
the grade of general expressly provides
that the officer appointed to fill that po
sition shall command the armies of the
United States " under the direction and
during the pleasure of the President."
By this law, passed less than two years
ago, the President can, at any moment,
designate another general-in-chief.—
The military committees of the two
houses are hard at work to devise some
plan to meet this new difficulty, and in
a few days we may, in the language of
Fernando Wood, expect another mon
strosity to be revealed to the gaze of the
country. The truth is, this whole re
construction policy of Congress is very
much, like aleaky vessel: for every hole
that is patched up two new ones are dis
covered.
FLORIDA began to "do herfirst works"
of reconstruction on the radical basis
by electing as temporary officers an
unbroken gang of negroes. In that she
went just one step ahead of some of the
other Southern States, and so is entitled
to be called the banner Republican
State of the South.
PUBLIC meetings are to be held in
New York and the other large cities to
denounce the recent revolutionary acts
of Congress. All the great business and
commercial interests of the country are
being seriously imperilled by the at•
tempt of the Radicals to ruin the South
and the North together for the purpose
of enabling ' them to elect the next
President by negro votes.
The Reconstruction Ace -
Nye print in another column
anitindnitint to‘ttnrltkeetistructpin 41,
ae palmed thi Rot*. Atis unrirr
'tufty with !rtthich'it wOt suppOrted , *
the Republican member* of tit* body, .
every otte'oethem,;hairilig vt*ii for:it,
forbids the entertainment of a hope
that it will not be. , :passed by the Sen
ate before whom it now goes.
The Act cannot justly be styled as
anything else but an infamous attempt
upon the part of Congress to take into
its own hands, the powers vested by
the Constitution in the three co-ordi
nate branches of the GoVernment, and 'I
to became itself not 'Only the maker,
but also the judge and the executor of
the laws.
The first section enacts that there are
no Governments, republican in form, in
ten States of the Union ; notwith
standing that this is most manifestly
false, inasmuch as four of the States
thus proscribed were among the origi•
nal thirteen by which our Government
was founded and onr Constitution
framed ; and the rest of them were
years ago admitted into the Union, hav
ing complied with the necessary re
quirements, \among which was the
adoption of a republican form of gov
ernment. Indeed, so audaciously un
true is the statement that these States
do not now possess a government " Re
publican in ,form," in the sense in
which the term " Republican " is used
In this connection, and in that in which
it is known to the law, that we are in
duced to suppose that Congress may
have Intended to use itm another sense,
and simply to declare that the princi
ples of the Republican party were not
embodied in the Constitutions of these
States. Viewed in this light, the decla
ration of the act that these ten States
have not governments "Republican"
in form, or that, in other words, they
have not accepted the doctrine of negro
equality and negro suffrage, cannot be
denied; but the people will hardly be
ready to admit that this sort of "Re
publicanism " is a necessary element in
a State Constitution, inasmuch as it is
not found in the laws of those States
whose position in the Union is un
questioned.
The first section of this Reconstruc
tion Act further goes on to say, that the
Governments of these ten States " shall
not he recognized as valid by the execu
tive or judicial power or authority of the
United States;" which injunction has
at least the merit of boldness and novel
ty. We always used to be under the
impression that it;was the function of the
judiciary to interpret the laws, and we
were not hitherto aware that Congress
could deny to the Supreme Court the
power to decide upon the validity of its
legislation, and forbid them from deter
mining disputes between the various
States. We were doubtless misled by
the following verbiage carelessly insert
ed in the Constitution of the United
States. " The Judicial power shall ex
tend to all cases in law or equity arising
under this Constitution, the laws of the
United States &c. ; to controversies to
which the United States shall be a
party ; to controversies between two or
more States."
The remaining sections of this act,
upon which we are commenting, con
fer upon the General of the Army of the
United States the power to appoint and
remove, at his discretion, the command
ing officers of the several military de
partments in the " Rebel" States, and
also to remove and appoint all civil offi
cers acting under the Provisional Gov
ernments in said State, and to do all
acts which were heretofore authorized
to be done by the several department
commanders ; and the President of the
United States is forbidden to exercise
any control over the General of the
Army, whom it has been heretofore
customary to consider as his subordi
nate, the President having been gener
ally understood to be the Commander
in -Chief; whether justly or not, the
following reference to the Constitution
may decide : Section 2 of articled reads
thus: "The President shall be Com
mander-in-Chief of the Army and
Navy of the Unitefi States." It would
seem plain, therefore, that the
powers conferred by this act ou the
General belong of right to the Presi
dent, and that Congress has exceeded
its authority in attempting to divest him
of them. The country will be greatly
mistaken if the President allows his
prerogative to be thus infringed, and an
unavoidable issue between the Execu
tive and the Legislature is therefore
imminent. It is true, however, that this
act practically can do but little harm,
since, if the present General of the
Army acts contrary to the orders of the
President, the latter may exercise his
power to remove him and appoint an
other officer in his place; the act creat
ing the grate of General reading thus:
lJe d Enacted, That the grade of
General he revived ; that the President is
authorized to appoint, with the advice uud
consent the Senate, a General ofthe army
10 be SO:i,eted train among these officers
most distinguished for courage, skill, and
ability ; ,rho, being COMMissioned as General,
may be authorized, UNDER THE DIRECTION
AND DEM SU TU E PLEASURE Or Tile PRESI
DEN In Gaamand the armies of the United
The Actual Service of Black Troops.
There has been such a deal of clamor
about the " loyalty" of the negroes in
the south , and the services rendered by
them in putting down the rebellion,
that the subjoined figures from the
bureau pf colored troops will be inter
esting ;'
Whole liunilier mustered in during
the 169,624
WZIM
Discharged, (principally for physical
disability) 20,236
Died '11.8436
Desertedl4,BB7
..
Killed in action
Missing in action
Transferred to navy
THE determination of the Republi
cans to hold their next State Covention
at Philadelphia, was caused by a state
ment of Senator White, that the Whig
Convention which nominated General
Harrison for President met there. He
thought it would be a good thing to go
back to the old ground. Recent events
have so frightened the Radical leaders
that they see the shadow of defeat in
their pathway, and resort to all sorts of
expedients to keep up their sinking
courage.
The Mississippi Convention has re
ceived and referred a pithy resolution,
that " the dog-tax, gun-tax and poll-tax
are oppressive to the poor whites and
freedmen." This resolution is compre
hensive and expressive. Three objects
of ambition are represented by it—to
keep a dog and a gun, and to vote.
Whether these are in the order of their
importance by the framer of the resolu
tion we cannot tell, but we do not see
why they should stand or fall together.
Going to the Root at Once
With his usual boldness Thad.
Stevens has determined to go to the
root of matters at once. He has intro
duced the following bill making negro
suffrage universal by one sweeping act
of Congress :
Be it enacted, &c., That on all questions
affecting the whole of the United 'States
whose influence may reach to all national
questions, such as the election of President,
Vice President and members of Congress,
every male citizen of the United States
above the age of twenty-one years who
shall have resided ten days within the dis
trict where he offers his vote shall be en
titled to vote for all such national officers
and on all such national questions. This
act shall not affect any municipal elections
or those of chartered companies, butit shall
apply to all State elections. All such elec
tions shall be by ballot.
In support of this bid Mr. Stevens is
preparing a lengthy speech, which he
will attempt to deliver in vindication of
Congressional power in the premises.
THE fashion of administering. oaths
has greatly increased since the recon
struction movement has been in pre
gress. In Cincinnati, every ]poor person
who applies to the charity department
for coal is obliged to tate an oath that
he won't give any of it to anybody else.,
ght Breaklugr-Jhe Hardie Case.
a*Aidle, the,Oltor of . a V . icksbOg .
r›ts arie - ated im*lssiretppi:for
tht publketion Ag certain
leged to tie insurrectionary, in their
cheracteri He iips ordered before.a'
4fitary t .COmmisision by General Oid
for trial . ; a writ of habeas corpus, how
ever, was taken out before the Circuit
Court of the United States for the South
ern District 01 Mississippi. On the hear
ing of the writ the Court overruled the
motion for McArdle's discharge, but ad
banked him to bail ; and he took an 'ap
peal to the Supreme Court of the United
States. =The' question of the power ef
Congress over the Southern States, and
the Constitutionality of the reconstruc
tion acts, are directly involved in the
decision of the case.
As (owing to the large number of
cases before It on the calendar of the
Supreme Court) it would be a long time
before this case was reached in its regu
ar order, McArdle's counsel moved the
Court to advance it on the docket, and
the motion was argued on the 17th inst.
by Judges Black and Sharkey for Mc-
Ardle, and Senator Trumbull and Judge
Hughes for the military authorities. At
torney General Stanbery declining to
appear, because he had given an opinion
to the President adverse to the position
taken by the military authorities in
this case.
Chief Justice Chase the other day de
livered the opinion of the majority of
the Court, deciding that the case should
be advanced on the docket, and the first
Monday in March was fixed for its ar
gument.
The decision thus rendered shows at
least that the majority of the Supreme
Court Is not willing to avoid the con
sideration of the reconstruction legisla
tion of Congress, and is ready to give
an early opinion as to its Constitution
ality. The decision also affords further
confirmation for the surmise that the
majority of the Court are of the opinion
that these acts are unconstitutional.
Congress will doubtless now hurry
through its measure requiring the
agreement of two-thirds of the Su
preme Bench to declare its enactments
void, and there is as little doubt that
the Supreme Court will speedily declare
that Congress has exceeded its powers
in thus attempting to interfere with the
functions of a co-ordinate branch of the
Legislature; for if this power was con
ceded to it, it would virtually be making
Congress the judge of the constitution
ality of its own legislation, which was
just what the framers of the Constitu
tion intended they should not be.
The Federalist ou this point says
(p. 370.) "From a body, which had
even a partial agency In passing bad
laws, we could rarely expect a disposi
tion to temper and moderate them in
the application. The same spirit which
had operated in making them, would
be too apt to influence their construc
tion ; still less could it be expected, that
men who had infringed the Constitu
tion, in the character of legislators,
would be disposed to repair the breach
iu that of judges." Which reasoning
seems unanswerable.
As Judge !Woodward said in the:House
the other day, a majority of a Court
has always, from time immemorial, de
cided the questions brought before it,
and the usage, if nothing else, would
give to the practice the force of un
changeable law. Congress might with
the same force, claim the power to re
quire the unanimous agreement of a
grand jury before the finding a bill of
indictment for burglary, or allow a ma
jority of a petit jury to convict a man
indicted for murder.
We are more thau ever now entitled
to congratulate ourselves upon the
wisdom of the founders of our Republic,
in making the construers of the law a
body entirely separate from and inde
pendent of the law-makers. Aslong as
the power and independence of the Su
' preme Court is upheld, while we may
temporarily sutler from rash and in
iquitous legislation, yet we have an
ever ready means of extricating our
selves finally from its control. We
! rejoice now that the indications aflbrded
to us by the action of the Court in the
McArdle '.case are such as to lead us to
indulge in a lively hope that Radical
legislation is about to receive its death
blow, and that our statute books are not
much longer to be disgraced by the ins
! print of the so-called "Reconstruction"
acts.
Itanhelm In the Field
We notice that the young member of
the House of Representatives from
Manheim township, this county, has
made his debut in one of those silly at
tacks so fashionable in these times upon
the President of the United States. Of
course in discussing the question of dis
missal of a Secretary and Constitutional
Adviser of the President of the United
States, it was to have been expected
that our fledgling would have given us
his views at length as to the right of the
Executive of the Government to ap
point and dismiss his official advisers.
This he has not done, but as usual with
the blatant liberty destroyers of the
day lie indulges in personal abuse of
the President. "Accidental President,"
drunkard, and abusive epithets are
strung together for the benefit of his
intelligent constituency in place of
reasons, knowing that this is the kind
of argument that the " loyal heart"
most appreciates. The young man
needs a little good advice. We com•
mend him to a committee of his "loyal"
constituents. Let them at once inform
him that there are very important mat
ters before the country just. now, and
that members of Legislatures require
brains, to be exercised in considering
them well and not to be used as those
of a common scold.
This twaddle about returning the
shots of the enemy's cannon was all
very well in its day. It fired the "loyal
heart" and brought down the house at
a political meeting. No foeman appears
now save the Congress of the United
States. That Congress isstrangling the
life out of the Republic. The Executive
and Judicial branches of the Govern
ment cannot long defer the assertion of
their distinct and separate powers.
Rights clearly belonging to the Presi
dent and Judiciary under the Constitu
tion, have been usurped by Congress.
Here is matter for our Manbeim Solon,
and we commend it to his special atten
tion. Leave such silly stuff as the Pres
ident's' inebriety for less critical times
than the present. Give impartial at
tention to the preservation of our coun
try's liberties, and our word for it there
will be found enough of matter of most
vital importance to throw the question
of the President's condition upon any
special occasion, into the obscurest
shade.
THE Chicago Republican concedes
that the Democracy will carry the fol
lowing Northern States:
States. Elec. Votes.' States. Elec. Votes.
Ohio 21 Pennsylvania cc
New York 33 New Jersey.
Kentucky 11 Connecticut
Maryland: 7
Delaware 3 Total
California 5
That Is a clear ma,
all hope that the Ri
next President, unli
I ority and precludes
dicals can elect the
ss by negro votes.
Wil.L. CUMBACK declines being con
sidered a candidate for the Radical
nomination for Governor of Indiana.
This Will evidently fears an anti-radical
expression of the will of the people nex
fall. He is no doubt convinced that the
State of Indiana will come back to the
Democratic fold again. So CumbaclE 3
very wisely backs down.
IEI=EIEI
T.g! Theraocrats have carried every
town election which has been held re
cently. e.'nt it a little curious that alt
ti:u3 etraws go one way dust now? Can
any sans inan donbt as to which way
the political wind blows?
The Departments of Power. Speech, of Senator Doolittle, in the U. S
' , .A correspondent of th P ' de Sena January 23d.
`PoSt addresses to` .
i t
u M 6. . -- ' - ' . I; \ ,
n. „tioonilimx—Mr. PZeside the,
till, in which he arg the t
___ :presented intheameltdmerlf,myeet.•
dency is a useless o '''' and sli' ld lalinok eis *bather •ConeTetr. is still ree•
abolished • the proper d'Opositatkpf thd solved to subject tioiwilite people qf the
Executive power ofllie natdoil belfigH SO , Sithru. Slat/P 8 iii' t he 4 ° ol P"tion of the
"whatever it , negro race at the point of the bayonet, or
Congress ; because,
it will always be the people, acting for cently expressed will of the American peo
the people." Unfortunately for this -olel,e
r w m i - li e t n hr go ' so ve f ni ar m ni et l l f i y n l i i i o e se ir p S o ta li t c e y s ' in s
argument, the President, as the recent the hands of the white race and of the more
elections have shown, is acting fermate ' civilized portion of the blacks? That is the •
• . 1 naked °lneation. $ if ° ° . •
in.harmony with the will of the ( peep e
' , Sir, liiUy prase hiss egro supremacy over
then aie the iminedlete'rePresenfatives the whites? What reason can you give.
of the people, many of .whom are.lutld- f l i t s y t f 6 ltear wo d i t t l i /re o e f distit i nct answars • to this
lug their seats and voting in direct op- 1 q Fi rs t. B ee . au L t b e n & i ft e ca '
of the South re
position to the expressed opinions of the 1 jetted the constitutional amendment sub
large majority of their respective con i witted by Congress;
Second. Because the negroee are loyal,
stituencies. and the whites disloyal; and
Another Republican authority, the . Third. Because it will secure party as-
New York Tribune, thinks that Con- c l ic-I : n u e ?'
consider the ilraianswer, that the
grass should have the powers now vest- States of the South have rejected the consti
ed in the Supreme Court, and should be 'tutional amendment submitted by the last
the judge of the constitutionality of its ' Congress atheatzisofre7trgn.
iadmtteieglrtores.f.lte South
own
laws, claiming, as of modern ern States rejected that amendment with
growth, the theory that the Supreme great unanimity; but is that any sufficient
Court can nullify an act of Congress by • l e t a fti o n n k fo n r o t t ile i i n do tEe tio fi n rs o t f yTa is ce h , a t[i s a ' It ic n y d!
declaring It unconstitutional, and as- , ment contains one provision which made
setting that Congress has the power to . its adoption impossible by the Southern
deprive the Supreme Court of all su- rpiatallg,.
art at l . e s a o s r t t udnestLtlroyyou chaallnge th f e hp :
•
perv i sion over its legislation, and that sonal honor. It disfranchises from holding
it should exercise it. ' office all the men of the South in whom
We thus find two influential news- • theyi hwaiiiioei:7473.
ever held
e a l v an n y ub o lg e core t i a d t e e n o c r e
—a papers advocating views, the carrying Federal. And disfranchises them for what?
out of which would result in pl ac i ng . For simply doing what they themselves
all the powers of our Government in
had done.loin understand how one may say in ar.
the hands of one body; and this is the gumeut that the leaders should be disfran
chised.
well recognized definition of a despot- But how any
t i r, nai t i t i of . c t o d m e m \ on 1
ism. We have all seen for some time , suppose senseor ii. o p m o m ss7l°le n i t b a r n the o manhood,
pie of t;i e i ' e r
that the National Legislature was at- South to vote to disfranchise men esteemed
tempting to usurp, for a selfish purpose, 1!
themselves, aua a l . to o , ffe i ns f
e n o o t t.
, b v e h t i t c e h r t ti i i i o in 3
the authority of the Executive and Ju- • themselveswere equally i lty, is ' beyonti
(Hefei branches of the Government, but imy comprehension. Yot s the Southern
find we certainly did not expect to any • rore.k I'L'eermaio'CllToenorli
wot to s m e
~,t lizmtrttui
they
t.
citizen of the United States advancing honor, to uproot the affection of years from
the opinion that the welfare and pros- their hearts. You ask them to strike with :
parity of our country would be promoted alin7irlpielunmes an too n t a la tu th r e e
s b i cr , s s? l m ee o s f s a e fr to ie t n „ l e d. w .l l 3 , u s t t
by uniting Executive and Legislative God has made it, honorable men, to save
powers in ono body, and depriving thel
themselves, to save even their lives, would
Judiciary of all control over its action. t n r o e t ac t ery by
ncurth,e,otigziltforofsuseuhcha
provision.unnattral
It has always been held to be a poll- When it was pending before the Senate,
tical axiom that the Legislative, Exec- June 8, 1888, I urged and implored Senators
utive and Judiciary departments ought toai
amendment
en t
t h e
to te e Ve se r p aL te provisions su ifl i
t o t
e f d t a h ,i a , i i .
to be separate anti distinct. Says James voted upon, and I warned the friends of the
Madison in the 47th number of the ' measure that this provision would inevita-
Federalist
Federalist: "No political truth is car- , I)iY State. defeat
fe tu i t t , ssii.rd adoption
onj
majority eve 7e were e Southerndeaf
tainly of greater intrinsic value or is all appeals. The caucus had resolved ; the
stamped with the authority of more
provision, the
, O u La n er rn u c a . t mainly, w
enlightened patrons of liberty od?tellvasretvo
than jected almost l unanimously by ei;ery South
this.r The accumulation of all powers, urn State.
legislative, executive and judiciary, in
fitAgttint: w r h o e v t i l , ? o s n ai r n e i ( n u e i d re ndo u r i ti e ,
ncilotose
"i vote ." to
the same hands, whether of one, a few, disfranchise thousands i who have received
or many, and whether hereditary, self- pardon and amnesty. and a restoration to
appointed or elective, may justly be
ia
tin
al l theiros ofPresident
rights
as citizenscounldn anderth plprecl
ris a i:
pronounced the very definition of , dent Johnson, by virtue of a law of Con-
tyranny." press, winch you yourselves enacted,
"h
•
The truth of this maxim of Montes- expressly authorized them to grant such
theyn a t n h t u arresty upon just such terms
quieu that the three great powers of ' it'sarmegint
theroer. An amendment sd
offered bySenatethe 3
government should be kept separate
il d ay, ISM , . to except those men who had
-'. l ' itt o d f.
and distinct, being conceded by the
n p e a ri r d o l n ,,,s aud amnesty under
founders of our Republic, our form of the u go r s e ti e ju v t e lo d •a : , v c o u te n d down
by an unyielding majo ' r s it ' V
government was built upon it by them
as the very corner stone of the founds- iviinewostt.hlpsaplrpoavbilseionviionlaatnioyn-ootifietiLefigliantigntohhsteieuar
tiou. The lessons of history so well ex- faith of this government given to those per- .
emplify its soundness that it seems in- ii ct . i i
r e W r
e the sid u e Lo i s L C s o o n l (3 , ur
Congress
s n s corm. 1 ;
0 ,
, fromposed
credible that any one now should ques- , time to time many ;ebonies, b r ut they mac
tion it ; it seems so clear that we can- , all be resolved into distinct policies, radi
cally opposed to each other.
not expect by any words of ours to add • First. Reconstruction by the Constitu
force to the demonstration which its tional amendment on the white basis.
very proposition suggests. Since, how- Second. Reeonstruction by negro suffrage
ever, the folly of man knows no hounds, and military foreL
, The first assuln' e'
ed that peace had com •
at
and the demoralization of many of the that the Stes were in the Union, with
public men of the country is strongly, governments organized, with Legislatures
evidenced by the attitude of Congressvies , having power o n r i, to
d reject Consti -
on this question, and by such that
t onl amendments;
thosern men , with
were in the furthermore,hands
expressed in leading journals, as we of whit ox c r l , u ag e in ne all the other
States, to admit or to p
have quoted, we think it worth whileAnd, i in case the amend g m m e e n s t were from
suffr age. adopt bythree-fourths of the States, the
to recall the learning of the past, andt p•ae(ei
only effect o
to print the following extract from the,nif
a o n r y e s x t. c...l t u c ding ne•
groes from the ballot
argument of Alexander Hamilton, on
, b ,t e be t r o l l o h u a s nge its number of votes'' would
ut
the
the independence of the executive, of Congress, and in the Elec
toral College.
The
found in number 71 of the Federalist The second assumes that we are still at
" However inclined we might be to insist war; that the Southern States aro not States
upon an unbounded complaisance in the in the Union at all, but conquered provin-
Executive to the inclination of the people, yes, with no Legislatures which can either
we can with no propriety, contend for a like ratify or reject a constitutional amendment;
complaisance to the humors of the Legisla- that the white people of these States shall
ture. The latter may sometimes stand in no longer have any power over the question
opposition to the former; and at other tirnes of suffrage; that Congress by the bayonet
the people may be entirely neutral. In will disfranchise the whites and enfranchise
either supposition, it is certainly desirable, the blacks; and thus by military power and
that the Executive should be in a situation negro votes compel the adoption of a new
to dare to act his own opinion with vigor Union and 'a new Constitution. Because
and decision. they rejected the constitutional amendment
"The same rule which teaches the pro- Congress now resorts to the bayonet and
priety of a partition between the various negro suffrage to compel its adoption.
branches of power, teaches likewise that True, I admit they did reject the amend
this partition ought to be so contrived as to merit. But how did they reject it? By the
render the one independent of the other. votes of their Legislatures. They could
To what purpose separate the Execu- reject it in no other way, for it was only to
tive or the Judiciary from the Legisla- their Legislatures that Congress submitted
tive, if both the Executive and Judi- the question. But how could their Legisla-
Mary are so constituted as to be at the al). flues reject it it' they had no Legislatures
solute devotion of the legislative? Such a at all? If they had Legislatures which
separation must be merely nominal, and could reject it they had Legislatures
incapable of producing the ends for which which could ratify it. To do either is the
it was established. It is one thing to he ! highest act of a State Legislature, for it
subordinate to the laws, another to be de- ! then acts upon the fundamental law not
pendent on the legislative body. The first ! only of its own State and people, but of all
comports with, the last violates, the fonda- the people of the United States. Conceding
mentalprinciplesorgoodgovernment ; and they bad power, as you claim, to reject your
whatever may be the forms of the constitu- amendment, by what shadow of right do
tion, unites all power in the same hands. you deny to those Legislatures power to
The tendency of the legislative authority choose Senators in this body ? As well
to absorb every other has been fully dis- deny to a living body the right to breathe.
played and illustrated by examples in But perhaps you say if they had ratified
some preceding numbers. In gvernments ! the amendment, then they had Legislatures
purely Republican, this tendency is almost I which had the right to vote. But as they
irresistible. The representatives of the ! voted to reject it, they had no Legislatures,
people in a popular assembly, seem some- ' and no fright to vote. In other words, if
times to fancy, that they are the people they voted with you they had a right to
themselves, and betraystrong symptoms of, vote; if they voted against you, they had
impatience and disgust at the least sign of no right to vote at all.
opposition from any other quarter; as if ! Again, sir; all the world knows the whole
the,exercise of its rights,by either:the Execu- object of the war was to put down the re
tive or the judiciary, were a breach of their ' hellion and to maintain the union of States
privilege and an outrage to their dignity.. under the Constitution. Every act and re-
They often appear disposed to exert an hu- solve of Congress, every dollar spent, every
perious control over the other departments ; blow struck, every drop of bloodshed, was
and as they commonly have the people ou to compel the people and the States of the
their side, they always act with such mo- South to live in the Union and obey the
mentu in, as to make it very di ffwult for the Constitution. And now that we have sue
other members of the Government to main- ceeded, now that the people and the States
lain the balance of the Constitution." of the South have surrendered to the Con-
stitution and laws, you say that they shall
We give also the subjoined extract, not live in the Union under this Constitu
on the independence of the Judiciary, [ion at
and e
at alt. T oinoh
They shall e
itt first
tin
r t form
i onunder another
taken from No. 7S of the Federalist, '
another or on amended Constitution.
written likewise by Hamilton : Mr. President, having thus shown 't hat
The complete independence of the courts
this first answer to that question is unrea
of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited I sonable, inconsistent, and absurd, I repeat
constitution. By a•limited constitution, I I the question a second time, Why press this
understand one which contains certain negro domination over the whites of the
specified exceptions to the legislative au-
South? What reason can you give?
thorny ; such, for instance, as that it shall A second answer is, because the negroes
pass no bills of attainder, no ex post facto were loyal and the whites disloyal. Let us
laws,
and the like. Limitations of the kind examine this bold assertion. Is it true?
can be preserved in practice no other way
Were the negroes loyal during the rebellion?
Recall the facts. Who does not remember
than through the medium of the courts of that at least three•fourths of all the negroes
justice; whose duty it must be to declare all
in those States during the whole war did all
acts contrary to the manifest tenor of the CO7l -
in their power to sustain the rebel cause?
stitution void. Without this, all the reserva
tions of particidar rights Or privilege.mould ! They fed their armies; they dug their
trenches; they built their fortitications ;
amount to nothing.
edren. There
Some perplexity respecting the right of they
w led their
re no insurrwomen and chil ections, no uprisings, no effort
the courts to pronounce ligislative acts void,
h ,„, I of any kind anywhere outside the lines of
because contrary to the constitution,
I our armies on the part of the negroes to aid
arisen from an imagination that the doc
! the Union cause. In whole districts, in
trine would imply a superiority of the .Ju
whole States even, whereat) the able-bodied
diciary to the Legislative power- It is
white men were conscripted into the rebel
urged that the authority which can declare
army, the great mass of negroes of whose
the acts of another void, must necessarily
loyalty you boast under the control of
be superior to the one whose acts may be
women, deers id old men and boys, did all
declared void. As this doctrine is of great .
they were capable of doing to aid the rebell
i
importance in all the American :Constitu
c- a a 9 9 f
tions, a brief discussion of the grounds on ton.
which It rests cannot be unacceptable. And, sir, shall we make no allowance for
There is do position which depends on the great mass of the Southern people who,
by force, by terror, by persuasion, by the
clearer principles, than that crow act of a
delegated authority. contrary to the tenor of abandonment of the government, and by all
the excitements, passions, and necessities of
the commission under which it is exercised, is
actual war, wore plunged into that terrible
void. \o legislative act, therefore, contra,,/
conflict by the Radicals of the South as by
to the constitution, can be valid. To deny
a power they could not control ? We all
this, would be to affirm that the deputy is
know the influence over any party or com
greater than his principal ; that the servant
is above his master ; that the represents-
muuity of a small, well-organized minor
lives of the people are superior to the people ity, strong In will and reckless of -conse
themselves; that men, acting by virtue of quenc,es. What have we seen in the Re
powers, may do not only what their powers
publican party itself within the last three
do not authorize, but what they forbid. years?
If it be said that the legislative body are We have seen a comparatively small
themselves the constitutional judges of , number of earnest Radicals reverse and
absolutely overturn from its foundation the
they put upon them is conclusive upon the
their own powers, and that the construction
policy of reconstruction adopted by Mr.
other departments, it may be answered,
Lincoln before his re-election, and sustain
that this cannot be the natural presumtion, ed by the convention which re-nominated
him and the party which re-elected him in
where
ticular ipro t ls not
ions to b in e c the olle constitu m on. ctedfro any par
-1864.• His pelicy was reconstruction upon
visti It is
.
not otherwise to be supposed that the con-
the white basis. The negro was excluded
stitutiou could intend to enable the repre-
altogether.
sentatives of the people to substitute their Even the Wade and Davis reconstruction
will to that of their constituents. It is far bill, which passed Congress by Republican
more rational to suppose that the courts votes, and which Mr. Lincoln refused to
were designed to be an intermediate body be- sanction, but not for that reason, confined
tween the people and thelegislature,inorder, , reconstruction to the white basis alone. It
among other things, to keep tbelatter with- excluded all negro suffrage. It left that
in the limits assigned to their authority. question, whereit belongs, to the white race
The interpretation of the laws is the proper to determine in each State for themselves.
and peculiar province of the courts. A. Upon this subject I quote and adopt the
Constitution is, in fact, and most be, re- language of the Senator from Indiana (Mr.
garded by the judges as a fundamental law. Morton) while Governor of that State:
It must, therefore, bblong.to them to aster- I "I call your attention to the fact that
tain its meaning, as well as the meaning of Congress itself, when it assumed to take
any particular eat proceeding from the I the whole question of reconstruction out of
legislative body. IC there should happen I the hands of the President, expressly ex
to be an irreconcilable variance between the I eluded the negro from the right of suffrage
two, that which has the superior obligation in voting for the men who were to frame
and validity ought, of course, to be pre- the new constitutions for the rebel States."
ferred ;in othei words, the Constitution s a a ,y ought to be preferred to the statute, tlrajn- "If Mr. Lincoln had not refused to sign
tention oi the people to the intention of their that bill there would to-day be an act ofagents. Congress on the statute books absolutely
.Nor does the conclusion by any means sup- I prohibiting negroes from any participation
pose a superiority of the judicial to the legia- I in the work of reorganization, and of piedg
lative power. It only supposes that the power I ing the government in advance to accept of
of the people is superior to both.; and that I the constitutions that might be formed
where the will of the legislature denier- under the bill, although they made nopro
ed its statutes,stands opposition to that 1 vision for the negro beyond the fact of his
of the people declared in the constitution, personal liberty."
the judges ought to be governed by the
latter, rather than the former. They ought I repeat, we have seen a little handful of
Radicals, by their boldness, persistency,
to regulate their decisions by the funds -
1
and force, persuade, cajole, or drive the
mental laws, rather than by those which
great majority of the Republican party
are not fundamental. I away from their own avowed policy of re
construction upon the white basis, and
compel them to adopt the policy of univer
sal negro suffrage, to establish negro gov
ernments, and now, at last to propose an
absolute . military dictatorship in all the
States of the South. I shall say nothing
unkind of the Senator from Indiana; I ad
mit his patriotism 'and eminent abilities,
IN the Eighth District of Chic), Gen.
J. W. Beatty, Republican, has been
elected to Congress in place of Mr.
Hamilton, who was murdered by ari
insane son.
-----
But if anything.' u Ming to demon- One syllogipr, a contains the whole of it:
strata o the wer _ . Radicals have "NV inutl n sa L ys the' Radical, " elett a i l:"
!had , ,itift :' nbli part' next ° tie Thene s, under
tin ' g their
their , we h to point to the leycmets, will vote for our candidate. The
able' "naker froni:, Dina ' himself, once Whites, outraged by our, attempt to put the
i t y
am themost rini advocates of the negro over them, will vote against him.
Li •lanson yet restoration upon I Therefore the bayonet must place the ne
.theWhittf-tinsisos*.boruidhand and Met,' I gro inpower in these States to give us sew
and dragged in , Chains at 'Vie victorious enty electoral votes for President, twenty
chariot wheels to grace the triumph of Senators, and fifty members of the House.
Wendell Phillips and the Senator from All honor to the Radical chief, the great
Massachusetts. Even his great mind now Commoner, who, with all his faults, is too
lends its powerful influence to favor the es- ' great a man to resort to subterfuge or shams,
tablishment of governments based upon 'or attempt to conceal his real purposes In
universal negro suffrage, to hold, it may this legislation.
be, the balance of power in this Republic Some who favor these measures do not
under the control of the bayonets of the admit his leadership. But the truth is, in
regular army. some way or other he does lead or drive the
Again, sir, if it were , true that the-whites i Radical party in the end into the support of
were disloyal during the rebellion, they are , all his revolutionary schemes. Now and
not rebellious now. Rebellions cannot ex- then one shrinks back. More than once I
Ist or continue -without real or supposed ' have seen the "galled Jade wince," but
cause. Slavery, the cause and the pretext ' never fall at the last to obey the lash of her
for the late rebellion, is gone forever. It ' master. Would to heaven It were other
can never be revived. Nothing can incite I wise! Would to heaven that the Radical
another rebellion at the South for they I party could pause and modify its suicidal
have no power to organize one against the I policy I But I fear the majority have be•
Government, and will not have for many I come bound to it—tound hand and foot
years to come., with chains they cannot break ; that, bow
.
WM, ...-
And why, sir; why should they not do- ever much some may regret it or strive to
sire peace? For that rebellion, into which ; conceal regret, political necessities compel
in an evil hour the Radicals of the South von to go on, and right on to the bitter end.
plunged them, they have been punished ' You have staked your all upon it. We
already by the loacritice of all their slave I must live or die by It.
property, valued at three to four thousand I The Senator iron Massachusetts (Mr.
million dollars; by the sacrifice of more Wilson), as if by authority, says: "We will
than three-fourths of all other personal take no step backward." Mr. Colfax, iu
property, probably two thousand millions his recent letter, re-echoes: " Not a, hair's
more; by the sacrifice of their public and , breadth." Such, I fear, is the fatal resolu
private credits—at least a thousand millions [lon taken by the majority.
more; by the depreciation of the value of The result of the recent elections, show
all their real estate at least seventy-five per . ink that a majority in the Northern and
cent—amounting probably to more than Western States is opposed to that policy, so
two thousand million dollars more—making far from changing a resolution from which
in all a sacritice of property, credits, and I the Radical party dare not retreat, is push
values in the Southern States alone of at . ing it on to the madness of despair. It sees
least nine thousand million dollars. that its majority in the North and West is
But there is another bloody and terrible already lost. It dare not exclude the South
page in this account—a page in account in the next election. The South must be
with death. It is estimated there have forced at the point of the bayonet, by white
perished in battle by disease, exposure, or disfranchisement and negrostiffrage, to vote
other cause incident to the war, at least for the Radical, or be will be beaten. The
three hundred thousand able-bodied white I majority in the Northern and Western
men of the South. I take no account of the States against hint must, therefore, be
unutterable anguish of millions of crushed overcome by the negro votes of the South.
and bleeding hearts. No language can ex- I Sir, we shell son if the people of the United
press, no figures measure that! For that I States will allow the regular army, which
rebellion ttm white mau of the South has now controls this ignorant negro vote in the
been most terribly punished ! Nino thou- South, to hold the balance of power in the
sand millions of valves are gone—lost for- Republic and to elect to the Presidency the
ever! Three hundred thousand able-bodied candidate of negro supremacy, upheld by
white men of the flower and strength of the , military despotism. Shall Pretortan bands
South now lie in their bloody or premature I control the Presidency, us in the degenerate
graves! Great God ! Is not this punish- ' days of Rome they set up the empire for
ment enough? Must we go further? Must sale? lam no prophet; but, if not ink
we now punish the white men ot the South taken in the signs ot the times, the Ameri
by placing them under the domination of can people are not prepared for that. Thu
half-civilized Africans? And in order to I Democratic party, everywhere freeing itself
do that shall we punish oursolves by giving from the errors of the past, planting itself
over to stolid and brutish ignorance the po- upon the living issues of the hour, welcoui
liticul of one-fourth of the States, iug into its ranks all who are opposed tot'
and, it may be, tinder the control of the this radical and barbarian policy of sub/-
army the balance of power In the United jecting the States of the South to negro sti/-
States? Shall we Africahlze the South and premitcy by military dictatorship, all whit
Mexicanize the whole Republic? are in favor of maintaining the integrity of
I know these measures of Congress have ' the Union, the rights of the States, and 1-1-re
done much to wound, nothing to heal. Yet, I liberties of the people under the Constitu -
notwithstanding all that Congress has done don, and till who neither admit the doctrine
to embitter their hatred toward the Radical of Southern Radicalism which brought ou
policy, there is neither thought, nor wish, this rebellion, that a State may secede front
nor hope to restore slavery, nor to separate the Union, nor admit that other doctrine of
from the Union, nor of rebellion against the Northern Radical, no less revolutionary
the authority of the government ; all evi- that Congress may exclude or disfranchise
deuce proves the contrary. ' ten States from the Union, are now coming
In the whole rebel army which surer- together upon the platform of the fathers of
dered I challenge any Senator to point me the Constitution, and in the same fraternal
to a single instance in whichthe rebel officer spirit in which it was lormed, rind by which
has violated his parole; or ton single man, alone it can be maintained.
of any position or prominence at the South, . Sir, there aro times when public opinion
who after taking the oath of allegiance has is like a placid stream gently flowing within
violated his plighted faith. , its banks, when slight obstacles may for . a
No man can more deeply feel than Ido time arrest or change or divert its course.
the great ;Ind monstrous folly and crime of Then, it may be said, the voice of the people
that rebellion, which brought so much of is the voice of politicians; the voice of the
agony and of blood upon all parts of our people is the will of a party. But there are
beloved land, which robbed us of our sons other times when the heavens are overcast,
and clearest kindred, and threw a shade of the rains havedescended,and the Clouds have
sorrow over our hearts which will never come that its majestic current rolls on,
pass, away until they cease to heat. But emblem of wrath anti power, when rest,
now that blood had ceased to slow; now Mime maddens its fury and increases its
that three years ot peace have elapsed; strength. Then it overflows its banks. The
now that the whole South bus surrendered, barriers of party caucuses and politicians
and every interest they have or can hope are all swept away :Ind become mere flood
for is to be found under the Constitution ; wood on the surface of the troubled waters.
now that they have in good faith pledged The voice of the people then is no longer the
anew their allegiance, and desire to join I voice of politicians ; then it is that the voice
with us in rebuilding the waste places over- I of the people is the voice of God.
run by this desolating war; now that they I And now, sir, what do we behold? A
have, in loot, ceased to be rebels, why shall I dominant majority in this Senate and in
we continue to denounce Went as rebels, , Congress, under the lead of Northern Reil
and do all in our power to compel them to icalism, at the point of the bayonet forcing
be rebels, and to remain rebels and enemies , negro suffrage and negro governments upon
forever? Is that the way to restore pros- ten States of the Union mid six millions of
perity? Is that the course of wise states- people against their will. What was the
rnanship ? Will that bring permanent . outrage upon Kansas compared to that?—
peace? We seo them practically dissolving the
What do the great examples of history I Union by excluding ten States from the
teach us in dealing with rebellions if not Union, thus doing what the rebellion could
that, after force has been subdued by force, I never do, and what we spent e 6,000,000,000 '
magnanimity is more powerful than re- I and live hundred thousand lives of our best I
verge; that love conquers what hate never , and bravest to prevent. Fur long niontlim
can—the hearts and affections of a people? we have seen them encroaching steadily
When Latium, ono of the Roman pro- , and persistently upon the just rights of
vinces, revolted, and the revolt was put the Executive; and now, to rivet their
down by arms, the question arose in the I chains upon us, and to crown the j
Roman Senate, what shall be done with I whole of their usurpations, they pro-
Latium and the people of Latium? There pose to subjugate the Supreme Court; to ,
were some then who cried, " disfranchise overturn justice in her sacred seat in this
them ;" others said, " confiscate their prop- I tribunal of last resort. They would compel
erty." There were none who said, " sub- the Court whose office it is to hold an even
ject them in vassalage to their slaves." , balance between the States on the one hand
But old Camillus, in that speech which and the Federal government on the other, I
revealed his greatness, and made his name tied also between the several departments
immortal, said: "Senators, make them ' of the government, to place false weights
your fellow-citizens,
and thus add to the 'in the balances. They would make the
power and glory of Rome." In this high ; weight of the opinions of three judges in
place, in this Senate of the great Republic favor of the usurpations of Congress more
of the world, outgrowth of the ;civilization j than equal the weight of theopinions alive 1
of all the ages, cannot we, Senators, rise to i judges in favor of the rights of other depart
the height of that great argument? meuts, the rights of the States, and the lib-
At present, what do we behold? NOW that . ertios of the people.
the war is over, now that every rebel has , Sir, we are in the midst of a new rebel
laid down his arms, now that the people of lion, bloodless as yet, but which threatens
the South have unanimously agreed to abol-to destroy the Constitution, end with it the
I
ish slavery forever, toobeythe Constitution, last hope of civil liberty for the world. But
and discharge every duty as citizens of the let us not surrender our faith in the people
United States, the Radicals of the North nor our faith in republican institutions.
have morally begun a new rebellion against , The people everywhere aro coming to the
the Union and the Constitution; for, raising rescue. They are again rising above party
anew the old cry of the Radicals of the and the clamors and denunciations otpar-
South, they now declare that the States of , tisans. Hundreds and thousands of the
the South are outside the Constitution, and earnest Republicans who supported Mr.
that Congress, acting outside the Constitu- Lincoln's administration have already sev-
lion has unlimited power over them as ered their relations to this revolutionary I
over conquered territories. In their blid party. Hundreds of thousands .more are
zeal for the advancement of the negro ' ready to do so and to strike hands with the
they propose to overthrow the Constitu- great mass of the Democratic party to res
tion in order to practically subject the cue the Constitution front this new rebel
white race to the domination of the negro. lion against it.
As men who claim to be the friends of They aro organized everywhere, from
liberty, we have no right to do that. Maine to California, not upon the ead is-
As
Christians who claim to have learned sues of the past, for inglorious defeat. There I
something of forgiveness from the teachings I is too much at stake, and they are too ter- I
of our Savior, we have no right to do that. ribly in earnest for that. But with living
As members of that great Caucasian race I men, upon the living issues of the present, ;
which has given the world its civilization, I they will organize for a victory so complete
we have no right to do that. anti overwhelming that the votes of the nu- j
Ae statesmen who desire to restore the 1 gro States of the South cannot hold the
blessings of peace, we have no right to do balance of power and decide the election
that which would inevitably make eight against them? That same patriotism which
millions of our own race and kindred in our led hundreds of thousands of Democrats to
own laud eternal enemies of the govern- sustain the Republican party in putting
meta. ' down the rebellion of the Southern Itadi•
As statesmen who,with ordinary sagacity, , cals, will now lead hundreds of thousands
should look to the future and possible wars of Republicans to not with the Democratic
with foreign powers, we ought to make party to overcome the no less dangerous
haste to restore sentiments of affection and doctrines of the 'Radicals of the North. They
patriotism in all that vast region, larger are lighting in the same cause of the Union
and richer by far in natural resources than and the Constitution, and for the spirit
England, France, and Prussia all combined. which gives them life.
And I ask, Mr. President, with all the -
earnestness of which the soul is capable. Governor Seymour and Hon. George H.
can any human being conceive of a mess- Pendleton.
urn so well calculated to snake the whole The New York Herald reports that a con
white people of the South, men, sultation of the Democratic leaders was
women, and children, hate and loathe our lately held at Albany in regard to It Pretil t
government, tohate it with a perfect hatred, dentiol candidate. Governor Seymour was
to gather around the family altar upon their present, but persisted in his intention not
bonded knees to curse it, and in the agony to enter the lists. The Herald says "Ile
of prayer to call upon God to curse It, us was willing to be a candidate if his friends
this Radical reconstruction which seeks to chose to urge his claims, but that he was
disfrauchisethe heart aud brainof the South personally apprehensive of the greater
and to subject at the pointebf the bayonet ' popularity of George 11. Pendleton, tor
the white race to the dominion of their lute whom the whole West and South would he
half-civilized African slaves? Instead of a unit. Indeed, :\ Ir. Seymour felt it would
peace it gives them a sword ; instead of I be to the interest of the bemocratic party to
hope it tills them with despair; instead of NM Mr. Pendleton, who had by his avowed
civil liberty it gives them military despot- policy made himself the champion of the
ism. White disfranchisement and negro Democratic platform, with reference to the
domination was the idea which inspired I flounce question." The conclusion of the
and provoked the riot at New ()deans. It conference is said to have been, that the
has arrayed everywhere the blacks and New York delegates in the Democratic
whites in hostility to each other, often re- National Convention shall give Governor
suiting in bloodshed all over the South. It Seymour a complimentary vote, but shall
tends directly to bring on that war of races go for Mr. Pendleton when a formal ballot
which in the West Indies enacted scenes of is taken.
horror to sicken and appal the world. -
That war is now impending over all the Th a d. Steven. on C oogreaa l ona l station.
South—it is only the presence of the Fed- i cry—Are Pantaloons Stationery ?
erul Army which prevents its outbreak During the debate in the House of Rep
upon a gigantic scale—a war which, once resentatives on the Deficiency bill the sub
begun, will end, I fear, in the exile or ex- jest of allowance for stationery to members
termination of the blacks from the Potomac of Congress came up, when Mr. Maynard,
to the Rio Grande. I know the Senator of Tennessee, proposed that all members
from Ohio (Mr. Wade,) in a speech in the should be allowed to draw whatever sta
late canvass, had no fears of such a war or tionery they needed. Mr. Stevens objected
of its results. lie is reported to have said, to this. He said that plan bad been tried
" let that war come; let them fight it out." and had to be changed because some mem-
God grant that war may never come! But, bers procured under the name of stationery
if it does come, no amount of military dis- pantaloons and shirts and shaving soap
cipline can compel the white men of the' enough to last them for years. Some mein-
North to take part in the massacre of their I bers had run up their account fur stationery
own race and kindred. to nearly a thousand dollars. The conclu-
Mr. President, having considered at some sion that pantaloons and shirts and shaving
length the second answer to my question, soap are stationery, to which some of our
and finding that it Is not sustained by the I sapient Congressmen came, is about as son
facts, that it is bad in principle and worsesible and honest asthe conclusion they have
in policy, I repeat the question a third time I come to that the negro should be made the
—why press this negro supremacy over the I superior of the white man. We think if
whites of the South? What reason can Mr. Stevens had reflected upon the value of
you give? Mr. Maynard's proposition to some of his
The leader of the Radical forces—that in- future colleagues he would not have op
exorable Moloch of this new rebellion I posed it. A law that would allow the
against the Constitution. breechless negroes that are coming to Con
. ..
-
"The strongest and the fiercest spirit gress to furnish themselves with pantaloons.
That fought In Heaven, now fiercer by de- , shirts, stockings and boots finder the bead
Beau.," of stationery would be very useful to Mr.
- - - ' Stevens' colored friends and colleagues.
'We recommend Old Thad to reconsider his
action under this new point of view.—Ncia
Yoik Herald.
answers with boldness, and In plain Eng
lish gives the true reason, namely, to secure
party ascendanoy. This Is the third and
last answer which I propose to consider on
this occasion. On the 3d of January, 1867;
Mr. Stevens, in the House of Representa-.
dives, used this language, which I find re
ported in the Globe:
"Another good reason is, it would insure
the ascendency of the UlliOn party. Do you
avow the party purpose, exclaims some
horror stricken demagogue! I do."
The party purpose is here avowed in the
House. In his speeches and letters else
where Mr. Stevens again and again, in
stronger language, avows the real purpose
of this legislation ; to them I mainly refer.
The negroes under the tutillage of the
Freedmen'sßureau, led by Radical emis
saries, or pushed by Federal bayonets, must
take the political control of these States in
order to obtain their votes in the Electoral
College or in the House of Representatives
in the election of the next President. Here
is a reason, and just such a reason as the
bold Radical would give. It is in keeping
with his revolutionary . measurep, and in
keeping with his own revolutionary his
tory.
The lett& of General Pope, when in com
mand of one of the districts, recently pub
ilehed, draws aside the veil and discloses
the fact that the , same party purpose seeks
to control with the bayonet also
Tins argument, for party ascendancy, all
can understand. It is bold, clear and logi
cal. It is the argument of necessity ad-
Oreasing itself to. unscrupulous' sio?ltion.
At empted . Murder of an Army 4iLllcer
by a Soldier.
The Lynchburg (Va.) News of Thursday
says:
Yesterday a private belonging to the com
mand of Lieutenant Colonel T. E. Rose, at
Camp Schofield, called at the quarters of
the colonel and asked to see him. The colo
nel made his appearance in * answer to the
summons, when the soldier, who was arm
ed with his musket, quickly levelled the
weapon at the colonel and tired; the hall
passing between the arm and body, and
through the coat sleeve, but not breaking
the skin. The colonel, after the shot,
promptly grappled his antagonist, and
finally succeeded in wresting the musket
from his hands, and with the butt struck
the soldier a heavy blow over the head,
breaking thelkull. It was at first supposed
the soldier was killed, but he revived some
what, and was placed in the hospital. It Is
not thought he catirecover. No motive was
assigned by the soldier for his murderous
attempt upon the life of his commanding
officer.
A French fisherman recently caught a
carp weighing twenty-eight pounds. A
ring, marked May, 1771, was in its lip.
There is no carping at that evidence of iii
age.
=MIMI
News Itenis,
Twenty-lour millions is tho debt of MIR
souri.
They squelch ghosts Is Connecticut by
fining them $l5 each.
Saginaw, Michigan, makes four hundred
thousand barrels or salt annually.
Thorn le four feet of snow in Lao valleys or
Southern Kansas.
The Democrats have elected their entire
city ticket at Cheyenne.
Radical Egnality—taxing the laboring
man and exempting the rich bondholder.
- - - ------ - - •
Two men have agreed to Fdcate one hun
dred miles on the Hudson river for 131,000 a
Bide.
Mexico pays her President $30,000, which
to $6,000 more than the American President
receives.
The Colorado Login Tatum devotes a largo
portion of its time to the passage of divorce
bills, overy;ono of which Gov. Hall vetoes.
Me'ssrs. Doolitllu , lientinehs
and Attorney General titanbery are to can
vase New Hampshire for the Democracy.
A committee was appointed in the Georgia
Convention to ascertain if ono of the mem
bers had been In the penitentiary,
The members of the North Caroline Re
construction Convention have contented
themselves with eight dollars per diem.
Indianapolis thinks she can raise enough
funds to secure the holding of the National
Democratic Convention there.
Wells, Fargo & Co., refuse to carry tic
mall over the plains if Congress adds prin
ted mutter to puss with the letters.
At a recent local election lit Oranville.
Ohio, the other day, the Democracy made 0
gain a: twenty-two on Thurman's vote.
Massachusetts educates her children at
cost of nine dollars per annum for every
child within its limits.
Mr. Charles Francis Adams has a Mira ry
of ISA° volumes—ti) largest private li
brary iu New England.
The tifty-eight oil refineries in Pittsburg
have a weekly capacity of thirty-one thou
sand barrels.
There is a movement looking toward the
admission of both sexes to the lowa Agri.
cultural College.
The Mississippi Convention elected a
treasurer and tax collectors for the various
counties in the State, on Saturday.
There are already three eandiduten or
(taverner of Georgia under the new polin
iial regime.
Ex Governor Sharkey has been chosen
one of the delegates front Misslitnippi to thy•
National Democratic Convention.
The State of lowa has the gratlfying
honor if being entirely out of debt, a record
it in said, no taller State eon show.
ku burn Erwin, delegate to the Florida
Corrventlon, has beau arrested at Luke City,
for stealing a bottle of whisky.
As an epitaph to the defunct Secriicary
War, in view of Ills broken promises tho
following is reeOlnelld011:
" /lore 11123 (inner:ll tirig.%
.lu,tiee Briar of the United StateSaprene•
Court, Was se feeble that, the other day, he
WEIS taken Into the oourt room till the
shoulders of a negro,
The life of queen Isabella, ot Spain,
said togrow flora and more shameful. I ler
protligacies are no lougur concealed from
her subjects.
At Clermont, ill France, a woman, deter
mined to commit mulolde, recently satura
ted her dices with kureaunu and then sto
Lire to it.
A man unwed Cosgrove has Leen arrest -
oil at Memphis Ott the antemiortom sta
silent of 'Malone, charging him with the lute
attempt at murder Ina court room In that
city.
R. O'Connor, 0 school teacher, lii Rich
mond, was put off the curs for fail
ing to pay an extra ton cents, exacted au
not procuring hie ticket it the station, II t
was frozen to death.
The habeas i•orpus ease In Richmond,
involving the constitutionality of the Rt.
construction acts, CaMO before Judge Under
wood on Saturday, but was postponed tint i I
Wednesday next.
Paul M. Burke shot his wilt at Benning
ton, Vermont, ou Wednesday night, firing
live shots at her, four of which took. eifet•l.
She probably cannot llve. Ile teas enraged
at lwr for procuring a divorce from him.
'When Intoxicated, a Frunclunent wants
to dance, a Merman to sing, a Spaniard to
gamble, all Englishman to eat, an Italian
to boast, a Russian to be alfeetkinnte, an
Irishman to light, and an American to :mike
a speech.
A French savant has discovered that etc,
trlcity will not pass through an absolute
vacuum, and from this fact it is Inferred
that the earth's atmosphere extends marls
fprther front the surface than is generally
supposed.
A lot of whiskey in a distillery at Kings
ton, Calladn, took lire on Sunday, and run
ning through au underground drain set tire
to a wharf, which was destroyed with three
largo warehouses, and partly damaged a
vessel which was lying at the dock.
" Any grime hereabouts?" said a newly
arrived settler to a citizen of flays, in WE,-
tern Kansas. "fi UQNs sn," said the other,
"and plenty of 'em. We have bluff, poker,
euchre, all-fours and monte, and fiat as
ninny others us you'll like to play."
The trial of tleorge W. Cole for the mol
der of L. Harris liiscook, a member of thy•
Constitutional Convention of New York,
In Stanwix Hall, Albany, in Juno last, was
continent:kid in the Albany Court of Oyer
and 'Terminer yesterday.
Tho Locomotives on the Nov York Cen
tral Railroad are to be stripped of all orna
ments, brass or otherwise, and to be painted
a pale brown color. This Is done to ells
unnessary work In cleaning, and will, no
doubt, be appreciated by the orglneers.
Twenty persons, resident of Clarksville,
New York, for some months past have
been purloining coal to 'the extent
. of fifty
tons a month from trains on the Dolaw,.r.•
and Lackawanna Railroad, en route Ili:.
New York. 'the ()Benders were arrested
on Thursday.
At Brampton, Canada, ou Thursday
night, a man recovering from an attack of
delirium tretuens was lying on the floor of
a tavern in front of the fireplaca, whim
some young men entered, covered him body
with shavings and set them fire. The man
was burned to death.
For several weeks the Sptinglield:/,e..d d
k e pi the following; conspicuously at Ow
head of Its local column: "Boy went ad iit
this office." A few days since the editor',
wife presented him with a boy, which,
highly significant way, shows the value iil
advertising.
In the Wisconsin State Senate on Weil
nesday a -esol talon was introduced ileclai
ing the Grand Jury system a relic of barba
rism, recommending Its abolishment, and
instructing; the Judiciary Committee to ro
port a bill for emending the Constitution
accordingly.
Mr. John Henry, of Charlotte, Va., the
Last survivor, Have uric, of the children of
Patrick Henry,and:thelowner of the old fam
ily seat and burial place of the great ora
tor, died at his residence at Bed Hill on the
7th inst., in the seventy-second year of his
age, of paralysis.
Two young Hens of Mr. Mlneir, of Union,
lowa, undertook to celebrate New Year's
Day by tiring a pound of powder In a stump.
Both were killed by the exploalon, and the
father, who Unit knew of the occuputam nl
the children after their death, hum become
deranged at his loss.
The rise orproperty in Washington dur
ing the past hile years has beau nirvelollS.
one house, purchased early in the war by It
Senator for $lO,OOO, Is now held at $4;0,000,
and there is another mansion, belonging h.
another Senator, the purchase price a
which was $15,000), and the price now asked
is $BO,OOO.
'Po prove that it Is possible for marr bid
people to live to a ripe old age, it Western
paper announces the death orn lady at tie'
age Mane hundred and twelve, whose hus
band died two years before at the ripe age
of one hundred and ten. They were French,
and emigrated from Canada West thirty
four years ago
Cassius M. Clay, our Minister to Russia,
creates a sensation periodically in St.
Petersburg by appearing one day with very
white (natural) hair, and the next day wide
Jet black (dyed) locks. Then for a few
weeks he varies 'I hirsute hue- from Llue
black to delicate pea green. Mr. Clay iv
the 'Pittlebat Titmouse or diplomatists.
Mr. James E. Mills, a geologist ofreputc,
declares Long Island, Now York, to be the
result of glacial action, the glacier moving
seaward having crowded up the soft strata
of which the island is composed. Ile also
believes that at the time of this action the
land was sinking, that It has mince been
entirely submerged and subsequently rtse
again.
In the ease of the contested election be
tween the Gentile and Mormon delegates to
Congress from Utah, the tientile candidate.
it is Said, has broght testimony to chow that
his opponent, the Mormon, was elected as
a representative or the foreign State of
Deseret. and that on his endowment by the
church he was compelled to take an oath of
hostility to the United Stat e s.
A partial return of the business transact
ed during the year 1667 by the leading
business firms of Chicago, as made to the
Assessor of Internal Revenue, show that
twenty-one firms transacted a business ex
ceeding two millions of dollars, end seven
tn-
d Y re a d i r an e d x c e s
e e d v e e d n t o y n -s e l -c m rro l" p ° o n r . t w a t' ruia ° l n n e es h s u
of
over half a million.
The Chicago Journal says: Until about
four years ago Cincinnati was the "great
pork market of the world." Since then
Chicago has, in thin as in other respects,
greatlyoutstripped tbatcity. Foroxample,
thus far this season 35,351 hogs have been
received in that market, while in Chicago
the number has been 1,150,0001 Of these
about 750,000 were killed and packed here,
and the rest shipped eastward..
The Paris Rothschild recently had a roy
al shooting party at his country seat, the
peculiar feature of the entertainment being
the engagement of tho celebrated surgeon
Neluton, who presided at a pavilion where
all the wounded hares, pheasants, ,iic.,livere
Conveyed by a regular (nbalance service,
their limbs re -set, their wounds dressed,
and themselves put in condition to serve
another time.
The day after the drawing of the quarter
of a million prize in the Vienna lottery, the
report was set afloat tharttie,fortunatein
dividual was a female panto took in the
Archduke Charles Hotel. She was neither
young nor fair, but yet relieved. a dozen
offers of marriage in the course of one After
noon. She can =eke her selection at her
leisure, as she did draw the prize..