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Inauguration of Washington
BY JAMES PARTON
The first Cougiess, under the present
Constitution, met iu the City of New
York on the Fourth of March, 1789.
That, at least, was the day appointed
for its meeting ; but when the hour had
arrived, it was found that, out of twenty
six Senators, only eight were present,
and of a numerous House of Represen
tatives but fourteen members were in
their seats. 130th Houses adjourned
from day to day, and it was not until
the sixth of April that a quorum of both
Houses was present.
The lint business in order, after the
organizatom, was the counting of the
votes for President and Vice-President,
and thus to ascertain who it was whom
the people had elected to set the new
government in 'notion. The Constitu
tion then required that the person who
had received the highest number of
electoral votes should be the President,
and the person who received the next
highest number should be the V ice-
Presidwit. For the ti rst °nice there was
nothing that resembled competition.
Not only was every electoral vote cast
for General Washington, but, so far as
is known, he was the choice of every
individual voter in every State of the
Union.
When we look over the list of those
who received votes for the Vice Presi
dency, we cannot but be struck with the
transitory nature of political fame. \V ho
bus ever heard of an American politi
cian by the name of John Milton' Yet
John Milton was a man of sufficient
prominence in the Lolled Stales, in
78!). to receive two electoral votes for
the Vice Presidency. (inc Edward Tel
fair received a vote. \V ho was l'elfair?
These two persons are so completely
forgotten that their names are not even
mentioned in the Biographical Die
tionartes. Among the other persons,
nearly forgotten, who received votes
for this office, we lied Benjamin Lin
coln, J ames Armstrong, Robert IL Har
rison, Samuel Huntingdon, and John
Rutledge. The candidate elected was
JOllll Adams, who received thirty-four
votes. John Jay received nine votes
and John Hancock four votes, and the
rent were scattered among the unknown
names just mentioned.
When the result of the election was
proclaimed, a member of the Senate was
uppoiutcll LAI go to Mount Vernon and
notify limn. Washington of his election.
The long delay Which had occurred
while a quoium of Congress was us.
Bumbling was iegarded by the General,
us he himself remarked, in the light of
a "rt.pricvc." lle v. rote to his old cool
panion in arms, General Knox :
"My movements to the chair of n•
II ina will lie acc.impailaiii by 'tailings not
unlike Mt.'ml ' s eiftpro who i, ,roll, to Me
place of lii, liNt•clii Ilia
ill tin, evening et a iii' early consumed in
public cares, to quit a peaceitil abode 'Oran
ocelot or dnliculues, without that how.
potency of political skill, abilities a n d
in
which are necessary to manage
the helm. 1 ion suosibie Unit I UM VIII
barking hue lit tile people, and at good
mune of lily own, on this voyage; but what
returns will ba !Haan for them, Heaven
Monti ran fori , ten. integrity tied liminess
are all I can pi iiinise. These, be the voyage
lung or short, shall IliiVer forsake
although 1 way be deserted by till men; for
of t h e ceusolatons truth are to be derived
from these, under ;my eireutuslances, the
world cannot deprive me."
All I he letters of Washington writle
at Lids period show the unwilffognes:
with which Ice lull his beloved retire
meld to resume t lie control of public
alliurs. It was inure than
it was ilVl2l'mlt/11 null dread. He
distrested his own abilities, our was he
sailelied With every part of the new
Constitution. wo days, however, after
the messenger reached lino with the
official news ()I' his election, he began
his journey to Die seat of gevernment.
journey was a triumphal pro
gress. lie huh scarcely gone beyond
the boundaries of his own estate when
lie was net by a company of Librsomen
from AI, xttitto ia, who escorted rum to
that ancieut town, where a public ban
quet mid been provided for Into. Most
of the faces surrounding the table on
this occasion were those of old friends
and neighbors, and Washington was
deeply moved by this affectionate tri
bute. As he proceeded northward,
people came out into the high ways to
see haul pass, and there was no town Or
village upon the route but appointed its
deputation to welcome and escort him
Baltimore, both on his arrival and de•
pasture, sent forth a numerous caval
cade, and gave hima salute of artillery.
Chester detained him at a public break
fast, and lie passed through Philadel
phia under triumphal arches and hulled
by cheers of the penple. Trenton, where
twelve years beton:, he had wou the first
victory of the Revolution—gave him a
reception which made an ineffaceable
impression upon his mind. The mothers
of the city here gathered at the bridge
over the Delaware, and as he had pass
ed under a triumphal arch erected upon
the bridge, thirteen young girls, clad in
white dresses, and adorned with gar
lands, scattered flowers in his path, sing
ing, as they did so, an ode In his honor.
At Elizabethtown, where a commit
tee of both Houses of Congress, and the
lilayor and Corporation of New York,
were in waiting to receive him, he was
.conducted on board of a magnificent
barge construeted for the Purpose.—
*Thirteen New York pilots, in white
uniform, manned and rowed this ves
sel. A fleet of other boats and barges,
decorated with streamers and ribbons,
followed the stately craft that bore the
President-elect; and as the beautiful
procession glided through the narrow
strait between New Jersey and Staten
Island, other boats, gay with flags and
streamers, sell into line; until, em erg•
lug him the broad harbor, the whole
fleel swept up to the city, while blinds
of music ant patriotic songs were heard
ou every side. Every ship in the bay
;vas dressed as ou festive occasions, and
saluted the General's barge as it passed.
As the Presideut-elect drew near the
landiog-place, there was a ringing of
bells, a roar of artillery, and a shouting
from the assembled multitude, such as
had never before been heard in America.
The Governor of the State received hint
upon the wharf, and there too was Gen
eral Knox and other (soldiers of the
Revolution. A carriage stood ready to
convey Lim to the residence prepaied
for him, and a carpet had been spread
from the carriage door to the boat. As
he intimated a preference to walk, a
procession was formed, which increased
ad the procession of boats had done
upon tile water. Every house by which
he passed was decorated with flags anti
:banners, and bore some kind of emblem
or sentence conUdning a compliment to
himself. To the ladles who filled the
• windows, who waved their handker
.chiefs mid who shed flowers and tears
.before him, he took off his but and
:bowed politely.
This ovation, as we can perceive in
Washington's diary, was rather sadden
ing than cheering to him. lie wrote
in his diary that evening:
"The display ofbonts which attended and
Joined us on this occasion, some with vocal
and some Wi II instrumental inti-ie on
board; the dceorutions of the ships, the roar
Calllioll and the loud acclamations of the
people which rent the skies 88 I• passed
M m
along the wharves, Idled y mind with
sensations as painful (considering the re
verse of this scene which way be the ease
after nll uty labors to do good) us they are
pleasing."
There wasstill some delay. The ques•
tlon arose in Congress by what title
•the President should be addressed.—
Some proposed ' His Excellency ;' oth
ers, " klis Highness;" others, "His
Serene Highness." One party wi s h e d
}aim to be addressed as " His Highness,
the President of the United States of
America and Protector of their Liber
ties." It was, however, wisely conclu
ded, however, after many (lays' debate,
that he should have no title except the
simple mime of his Mike, " President
of the United States."
It was on the 80th of April that the
ceremony of the inauguration at length
took place. At nine o'clock In the
morning religious services were per
formed in all the churches of the city.
I,lixTt.i4.t . tti ..sittkilii;(*Ot
VOLUME 68
At twelve o'clock the military com
panies of New York halted before the •
door of Washington's residence, and,
half an hour after, the procession moved
in the following order : First, the troops;
next, the committees of both Houses of
Congress in carriages ; next, the Presi
dent-elect in a grand state-coach ; next,
his aid-de-camp and his secretary in one
of the General's own carriages; and the
procession was closed by the carriages
of the foreign ministers and a train of
citizens. When the head of the proces
sion had reached the Hall, ithalted, the
troops were drawn up on each side of
the pavement, and between them Gen.
Washington and his attendants walked
to the building and ascended to the
Senate chamber, where the Vice Presi
dent advanced to meet him, and con
ducted him to a chair of state.
The whole assembly sat in silence for
a minute or two, when the Vice-Presi
dent rose and informed General Wash
ington that all things were now ready
for him to take the oath which the
Constitution required; and, so saying,
lie conducted the President-elect to a
balcony, in full view of the people as.
sembled in the street and covering the.
roofs of the houses. In the centre of
this balcony, there was a table covered
with crimson velvet, in the middle of
which, upon a cushion of the same ma
terial, lay a richly bound Bible. The
eyes of a great multitude were fixed
upon the balcony at the moment
when Washington came into view,
accompanied by the Vice President,
the Chancellor of the State of New
York, and other distinguished official
persons. He was dressed in a man
ner which displayed the majesty of his
form to excellent advantage. His full
suit of dark brown cloth was relieved
by a steel-hilted sword, by white Bilk
stockings and silver shoe-buckles; and
his hair was powdered and gathered
into a bag behind, in the fashion of that
day. The crowd greeted him with en
thusiastic cheers. Coining forward to
the front of the balcony, he bowed sev
eral times to the people, with his hand
upon his heart, and then retreated,
somewhat hastily, to an arm-chair near
the table, and sat down.
When all was hushed into silence,
Washington again rose, and came for
ward, and stood In view of all the peo
ple, with the Vlce-President on his
right, and Chancellor Livingston, who
was to administer the oath, on the left.
When the Chancellor was about to be
gin, the Secretary of the Senate held
up the Bible on its crimson cushion;
and, while the oath was read, Washing
ton laid Ills ,hand upon the open book.
When the reading was finished, he
said, with great solemnity of manner:
"1 `.wear; so help me God!"
After which he bowed and kissed the
book. The Chancellor, then, waving
his hand toward the people, cried out:
" Long live George Washington,
President of the United States!"
The preconcerted signal was then
given, and, at once, all the bells in the
town rang a triumphal peal; the can
nons were fired; and the people gave
cheer upon cheer. The President now
bowed once more to the multitude, and
returned to the Senate chamber, where
lie resumed his seat in the chair of State.
When silence was restored, he rose and
began, in a low, deep, and somewhat
Itremulous' voice, to read the noble in
augural address, so full of dignity, wis
dom, and pathos.
Advice to Lady Riders.
We strongly advise a lady, if she val
ues or is attached to her horse, to dis
pense as much as possible with the
canter, at all events on hard roads or
pavement. The movement in a canter
not allowing au equal division of the
weight on the four legs, as in the case
with the trot and walk, shakes his four
legs and is sure 10 break him down
much sooner than would otherwise be
the ease. This fact is exemplified in
the , pectacle usually presented by ladies'
haueks at watering places, which being
almost invariably canterers, generally
"stand over" on their legs and are
termed shaky or groggy.
Trotting, which might not be quite so
elegant or graceful in kipearance for
ladies, has this to recommend it, besides
its great advantage to the horse, that
whereas any one call canter, only a lady
pretty well accustomed to riding can
trot well. • A very slight rise in the
stirrup with every alternate step of the
horse accomplishes the movement; and
in either trot or canter, besides sitting
straight, the closer the rider sits to he'r
saddle the better. 11l hunting it Is ab
solutely necessary to make the saddle
almost part of oneself.
When it is found difficult to make a
horse change his foot in a canter so us
to lead with the right foot, or vice versa,
according to the ordinary riding-school
rules of using hand and leg or whip,
turn him us it to circle toward that side
on which you require the foot to lead ;
he will then put the desired forefoot for
ward to go to that side, In order to prop
himself in turning.
It Is well to habituate oneself to watch
ing the ears of one's nag; they are the
Indicators of his will or intended little
games.
When ashy Iscontemplated, how they
will point forward? When a plunge or
kick is meditated, back they go, lying
nearly flat en the head. When all is
serene, what a pretty congenial little
play will be observed in those Organs,
gently moved back and forward! Where
a shy seems to bepurposed we had better
sit closer, and, taking a tighter hold of
the rein on the reverse side from the
object to be shied at, pull the head away
from that object, and working the bit a
little in the mouth, we get quietly past.
Sometimes the slightest possible touch
of the whip mi the side at which the
alarming object is placed will distract
a horse from his intended shy, the rein
being tightened as above described. If
we fltive time we gently coax our steed
up to examine the object and touch it
with his nose, which is certain to reas
sure hint regarding similar objects for
the future
As a horse that requires punishment
is unsuitable for a lady, she holds the
whip, butt upward, the lash pointing
towards the flank. It is by no means
essential that the whip (or right) hand
should always hang down by her side;
that hand ought always to be available,
to assist in managing the reins.
Should it become necessary to change
the whip from the right hand, the han
dle is passed butt upward into the other
baud, the lash crossing the withers of
the animal so that it cannot see the
whip, which some of the species are ex
tremely clever at watching, and an in
advertent movement of it causing them
to apprehend correction, a sudden and
very uncontrollable dash forward may
be the consequence.
Spurs should be worn only by very
experienced horsewomen ; their misuse
has occasioned most serious accidents.
Some animals there are, very estima
ble in their way, that travel very well
in company; but should they be re
quired to separate and go different ways,
either or both will possibly become ex
ceedingly troublesome, rearing, back
ing or plunging, fighting iu every pus-
Bible manner to get their own way and
join their companion. 0
or course an animal confirmedin such
a habit to a vicious extent, the common
result of his being allowed to master
his rider, would never suit a lady ; but
she may expect to encounter self-will of
that kind in a very mild form, and, if a
good horse-woman and her steed good
tempered, she will easily manage him ;
if nervous, she had better avoid sepa
rating from her companion, where this
fidgety tendency in her horse is known
to exist.
The sound of the voice, used in a
gentle remonstrating manner, has fre
quently a marvelous influence over an
excited horse, especially where he re
cognizes the well known accents of a
kind and beloved mistress. To those
who wish to commence riding, and
some who have had a little practice,
and are not above receiving instruc
tion, a few lessons from a qualified
riding-muster are very useful.—Tins
cy's Magazine for November.
Mrs. Lena Miller was hanged, at Brook
villa, Pa., yesterday, for the murdering o
her husband, by poisoning him severa
months ago.
Tow gutetligence.
Teachers' Institute
Tuesday Afternoon.—lnstitute convened
at the usual hour, and, after music by the
class,
Mrs. P. E. Gibbons briefly addressed us
upon the subject of the necessity for per
fect religious freedom in our schools. The
reading of the Scriptures in our schools, she
thought, by virtually excluding a large por
tion of children (Roman Catholics) from the
benefits of the system, unfortunately gave
their priesthaid a leowerful argument in
favor of sectarian schools of their own,
thereby confirming and perpetuating their
bigotry, and giving the children no oppor
tunity of contact with other ideas, which
they would enjoy in the common schools if
open to them. There was always a ten
dency to enforce too strongly the theologi
cal op•uions most predominant; and some
disputed doctrines have been preached be
fore this Institute. She closed with Jeffer
son's grand denunciation of" every form of
tyranny over the minds of men."
Dr. Keneagy then followed in a lectureon
"Physiology.' lie, like others wh'o• had
addressed us, thought tie had the most im
portant topic—lying, as it does, at the foun
dation of all. In all vitalized organic bodies
there is a tendency to disintegration ; the
means of preventing whicti is the supply of
the constant waste of• material caused by
every act and thought; the desire of the
system for material to replenish itself being
expressed by hunger and. thirst. The kind
of material we arrive at by analyzing the
composition of the body, and having dis
covered the necessary elements, they must
lie furnished in such a shape that they can
be appropriated. The argument that be
cause our first parents lived solely upon the
products of the earth without preparation,
therefore we should also eat our food in
the same manner, is about as reasonable as
that we should also return to their style of
dress. Nevertheless much of our food is
injured in the preparation, and a lecture by
Prof. Blot would no doubt be of great bene
fit here. The statement that bread contains
alcohol is a mistake; the fermentation which
takes place is the saccharine (converting the
starch into sugar) and not the vinous, which
is necessary to produce alcohol. The quan
tity of food necessary for any individual
cannot be pi eseribed, and he must be gov•
erned by the dictates of his own stomach In
that particular. The food should be thor
oughly subjected to the action of the saliva
during mastication. With regard to the
wasting of saliva occasioned by the use of
tobacco, the lecturer said that those who
nestled depletion In that direction, might so
well arrive at the result by the use of tobacce
as In any other way ; those to whom It was
not necessary, were better without It, as It
would damage the syetem, The Doctor
quickly sketched the p ,Cens of digestion,
and closed, announcing his next subject
"Ch•culation or the Blood."
Prof. lialdeman, ou " Natural Science,"
said that the study of Natural Scleuce
teaches definiteness of idea and expres
sion. With the aid of drawings on the
blackboard, he showed the infinite care
necessary to draw the minute distinctions I
between animals apparently similar ; hence
in natural science every result must be
reunited by careful study, and there can be
no jumping at conclusions. Particular at
tention
was given to the lobster, scorpion,
etc., and a reference to the bivalves, under
winch head Comstock received the benefit
of a sharp criticism from the Professor.—
Asking the question, "what is au oyster
late?" some member of the Institute re
sponded " like an oyster," which Prof. 11.
instantly denied, Baying that likeness im
plied comparison. The rapidity and readi
ness with which he handles his stores of in
formation upon all subjects is something
almost mervellous. At the close of the
lecture, by request, he delivered a comic
story,whel was enthusiasticallyapplauded.
"Training the Perceptive Faculties" wits
Prof. Brooks' subject. After alluding to
the theories of the non-existence of au ex •
ternal world, he referred to the different
senses and their relation to each other, and
urged the importance of their cultivation,
that we may become familiar with facts by
actual observation and experiment, for
while science rises above fact, fact underlies
science. Facts are not only valuable as the
basis of science, but for the inherent in
terest they possess. The cricket, for in
stance, lion no voice; nor the Katydid [in
reference to which he said that the female
of this class for once made no noise— a con
ditiQn of things which does not extend to
the higher animals]; among the ants, the
pale-faced tribes make war upon the black
ones, and invariably conquer and enslave
them ; the habits of the bees are also full of
interest [and in this case the males tire the
drones]. The cultivation of the perceptive
is too much neglected; we read books too
much and nature too little. Our fanners
are better observers than oar educated men
—Ow Indian and the Southern negro are
still better. This should not be the case.
Prof. Bailey then took the floor, and be•
gait by giving the audience a pretty sharp
cut on the subject of relishing foolish stories
better than the splendid learning of the
gentleman on his right (Prof. 11,. Ile did
not propose to entertain them in that way,
though he could do that 80»ie ; those who
come simply to be amused are not the
friends of education, and God forgive them
if they had children who could not read de
cently. Ile would compliment them by
giving the best he had, and know they
would listen. Elocution is a line art.—
Raphael did not excel in that his Idea was
beyond that of others, but his expression
was far above them ; Ilogarth expressed
low ideas—Dickens describes low charac
ters; but it Is high art on low:chat actors,—
The simplest reading lesson, well clone, ac
complishes all that any of them have done
the expression of the idea. There is no
ught \vithout contrast and comparlso)
ffid — these must enter into the expression.
We must study things by contrast. It is
absurd that emphasis. etc., must only be
taught in the higher books to the higher
classes; It should be taught from the outset.
[Several examples were introduced, and
the value of a correct expression shown, as
well as the variety of expression obtained
by varying the emphasis on the same sen
tence.] We must learn to draw sharp dis
tinctions, to get at correct expression. This
is difficult of course, because it requires
thought, and there is Just the trouble—we
do too little thinking. Tho lecture was
closed by the Professor reading "The Leap
for Life" in which he gave satisfactory evi
dence of his powers as an elocutionist; his
voice, though not so powerful as Professor
K is better cultivated and more musi
cal. As a teacher ho seems also to be ex-
hellent.
Institute adjourned to 7 I'. M.
Tacm/ay /Cm/mg.—lnstitute was opened
with music by the class—several pieces, of
which, "Ring the Bell, Watchman," was
rendered with most life and spirit, and con
sequently with best effect. It was followed
by all
... , assay—Subject, "The Teacher us nn Ar•
ist," by Vi. 11. (1. Rush. lie started by
(ay ing that he should not use the name of
artist iaa its ordinary sense, however de
sirable a knowledge of drawing and paint•
ing may he to the teacher ; but should prove
that the art of the teacher might stand
pi amity beside that of Raphael or Phidias.
The teacher paints not the forms of heroes
but their virtues; not upon perishable can
vas, but on the unsullied sheets of youth
ful and plastic mind ; that the teacher, us
an architect may build a nobler edifice than
the storied piles of ancient anti modern
tory. He then considered the difference in
the rewards of this, as compared with the
other arts. The works of Raphael must
perish iu final chaos, while that of the true
teacher will adorn the Eternal City. It is
the duty of the teacher to educate physi
cally and morally, and were his efforts in
both directions properly sustained, some of
the learned professions would take their
proper places,as simply special departments
of education. The minister finds his work
in reclaiming that which has been Injured
in the hands of unskilful teachers. The
only reason he could assign for the unpopu
airily of the profession was the universal
antipathy to all that Is good. The reader
had a fine, full voice, but was somewhat
monotonous.
Prof. Brooks, on " The History of Popu
far Education—its Importance, Prospects
and Character," followed. Its Importance,
he said, was no longer debateable ground.
It alone can lift the man above the brute,
trona the 'arson into the individual. Social
eorruplien is partly a result of popular
Ignuiellee. The only basis upon which
this Republic can securely rest is universal
Christian Intelligence. An educated people
alone can rear the temple of Freedom,
beauteous and immortal. We have been
accustomed to boast of our free institutions,
we should rather boast of our free schools.
Education should be universal, practical
and complete. We have three great equal
izers—the Bible, the ballot and the free
school. Common schools aro the glory of
America. He argued the higher merits of
the English, as compared with the dead
languages, and demanded that the higher
education shall be based upon a sound
foundation in the lower branches. Female
education should also be more practical.
The plan pursued at Borne boarding-schools
is calculated to make her education as
artificial as her waterfall. Woman's edu
cation should prepare her for her ordained
position, as the help-meet of her husband.
She was intended to be a worker for God
and humanity, and her education should fit
her for her work. Education should be
completo—phydleal, intellectual and moral.
We want more physical oulture in the
LANCASTER PA. WEDNESDAY MORNING NOVEMBER 20 1867.
world—more capacity for endurance; espe
cially Is this to be considered in its influence
upon spiritual development. The intellect
must be educated also—the perceptions, the
imagination, must be cultivated. But the
perfection of man's nature is in the moral
A philosopher is higher than a gym
nest, a Christian than a philosopher.
We need a higher morality—a purer
religion ; and ours is the work, in a great
measure, to cultivate it. Free education
has reached its present status through
severe struggles; the ignorant, the miser,
the devil, and in some cases the church, op
posed it ; still the good work goes on, and
the spirit of progress now manifesting itself
is full of promise for the future. The
speaker here drew a strong comparison be•
tween the old and the modern school-house
—not much to the advantage of the former;
and, in the form of a dream, gave us an
idea of what it might be in the future. He
believed that the dreams of Progress, like
those of nations, came true [a reference to
emancipation in this connection was greet.
ed with loud applause]. Let the American
people build up their temple of liberty upon
the broad and enduring basis of universal
popular education.
After music, Prof. Haldeman delivered a
lecture upon 'Etymology.' Natural Science
can be applied to etymology. The glottis is
strictly a musical instrument. The Pro
fessor went into a most interesting analysis
of words, and proved himself entirely at
home upon this, as upon every other subject
that he ban taken up. Going back to the roots
in Latin, Greek, Sanscrit, and even Chippe
way, and equally familiar, apparently with
all, his lecture retained the interest of the
audience better than almost any other part of
the exercises. He attacked and demolished
the word "literally"—especially as applied
to translation (which was absolutely impos
sible( and also as used by newspaper cor
respondents, and even in school books. He
quoted the Philadelphia Press and other
papers on this, and said we were a great
people literally speaking. The Professor
seems to have a peculiar distaste for Wil
son's readers,losing no opportunity of giving
them the benefit of his caustic criticism. He
concluded with a selection from Pennsyl
vania German which "brought down the
house."
The President announced the programme
for tomorrow, after which Institute ad
'ourned.
Wednesday Morning.--Institute was
opened withprayer by Mr. Win. Kessler.
Mr. W. C. Shuman then lectured on the
"Methods of Teaching the Alphabet," be
gun by reprobating the practice of teaching
children to sing the letters, a practice which
leaves Its mark upon their subsequent pro-
Tess. Distinct articulation is likewise
Important. In selecting short words to
spell he advised the choice of those which
express an Idea which the pupil can coin
prebend, instancing "buy." lie thought
that the teaching of articulation, pronuncia
tion, emphasis and accent should begin ut
the outset. It is often expedient to use the
stimulus of reward with beginners, Quite
a lively discussion sprung up among a
number of teachers respecting the
ca
tion of words, Prof. Haldeman objecting
to the practice of requiring syllables to be
pronounced which do not really exist in
the word as pronounced, with wh o m the
lecturer agreed on that point. This discus•
sion made the lecture very interesting, and
the bell rang too soon.
Prof. I\ eitgomery followed, on "Pen
manship," beginning with the straight line
(oblique at au angle of fifty degrees) and
the oval, which hedivided into the elements
from which all the letters are combined, as
he proceeded to show. Accurate knowledge
and correct execution can be obtained in no
other way than by becoming familiar with
the elements, and the manner of their
combination. The object in teaching should
be to have what is done, done well ; to have
one form pe , fectly acquired before going on
to another; so that having it once right, it
may be right always. Some of his classes
had been six weeks on the letter u, and it
was time well spent, and would save time
in the end, as each succeeding form will be
more quickly acquired if a correct start is
made. No report of the details of these
lectures would be intelligible, as we cannot
give the forms themselves, nor properly
describe them. Prof. M., however ins made
himself a reputation on this branch which
is a guarantee for the character of his
lectures.
Prof. Bailey gave another lecture on Elo
cution. having arrived at the proper por
tions of the sentence to be emphasized, the
amount of force is the next consideration,
which must 1)0 determined by tire relative
importance of the several subjects. lie also
showed the absurdity of rules governing
the inflection of the voice by the structure
of the sentence showing that it does and
must be varied even with the same struc
ture. The only safe rule is to think; to
understand and feel the sentiment of the
words; to have the spirit and the sense,
and govern the voice accordingly. He gave
as an ex driple a recitation of "The Bells,"
Poe's beautiful poem, his rendering of which
condi:ins our previously expressed opinion
of him as an elocutionist.
Adjourned to 2 o'clock.
Wednesday Afternnon.—lntstitute opened
at 2 o'clock, and Dr. Keneagy proceeded to
lecture upon "Physiology,"his remarks
being directed toward the process of diges•
lion, following the food through the pro
cesses of the stomach and intestines, and
the selection of the chyle front tire refuse ;
then it is poured into the venous system,
and thence through the right auricle and
ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where its
color and character is changed, and back
again through the left auricle and ventricle
and out via the aorta, or main artery, to be
distributed over the body to supply the
wants of every purl of the system,
Prof. Brooks continued his lecture of
yesterday upon the "Perceptive Faculty."
To observe well we must observe minutely
—we should use our eyes more than we do.
He would have an observation class In
school, to recite every dny, to collect and
recite new facts. His special subject to-day
was the cult ivationpf the memory. We lose
time and money for want of this. How
shall we train the memory turd develop Its
two great powers—retaining and re-calling
facts. The primary laws of memory are
those of resemblance, contrast, contiguity
of time and place, cause and effect. The
secondary laws are these : cleanliness of
conception, continuity of attention, fre•
quency of repetition, depth of feeling—the
things felt most we remember longest and
most distinctly. lie alluded to the system
of memories, or artificial memory, and said
that he believed more in natural laws. He
instanced also special artifices for assisting
the memory.
Prof, Halcietnan lectured on "Acoustics"
—the nature and manner of producing
sounds, illustrating it by several surprising
performances upon several musical -instru
ntents, and during the recess which follow
ed, gave an additional illustration, by
playing "Home, Sweet Home" upon the
flute with one hand and an accompaniment
on the organ with the other; when a sug
gestion was made to appoint a committee
for the purpose of ascertaining what the
Professor could not do, to which be replied
that he could not suppress Wilson's readers.
Miss Leonard then read an Essay on
"History and the Methods of Teaching it."
From the great plane of history here and
there starts up a majestic peak. In the
history of every nation are prominent
events, from which branch out successions
of other events controlling and modelling
the whole. To explore the details on every
path would be impossible; but these lead
ing events and their relations and conse
quences may readily be taught. To an
American, first or nil should be the history
of his country, without a knowledge of
which be is unlit for his duties as a citizen.
The teacher should himself be familiar with
historic facts arid with their philosophy as
far its may be; but above all must recognize
the God of History in His Providence and
protecting care.
During the reading Superintendent Wick
ersham entered the Hall and wee received
with applause.
We then had some music, and Professor
Bailey took the Iloor,
and began by giving
further principles with regard to the rising
slide. 'fills morning heosaid that thepoints
positive in spirit, whether in form or not;
Ile now slated that when the idea is direct,
the expression Is direct also, and you have
a straight slide; but for marcasin, irony,
mockery, double meaning, or jest, the ex
pression must be varied by a crooked slide.
In every now department of elocution, we
must classify anew the ideas; and again we
go back to the rule of suiting the sound to
the sense. Abrupt sounds represent abrupt
ideas, and so all through. He said he often
wished that there were no readers—the
pieces were mauled over so often. Children
should not have moral precepts, but stories
which contain and express moral ideas.
The slides and the stress mean more than
any words. Good and beautiful ideas de
mand smooth slides; the reverse demand
something more abrupt and harsh. He
closed by reciting "Lochinvar."
Adjourned to 7 o'clock.
Wednesday Evening.—lnstitute met at 7
P. M.
Mr. A. 0. Newpher moved to reconsider
the vote ot Monday morning fixing the
manner of voting for the Committee on
Permanent Certificates which was agreed to,
and the election ordered to take place in the
Nail. Superintendent Evans appointed as
tellers, Daniel Marple, A. W. Shuman and
-- Shaeffer.
It was moved to reopen nominations of
candidates for Committee on Permanent
Certificates, which was agreed to t and the
following nomination were made; John
M. Peoples, Benj. Ruth and John Moore
Mr. Riddle withdrew his name.
The first address of the evening was then
delivered by Rev. Dr. E. V. Gerhart, on
" The Imagination, and its Product—Art."
The nature of the faculty may be inn - rred
from the derivation of the word—the faculty
of making images, and realizing them in
an outward and visible form. The imagi
nation mediates between sense and reason,
between sensation and thought, the highest
form of generalization; it is the power
which calls up the images it has received
at will or without will. The perfect type
is never found in an individual impression,
but this faculty sees and apprehends it;
and the expression of the itnege thus form
ed is Art. Art is two fold—the mechanic,
or useful, and the fine, or non-useful. Art
is the effect of the inherent tendency of man
to actualize his own thoughts—to fix and
give them permanent, outward and vis
ible form. In the mechanic arts, every
tool or machine is a means to an end
beyond itself, not an end in itself.—
The fine arts, however, are valued,
not as a means to an end, but for what they
are in themselves. Works of fine art are
the highest product of the imagination, be
cause it realizes the idea perfectly in a visi
ble form, which form becomes the bearer of
the idea. The highest results of the fine
arts are, happily, the most easily accessi
ble. The three forms in which the upper
world is manifested to us—the good, the
true, the beautiful; and the beautiful finds
its expression in the sphere of the good and
the true and not of the evil and the false;
and while it has not the useful for an eno,
it yet produces the best effects upou the
mind and the life. •
Mr. I. S. Geist withdrew his saute from
nomination for the Committee on Certifi
cates.
State Superintendent Wickersham deliv
ered a lecture on "Universal Eduention
Necessary in the American Republic"
Education is power; the representatives of
an educated people have won in all the
great struggles of the worll. He here
instanced the triumph of the United States
over Mexico, and that of Prussia over
Austria; ultimately the schools of Prussia
would republicanize Germany. Inventions
are the product of education, and he believed
that the Creator designed man to make the
elements do hits work by the power of a
cultivated intellect. He passed to cur duties
as citizens; it was necessary that our people
should be educated to understand our com
plicated form of government, and vote or
till an oflice intelligently. Our country Is
suffering in every department from the
want of intelligence; hero in Pennsylvania
School Directors have sent reports to the
Deoartinent signed with a murk I It should
be required of men to vote Intelligently,
and not like unlinels. We want univereul
eull'rage and universallntelligence, the
latter being paramount. Education Rhine
can preserve our Republic. lie here closed,
to resume tae subject on another occasion.
After music, Hun. Thos. H. Burrows was
introduced and tad tressed the Institute. lle
argued with the State Superintendent, that
universal etitteutieu is an emsentlid to our
politicul safety. lie strongly combatted the
well known line that " a little learning is a
dangerous thing." He thought if learning
be good as is acknowledged by all, oven a
little thoroughly acquired, must be it good
thing if it be soundly teemed. Leo ruing
should be broad and comprehensive,
not afoul low and contracted as in the fool
or the pedant. He went buck to
the derivation of the word education,
and gave his idea as to what it should be.
If he were a teacher, he would teach obser
vation and description of objects; then he
would render into familier language all
abstract and infamiliar terms; he would
teach definition, not by coinmitting the
meanings of words to memory, but by edu
cating the mind up to the comprehension
of the thing itself'. Education does not mean
the drawing but from the mind of some
thing there existing, but such training of
the mind as will fit him for the acquisition
of knowledge.
The programme for to-morrow was an
nounced and I nstitu te adjourned. Gen.
Frazer, President of the Agricultural Col
lege, and Rev. W. V. (iotwald will deliver
the two first addresses to-morrow evening.
Thursday _for ring,—lnstitute met and
proceeded at once to ballot for the Coin
mittee on Permanent Certificates, which
continued until 91 o'clock, when the tellers
retired to make their count, and the exer
cises proceeded in the interim.
Mr. Marpie opened With prayer, after
which an essay was read by Mr. W. L.
Balentine. Subject—"'text _looks." The
advantage of uniformity of text-books Will
be admitted by every person of common
sense. Too much pains cannot be taken in
choosing the matter and the language. The
textbook should be logical in construction
—leading the pupil from the simple to the
complex. It should avoid the florid style.
The necessity of text books is evident. He
thought it would not be policy for the county
to establish a series of text-books, and that
each district should act for itself'. It
would be better for the pupil to com
mit the whole of the lesson verbatim, if
it could be done understandingly; but to
guard against parrot-like reification, we
nitwit have them use their own language.
A chauge of text books tends to confuse the
child, and should be avoided. Ile con
demned the practice) of making the child's
brain a store-house of facts. The text- book
once chosen should be adhered to until the
pupil has I:teetered it. But the text-book
is only a guide ; we should not accept ideas
because they are in hooks—the nien who
govern are not nien of books, bookworms,
but men of principles. The physiciun or
lawyer who needs to go buck to the text
book for every trifle, will never obtain mini'
practice ; nor will n teacher who uses it text
book In the saute Dimmer over inspire the
confidence of the public.
Prof. Montgomery proceeded to lecture
upon " Penniatieldp," giving fu teller In
etruction lu the impel ples and their con,
binationm, and offering u !sliver model to
the pupil who shall nicks the :nest Improve
ment by this thus next year, to be du er
mined by specimens presented to a con,
mine° of this next Institute.
Mr. B. D. Danner lectured upon the sub
ject of " Exciting Interest among die Pu
pils." lie thought the best method was to
study bow to excite the curiosity of the pu
pil, to win their eat/Huns, and especially
and above all to have the heart of the teach•
er in his work, to take part In the children's
sport and fun, end in everything in Which
their fancy Is interested. The toucher must
have at _hopeful spirit—look on the bright
and not the gloomy side of his prospect)).
After Music, Prof. Bailey proceeded to lec
ture on ' Elocution." Variety on the uncut
phaticmyllables is necessary, as well am force
of emphasis.No consecutive syllables should
he pronounced on the game level. The law
of variety which Is universal In nature, and
without which nature would be dull and
monotonous, extends also into elocution.
He proceeded to Illustrate, both by the votes
and upon the blackboard, the use of the
rising and tailing slides, and showed how
perieet rould be preserved
throughout. same vocal law underlies
music and itiocutioo. lie then read the
"Skylark" In his eloqueut style; which
closed the lecture.
Ott motion, an Auditing Committee was
appointed, as follows: Messrs. B. F. Hill
and J. N. Barr, and Miss Mary E. Watson
'floe result of the election was announced
as follows, the result of the ballot fur com
mittee on Permanent Certificates: New
pher 243, Guthrie 183, Pierce 168, W. C.
Shuman 152, Danner 118, Peoples 100, Miss
Lyle 80, Miss Andrews 33, Miss Musser
36, Miss Thompson 45, Miss Hohnes IS,
Miss Brubaker 48, Gates 20, Moore 18,
Ruth 28, Manila 17, Geist 18 Riddle le.
Messrs. Newpher, Guthrie, Pierce, Shu
man and Banner were announced as the
committee.
Institute adjourned to 2 P. M.
Thursday Afternoon.—lnstitute met and
was opened with music by the class.
Dr. ICeneagy proceeded to deliver another
lecture on " Physiology." The proportion
of blood in the system Is one•fifth of the
weight of the man, and this passes through
the heart once in every four minutes; if the
man's weight is 150 pounds, seven pounds
of blood will be poured through the heart
every minute. lie then passed to the de
scription of the lungs and the operations of
respiration. At each inspiration about 40
inches of cubic air are taken into the lungs,
about one•eighth of their capacity, and
about twenty inspirations in every minute;
one fifth of this air is oxygen, all of which
is not consumed ; this is to guard against
the danger which would arise in an impure
atmosphere.
Prof. C. H. Harding, of the Normal school,
lectured on "The Teacher's Method of
Studying Arithmetic." We learn more of
this science while teaching it than before we
commence teaching. Many thus pick up
their knowledge of it bore and there, and
become very expert without reducing the
study to a system ; how much more could
they have done if they had built up their
knowledge upon a plan or system, He
proceeded to give one plan for this purpose,
Illustrating on the blackboard. Every
teacher should have such thorough know
ledge of the subjects he teaches that if every
text-book on the subject d was destroyed, he
could produce a goo one himself.
Professor Haldeman took up a reference
made to Agasslz describing a fish from one
of its scales, and from that text gave us a
talk upon the orders of fishes, He then
read an article from one of theßeaders, and
in commenting upon it, gave a description
of the uses and combination of lenses in
optical instruments. He did not spare the
aeurditles ancl inaccuracies of the book
from which he read,
Superintendent Evans introduced Lieut.
A. C. Reinoehl, who made an appeal to the
teachers, on behalf of the ladles of the
Monumental Association. Ha stated that
a prize would be given the largest contri
bution in money to the treasurer of the
fund in proportion to the size of the school
—the premium to consist of two fine silk
banners and a national shield.
. .... ..
A recess of ten minutes was taken, and,
after music by the class,
Gen. Frazer, of the Agricultural College,
addressed tile Institute. He had been
teacher Udine he graduated and ever since,
and it was the profession of his choice. He
did not believe in serving an apprenticeship
to two or three professions ; and had there
fore determined to be a respectable teacher
rather than the "rolling stone which
gathers no moss." With the State Super
intendent he believed the common schools
were the safety of our institutions. He
proposed to speak upon the subject of
" Water in the Economy of Nature."
Nature is the first text book from which to
teach the child; the study uf physical nature
is the inotht'r of all science. Without water,
there would be nu plants—without plants,
no animals. It is all-important to organic
nature. Water is the most universal solvent
of all liquids. It is constantly giving oil
vapor at all temperatures. If animals did
not in some way give back the water they
absorb, they would drink the whole earth
dead. The very "instability " of water lathe
very condition of the stability of the order of
nature. Adding salt to water prevents too
free evaporation; also it increases the capa
city of water for receiving heat. Thus the
heat stored away at the equator is carried
toward the higher latitudes, and gives out
this heat to alleviate the cold in the frozen
regions. All historic life is water-life; every
historic nation, so to speak, has been a
water nation. When water flows, not only
do we rind a green strip of verdure, but
a living stream of human life running along
with it. There has never been a great nation
that did not enjoy abundantly all the facili
lies imparted by water. Heroism may be
divided into land heroism and water-h..ro-
Lite on the ocean will teach a man
self dependence. In conclusion, he urged
the teachers to have their pupils observe
and describe nature.
Institute adjourned to 7 o'clock.
Thursday Evening.—lnstitute met and
was opened with music. The hall was
crowded, all the seats being tilled, and
many being content with standing room.
Rev. W. V. Uotwuld proceeded to address
the Institute upon the snblect—" The Con
trust between the living Present and the
dead Past." Compared with the ages that
have gone before it and perhaps to come
alter it, our age Is but a brief moment; and
yet Its opportunities may be so used us to
make It mould the ages yet to come. Time
should be by heartthrobs, nut by minutes;
and in this view men may live really longer
now than ever before. In the present there
Is union and concentration of purpose; In
the past only disunion and distraction, The
connection between individuals in the past
was but slight and limited to small num
hers, owing to limited facilities of commu
nication : to-day men clasp hands front all
quarters of the globe,—time and space are
almost annihilated by steam and lightning.
While in the past many a thought bearing
the Impress of truth was lost in the dark
ness surrounding it, to-day it is heard, and
read and felt by millions. It is a glorious
privilege to live, and think, and write, and
teach in this age; for if what we say, or
write, or teach, be worth anything, the wise
and good of all ages will be our willing au
ditors. In no age of the world have men
appreciated the value of co-operative labor
as today. Our age con accomplish more
than any preceding age. In no age could
the vast 'nouns have been called forth to
crush an iniquitous rebellion as in this na
tion Within the four years of the late war;
for men never understood or practiced the
great principle of union of action. The ef
lectiveness of the church in the pre,ent, as
compared with its non-effectiveness in the
past, is another result of the same princi
pie; while then the denominations warred
against each other to day they co-operate
in extending the domain of Christianity.
Never in the past could such an array of
earnest inen and women, In the great cause
of education, have been gathered together,
and the highest compliment you have paid
yourselves this week, has been your (Bs
missal of a spoiled Yankee! Never tol
erate u man Who is irreverent to God.
The teachers are the unorduined
priests of Goo, only second to the
minister. The great question before
the Christian era was Who and What is
(kid? This was the whole end and aim of
Grecian and Roman philosophy. But it
Was ; for human wisdom can never
find Utl t God. Yet God was known, having
revealed himself to his chosen people. Alter
the advent of Christ, the world studied for
four hundred years to discover his relation
This question was settled and enunciated
by , the Council of Nice. Next came the
question, What is Man? This question too
has been decided by the Christian Church
—their decision being that man is depraved
in himself and free to evil alarm; and by
Christ alone is truly liberated. Next came
the question of titan's relation to God, to
answer which Luther was sent, and well
was it answered. The divine right of Kings
has also been overthrown here, and the
declaration bus gone forth that all men are
burn free and equal. The question which
to day underlies all others, and Is upheaving
society, is whether man is man—regardless
of race ur color.
Everywhere tile struggle is going on.
Russia, Austria, Italy, anal poor Ireland,
though suffering temporary defeat, in pre
paring for the grand blow which shall give
her freedom. Here in America, through
blood and tears, we have struggled up to
the knowledge that man Is man. Hut few
years ago, tour tnlllions of men, women
and children, were bought, and sold, and
bE men, and pi ostituted, and given no rights
--to day, thank Gud, they are free. 'Phis Is
not a 1/Hlll , llli, 1,111 It greet national ques
tion, and I lustre a right to discuss it. To
day in the District oi Columbia, where once
was a slave-pets, rebels are disfranchised
and loyal colored men enfranchised—one
of them may be elected Mayor, and In Ills
official capacity be compelled to ride in the
saute carnage with his Acadency—a com
panionship rather humiliating to the sable
official. I would not have you teach parti
sanpolitics In your schools, but you should
inculcate the Gospel of Christ, and the
principles of and obedience to right govern
ment; and we will all rally round our Com
mon School system, live by it and die by It,
till It achieves its final Victory, and all
nations hail the happy jubilee,
The County Superintendent announced a
concert for tomorrow evening—an opera
In the chorus of which a hundred children
would take part ; the elocutionary enter
tainment expected, by some fortune or
misfortune, we have been disappointed its ;
but we will endeavor to give a good enter
tainment,
General Frazer was introduced, and be
gun his address by saying that, In these
days, the "schoolmaster was abroad," and
he was glad of it, for he had learned some
thing that he could not at home. Ile pro
posed to say a word In behalf of a mute
class of society—on behalf of the education
of the farmer. For some time civilization
has driven him into the background, and
they who live in palaces in the city are apt
to forget that they depend upon the fanner
for their food, and never think of him ex.
cept when they go to grass for a few weeks
in the summer, and go into ecstacies over
the twinkling bells of the distant folds.
The objection to the present system Of edt
ucation is, that it has no direct reference to
the wants of life—that it does not fit the'
pul 41 for active effort or earnest work. We
want to have taught the nature of soils,
plants and animals, and the rela,
Lions which exist between thorn ; hours
may be spent to the very best ads
vantage in giving the pupil some idea of
zoology, botany or geology—not those of
the books, but that which lies around the
schoolhouse and needs only the cultivation
of their powers ofobservation to be read.
It is God's book, and It is strange, and
shameful too, that we give so much more
attention to he books written by man
than to the one written by God him
self. Science Is the handmaid of religion—
God speaks in every relation he has estab
lished between one of his works and
another. The knowledge first gained
by different invasions into the name branch,
collected, compared and classified, and put
into concrete form, as in the books, is in
the most difficult for the child. He must
work up to definitions;
begin by exciting
and satisfying his curiosity, and building
his knowledge upon the basis of observa
tion. Much of our land has been almost
ruined by ignorant attempts atcultivation,
and many of those who did the work have
left their impoverished farms and gone
westward to repeat the operation on
virgin soil. We want to prevent' this;
we want farmers to learn and know how
to raise the best articles in greatest quantity,
from the smallest portion of ground possi
ble ; and he who aids in bringing about this
result is doing work for humanity and for
God. After giving the result of the im
provements in medical treatment and prep
aration of food upon the rate of mortality
in England which has decreased from 1 In
22 to 1 In 44 and in the best part of England
to 1 in 06, ho said that many physicians be ,
'hayed it might be brought down to 1 in SO
—quadrupling the amount of work and
usefulness in the world. In the old coun
tries they are confined—there fs " a lion
in the way "—bat to as the. way Is open,
and we can and will do thing that will as.
tonisla the world.
lie closed with a sketch of the plan, and
NUMBER 46
proposed action of the Agricultural College;
and said that, while many held back, there
were a few who were bidding them go on
and God speed; and these were the true
type of the American farmer.
After music, the Institute adjourned.
Friday Morning.—lnstitute was opened
with prayer by Mr. H. F. Pierce.
Superintendent Evans informed the teach
ers that they could procure sets of mottoes
(a committee to get up which was appoint,
ed last year)by calling upon Mr.McCaskey.
Mr. Riddle presented the subject of the
"Method of 'reaching Grammar." -He
urged uniformity in parsing—giving the
forms on the blackboard. Pupils may
learn to parse by vote—parrot-like, and
not be able to assign any reason for any
point. He would have them know why
everything is done, and let them take no
step without giving the reason. Quite a
lively discussion sprung uprespecting tran
sitive and intransitive verbs, which tilled
up the balance of the alloted time.
Mr. Whltall spoke a few minutes upon
the subject of "Astronomy"—exhibiting a
plain sphere, seeming to be very warmly
interested in the subject, and referring to
the astronomical portion of Jayne's Alma
nac, which was distributed freely among
the audience.
Prof. Montgomery delivered a lecture
upon " Drawing," which he thought was a
valuable thing in schools, both as a method
of illustration by the teacher and as an ex
ercise fur the scholars themselves which
could be made most interesting. He pro
ceeded to give a series of simple lessons
upon the blackboard, beginning with the
straight line.
Mr. Jos. Watson read an essay on "Re
form." Education lies at the basis of all
reform ; the status of a nation may be pred
icated upon the degree of advancement in
its educational system. The millenium has
not arrived ; many things yet remain to be
reformed. Selfishness is at the root of much
of the wickedness in the world. Prejudice
also has her share. Disease, too, has its
effect; a disordered liver or stomach Is at
the root of much evil. The minister and
the professed reformer operate chiefly on the
unpromising material of the formed adult
mind; the teacher, on the contrary, has for
his material the plastic youthful mind. lie
has peculiar opportunities for doing good,
and if he uses them well cannot fail to send
forth a baud of earnest workers for man
and God.
Mr. J. Williams Thorne followed. He
first spoke briefly upon the question of
using the rod in schools, thinking that
humanitarian principles ought to be as far
advanced In schools us in the United States
navy, where flogging has been abolished.
Prof. Haldeman gave us a brief lecture
upon the origin and derivation of the nu
merals, going back to the Sanacrib for them.
Ito recommended the members to take ad•
vantage of the opportunity for astronomy
cal observation this evening, which was
offered by the gentleman who spoke on
that subject this morning.
Institute adjourned to 2 P. M.
Friday ..-1 . /ternoon.—lnstitute opened. at
2 o'clock.
President Evans announced that there
would be a brunch Institute at Columbia
during the holidays.
Dr. Kenengy lectured upon "Physiolo
gy." The brain, heart and lungs form the
great vital tripod, without either of which
man cannot live, The sesquioxide of iron
gives the red color to the blood. Ile ex
plained the effect of detective ventilation in
causing faint ness, and said that the reason
why ladies are first affected was on account
01 the compression of the organs practised
in order to secure a delicate waist. The
lecturer said it was a vulgar error to keep
water ou the stove to purify the atmosphere.
This lecture closed his course, and he
thanked the teachers for their attention
and hoped the result of this locating would
be to make all better men and women than
they had been before.
W. C. Shuman read an essay on the "Im
portance of Early Impressions." lie urged
the importance of the teacher's example, as
well as precepts, in view of the tendency of
the child to imitation, and of the great and
important consequences which may grow
from these early impressions; each form
ing, as it does, the nucleus around which
will gather others of its kind to result in
active good or evil. He referred, first, to
the primary impressions received by the
child from its mother; from her bands it
passes to the teacher, and how careful
should he be to confirm the right-thinking
child, and root out the evil in the more un
fortunate ones. The highest moral idea to
be taught to the child is love of God ; and
if thilif be not taught at home, it is doubly
necessary that it should be inculcated by
the teacher.
Prof. Montgomery proceeded with his
subject of this morning " Drawing"—
giving further illustrations of the manner
of teaching the elements of that art, going
from straight to curved linos, circles, ovals,
and objects combining the straight and
curved line.
Prof. Lluldettoin lectured upon the deri
vation of words, tracing them through their
various forms, and showing how different
their present is from the original foam, lie
traced the same word through different
languages, and the original symbols from
which the letters took form wore also in
troduced.
County Superintendent Woodruff, of
Chester county, made a few remarks, con
gratuktting the Institute In its success, and
wished them still higher results in the
future.
Gen. Frazer was introduced, and gave us
another lecture. He referred to astronomy,
and said the heavenly bodies which we call
far off aro very near. Astronomy Is a
practical study ; it was, too, the very first
science developed among men. After
the baste of astronomy Is in our earth;
upon the shape of the earth all our meas
urements of the distances of the heavenly
bodies are made, and without this we could
never arrive at thorn. lie showed how the
elementary facts and ideas might be suc
cessfully taught to children; lie knew it
could be done, for he hind made the experi
ment successfully. A study is difficult only
because it Is not taken up properly, and
because the mind of the child is not pre
pared for it. There Is a divine simplicity
In everything when properly understood.
Mr. A. O. Newpber, from the Committee
on Permanent Certificates made the follow
ing announcement:
1. All applicants must come with proper
recommendations, duly signed.
2. Must be 21 years of age.
S. Must pass an examination In the
methods of teaching the subject matter of the
several branches required for the Profes•
sional Certificate.
4. Must give satisfactory evidenceof hav
ing studied thoroughly at least two different
works oil the subject of Teaching.
5. M ust be active end ze alous In the cause
of education, and attentive to all the agencies
recognized as promoting the Interests of the
profession.
6. Times of met ling, Ist Saturday In Jan
uary, for all applicants South of Pennxyl
vunia Railroad, and Ist Saturday In Feb•
ruary for all North of the same.
Place of meeting In the High School Room
.n Lancaster, at 10 o'clock A. M.
Institute adjourned to evening.
For further proceeding's ace third page.
iittv lurk gkdtrtrtiorinent,s
L ADIES, TAKE PARTICULAR IVOTICF
THE HEAL VELPAU I'EMALE PILLS
WARRANTED FRENCH.
These Pills, so celebrated many years ago In
Paris, for the rellefof female irregularit les, and
afterwards for their criminal employment in
the practice of abortion, are now offered for
sale for the first time in America. They have
been kept In comparative obscurity from the
fact that the originator, Mr. Ve,pau, is a physi
cian in Paris, of great wealth, and strict con
scientious principles, and has withheld them
from general use, lest, they :should be amp o,yet.l
for unlawful purposes.
In overcoming Female Obstructions, Ner
vous and spinal Affections, Pains iu the Back
and Limbs, Fatigue on slight exertion, Palpi
tation of the Heart, Hysterics, &c., and will
effect a cure when all other means have failed;
and, although a powerful remedy, do not con
tain calomel, antimony, or anything hurtful
to the constitution.
To married ladles and young girls who have
never been regulated, they are peculiarly HUI t•
ed. They will, In a short time, bring on the
monthly period with regularity.
CAOTlON.—Marrled Ladles should never take
them when there Is any reason to believe
themselves pregnant.
Ladles can procure a box, sealed Irom the
eyes of the curious, by enclosing one dollar
and six postage stamps to M. W. MACOMBER,
General Agent for United States and Canaties,
at Albany, N. Y. or to any authorized Agent.
Dr. D. McCoRMICK, Agent, Lancaster.
Sold by all Druggists.
OOFING SLATE—PRICES REDUCED
The undersigned has constantly on hand a
ull supply of Roofing Slate for sale at Reduced
Prices. Also, an extra LIGHT ROOFING
SLATE, Intended for elating on Shingle roofs.
Employing the very best slaters all work will
be warranted lobe executed In the beet man
ner. Builders and others will Bud It to their
interest to call and examine the samples at the
Agricultural and Seed Warerooms, No. 243 East
King street Lancaster, Pa, 2 doom west of the
Court House. GEO. D. SPRECH ER,
dee It trds,w
TROTIREN.,
el .
wnoutams. DEALS", IN
FRENCH BRANDIEs.
WINES, GINS
WHISKIES, &o
No.lB BOUT/I QIIIMN STREET,
(A. few door' below Centre !iguana
LANCASTER, PA'
ra,yl7 1 te
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
BUersisse - ADVicariSichtsurre, $l2 a year per
square of ten lines; 86 per year for eachad
ditional square.
ItisALIZTATZ, PERSONAL PEoPEEPP,and Geri.
max, Anyzarisrerci, 10 cents a line for the
drat, and 5 cents for each subsequent fuser.
Lion.
SPECIAL. Namara inserted In Local Colima,
15 cents per line.
SPECIAL Novo= preoediag . marriages and
deaths, 10 cents per line for first insertion,
and 5 cents for every subsequent insertion.
Btrairisss plane, of ten lines or less,
one year, 10
Business Cards, five lines or less,one
LEGAL AND OTEC 8 NOTUDIS—
EXBOntONV 2.50
Administrators' n0tice5,..............._..2.50
Assignees' notices; • —.—... 2.50
Auditors' notices 2.00
Other "Notices,' ten lines, or leasa
three times 1,50
50 0 m ILES
UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD,
RUNNING WEST FROM OMAHA
ACROSS THE CONTINENT,
ARE NOW COMPLETED
The Union Pacific Italfroad Company have
built a longer line of railroad in the last eigh.
teen mouths than was ever built by any other
company In the same time, and they will con•
tiLue the work with thosame energy until die
completed. The Western Division Is b:ing
pushed rapidly eastward front Sacramento by
the Central Pacific Company of California, and
it is expected that
THIS; ANTIRE GRAND LIVE
to the Pacific will be oven for business In 1170.
MORE THAN ONE-THIRD OF THE WORK
HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE, MORE THAN
ONE-Till RD 01 I'llE WHOLE LINE IS NOW
IN RUNNING ORDER, AND MORE LABOR
ERS ARE NOW EMPLOYED Ul'ON IT THAN
EVER BEFORE. More than
FORTY MILLION DOLLARS IN MONEY
have already beau expended by the two power
ful companies than have undertaken the-enter
prise, and there Is no luck of Muds for its most
vigorous prosecution. When the United States
Government found it necessary to secure tho
comtructiou of the Union Pacific Railroad, to
develop and protect Its own Interests, it gave
the Companies authorized to build it such
ample aid as should render its speedy comple
tion beyond a doubt. The available means of
the Union Pacific Railroad Company, derived
from the Government and its own stockhold
ers, may be briefly summed up as follows:
I.—UNITED SPATHS BON DS
Having thirty yearieto run dint bearing six per
coot. currency interest at the rate of 8111,01) per
mile for 511' miles on the Plains; then nt the
rule of $4;,,000 per mile for 150 'mica through tine
Rocky Moun t.ins ; then at the rate of $32,0(10
per mile for the remaining distance, for which
the United States Uakes a second !ten its security.
The interest oil tilts° bonds Is paid by the
United • totes government, which also pays
the company one-halt tae amount of its bills
In money for transporting its trieght, troops,
mails, ate. 'rho remaining half 01 these bills is
placed to the company's credit., and forms a
sinking fund which tunny fluidly discharge the
wuul, amount of this lieu. Tile claims against
the government since April of the current year
amount to (mica: al one-half times this interest.
2.—FlitsT t‘TUA E BONDS.
By It..n charter the Company IN permitted to
lane un OWO Punt MOrigngli BOLlthi [utile autno
amount an the bo. do leaned ey the government
and no nno r , and only us the road progresses.
The Ti untoen lei Lho buudhoWrrn ere the Mon.
r:. U. Morgan, U.S. Senator from now Yerk,und
the Itou. Oaken torn, Member ul U. S. liouno
. .
or Itetwexentatives, who tiro remiammlblolor the
dell very• of the, but.tln to the Compauy l❑ ac•
eurtluneu with the tot inn of the law.
3.—l'llE LAN! , URA NT.
'lie Ca Mu Pie ltallr ail Company has a
id grant or absolute donation Irian Lila goV-
intent of acres to the tulle oti the llno
too road, witty!' will not he worth less than
NJ pm sere at the lowest. valuation,
CAPITAL H I OCK.
Tut. auti.rized capital of ow union I'itelllo
Hui'fond Company is 811 , 0,000,0J0, of which over
R 5,000,010 hove been fetid on the won't elruatly
done.
M: MBANS BUFFiciEm"ro BUILD TRH
LOAD.
Contra. in for t. u wail.° work of building Ul.l
miles of MA-chins railroad wont from ()mono,
much of Lim count difficult moult-
Cain work, uud embracing every expanse ex
cept. survey Itiv, hove been Made %Vali respond!.
le part les twilit have already finished over COO
Iles), ut the iiverime rate id slxl y . •eight thous-
and and filly-eight dollars (iitlS,o,l4) per mile.
This price includes all necessary shops for con
struction sod repairs In cars, depots, stations
and all other lueldental buildings, and also
locomotives, passenger, baggage and freight
cars, and oilier requisite rullimpstock, to 1111
arnonnt. that :malt not, be less than t. 3,000 per
mile. Allowing the cost, of the remaining ono
hundred und eighty-six ,d the eleven hundred
miles 0.000 tiled to be built by the Tactile CULLI•
pony to be ,S,IIU,WO per mile.
NIE TOTAL COST OF ELEVEN HUNDRED
MILES WILL BE AS FOLLOWS:
Ulf miles, at f:09,058 Qt 12,205,012
Ititt miles, at ER) OW 16,740,000
Ad the U. 'hinds are equal to Malley, and
the Company's own First Mori gage Liouthillavo
a ready market., is r. I.llVe as the
AVAILABLI: Ithi.SOUILOES FUR
13U1L.DINU 1.L1.V1 N HUN DitED
MI I. :
U. P. Bundy
First, Alortgi.g • Boutin
Capital stock paid lu on the work uovir
dune
Laud Urant, 1 OSUMI) acres, at 131.50
per acre
The company lowa out pie facilities for HUT/-
dying any deficiency that may arise In means
or construction. This may be done wholly or
n part by additional subscription to capital
tuck.
Active inquiry lola already been made for a
,ortlou of Ih here landn, and arrangnalonla are
now proposed to offer a part of them for sale.
While their whole value will not he available
for some years to come, they will remain a
very important source of revenue to the Com
pany. Tile lands of the Illinois Central Rail
road Company are selling at iron! Sd to $l2 per
acre, and other land-grant companies in the
West are recylving encal prices fur similar
properties,
The most skeptical hove never expressed a
doubt, that when the Union Plicate Ra i
ilroad s
finished the immense business that must flow
over it, as the only railroad connecting the LWO
grand divisions of the North American could.
neat, will be one of the wonders of railway
transportation; and as It will have no com.
pallor It can always charge remunerative
rat. H. The Racine Mall Steamship Company
o
. New York le now running a regular lino of
is splendid steamer.. between mm Francisco
.ud Chilla and Japan, which Is doubtless the
Conner of other lines, that will ircveise the
'acids Ocean laden with the teas, spices and
-Alter products of lantern Asia. Ixcoptlug
Some very Lunacy or Milky articles, of compara
tively low vitawn, shortness of Lime decides
the direction ol freights and must of the car
goes will hind their natural transit over tile
Unlou Pacific Railroad.
It Is quite withio bounds to nay that tin traf.
Ile will be limitusl only by the capacity of the
Line, and that no other load will lied a double
truck so tierce/4u, y. Ca.lfor W u and Uregon must
not only be supplied with Means 01 transport
fur 1114 pitsmanguis, toll, treasure and other
freights, but the innabltants of Dalcotati, Colo
rad°, U tilt Idaho and Dloulauu will Culatillllll
- with the older litatai almost, entirely by
this road. It will be the umlaute all the great
minlng distritts, which Is only awaiting Ulla
ready ilicatiN 01 coitilitUnleutlon to rceelve
population Unit will develop Da vast mineral
and oilier resources, and which of Itself would
furnish ample business torn railway line.
ittsl.NUS ' , RUM WAY 11U,INE..s1i1.
While the throne h I)Utlitll.9,B of the Company
will be amply remunerative, it In HUH lu the
future, but the local bunluens on the part of the
road In operation Mtn been most natinfuetory.
During the quarter ending_ July 31, au aver
age of 323 miles - of the Union Pantile Rail
road wan in operation. The tiuperiuteudeut.'n
Report, shown the f, Rowing retain,:
EARNINOS.
l'amengers, FrelghL, Telegraph anti
Manx 87M,755 51
TraluiporLailou of Coutraotor'a Ma.
terlaninao Men
Fuel, Repairs, Offices, Conductors,
'irulum,ac $315,1130
NET EAU/SINUS to balance 807,6e8 03
Thu net operating expeunes On the eoriirner.
elal btielneme for the quarter were 8217 UNIT W.
Theaccount for the COMMERCIAL LIUBINErqi
elan& WI rO/10Nyti:
. .
Earningx an May, Julia and July,S7Zi,7ss 5.1
EXperINCH " 237,9(k1
" "
PRIEM
. ,
The amount, of Bonds the Company eau 181M0
on 32 miles, at gle,ooo per mile, is 115,200,0e0. In
terent in gold, three mouths, at U per cent. on
this imin.is ilig,tl,O; acid Piper cent, premium, to
corrcspoud with currency earnings, is 11100,010
—showing that the net earl:Bugs tor this quar
ter were more than four times the infereal on thu
First Mortgage Bonds on this length of road.
...... ......... .
FILCSI MOH 1' UrAUE BON1)
whose principal is so amply provided for, and
w huge u terent is so thoroughly Secured, mast
be classed among the sq/est investments. They
pay
SIX PER CENT. IN GOLD,
..nd are offered for the present at NINETY
CENTS UN TOE DOLLAR, and accrued In
tel est ut Six Per Cent In Currency Irma July 1.
Many parties are taking advantage of the
present high price of Government stocks to
exchange ior the.° Gonda, which are over
FIFTEEN PER CENT, ()HEATER., and, at
the current rate of premium on gold pay
OVER NINE PER CENT, INTEREST.
Subscripthms will be received lu Lancaster
by REED, JlcU RANN & CU., Bunkers.
LANCAST EAU/. NATIONAL BANK,
and In New York at the Company's °Mee, No.
20 Nassau street. and by
CONTINENTAL NATIONAL BANK. No• 7,
CLARK, DODGE& CO., Bankere, No, 61 Wall et.
JOHN J CisCU,& SUN, 13ankere, No. :A Wall at.
and by the Company's advertised Agents
throughout the United tit.tdee, of whom maps
and descriptive pamphlets may be obtained on
pliCaLlol). ROMILIUMCOB should be made In
drafts or oilier funds par in New York, and the
bonds will be sent free of charge by return
express. JOHN J. CISCO, Treasurer,
October 2801, 1807. New York,
—Subscribere through local agents will look
to them for their delivery.
gkgricultural ,goxpletnelits,
TO FARMER,BI
THE AMERICAN PORTABLE
FIELD AND FLOOD FENCE.
THE SIMPLEST,
THE MOST DURABLE,
THE MOST PORTABLE
It ie fitted for Level or Rolling (}round, It.
la easily constructed, and cheap. It rnakes the
most regular fence of rails, and In the-best
substitute for Poet and Rail and Worm Fences
yet discovered. The Patentee has generously
given the right for Lancaster County to the
Lancaster County Soldiers' and Sailors Monu
mental Association, and all those who wish to
assist a patriotic purpose, and at tne same
time receive value for their money, can do so
by calling at the Court House, in Lancaster
city, where they can sea a specimen or this
fence and procure farm rights at moderate
prices. Apply to the undersigned at the Pro.
thonotary's Office, at the Court House, Lan
caster, or at the Odlee of Mel, A. C. Reinoehl.
sop DI Bum.' W. L, HEAR,
.bi•ll3,ol'
.519,518 000
.
21,1L0,W0
MEM
8/,40,1,11.18 14
.8185,780 01