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La Fayette In the American Revolution.
BY JAMES PARTON.
In the year 1730, there appeared in
Paris a little volume entitled, " Philo
sophic Letters," which proved to be
one of the most influential books pro
duced in modern times.
It was written by Voltaire, who was
then thirty-six years of age, and con
tained the results of his observations
upon the English nation, in which he
had resided for two years. Paris was
then as far from London, for all practi
cablB purposes, as New York is from
Calcutta;, so that when Voltaire told
his countrymen of the freedom that
prevailed in England ; of the tolerance
given to the religious sects; of the hon
ors paid to- untitled merit; of Newton,
buried in Westminster Abbey with al
most regal pomp; of Addison, Secre
tary of State, and Swift, familiar with
prime ministers; and of the general
liberty, happiness and abundance of the
kingdom ; Frai.ce listened in wonder as
to a new revelation. The work was, of
course, hninediately placed under the
ban by the French Uovernment and the
author exiled, which only gave It in
creased currency and deeper influence.
This was the beginning of the move
ment which produced, at length, the
French Revolution of 1787, and which
will continue until France is blessed
with a free anti constitutional govern
ment. It began In the higher ciasses
of the people, for at that day not more
than one-third of the French could read
at all, and a winch smaller fraction could
read such a work . as the "Philoso
phic Letters" and the books which it
called forth. Republicanism was fash
ionable in the chateaux and drawing
rooms of Park for many years before
the in•tss of the people knew what the
word meant.
Among the young noblemen who
were early smitten in the midst of a
despotism with the love of liberty was
the Marquis de La Fayette, born in
1737. Few lionilies in Europe could
boast a greater tin tiquity than his. A
century before the discovery of America,
we find the Lit Fayettes spoken of as
an "ancient house " and in every gen
eration at least, one member had dis
tinguis,hed himself by his services to
his king. This young man, coming
upon the stage of life when republican
ideas were teeming in every cultivated
mind, embraced I hem with all the ar
dor of youth and intelligence. At six
teen he refused a high post in the
household of one of the princes of the
blood, and accepted a commission 10
the army. At the age of seventeen he
was married to the daughter of a duke,
whose dowry added a considerable for
tune to his win ample possesidons. She
was an exceedingly lovely woman, and
tenderly attached to her husband, and
he was as fond of her as such a boy
could be.
The American Revolution broke out.
n common with all the high-born re
.publicans of his time, his heart warmly
espoused the cause of the revolted colo •
Mos, and he immediately conceived the
project of goirig to America and fight
ing under her. 1 / a n ner. He was scarcely
nineteen years of age when he sought a
Secret interview with Silas Deane, the
Americau envoy, and offered his ser
vices to the Congress. Mr. Deane, it
appears, objected to his youth.
"When," says he, presented to the
envoy my boyish face, I spoke more. of
my ardor ill the cause than of my ex
perience; but I dwelt much upon the
effect toy departure would excite in
France, and he signed our mutual
agreement."
His intention was concealed from his
family and from all his friends, except
two or three confidants. While he was
making preparations for his departure,
most distressing and alarming news
came from America—the retreat from
Long Island, the loss of New York, the
battle of White Plains, and the retreat
through New Jersey. The American
forces, it was said, reduced to a dis
heartened band of three thousand
militia, were pursued by a triumphant
army of thirty three thousand English
mid Hessians ; The creditof the colonies
at Paris sank, to the lowest ebb, and
some of the Americans themselves con
fessed to La Fayette that they were
discouraged, and persuaded him to
abandon his project. He said to Mr.
Deane:
" Until now, sir, you have only seen
my ardor in your cause, and that may
not prove at present wholly useless. I
shall purchase a ship to carry out your
officers. We must feel confidence in
the future; and it is especially in the
hour of danger that I wish to share
your fortune."
He proceeded at once with all possi
ble ecresy to raise the money and to
purchase and arm a ship. While the
ship was getting ready, in order the
better to conceal his intention, he made
• a journey to England, which had previ
ously been arranged by his family. He
was presented to the British king,
against whom lie was going to fight; he
danced at the house of the minister who
had the department of the colonies ; he
visited Lord Rawdon, afterwards dis
tinguished in the Revolutionary strug
gle ; and he saw at the opera Sir Henry
Clinton, whom he next saw on the bat
tle field of Moumouth ; he breakfasted
with Lord Shelbourne, a friend of the
colonies.
" While I concealed my intentions,"
he tells us, " I openly avowed my sen
timents. I often defended the Ameri
cans. I rejoiced at their success at
Trenton ; and it was my spirit of oppo
sition with Lord Shelbourne."
On his return to France his project
was discovered and his departure for
bidden by the king. He sailed, how
ever, in May, 1777, cheered by his coun
trymen mid secretly approved by the
government itself. On arriving at Phil
adelphia' he sent to Congress a remark
ably brief epistle, to the following effect:
Att..r my sacrifices, I have the right to
ask tw fn 'yore; 'we is, to serve at any own
expen,; the otter, to begin to servo as 11
VOL a II tier.,,
Congress immediately named him a
major-general of the American army,
and he at once reported himself to Gen
eral Washington. His services at the
Brandywine, where he was badly
wounded; in Virginia, where he held
an important command; at Monmouth,
where lie led the attack, are sufficiently
well known. When he had been in
America about fifteen mouths, the news
came of t h e impending declaration of
war between France and England. He
then wrote to Congress that, so long as
he had believed himself free, he had
gladly fought under the American flag;
but that, his own country being at war,
he owed to it the homage of his servi
ces, and lie desired their permission to
return home. Ho hoped, however, to
come back to America; and assured
them that, wherever he went, he should
be a zealous friend of the United States.
Congress gave him leave of absence,
voted him a sword, and wrote a letter
on his behalf to the King of France.
" We recommend this noble young
man," said the letter'of Congress, "to
the favor of your Majesty, because we
have seen him wise in council, brave in
battle, and patient under the fatigues of
war."
He was received in France with great
distinction, which he amusingly de
scribes :
"When I went to court, which had
hitherto only written for me orders for
; my arrest, I was presented to the min
isters. I was interrogated, compli
mented, and exiled—to the hotel where
my wife was residing. Some days after
I wrote to the king to acknowledge my
fault. I received in reply a light repri
mand and the colonelcy of the Royal
Dragoons. Consulted by all the min
isters, and, what was much better, em
braced by all the women, I had at
Versailles the favor of the king, and
celebrity at Paris."
In the midst of his popularity he
thought always of America, and often
wished that the cost of the banquets
bestowed upon him could be poured
into the treasury of Congress. His fa
vorite project at that time was the inva
sion of England—Paul Jones to com
mand the fleet and himself the . army.
When this scheme was given up he
3,lalt?aOtet /nt/etti,q Wee
VOLUME 68
joined all his influence to that of
Franklin to induce the French govern
ment to send to America a powerful
fleet and a considerable army. When
he had secured the promise of this
valuable aid, he -returned to America
and served again in the armies of the
young republic. The success of the
United States so confirmed hiin in his
attachment to republican institutions,
that he remained their devoted adher
ent and advocate as long as he lived.
"May this revolution," said he once
to Congress, "serve as a lesson to op-,
pressors, and as an example to the op
pressed."
And in one of his letters from the
United States occurs this sentence :
" I have always thought that a king
was at least a useless being; viewed
from this side of the ocean, a king cuts
a poor figure indeed."
By the time he had left America, at
the close of the war, he had expended
In the service ofCongress seven hundred
thousand francs—a free gift to the cause
of liberty.
One of the most pleasing circum
stances of La Fayette's residence in
America was the affectionate friendship
which existed between himself and
General Washington. He looked up to
Washington as to a father as well us a
chief, and Washington regarded him
with a tenderness truly paternal. La
Fayette named his eldest son George
Washington, and never omitted any
opportunity to testify his love and ven
eration for the illustrious American.
Franklin, too, was much attached to
the youthful enthusiast, and privately
wrote General Washington asking
him, for the sake of the young and
anxious wife of the Marquis, not to ex
pose his life except in an important and
decisive engagement.
In the diary of the celebrated William
Wilberforce, who visited Paris soon
after the peace; there is au interesting
passage descriptive of La Fayette's de
meanor at the French court:
" He seemed to be the representative
of the democracy in the verypresence
intruding
withthe monarch—the tribune
with his veto within the chamber of the
patrician order. His own establishment
was formed upon the English model,
and, amidst the gayety and ease of Fon
taiubleau, he assumed an air of repub
lican austerity. When the fine ladies
of the court would attempt to drag him
to the card-table, he shrugged his
shoulders with an air of affected con
tempt for the customs and amusements
of the old regime. Meanwhile, the de
ference which this champion of the new
state of things received, above all from
the ladies of the court, intimated clearly
the disturbance of the social atmos
phere, and presaged the coming tern-
Cheerful SUndays.
I can never tell why country clergy
men do not shut up their churches in
summer, and selecting some lovely
grove, there ta/k,uot " preach," to their
people. Where could be the harm of
letting "the Jews" and the "doctrines"
alone till cold weather? and giving
now and then a natural " burst," born
of the woods, and hills, and streams?
Every summer how I long, as I travel
about, and these lovely calm sweet
Sabbaths dawn upon us, to have an
out-of-door church. Nor would it dis
tress my sanctity to see the little chil
dren rambling round us—now listening
to catch a word, now straying off to
pluck a flower, now spell-bound by the
sweet hymn, us the leaves whisper to
each other, "Glory to God in the high
est; peace on earth and good will to
men." No admonishing hand should
be laid by me on their little shoulders
with the petrifying announcement, so
impossible for young childhood to un
derstand, " You must not run—it is
Sunday." " You must not play—it is
Sunday." " You must not iaugh—it is
Sunday."
How can a little child, of four or five
years, keep from " laughing" because
it is Sunday ? How can he keep his
little busy, restless hands folded while
birds are singing and leaves are dancing,
and the brooks are sparkling in the
sunlight, and earth is as fair as his own
sweet, happy face.
Oh, don't make him hate Sunday by
this mistaken method of teaching him
to keep it holy. Don't begin so early
to make him a little hypocrite. You will
soon find in his pocket strings and
balls, and pins, and dead bugs, and
every other surreptitious contrivance to
relieve the horrid tedium of such a
" Sunday." Do you never, my good
sir or madam, get up later and go to
bed earlier ou that day than any other ?
Do you never sleep away its noonday
hours because your mind gets weary
with prolonged reading? Do you never,
under the disguise of a ride, or a beau
tiful Sunday, think it best to go to a
more distant church than your own
chosen one to hear preaching? Doyou,
who exact of your restless child' such
motionless propriety in these hours,
never stray off yourself to discuss warm
political questions, or vexed business
matters, with your next neighbor?
Look closely into these points before
settling your children's programme for
the Sabbath hours.
Should not the Sabbath be "a de
light?" and is this the way to make it
so? Will there not come to children so
managed a terrible rebound of license
and lawlessness when they are out of
leading strings? / think so • and it is
because I think so, because I have so
often seen it, that I beg these Well
meaning but mistaken parents to con
sider a little if what I say may -not be
true. Any thing seems to me prefer
able to this compulsory Sabbathism of
young childhood. Any thing better
than hearing a little child so brought
up say sorrowfully, " oh, dear, it is Sun
day again." Oh, put down that Scott's
Commentary you are already half asleep
over, and take that disgusted, weary
little child by the hand, and walk out
into the fields with it, and show it God's
wonderful workmanship in the varie
ties of trees, leaves and flowers. Do you
call that " wicked ?" I tell you it is
much more wicked to make a sanctimo
nious hypocrite of a littte creature,
whose heart is so bursting with love
and glee that you might as well try to
stop the birds from singing till Monday
as to repress its utterance because "it is
Sunday."
Sunday? why, on Sunday throw
open all the blinds instead of closing
them, as if joy lay coffined and shroud
ed within, as truly it often does with
these mistaken people. -Sunday? why,
on every mantel and table lay bright
odorous flowers. Sunday? always have
something Very nice for the little
palate to mark the day ; prepared on
Saturday if you choose, but have it.
Sunday? why, give your children
twenty kisses on that day over and
above every other day in the week.
Look more smiling on that day. Speak
more cheerfully. Devote yourself to
happifying your house and your child
ren instead of groaning over "Dod
dridge's Rise and Progress," and call
ing yourself "a miserable sinner," as
indeed you are! Try to mend matters,
if you are sincere, by active "piety"
such as this. Let your children look
back from a serene old age upon happy
—happy Sundays; instead of feeling
even at that late day, when its light
dawns upon them, an impulse to escape
its rigidity and tedium. It is because
I love the day and its sweet calm hours
that I ask this. It is because I want
those children to have this home anchor
to keep them from straying into the
paths of lawlessness and license in after
years. It because God is love that I
dread yout teaching your children to
run away from him instead of into his
open arms. FANNY FERN.
Colored Aspirations for Office
It is stated that the Radical parish
conventions in Louisiana are in many
instances nominating negroes as their
candidates for the State Convention. In
East Baton Rouge, Louis Francois and
Marceslin Lange, colored, and G. W.
Regan, white, were nominated by a
large meeting composed mainly of
blacks. In Rapides parish, G. T. Kelso,
colored, is the regular Radical candidate,
opposed by Colonel Cupid Brooks, also
colored, who is an independent candi
date. The Alexandria Democrat says
that there is not a particle of doubt of
the election of the latter.
glioallanomo.
Dobbs and His Difficulties.
(From the Ohio Statesman:l
I am no novelist, and have never
aspired to be, but I claim to be some
thing of a politician.
If there is a loyal man I believe I am
one. I made greatsacrifices during the
war for my country. I did not go to
war because I could not. My private
affairs would not permit it. But if one
person in the United States of America
kept up a more galling fire in the rear
than any other one I am the man. I
have been the mark of the Copperheads.
And besides it has cost me much do
mestic trouble. _
George Washington Harrison Socrates
Clay Dobbs, (that's me) unfortunately
married one Amy Amanda Maria Lou
isa Scraggs, and as old Scraggs was a
Democrat, my Amy has been a follower
of the old rebel sympathizing Copper
head Butternut, and at times the climate
at "Dobbs' Cottage "became somewhat
tropical. But .1-have borne it all like a
Christian.
- - - -
Old Scragge has always been too fast
for me in argument, but when he came
visiting and I held family prayer and
got the old reprobate upon his knees 1
had all the say, and you better believe
I poured grape and canister into Fort
Sumter. Amy was a beautiful girl, and
I married her because I loved her.
Some said I married her for " Dobbs'
Cottage," but that is a copperhead lle.
It is true, her father made us a present
of the farm and cottage, but what of
that? It was his daughter, and she had
a right to it. I was master of the situa
tion until recently. This suffrage ques •
tion involved me in a very serious diffi
culty. I had taken special pains to tan
talize Amy about copperueads, butter
nuts and sympathizers, but when:this
suffrage question came up she gave me
hark upon the Negro equality question.
I defended the best I could, but found
the position was getting untenable, and
so I declared straight out for equality
and went at it upon general equality
principles.
I went my whole length and declared
for outright equality.
Our people had got patriotic and had
admitted Negroes into the public
schools, and I had the honor of moving
first in that important step.
One evening a few weeks ago I came
home and Amy and I had a set•to on the
equality question.
The children had been at school that
day, and each had a negro next to them.
I saw Amy was working her wits, the
result of which was an announcement
that if the children had to associate with
negroes, I should too.
I regarded the threat as an idle boast,
auil thought no more of it.
A few days after this I notified her
that General—and his wife would
dine with us. Her eyes sparkled. I
knew there was mischief brewing, but
could not foresee it.
I advised her that the General, his
wife and I would be at the cottage at
one. And sure enough we were.
And Amy was prepared for us: She
had prepared an excellent dinner, and
met us at the door to welcome us, au•
flouncing at the same time that dinner
was ready.
•
So soon. as we were prepared she led
the way to the dining room, and to my
surprise had spread a large table, and
had a saucy old negro by the name of
Crow, with his wife and two children
that were seated next to our children at
school already at the table. She apolo
gized for her haste in seating her first
guests, assuming that she had concluded
we were not coming, and then proceed
ed to formally introduce old Crow and
the Crow family generally to the Gen
eral and his wife as brother Crow, sister
Crow, master Crow and little Miss Crow.
I felt a good deal like crowing some
myself. My legs began to show unmis
takable signs of elasticity. I felt as if I
could heave out auy six negroes in the
neighborhood. But I fully compre
hended the nature of the situation. The
General's wife was about to explode.
The General, although an earnest Radi
cal, could not suppress his olfactory
from becoming slightly elevated. My
Amy was extremely polite, and chat
tered away apparently in one of her
happiest moods. Old Ciow sat back
with his thumbs in the armholes of his
di .apidated old vest, whilst his wife,
with folded arms, was assuming au air
of maiden innocence.
Amy handed the Generale seat by the
wench, which filled that side of the
table, and hurriedly seated the General's
wife by old gums and ivory. Then
gathering up the children seated tlrem
beside their school-fellows, after which
she took her seat at the head of the
table, and requested me fo be seated at
the further end to wait upon the guests.
Up to this time I had managed well.
But the General's wife arose and re
marked that she did not intend to bear
the insult further. At this time the
General flew into a passion, and accused
me of purposely arranging an insult. I
protested, and accused Amy, and as I
did so old Scraggs stepped in. The
General remarked, "you old butternut,
you are at the bottom of this." My
Amy reminded him that that was her
home, and no one should insult her
father there, and ordered him to leave.
The General called her a dirty huzzy
for insulting his wife, and at this old
Scraggs hit him with the knot end of a
butternut limb. I sprang between them
to protect my guest, when old Crow
placed the General and me upon an
equality. In the melee the wench as
sailed the General's wife, and the fight
became general, Amy in the meantime
expostulating and counselling peace.
Finally we had all succeeded in re
suming our perpendicular positions but
Crow, who was just then the special
object of a charge from the General.
Amy was playing Pocahontas, by
leaning over the old carcass, and suc
ceeded in causing the General to retreat.
She then placed her arms around him
and attempted to raise him. I blew up.
Making a charge upon old manhood, I
ruined a calf skin.
Mrs. Crow patted me on the back
with a chair, whilst the young Crows
set up a regular down South jubilee.
But I cleaned them out. I did, in
deed. The last words I heard from old
Crow, were " You'r no gemman."
Scraggs enjoyed it. Amy was ex
ceedingly sorry, and could not compre
hend what had caused the row. The
General and his wife were oft in a
flurry. .
And was the maddest and mutest
Radical in the State.
I pursued after the General to apolo
gize and explain, and ran into old Crow.
He gave me an exhibition of his "man
hood," and seeing I was flanked, I
wheeled to retreat. "In my haste I en
countered the wench and over we went.
I partially recovered, and started on
all fours, when old Crow came to my
assistance, and by an attack upon the
rear enabled me to make the fastest
time on record.
As I came down the pavement I dis
covered a waving handkerchief. It was
Amy's. •
Scraggs had assumed a belligerent
position, and as I passed him, set Crow
to trotting in the opposite direction.—
He made good time, but nothing in
comparison to what I had done.
Since which time I have been dubbed
"Dexter" by Amy and her father, and
at the least intimation that I intend to
vote the Radical ticket, Amy insists
upon rehearsing her story of i.the race
between Manhood and Radical: I have
partially succeeded in reconciling the
General and his wife, but my suggestion
to play the same joke on Scraggs and
Amy, at their house, brought to the
General's mind such a vivid recollection
of old Crow's muscular powers, that he
concluded that negro equality would
answer for electioneering purposes, but
was a decidedly dangerous experiment
by way of practical jokes. I thought so,
too.
Owing to a disagreeable taste in the water
in the Tombs at Boston, a Cochitate branch
pipe leading thereto was opened, and there
were found no less than ten dead or dying
eels, varying in length from eight inches to
two feet, closely wedged together in the
pipe.
LANCASTER PA WEDNESDAY MORNING SEPTEMBER 25 1867
Prospects in Ohio.
Friends in New York, Pennsylvan
and Washington City writes us as
how goes the battle for Constitutional
liberty in Ohio. We reply, first-rate
an very encouraging. We have pri
vate information from all parts of the
State, and the writers express but one
opinion, and that is that our prospects
never looked brighter. The Republi
cans are desponding. The sentiment is
universal among them that their party
has been wofully mismanaged by its
leaders—that rascality, extravagance
and profligacy with the public money
have been too enormous—that schemes
for expense have been altogether too
frequent—that enormous burtbens have
been heaped upon the people, of which
citizens better able to bear them than
those who have to pay them are exempt
from contributing a dollar—that an
attempt is being made to debauch the
elective franchise by admitting to •its
privileges hundreds of thousands of
ignorant blacks—that the country is
kept in an unsettled state, In disquiet
and turmoil, to force the people to sus•
Min thieves and plunderers in office, and •
prevent exposures of enormous and con
tinued frauds—that it is the design of
interested parties to fasten upon the
country, so that It cannot be shaken off
without upsetting thaGoverntneut, the
present enormous public debt and Its
certain increase. These and other
causes of complaint hang like weights
upon the limbs of the Republican party.
and indispose its members to active ex
ertion. It is as Hit were an aged giant
that had performed his mission, and
wished to lie down and die, but whose
chief retainers clamored for his name
and presence, to keep them in place
and help them to realize plunder for
yet a while, as in the days of his might
and power•.
We know that a great revolution is
going on in the minds of the Republi
can rank and file, and we have assur
ances from our correspondents that in
every neighborhood in the State is this
revolution in progress and doing its
work of disintegration of the Republi
can party. Changesareoccurringdally,
in every locality, against the Radicals,
and if the State of Ohio does not follow
thtit of California, the indications that
appear everywhere as numerous as fall
leaves will Indeed prove to be very
deceptive. The Radical managers are
not ignorant of the signs, and are
putting forth unusual exertions to
save themselves from defeat. The State
is full of imported Radical speakers, and
pamphlets and tracts are spread broad
cast.over the State, while the Radical
presses put forth daily appeals to the
faithful that are indicative of unusual
alarm. The Democrats are active and
hopeful, cheered on by the recent elec
tions, and by the changes they know
are going on all around them in favor
of the party of Constitutional liberty,
light taxes and a frugal and economical
Government. If the Democrats poll a
full vote on the second Tuesday of Oc
tober, the State is theirs. All now de
pends on that.—Oincinndti Enquirer.
Decrease of tile Negro Population in
A correspondent of the New York
lletald, writing from Lynchburg, Vir-
ginia, says :
There can be no question that this
race is rapidly decreasing in numbers.
If my recollection is correct, General
Howard shows by his report that the
decrease among the blacks since eman
cipation is upwards of 1,300,000, and
what I have seen and heard in Virginia
fully confirms the report. Under the
old regime, however severe it may have
been, they had the necessary clothing,
food and shelter furnished them and
their children by their masters; they
hail no thought for the physical essen
tials of life; and, in addition, it was the
highest interest of the master to have
nurtured into healthy maturity the
offspring of the slaves. Now it is vastly
different; the colored people have
flocked from - the country districts,
where they were born and raised, to
the idle revelry and dissipation of the
cities and towns; they are crowded out
of employment, suffer for food and
clothing, become diseased, and in con
sequence, as I am reliably informed, the
number of births have wonderfully
decreased. Add to this the fa c, that the
care and trouble of the children are now
as a general thing thrown upon the
mother, just relieved from thoughtless
slavery, and we have at least a slight
reason for the horrible extentof infanti
cide that has been developed in the last
few years. lam told by gentlemen of
the highest veracity in I he cities through
which I have been,
that this revolting
crime has reached astounding propor
tions.
Negroes Better Than Foreigners
The Radicals are always prompt in
making an issue in favor of negro suf
frage by comparing the negro with the
foreigners who are made voters. The
argument in the State convention in
favor of negro suffrage was that the ne
groes knew as much as the Irish. The
same argument is made in Ohin, and
has as much force against one class of
foreigners as another. General Lee, the
Radical candidate for Lieutenant Gov
erner of Ohio, said, in a recent speech :
I here make the assertion, that the
seven thousand five hundred men of
twenty-one years of age in Ohlo, with
black blood, are better qualified, by
reason of intelligence, to vote than are
seven thousand five hundred white men
in different parts of the State, many
time told.
That is the issue. The negroes are
more intelligent than the foreigners,
Senator Wade puts the issue in a more
direct form. In his Marietta speech he
says:
They come here from a foreign coun
try, and we give them the privilege to
vote when they know no more than the
horse they drive. * * * If you will
take the poor Irishman or other for
eigner who comes here and knows
nothing of your institutions—if you will
permit him to vote after five years rest
denee, then I insist upon the same right
for thi, other class of persons. * * *
As a mass, in my judgment they (the
uegroes) are better qualified to discharge
their duties under thisgovernment than
the great mass, equal to them in num
bers, that we have always permitted to
vote. * * * I am glad to say that
these people (negroes) whom your
Legislature has referred it to you to say
whether they shall be voters or not, are
infinitely above the class (foreigners) I
have alluded to, in all that intelligence
that qualifies men to vote.
Here the issue of intelligence is fairly
put, and it will be well for voters who
had the misfortune to be born in a for
eign country to give it candid consider
ation.—Detroit Free Press.
A New Smuggling Dodge on the Canada
Frontier. •
Inspectors of revenue have reported
to the Treasury Department the dis
covery of another mode of smuggling
dutiable goods from Canada into the
United States, which has been practised
by baggage masters on the railroads.
The fraud is perpetrated by placing
among the baggage, after it had been
inspected, trunks and valises containing
smuggled goods. One case has been
discovered where baggage masters have
been carrying on this species of fraud
for over two years. A. considerable
quantity of goods have been seized and
the parties have been arrested. Meas•
ures have been adopted to prevent this
dishonest .ractice in the future.
A HANDSOME young widow applied
to a physician to relieve her of three
distressing complaints, with which she
was affected.
"In the first place," said she, "I have
little or no appetite. What shall I take
for that?"
" For that, madam, you should take
air and exercise?"
"And, doctor, I am quite fidgetty at
night time,
and afraid to be alone.
What shalll take for that?"
" For that, madam, I can only recom
mend that you take a husband."
" Fie! doctor. But I have the blues
terribly. What shall I take for that ?"
"For that, madam, you have, besides
taking air and a husband, to take the
newspaper."
Sensible doctor, 'that.
Virginia
The Effect of Negro Suffrage Upon U. 8
In their eager desire to insure the
election of a Radical President to suc
ceed Mr. Johnson, the leaders of the
Republican party have hastened to en
franchise that vast body of ignorant
negroes who made up the slave popula
tion of the South. This they did under
a pretense that it was necessary to the
reconstruction of the States recently in
rebellion. By passionate appeals to
their party throughout the North they
have managed to secure for this scheme
a seeming endorsement. It has been
opposed at every step by the Democratic
party, and its opposition has not been
factious, but- has been founded on the
most substantial basis, and is supported
by arguments which cannot be success
fully controverted. Already coming
events -cast their shadows before, Mid
we find the predictions made by Dem
ociaticjournals and orators beginning
to be fulfilled.
It is absolutely sure that the great po
litical and material interests of the
United States will be seriously im
periled by the sudden admission of
such a multitude of ignorant and irre
sponsible voters to the rights of the
elective franchise. And there is no
class of the community who have so
much reason to dread this change as
the holders of United States bonds. If
repudiation ever comes it will come
through the votes of the men who toil
wearily from day to day tor their bread.
Under the pressure of au enormous
burthen of taxation the laboring classes
will become more and more restive,
and pricked by the sharp spur
of pressing necessity, they may
eventually be found ready to remove
what must continue to be a serious draw
back upon their property so long as it
exists. That many will be bound by a
sense of honor, and controlled by a de
sire to preserve all the engagements of
the nation unimpaired, we have no
doubt. But under the grading of taxa
tion the dissatisfied class will constantly
grow larger from year to year.
That the negroes of the South, ignor
ant as they are, and ready to grasp at
any scheme which promises to relieve
them from toil, will patiehtly submit to
endure the burthen of oppressive taxa
tion no sensible man can believe. 'Al
ready, in the different radical negro
conventions which have been held in
South, the cotton tax has been freely
denounced and its immediate repeal
demanded. The same indisposition to
submit to taxation of any kind will be
found to exist among them.
To bondholders of Lancaster county
we commend the following extract from
a letter written to the New York Herald
by a special. correspondent of that
paper, now traveling through the South.
It is forwarded from the capital of
Alabama, and shows how the scheme
of negro enfranchisement will effect
government securities. Read it, and
then hand it to some neighbor who
holds United States bonds. It may open
his eyes to the dangers which threaten
his favorite investments. The case is
.plainly stated, and the conclusions
drawn are beyond doubt perfectly cor
rect. The only way in which the great
dangers which threaten can be arrested
is by the speedy overthrow of the Radi
cal party North and South. No sensi
ble bondholder can read the following
extract without being convinced that
his securities are seriously imperiled by
the wholesale enfranchisement of the
negroes of the South :
The number of United States bondholhers
is estimated at less than half a million. This
is somewhere about the number of slave
owners before the war. Eventually the
negro vote will be added to the labor vote
in other sections of the Union. The same
appeal that has been successfully made
against the tow who held property in slaves
will probably be made against the few who
hold property in the public debt. There is
not a disposition in the majority to confis•
oate the property of the minority ; but the
tax laid on labor to pay capital will organ
ize the fohner interest to protect itself by a
re-adjustmtihrof the public burdens. It is
in this sense that the colored power will
make itself manifest. A short time will
satisfy that power of the extent to which its
political and social rights are to be estab
lished. These issues will then pass away,
and will be succeeded by others in which
the interests of the negro laborers will be
involved. These interests are identical in
a great measure with those of the whites
among whom he resides. The two races
can harmonize on this subject. The negro
nominee may be a radical, but he will vote
to reduce the tax on cotton and other arti
cles of home production. He will favor the
payment of the public debt and interest in
greenbacks, and will prefer to impose the
federal tax on vested capital. The end of
this revolution in suffrage is not yet. Before
the war the negro representative power was
in the hands of the capitalist, his master.
Then it was directed for the preservation of
the capital interest, and so practically
sided with the capital interest else
where. Now that power is nearly doubled
in its suffrage ratio, and is directed
by itself--that is, by the labor inter
est. It is a newly developed power and
when the philanthropist has done with it
practical men will assign it a permanent
place in the politics of the nation. What
that will be I have indicated. With the
identity of interest between the white and
colored voters, it is highly possible that the
first proposal to remove the'disabilities of
franchise will come from those who need
the white suffrage of the South to aid in
relieving the labor interest of a taxation
equally oppressive to black and white.
As the blacks become acquainted with
the subject, they oppose taxation of all
kinds. They oppose the cotton tax because
at last it all conies out of the sweat of their
brow and the labor of their hands. They
oppose the revenue tax on spirits and many
other articles, of which they are large con
sumers. They declare in favor of the re
peal of the State poll tax, and "establish
ing, as a rule, that the tax paid by every
man shall be exactly in proportion to the
value of his property, and none other." It
is very much to be doubted, whether the
blacks cen be bribed by the promise of forty
acres of confiscated broom straw to renounce
their right to review the federal tax laws,
so obnoxious to the laboring interest. It is
contended, therefore, that as soon as the
blacks clearly understand the subject of
national taxation, the enormous bonded
debt, the bonus paid to the national banks,
dza., they will advocate the repudiation of
the bonds in the hands of capitalists in
order to get rid of the onerous burden of
federal taxation on their productive in
dustry.
The following calculation shows the cotton
tax operates against the interests of the
freedmen. A farmer has a plantation on
which, with fifty hands, he makes two hun
dred bales of cotton of five hundred pounds
each, equal to one hundred thousand pounds
cotton, and give his hands one-forth of the
crop after paying expenses. The tax on
the crop at two and one-half cents a pound
would be $2,500, to meet which requires ten
thousand pounds of cotton at twenty-five
cents a pound. But the fifty hands doing
the labor, and of course paying the entire
tax, each pay fifty dollars towards the sup
port of the national government and the
factoring of New England cotton manufac
tories. •
The Victims of the Conspiracy
In the proposed improvement by the
tearing away of the penitentiary build
ing, the remains of John Wilkes Booth
will be reached. The remains of Mrs.
Surratt,_ Payne, Harold and Atzerodt,
W
with irz, are buried in the order
named south of the eastern portion of
the old building, and will not probably
be disturbed. The scaffold, as it was on
the day of the execution of the conspira
tors, ft still standing. The Yankee has
been using his jack-knife on the lower
beams and posts, hacking off pieces as
relics. It is not known what disposi
tion will be made of this structure, nor
of the bodies of those interred in these
grounds.—Nat. Intelligencer, Sept, 18.
Murder by Brownlow , s Mllitle
At Jackson, Madison county, on the
12th inst., al prominent citizen named
Hurd was shot dead by the militia, after
the former had given up his arms. The
militia went round compelling citizens
to give up their arms. The murder is
said to have been a most cold-blooded
and atrocious one. Thoi citizens have
collected together, and Commenced to
arm for the purpose of driving the
militia from the place. United States
troops are being pushed forward to the
scene of disturbance, and a general riot
is expected. The militia has been com
mitting depredations on citizens in va
rious localities.
Rans Graf.
Extrac4from an Address delivered before
the Brims Graf Association of Lancaster
County, Thursday, Sept. 5, 1867, by D. G.
Eshleman, Esq.
Nearly two centuries have passed away
since Lancaster county was occupied by
white men. We, the descendants of some
of the first settlers, have at this late day
assembled for the first time, in family
council. The idea is somewhat novel, and
it may be well, therefore, to state how it
occurred.
Less than a year ago a few enterprising
ndividuals, descendants of Hans Graf, one
.f the pioneers of the early settlements,
conceived the idea of forming an associa-
tion of the family of their ancestor. They
at once issued a call for a meeting of the
members of the family, to be held at Lan
caster. That meeting was a success far
beyond their brightest anticipations. Since
then a number of meetings have been held,
each more interesting than the preceding,
and each adding new members to the asso
ciation. Its members are now numbered
by the thousand and hail from all parts of
the country. At one of the meetings it was
suggested, that, inasmuch ns it is now
more than three times fifty years since
Hans Graf and his associates immigrated
to Lancaster county, it would be well to
hold a mooting of their descendants, for
the purpose of keeping their virtues fresh
and their memories green, That was a
happy suggestion, and this large assemblage
attests its propriety.
On the 10th day of August, A. D., 1810,
Edward Shippen, Griffith Owen, and
Thomas Stery, Commissioners of property
appointed by Penn, "agreed with John
Rudolph Bupdet, Martin Kendig, Jacob
Miller, Hans Graf, Hans Herr, Martin
Oberholz, Hans Puuk, Michael Oberholz
and one Bauman, Swissers, lately arrived
in this province, for ten thousand acres of
land, situate on the northwesterly side of a
hill, about twenty miles easterly from, the
Conestoga and near the head of Pecquim
Creek, for live hundred pounds sterling,
money of Great Britain," and the Surveyor
General was directed to survey it to them
in one entire tract, and then subdivide it
into as many tracts or parts us they may
desire. On the 22d of Nov., A. D., 1718, the
Commissioners "agreed with Martin Ken
dig and Haus Herr for live thousand acres
of laud, to be taken up in several parcels
about Conestoga and Pequea Creeks—
it being for settlements of several of
their countrymen that are lately ar
rived here. Under this agreement war-
rants were issued ou tho 27th of the same
month, to the following persons ) to wit:
Hans Moyer for 350 acres, Hans Kaiggy for
100 acres, Christopher Hearsey and Hans
Pupather for 1000 acres, Michael Shank and
Henry Pare 400 acres, Hans Pupather for
700 acres, Peter Leman 300 acres, Melker
Penerman 500 acres, John and Henry Funk
550 acres, Christopher Francis 150 acres,
Michael Shank 200 acres, Jacob Lundus
and Ulrick Hawrey for 150 acres, Emanuel
Herr for 500 acres, Haus Tuber, Isaac Col
man and Mulperman for 675 acres, and
Michael Miller for 500 acres. These names
were written on the records by English
clerks as they caught the sound from Ger
man lips; consequently they are not spell
ed properly; but they are sufficiently cor
rect to indicate to many persons now
present the names of their ancestors.
These were the leaders of an immigra-
tion, which continued until about the year
1733, and which finally spread over the
greater portion of the valleys of Pequea,
Mill Creek and Conestoga.
Mr. Eshleman entered into a history of
the origin of various sects of German pro
testants, reviewing many of the earlier
events of :he Reformation. Ile continued
as follows
About the time of the reign of King Jack
of Leyden (1535), a Romish priest of Fries
land renounced his connection with the
Church, and openly declared himself in
favor of the principles of the reformation.
He immediately entered into the field of
polemics on the side of the anabaptists
but one of his first works was a tract
against the errors of Jack of Leyden. His
operations were confined to Friesland and
Western and Northern Germany, where
he formed many congregations.. His fol.
lowers were called after him MENNONITES.
After his death, his disciples continued
teaching his doctrines in Holland, Germany
and Switzerland, until the sect became very
numerous. But inasmuch as they rejected
piedobaptism, and denied the right to ad
minister oaths, the odious name of ana
bapt clung to them like Nessus' shirt, and
they were persecuted alike by Romanist
and Protestant.
" One end losel soils a name for aye."
The persecuted Mennonites at last found
a friend in William of Orange, and in 1581
they were permitted to hold an assembly of
churches in Holland. From that time they
were allowed some privileges, and at length
in 1672 they obtained full permission of re
ligious worship. This was the signal for a
general immigration of the sect into Holland
from all parts of Germany and Switzerland.
Among the emigrants from Switzerland
to Holland in the latter pare of the seven
teenth and beginning of the eighteenth
cdnturies, were Hans Graf and his friends.
When they arrived there they found the
tido of emigration flowing strongly from
Holland to New York, and they beard great
accounts from the friends of the emi•
grants of tho glorious pro:Teets of the settlers
in the new world. About 1.11i , 3 time also Penn
flooded Holland with agents and handbills
for the purpose of drumming up emigrants
for his new colony, and purchasers for his
lands. These inducements were sufficient
to turn their attention to the new world,
and they therefore despatched some of their
party to Pennsylvania to make observa
tions, and if they found the country desi
rable, to make purchases of lands. This
resulted in large purchases of the best lands
of Lancaster county, then Chester, which
were soon occupied by a large immigration
of Swiss Mennonites.
Many difficulties present themselves in
tracing the personal history of Hans Gruf
and his associates. They were, as their an
cestors and predecessors had been since the
dawn of the reformation, very peculiar
- • - - -
people. One of their peculiarities was that
they thought it wrong, even sinful, to keep
records of themselves or families. Portraits
were put under a similar ban. Such mat
ters were thought to indicate pride, and
pride was considered one of the worst sins
iu the catalogue. Pride having caused the
angels to fall, they resolved that it should
not be their ruin. The result of that
peculiar fancy was that in a few years after
the first settlers died, the !amines of the
greater portion of them, lost all traces of
their ancestors; and were it not for the pub
lic records, I fear many of them, of this
generation, would be puzzled to name theii
great grandfathers.
From these circumstances it is impossible
to say when Hans Graf and his confreres
forsook the world, as they called it, and
'oined the present anabapmds. It is equal
ly impossible to say what manner of men
they were, and what positions they hold in
society. Hans himself and Martin Keudig
and others who came with him were evi
dently the leaders of the sect, from the fact
that they were sent to buy lands, and from
their general intelligence and business ca
pacity as shown in their intercourse with
the commissioners of property. Their in
telligence, their prominent position in their
sect, the fact that they were men of prop
erty, and even the name of Graf—Count,
Earl—indicate that they originally came at
least from the middle classes of society.—
But under the rules of their associations,
as soon as they became members, whatever
their situation was before, they at once be
came the equals of the humblest. With
them there was no inequality of rank.
Havidg joined the association, wherever
it may have been, they of course had to
submit to the prosecutions with which all
anabaptists were inflicted. Their homes
and their governments afforded them no
protection, and, like the Israelites of old,
they forsook both, wandered into Holland,
and from thence sought liberty of conscience
and rest from persecution in the trackless
forests of Pennsylvania.
Settled in what was then the wilderness
of Chester county, they at once became
heroes. Not heroes of the sword and mus
ket, but heroes of the axe and the plow ;
not heroes who devastated fertile provinces
and plundered and burnt populous villages
' and cities ; but heroes whose polished arms
caused the golden harvests to wave in the
breezes, villages and cities to spring up in
place of boundless forests, and the wilder
ness to blossom like the rose. The fine
farms, the comfortable houses and the
stately barns that now adorn the Earls, the
Leacocks, Paradise, Strasburg and the
Lampeters bear witness to the heroism of
these sturdy pioneers.
Their honesty. usefulness and peaceful-
ness are shown from their pleasant inter-
course with the red men of the forest
among whom they dwelt. Hans Graf set
tled in what is now Earl and was called
after him "Graffen Dahl," and still bears
his name—" Earl" being the English of
"Graf." One of his brothers settled near
Strasburg and'another some distance south
of that place. The Herm, the Kendigs, the
Moyers, the Oberholzers, the Brubakers,
The Brenemans, the Landises, the Mussers,
the Witmers,
the Millers, te Brackbilis,
the Lefevers, the Bares or Bairs or Barre,
the Keages, the Howries, the Neffs, the
Frantzes, the Stauffers, the Deafens, the
Shanks,
the Mylins, the Carpenters, the
Ebys, the Eshlemans and thousands
of others located themselves in the
NUMBER 38
tier of townships extending from East
to West Lampeter. These settlements
were in the midst of the Indians.—
The red men had a burying ground
in Paradise, where the Episcopal Church
now stands. Old King Beaver, a
Chief of the Conestogas, had his wigwam,
and held his councils of stale, on the high
lands south of Strasburg. It was in honor
of this Chief that Big and Little Beaver
Creeks received their names. All the inter
course between him and tho Mennonite
settlers was of the most pacific and friendly
nature. They treated him and his people
with kindness and with their wonted fair
ness and Justice. This treatment was ap
preciated by the Indians, and as long as
an Indian remained, they were friends and
brethren. Neither history nor tradition
reports a single instance of ill-feeling be
tween the Indians and Mennonites of Lan
caster county.
When the revolution broke out, it found
these men as they always had been, men of
peace. They resolutely refused to take up
arms or to permit their sons to do so, be
cause they thought it wrong to take up arms
for any purpose, not oven excepting self
defence. They wore more successful in
keeping their eons out of the army than
the Quakers, who wore influenced by
similar conscientious scruples; because
living more remote from the large pities
than the latter, they were more able to
keep their sons from catching the enthus
iasm produced by excited crowds, and by
the "pomp and circumstance for glorious
war." They refused to take up arms in
defence of their country, for the same reason
that they would have refused to arm in self
defence. Whether wo can all agree with
them now as to the propriety of their course,
is'not material. It was ono of the elements
of their creed then, as it is now; and then,
ns now, they followed the spirit of the
Universal Prayer :
" What conscience dictates to be done,
Or warns me not to do,
This teach me more than Hell to shun,
That more than Heaven pursue."
But while they refused to take up arms
for their country, during the trying 'films
of the revolution, their sympathies, with a
very few exceptions, were entirely with the
revolutionists; and many of them express•
Lid that sympathy very actively. There is
at least ono family. mansion still standing,
where the owners and neighbors met peri
odically for the purpose of devising ways
and means of adding to the commissary
stores of the half-starvedpatriots, from their
coil-Ailed barns and woll-fed herds.
Since then more than two generations
have passed away. As the times changed,
individuals changed with them. In those
comparatively few years the moral world
changed more than it did in as many ages
before. The struggles of the latter part of
the eighteenth, and beginning of the nine.
teeuth centuries, which commenced with
the American and French revolutions, in
fused a new vigor into the people of Europe
and America. Civilization took a new start
forward. She carried with her the newly
developed skill, enterprise and energy, and
directing them into proper channels,
brought into existence powers and agents
thitherto unknown, and thus produced a
moral revolution as wonderful as it was
universal. Whether mankind has been
physically or morally improved by modern
civilization is a question for physicists and
moralists to determine.
There are doubtless many aged indi
viduals who still sigh for what they call
the good old times ; but they cannot resist
the progress of events. The descendants
of Hans Graf and his compeers were swept
along by the resistless title. They are now
scattered to every point of the compass.—
Many of them still cling to the faith of their
lathers, preserve the simple habits and live
the retired and secluded lives, which they
have been taught to believe the laws of God
require; many of them have deserted that
simple faith and have joined themselves to
other creeds ; and many Boat along on the
current of events without any fixed creed,
like a rudderless ship on the ocean. But
there are this day, among the active, bust
ling. toiling and speculating population of
the Middle and Western States, many thou
sands iu whose veins flows. the blood of
Haus Graf and his fellow pilgrims.
A Demoeratle Soldier FAitor Goes for a
Loyal Stay-at-Home Editor.
The local editor of the Columbia Herald
goes gunning for the editor of the Radical
6py, and, in our opinion, brings down his
game. Here is his first shot at the creature:
The editor of the Spy calls us a copper
head, probably, because we served over
three years in the Army. We cannot re
taliate, for we do not know a name for such
an infernal coward—one, who when placed
in command of a company of Militia, de
serted his men and struck for home, or
when Provost Marshal of this place, at the
tune the rebels were between this and
Gettysburg, lied to Reading, while we were
under General Fisher, on Round Top, at
Gettysburg. Perhaps ho is loyal and we
are the traitor or copperhead I but we aro
satisfied with our record in the army, if he
is with his, and do not feel offended at being
called a copperhead, by such a reptile.
We enlisted iu April, 1861, and served
until Juno, 1864, being with the Regiment
(the sth Reserves) in every engagement,
except two, and we were prevented front
entering them, by being wounded at Gaines'
Mill, during the same week. In March,
1863, we wore promoted to Orderly Sergeant
from the ranks, and on our return to Har
risburg we received an honorary commis
sion from Gov. Curtin, on the request of
Gen. Fisher. We defy any person to say
that we did not do our whole duty, and
refer them to Gen. F., under whose com
mand we fought.
Rambo enlisted during the emergency—
was elected Captain of the Company, no
doubt, on account of his warlike appear
ance, but when he was ordered over the
line, to aid McClellan at the battle of Antie
tam, refused to go, preferring dishonor
rather than face rebels in arms.
After all this, Rambo calls us a copper
head, and prates about his loyalty. From
such loyalty, when the country needed the
services of every man, we heartily say
"may the Lord deliver us."
A Fearful Case of Self-Destructlon
We read with horror such tales as Alex
ander Dumas in his high-flown and super
lative style, tells us about self-destruction
and deliberate suicide in France, and wo
are greatly shocked at the inhuman " hari
kari" of Tycoondom, but no longer ago
than yesterday there occurred a tragedy in
our midst, the parallel to which fiction does
not record. Jacob Woll and his wife, each
fifty-two years of ago, and who have been
married and resident in our city for thirty
years of that time, yesterday committed
suicide deliberately in East Liberty after
the following manner : On Tuesday evening
they left their home, which was at No. 17
Tunnell street, together and proceeded to
the village of East Liberty. It would seem
as if they had not decided as yet what
manner of death to die, for they took with
them two ropes, made from an old dress of
Mrs. Woll. After arriving at their destina
tion Mr. Woll proceeded to the Union
House and procured from the bar keeper
ten cents' worth of whiskey, which he put
in a bottle; thence he repaired to the drug
store of Mr. L. C. Cartier, and invested
another dime in arsenic, stating that it was
for the purpose of poisoning rats, and
registering his name and placeof residence.
He then joined his wife and the twain dis
solved the arsenic in the whiskey and drank
each of them a portion of the death dealing
potion. Proceeding on their way, they
came to the house of Mr. Ratio, in East
Liberty, and requested a night's lodging.
As Mrs. Raise and Mrs. Woll were acquain
tances, their request was granted, and after
taking a drink at the pump, they went into
the house. Some solicitude was felt by
their hosts for them, as Mrs. Woll had
vomited when she drank the water, and
her husband complained of feeling ill.
Coffee was made for them, of which they
partook very spar4tgly, and in a short time
they retired to rest. Once or twice in the
night Mr. Woll was heard to go out to the
pump and drink water, and some confusion
was heard in their apartment. However,
he climax was to come. About five o'clock
in the morning, Woll was heard to rave
and scream, as if in the greatest agony, and
to call wildly for water, as he felt burning
up. Mr. and Mrs. Rahe rushed to his
assistance with the water, which be drank
with the greatest avidity, then fell back,
and in a moment more wasdead. Attention
was then given to Mrs. Woll, who had been
apparently sleeping in the midst of all this
turmoil, but upon touching her, she was
found to be a corpse.
An inquest was yesterday held upon the
bodies, and a verdict rendered in accord
ance with the facts as we have given them.
filo rs.
DWollixmhaoodtb,
andtherecentlyutus
h bee b n an re d lea l e v e a d s
habitually a drunkard. This tolls the tale.
—Pittsburg Post.
His Record
The Radicals have issued a pamphlet con
taining the Judicial Record of Judge Wil
liams. It contains references to about a
dozen insignificant decisions, which appear
to be all he has ever done in fifteen years.
Judge Sharswood's Record for any six
weeks during the last twenty years, would
throw this political document into the shade
The less that is said about Judge Williams'
legal abilities by his friends, the better it
will be for him. Until we saw this pamph
let we bad. no Just conception of hie incapa
city.
BATES OF AlflegliMarlitfl.'
Bug:6z" Air a irr umixorTs , 612 a year Par
Er r° *f a r m .% es: 56 per year for each itd-
ItuAL ra l ' i rkTN;Pnenu af,Paorzerv,and egg.
=AL ADV212211112[9, 10 cents a line for the
first, and 5 cents for each subsequent hest.'
lion.
Orman NOTIO2II inserted in Local Ool=n,
15 cents per line.
13Pracas, NOTICES preceding marriages and
deaths, 10 cents per line for drat insertion,'
and 6 cents for every subsequent insertiOmi
Dame, of ten lines or tees,
One year,... •••.......••••••••“.•••••••.•“.... 10
Business Oarde,five Minor less, one •
LEGAL AND ;1 - I:ryncissi
Executors' ,ottoes... 2.150
Administrators' 2.60
Assignees' 2.60
Auditors' notices,. • • • 2 . 00
Other "Notiees,” ten lina", fermi
three 1.50
A Gigantic Work—The Misaluippl
Bridge at St. Louts.
[From the St. Louis Democrat.'
..
Wo have seen the plan, and we may be
allowed to say, who have certainly seen
some of the greatest bridges in the world,'
that this will cap them all. In mere length
there aro many that surpass it. There is
the Victoria bridge, over the St. Lawrence,
which is two miles long • there is the bridge
over the Nebudda, which is a milo and - a
half; there is the bridge from Bassein to
the main land, which is over three miles in
length. But none of these bridges aro
marvels, because in none is there an ex
traordinary breadth of span. The style
adopted by Capt. Lads is somewhat similar ,
to that used in the structure over the Rhine,
between Coblenz and Ehrenbreitstein, but
the span there is only three hundred foot.
The bridge over the Thrtmos at London
called Southwark, which is nearly of the
same material, but infinitely more clumsy,
and with an expensive waste of material
which by no means adds to the intrinsic
strength, has a span 0(240 feet. But it is
the great feature of our bridge, which will
cost nearly five millions, that it will ac
commodate two double tracks of rails, one
broad gunge. the other narrow, foot pas
sengers, and street railway cars, and will
not interfere ono whit with navigation ; for
of the three arches which together will span
the shores of St. Louis and Illinois,
the
control ono is 515 feet, and the two aide
ones 407 feet. The two piers which will
support those glorious arches will bo such
tremendous masses of masonry as to take
back the mind involuntarily to Cheops and
Cophrenose and their pyramids among the
yellow sands of Egypt, and within sight of
the tranquil, winding Nile. Soundings
made recently in the river have indi
cated a remarkable change in its bed. Tho
high water being compelled to flow through
the narrow channel framed by our wharf
and the rivettod shore of Bloody Island,
has out out the sandy bottom eighteen
feet lower than when the same soundings
were made last April. Yet this location
is perhaps the narrowest place in the
river within fifteen hundred miles of its
mouth. From this cause it has been ab
solutely necessary to place the foundations
of the piers upon the rock itself, which is
from tit) to 75 feet from the sandy bed.
Taking this into consideration, the pier at
the deepest part of the river will ho
muss of.masonry 200 feet in length, 110'
feet in width, and with a breadth taper•
Mg from 55 feet to 40 feet. The other will
probably be 170 foot nearer to the river
bottom. It will bo allowed by all that
this will bo a stupendous untortaking.
The Negro Vote ON a Balance of rower
The radicals, seeing the swelling torrent
of public sentiment rising against their
nogro supremacy policy, begin to sing
small. One of their organs in this city had
a labored article yesterday, appealing
pathetically to the public In behall of the
"poor negro." It asks, "shall four millions
of our countrymen be henceforth serfs and
outcasts in the band of their birth with their
descendants through all generations?" It
calls this "the main question—the great
question remaining to be solved by thej udg
mont and votes of the American people."
Now this is the merest balderdash and clap
trap nonsense. 'rho writer knows very
well, if be has any sense, that the four
millions of his colored countrymen aro
neither serfs nor outcasts, and never can be
again. They are on perfect equality with
the whites as regards their civil rights and
before the law. If a portion of them
should be excluded front certain po-
lineal privileges for a time and for great
public reasons, that would be nothing more
than what happens to many white people
in this republic and laud of equal rights.—
All this talk about the negroes being serfs
and outcasts is supreme nonsense, and is
made for the purposeof blinding the Ameri
can people to the real object of the Radi
cals. No, there is no fear of the negroes
not having their rights; and teat is not the
real question. 'Ulm object of the Radicals Is
to make the negro vote the balance of power
in our political system and government. A
small party sometimes holds the balance, as
we often see, in both State and general
elections. The four millions of blacks in
the South may become the ruling power of
the republic through holding that balance.
We see already how demoralized and ex
treme the republican party has become in
its efforts to got the negro vote. What will
not that party or any other do to gain power
through the negro vote, if that vote can givo
it? In fact we are now iu danger of having
this great republic governed by the negroes.
This is " the main question" really at issue,
and all the pretence about negro rights is
sheer humbug.—N. Y. Herald.
Grant and the Radical Catechisers
A special Washington telegram to the
New York herald says:
Tho attempt of the Radicals to got General.
Grant to publicly commit himself in favor
of their ticket at the approaching elections
has utterly failed, and the loading politicians
from those States about to hold elections,
who came hero for that purpose, have gono
home in disgust. Others, however, are
expected here, who aro supposed to huvo
more influence upon Grant. Amo❑g these
is Washburno, of Illinois, who has already
been telegraphed to come here and summon
the General to the political confessional.
These anxious inquirers say Grant talks
freely on every subject except politics.
When that is introduced ho is willing enough
to hear the opinions of others, but very
careful to give none of his own. It has boon
said that Grant kept away from tho Antio
tam celebration to-day in order to avoid the
catachetical ordeal he would be certain to
meet with in such an assemblage of poli
ticians.
Deserved eievere Rebuke of a Would•bo'
Despot.
Some lime since, the office of the L'apflZc
newspaper, at Camden, Arkansas, was de
stroyed by soldiers, led on by Major
Pierce.
Colonel Gilbert, commanding the Post,
wrote to General Ord, in which ho said tho
censures of the press directed against the
servants of the people may be endured;
but General Ord and the military force de
tailed to enable him to perform his duties
are not the servants of the people of Arkan
sas, but rather their masters and it is felt
to be a great piece of impertinence for the
newspapers of this State to comment upon
the military under any circumstances
whatever.
General Ord in reply says: "Your letter
of the 15th ult., in which you attempt to
Justify the act of a party of soldiers who
were led by an officer, forcibly entered a
citizen's house and destroyed his property,
is received. And will please explain why
the act was not prevented by you, as post
commandant, and if the requirements of
the thirty-second article aforesaid have
been complied with? Your assertion that
the military forces are not the servants of
the people of Arkansas, but rather their
masters, is unjust both to the people and
military, and is unfounded in the laws,
which are for the benefit of the people. The
assumption that a party of soldiers could,
at their option, forcibly destroy citizens'
property, and commit gross violations of
of the public peace, would not be tolerated
under a Napoleon."
Our Debt Compared with That of
England.
A Parliamentary return just issued shows
that the total amount of the funded and un
funded national debt of the United King
dom on the 31st of March last was £777,-
497,804. The total funded debt was 1769,-
541,904, involving an annual charge of
£25,990,422. The unfunded debt amounted
to £7,956,800, of which £5,656,800 consisted
of Exchequer bills, involving an annual
charge of .£199,750, and £2,300,000 of Exche
quer bonds, involving a charge of £87,250.
Of the Exchequer bonds, £700,000 mature
on the Bth or November next, £1,000,000 on
the 27th of March, 1868, and F 600,000 on the
18th of March, 1869. Although the nation
al debt of England is, In round numbers,
$3,887,489,020, while that of the United
States, on the Ist of the present month, was
(less cash in the Treasury, only $2,492,783,-
205; the annual charge for interest is much
heavier on;tho latter, owing to the British
funded debt bearing three per cent., while
' ours carries double that rate.
A Woman Roylebed In Her Sick Bed by
Negroes
The Cleveland Plaindealer has an account
of one of the most brutal and sickening
outrages we were called upon to notice. It
was perpetrated at Tiffin, Seneca County,
in this State, on Sunday night last, at nine
o'clock. The facts of the affair, so far as the
Plaindeater had been able to learn them,
aro these: The young wife:of Mr. Seinsoth,
a respected German citizen of Tiffin, gave
birth to her fourth child, last Friday after
noon. On Sunday evening Mr. Seinsoth
went down town to procuresome medicine,
and in his absence two negroes forced their
way into the house, at the hour in question.
The black fiends immediately seized and
ravished Mrs. Seinsoth—having previously
crammed a handkerchief into her month to
prevent her from crying out. The unfortu
nate woman is in a very precarious condi
tion.
Of course, intense excitement prevails
among the German and other citizens of
Tiffin and vicinity, over the dreadful out
rage. Mrs. Seinsoth is confident she cad
recognize the perpetrators of the crime if
brought before her, and every negro in the
county is being arrested in hopes die guilty
ones may be found.—Cincinnati wirer.