_
PRESIDENT JORNSON'S FIRST ANNUAL
MESSAGE.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of
Representatives:
TO express gratitude to God, in the name
of the People, for the
,preservation of the
United States, is my first duty in address
ing you. Our thoughts next revert to the
death of the late President by an act of par
ricidaltreasom The grief of the nation is
still fresh ;. it finds some solace in the con
sideration that he lived to 'enjoy the high
est proof of its confidence by entering on
the renewed term of the Chief Magistracy,
to which he had been elected; that he
brought the civil war substantially to a
close; that his loss was deplored in all parts
of the Union ' • and that foreign nations have
rendered justice to his memory. His re
moval cast upon me a heavier weight of
cares than ever devolved upon any one of
his predecessors. To fulfill my trust I need
the support and confidence of all who are
associated with me in the various depart
ments of Government, and the support and
confidence of the people. There is but one
way in which I can hope to gain their ne
cessary aid ; it is, to state with frankness
the principles which guide my conduct, and
their application to the present state of af
fairs, well aware that the efficiency of my
labors will, in a great measure, depend on
your and their undivided approbation.
The Uniou of the United States of Amer
hat was intended by its authors to last as Idng
as the States themselves shall last.- " THE
UNION SHALL BE. PERPETUAL" are the
words of the Oonfederation. "To FORM A
MORE PERFECT UNION," by an ordinance of
the people of the United Mates, is the de
clared purpose of the Constitution. The
hand of Divine Providence was never more
plainly visible in the affairs of men than in
the framing and adopting of that instru- '
ment. It is, beyond comparison, the great
est event in American history ; and indeed
is it not, of all events in modern times, the
most pregnant with consequences for every
people of the earth? The members of the
Convention which prepared it, brought to
their work the experience of the Confed
eration, of their several States, and of other
Republican Goveruments, old and new;
but they needed and they obtained a wis
dom superior to experience. And when for
its validity it required the approval of a
people that occupied a large part of a con
tinent and acted separately in malty dis
tinct conventions, what is more wonder
ful than that, after earliest contention and
long discussion, all feelings and all opinions
were ultimately drawn in one way 'to its
support.
The Constitution to which life was thus
imparted contains within itself ample re
sources for its own preservation. It has
power to enforce the laws, punish treason,
and ensure domestic tranquility. In ease
of the usurpation of the Government of a
State by one man, or :in oligarchy, it be
comes a duty of the United States to make
good the guarantee to that State of a repub
lican form of government, and so to main
tain the homogeneousness of all. Does the
lapse of time reveal defects? A simple
mode of amendment is provided in the t'un
stitution itself, so that its conditions can al
ways be made to conform to the require
ments of advancing civilization. No room
is allowed even for the thought of a possi
bilityiof its coining to an end. And these
powers of self-preservation have always
been asserted in their complete integrity by
every patriotic ChielMagistrate— by Jeffer
son and Jackson, not less than by Wash
ington and Madison. The parting advice
of the Father or his Country, while yet
President, to the people of the United States,
was, that " the free Constitution, which was
the work of their hands, might be sacredly
maintained ;" and the inaugural words of
President Jefferson held up " the preserva
tion of the General Government, in its con
stitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our
peace at home told safety abroad." The
Constitution is the work of " the People
of the United States," and it should be as
indestructible as the people.
It is not strange that the framers of the
Constitution, which had no model in the
past, should not have fully comprehended
the excellence of their own work. Fresh
from a struggle against arbitrary power,
many patriots suffered from harrassing
fears of an absorption of the State Govern
ments by the General (;overnment, and
many from a dread that the States would
break away from their orbits. But the
very greatness of our country should allay
the appreheusion of encroachments by the
General Government. 'Phe subjects that
come unquestionably within its jurisdiction
are so numerous, that it must ever natural
ly refuse to be embarrassed by questions
that lie beyond it. Were it otherwise, the
Executive would sink beneath the burden ;
the channels of justice would be choked ;
legislation would be obstructed by excess;
so that there is greater temptation to exer
cise some of the functions of the General
Government through the States than to
trespass on their rightful sphere. " The
absolute acquiescence in the decisions of
the majority" was, at the beginning of the
century, enforced by Je&rson "as the vi
tal principle of republics," and the events
of the last four years have established, we
will hope forever, that there lies no appeal
to force.
The maintenance of the Union brings
with it " the support of the State Govern
ments in all their rights;" but it is not one
of the rights of any State Government to
renounce its own place in the Union, or to
nullify the laws of the lTt ion. The largest
liberty is to be maintained in the discussion
of the acts of the Federal Government ; but
. there is no appeal from its laws, - except to
the various branches of that Government
itself, or to the people, who grant to the
members of the Legislative and of the
Executive Departments no tenure but a
limited one, and in that manner always re
tain the powers of redress.
" The sovereignty of the States" is the
language of the Confederacy, and not the
language of the Constitution. The latter
contains the emphatic words: "The Con
stitution, and the laws of the United States
which shall be made in pursuance thereof,
and all treaties made or which shall be
made under the authority of the United
States, shall be thesupreme law of the land;
and the judges in every State shall be
bound thereby, anything in the constitution
or laws of any State to the contrary not
withstanding."
Certainly the Government of the United
States is a limited government ; and so is
every State government a limited govern
ment. With us, this idea of limitation
spreads through every form of administra
tion, general, State, and municipal, anti
rests on the great distinguishing principle
of the recognition of the rights of man. The
aucient republics absorbed the individual
in the State, prescribed his religion, and
controlled his activity, The American sys
tem rests on the assertion of the equal right
et' every man to life, liberty, and the pur
suit of happiness ; to freedom of conscience,
to the culture and exercise of all his facul
ties. As a consequence, the State Govern
ment is limited, as to the General Govern
ment in the interest of Union, as to the in
dividual citizen in the interest of freedom.
States, with proper limitations of power,
are essential to the existence of the Consti
tution of the United States. At the very
commencement, when we assumed a place
among the Powers of the earth, the Decla
ration of Independence was adopted by
States ; so also were the Articles of Confed
eration ; and , when "the People of the
United States ordained and established the
Constitution, it was the assent of the States,
one by one, which gave it vitality. In the
event, too, of any amendment to the Consti
tution, the proposition of Congress needs the
confirmation of States. Without States, one
great branch of the legislative government
would be wanting. And, if we rook beyond
the letter of the Constitution to the charac
ter of our country, its t remedy for compre
hending within its juri-dictien a vast conti
nental otupire is due to tee systein of uo-s.
The best security for the perpetual exist
ence of 'the States is the "supreme author
ity" of the Constitution of the United States.
The perpetuity of the Constitution brings
with it the perpetuity of the States ; their
mutual relation makes us what we tire,
and in our political system their connex
ion is indissoluble. The whole cannot
exist without the parts, nor the parts
without the whole. So long as the Con
stitution of the United States endures, the
States will endure; the destruction of the
one is the destruction of the other; the
preservation of the one is the preservation
of the other.
I have thus explained my views of the
mutual relations of the Constitution arid the
States, because they unfold the principles
on which I have sought to solve the mo
mentous questions and overcome the appal
ling difficulties that met me at the very
commencement of my administration. It
has been my steadfast object to escape front
the sway of momentary passions, and to
derive a healing policy from the fundamen
tal and unchanging principles of the Con
stitution.
I found the States suffering front the
effects of a civil war. Resistance to the
General Government appeared to have ex
hausted itself. The United States has re
covered possession of their forts and arse
nals ; and their armies were in the occupa
tion of every State which had attempted to
secede. Whether the territory within the
limits of those States should be held as con
quered territory, under military authority
emanating from the President as the head
• of the army, was the first question that
presented itself for decision.
Now, military governments, established
for an indefinite period, would have offered
no security for the early suppression of dis
'
content; would have divided the people
into the vanquishers and the vanquished ;
and would have envenomed hatred, rather
than have restored affection. Once estab
lished, no precise limit to their continuance
was conceivable. They would have oc
casioned an incalculable and exhausting
expense. Peaceful emigration to and from
that portion of the country is one of the best
means that can be thought of for the restor
ation of harmony ; and that emigration
would have been prevented ; for what emi
grant from abroad, what industrious citi
zen at home, would place himself willingly
under military rule? The chief persons
who would have followed in the tramof the
army would have been dependents on the
General Government,or men who expectpro
.
fit from. the miseries of their erring fellow
'citizens.. 'Tiled:lowers of patiOnage and rule
• which , wog lii loive be , en exeregiedi-wider
the President, over ti vast, and populous,
and naturally : . wealthy_ region, are greater
than, unless under extreme necessity, I
should be willing to entrust to any one man;
they are such as, for myself, I could never,
unless on occasions of great emergency, con
sent to exercise. The wilful use of such
powers, if continued through a period of
years, would have endangered the purity of
of the general administration and the liber
ties of the States which remained loyal.
Besides the policy of military rule over a
conquered territory would have implied
that the States whose inhabitants may have
taken part in the rebellion had, by the act
of those inhabitants, ceased to exist. But
the true theory is, that all pretended acts of
secession were, from the beginning, null
and void. The States cannot commit trea
son, nor screen the individual citizens who
may have committed treason, any more
than they can make valid treaties or
engage in lawful commerce with any foreign
Power. The States attempting to secede
placed themselves in a condition where
their vitality was impaired, but not extin
guished—their functions suspended, but not
destroyed.
But if any State neglects or refuses to per
form its offices, there is the more need that
the General Government should maintain
all its authority, and, as soon as practicable,
resume the exercise of all its functions. On
this principle I have acted, and have grad
ually and quietly, and by almost impercep
tible steps, sought to restore the rightful
energy of the General Government and of
the States. To that end, Provisional Gov
ernors have been appointed for the States,
Conventions called, Governors elected,
Legislatures assembled, and Senators and
Representatives chosen to the Congress of
the United States. At the same time, the
Courts of the United States, as far as could
be done, have been reopened, so that the
laws of the United States may be enforced
through their agency. The blockade has
been removed and the custom-houses re
established in ports of entry, so that the
revenue of the United States may be col
lected. The Post Office Department renews
its ceaseless activity, and the General Gov-
ernment is thereby enabled to communi
cate promptly with its officers and agents.
The courts bring security to persons and
property ; the opening of the ports invites
the restoration of industry and commerce;
the post office renews the facilities of social
intereours,, and of business. And is it not
happy for us all, that the restorationof each
one of these functions of the General Gov
ertunent brings with it a blessing to the
States over which they are extended? Is
it not a sure promise of harmony and re
newed attachment to the Union that, after
all that has happened, the return of the
General Government is known only as a
beneficence?
I know very well that this policy is at
tended with some risk ; that for its suchess
it requires at least the acquiescence of the
States which it concerns; that it implies an
invitation to those States by renewing their
allegiam, to the United States, to resume
their functions as States of the Union. But
it is a risk that must be taken; in the
choice of difficulties, it is the smallest risk;
and to-diminish, and, if possible, to remove
all danger, I have felt it incumbent on me
to assert one other power of the General
Government—the power of pardon. As no
State can throw a defence over the crime of
treason, the power of pardon is exclusively
vested in the Executive Government of the
United States. In exercising that power,
I have taken every precaution to connect
it with the clearest recognition of the bind
ing force of the laws of the United States,
and an unqualified acknowledgment of the
great social change of condition in regard
to slavery which has grown out of the war.
The next step which I have taken to re
store the constitutional relations of the
States, has been au invitation to them to
participate in the high office of amending
the Constitution. Every patriot must wish
for a general amnesty at the earliest epoch
consistent with publte safety. For tins
great end there is need of a concurrence of
all opinions, and the spirit of mutual con
ciliation. All parties in the late terrible
conflict must work together in harmony.—
t is not too much to ask, in the named the
whale people, that, on the one side, the plan
of restoration shall proceed in conformity
with a willingness to cast the disorders of
the past into oblivion ; and that, on the other,
the evidence of sincerity in the future main
tenance of the Union shall be put beyond
any doubt by the ratification of the pro
posed amendment to the Constitution, which
provides for the abolition of slavery forever
within the limits of our country. So long
as the adoption of this amendment is de
layed, so long will doubt, and jealousy, and
uncertainty prevail. This is the measure
which will efface the sad memory of the
past; this is the measure which will most
certainly call population, and capital, and
security to those parts of the Union that
need them most. Indeed, it is not too much
to ask of the States which are now resum
ing their places in the family of the Union
to give this pledge of perpetual loyalty anti
peace. Until it is done, the past, however
much we may desire it, will riot be forgot
ten. The adoption of the amendment re
unites us beyond all power of disruption.—
It heals the wound that is still imperfectly
closed ; it removes slavery,
the element
which has so long perplexed and divided
the country; it makes of us once more a
united people, renewed and strengthened,
bound more than ever to mutual affection
and support.
The amendment to the Constitution being
adopted, it would remain for the States,
whose powers have been so long in abey
ance, to resume their places in the two
branches of the National Legislature, and
thereby complete the work of restoration.
Here it is for you, fellow-citizens of the
Senate, and for you, fellow-citizens of the
House of Representatives, to judge, each of
you for yourselves, of the elections, returns,
and qualifications of your own members.
The full assertion of the powers of the
General Government requires the holding of
Circuit Courts of the United States within
the districts where their authority has been
interrupted. In the present posture of our
public affairs, strong objections have been
urged to holding those courts in any of the
States where the rebellion has existed; and
it was ascertained, by inquiry, that the Cir
cuit Court of the United States would not
be held within the District of Virginia du
ring the autumn or early winter, nor until
Congress should have " an opportunity to
consider and act on the whole subject." To
your deliberations the restoration of this
branch of the civil authority of the United
States is therefore necessarily referred, with
the hope that early provision will be made
for the resumption of all its functions. It
is manifest that treason, most flagrant in
character, has been committed. Persons
who are cl urged with its eommission should
have fair and impartial trials in the highest
civil tribunals of the country, in order that
the Constitution and the laws may be fully
vindicated ; the truth clearly established
and affirmed that treason is a crime, that
traitors should be punished and the offence
made infamous; and, at the same time,
that the questiion may be judicially settled,
finally and forever, that no Stateof its own
will has the right to renounce its place in
the Union.
The relations of the General Government
towards the four millions of inhabitants
whom the war has called into freedom, have
engaged my most serious consideration. On
the propriety of attempting to make the
freedmen electors by the proclamation of
the Executive, I took for my counsel the
Constitution itself, the interpretations of
that instrument by its authors and their
contemporaries, and recent legislation by
Congress. When, at the first movement to
wards independence, the Congress of the
United States instructed the several States
to institute governments of their own, they
left each Sate to decide for itself the condi
tions for the enjevment of the elective fran
chise. During the period of the Confedera
cy, there cote finned to exist a very great
diversily in the qualifications of electors in
the several States; and even within a State
a distinction of qualifications prevailed with
regard to the officers who were to be chosen.
The Constitution of the United States recog
nizes these diversities when it enjoins that,
in the choice:of members of the House of
Representatives of the United States, " the
electors in each State shall have the quali
. tications requisite for electors of the most
numerous branch of the State Legislature."
After the formation of the Constitution, it
remained, as before, the uniform usage for
each State to enlarge the body of its
electors, according to its own judgment;
and, under this system, one State after an
other has proceeded to increase the number
of its electors,until now universal suffrage,or
• something very near it, is the general rule.
So fixed was this reservation of power in
the habits of the people, and so unquestion
ed has been the interpretation of the Consti-
I union, that during the civil war the late
President never harbored the purpose—cer
tainly never avowed the purpose—of disre
garding it ; and in the sets of Congress, du
ring that period, nothing can be found
which, during the continuance of hostilities,
much less after their close, would have
sanctioned any departure by the Executive
from a policy which has so uniformly ob
tained: Moreover, a concession of the elec
tive franchise to the freedmen, by act of the
President of the United States, must have
been extended to all colored men, wherever
found, and so must have established a
change of suffrage in the Northern, Middle,
and Western States, not less than in the
Southern and Southwestern. Such an act
would have created a new class of vo
ters, and would have been an assumption
of power by the President which nothing
in the Constitution or laws of the United
States would have warranted.
On the other hand, every danger of con
flict is avoided when the settlement of the
question is referred to the several States.—
They can, each for itself; decide on the
measure, and whether it Is to be adopted at
once and absolutely, or introduced grildual
ly and with conditions. In my judgment,
the freedmen, if they show patience and
manly virtues, will sooner obtain a partici
pation in the elective franchise through the
States than through the General Govern
ment, even if it had power to intervene.—
When the tumult of emotions that have been
raised by the suddenness of the social
change shall have subsided, it may prove
that they will receive the kindliest usage
from some of those on whom they have
heretofore most closely depended.
But while I have no doubt that now, after
the close of the war, It is not corn for
the General 06am:4a:tent tO exten the elea
. . . .
five franchise in the several States, 'it is
equally clear that good faith requires the se
curity of the freedmen in their liberty and
their property, their right to labor, and their
right to claim the just 'return of their labor.
I cannot too strongly urge a dispassionate
treatment of this subject, which should be
carefully kept aloof from all party strife.—
We must equally avoid hasty assumptions
of any natural impossibility for the two
races to live side by side, in a state of mu
tual benefit and good will. The experiment
involves its in no inconsistency ; let us; then,
go on and make that experiment in good
faith, and not be too easily disheartened.—
The country is in need of labor, and the
freedmen are in need of employment, cul
ture and protection. While their right of
voluntary migration and expatriation is not
to be questioned, I would not advise their
forced removal and colonization. Let us
rather encourage them to honorable and
useful industry, where it may be beneficial
to themselves and to the country ; and, in
stead of hasty anticipations of the certainty
of failure, let there be nothing wanting to
the fair trial of the experiment. The change
'in their condition is the substitution of labor
by contract fpr the status of slavery. The
freedman cannot fairly be accused of un
willingness to work, so long as a doubt re
mains about his freedom of choice in his
pursuits, and the certainty of his recovering
his stipulated wages. In this the interests
of employer and the employed coincide.—
The employer desires in his workmen spirit
and alacrity, and these can be permanently
secured in no other way. And if the one
ought to be able to enforce the contract, so
ought the other. The public interest will
be best promoted, if the several States will
provide adequate protection and remedies
for the freedmen. Until this is in some
way accomplished, there is no chance for
the advantageous use of their labor; and
the blame of ill-success will not rest on
them.
I know that sincere philanthropy is earn
est for the immediate realization of its re
motest aims ; but time is always an ele
ment in reform. It is one ,f the greatest
acts on record to have brought four millions
of people into freedom. The career of free
industry must be fairly opened to them ;
and then their future prosperity and condi
tion must, after all, rest mainly on them
selves. If they fail, and so perish away, let
us be careful that the failure shall not be at
tributable to any denial of justice. In all
that relates to the destiny of the freedmen,
we need not be too anxious to read the future;
many incidents which, from a speculative
point of view, might raise alarm, will . quietly
settle themselves.
Now that slavery is at an end or near its
end, the greatness - of its evil, •in the point
of view of public economy, becomes more
and more apparent. Slavery was essenti
ally a monopoly of labor, and as such
locked the States where it prevailed against
the incoming of free industry. Where
labor was the property of the capitalist, the
white man was excluded from employment,
or had but the second best chance of find
ing it; and the foreign emigrant turned
away from the region where his condition
would be so precarious. With the destruc
tion of the monopoly, free labor will hasten
from all parts of the civilized world to as
sist in developing various and immeasura
ble resources which have hitherto lain dor
mant. The eight or nine States nearest the
Gulf of Mexico have a soil of exuberant
fertility, a climate friendly to long fife, and
can sustain a denser population• than is
found as yet in any part of our country.
And the future influx of population to them
will be mainly from the North, or from the
most cultivated nations in Europe. From
the sufferings that have attended them dur
ing our late struggle, let us look away to
the future, which is sure to be laden for
them with greater prosperity than has ever
before been known. The removal of the
monopoly of slave labor is a pledge that
those regions will be peopled by a numer
ous and enterprising population, which
will vie with any in the Union in compact
ness, inventive genius, wealth, and indus
try.
Our Government springs from and was
made for the people—not the people for the
Government. To them it owes allegiance;
from them it must derive its courage,
strength, and wisdom. But, while the Gov
ernment is thus bound to defer to the peo
ple, from whom it derives its existence, it
should, from the very consideration of its
be strong in its power of resistance
to the establishment of inequalities. Mo
nopolies, perpetuities, and class legislation,
are contrary to the genius of free govern
ment, and ought not to be allowed. Here,
there is 110 room for favored classes or
nionopulie , , the principle of our Govern
ment is that of equal laws and freedom of
industry. Wherever monopoly attains a
foothold, it is sure to be a source of danger,
discord and trouble. We shall but fulfil
our duties as legislators by according "equal
and exact justice to all men," special priv
ileges to none. The Government is subor
dinate to the people • but, as the agent and
representative of the 'people, it must be
held superior to monopolies, - which, in
themselves, ought never to be granted, and
which, where they exist, must be subordi
nate and yield to the Government.
The Constitution confers on Congess the
right to regulate commerce among the sev
eral States. It is of the first necessity for
the maintenance of the Union, that that com
merce should be free and unobstructed. No
State can be justified in any device to tax
the transit of travel and commerce between
States. The position of many States is such
that, if they were allowed to take advan
tage of it for purposes of local revenue, the
commerce between States might be injuri
ously burdened, or even virtually prohibit
ed. It is best, while the country is still
young, and while the tendency to tlangerous
monopolies of this kind is still feeble, to
use the power of Congress so as to prevent
any selfish impediment to the free circula
tion of men and merchandise. A tax on
travel and merchandise, in their transit,
constitutes one of the worst forms of mo
nopoly, and the evil is increased if coupled
with a denial of the choice of route. When
the vast extent of our country is considered,
it is plain that every obstacle to the free cir
culation of commerce between the States
ought to be sternly guarded against by ap
propriate legislation, within the limits of the
Constitution.
The report of the Secretary of the Interior
explains the condition of the public lands,
the transactions of the Patent Office and the
Pension Bureau, the management of our
Indian affairs, the progress made in the
construction of the Pacific railroad, and fur
nishes information in reference to matters
of local interest in the District of Columbia.
It also presents evidence of the successful
operation of the Homestead Act, under the
provisions of which 1,160,533 acres of the
public lands were entered during the last
fiscal year—more than one-fourth of the
whole number of acres sold or otherwise
disposed of during that period. It is esti
mated that the receipts derived from this
source are sufficient to cover the expenses
incident to the survey and disposal of the
lands entered under this Act, and that pay
ments in cash to the extent of from forty to
fifty per cent. will be made by settlers, who
may thus at any time acquire title before
the expiration of the period at which it
would otherwise vest. The homestead pol
icy was established only after long and
earnest resistance; experience proves its
wisdom. The lands, in the hands of,Mdus
trious settlers, whose labor creates wealth
and contributes to the public resources, are
worth more to the United Statesthan if they
had been reserved as a solitude for future
purchasers.
The lamentable events of the last four
years, and the sacrifices made by the gal
lant men of our Army and Navy, have
swelled the records of the Pension Bureau
to an unprecedented extent. On the 10th
day of June last, the total number of pen
sioners was 55,050, requiring for their an
nual pay, exclusive of expenses, the sum of
$8,023,4-15. The number ofapplicat ions that
have been allowed since that date will re
quire a large increase of this amount for
the next fiscal year. The means for the
payment of the stipends due, under exist
ing laws, to our disabled soldiers and sail
ors, and the families of such us have per
ished in the service of the country, will no
doubt be cheerfully and promptly granted.
A grateful people will not hesitate to sanc
tion any measures having for their object
the relief of soldiers mutilated and families
made fatherless in the etlbrts to preser've
our national existence.
The report of the Postmaster General pre
sents an encouraging exhibit of the opera
tions of the Post Office Department during
the year. The revenues of the past year
from the loyal States alone exceeded the
maximum annual receipts from all the
States previous to the rebellion, in the sum
of $6,038,091 ; and the annual average in
crease of revenue during the last fouryears,
compared with the revenues of the four
years immediately preceding the rebellion,
was $3,5:33,845. The revenues of the last
fiscal year amounted to $14,556,158, and the
expenditures to $13,694,728,:1eaYing a surplus
of receipts over expenditures of $861,430.
Progress has been made in restoring the
postal service in the Southern States. The
views presented by the Postmaster General
against the policy of granting subsidies to
ocean mail steamship lines upon established
routes,land in favor of continuing the pres
ent system, which limits the compensation
for ocean service to the postage earnings, are
recommended to the careful consideration
of Congress.
It appears, from the report of the Secre
tary of the Navy, that while, at the com
mencement of the present year, there were
in commission 530 vessels of all classes and
descriptions, armed with 3,000 guns, and
manned by 51,000 men, the number of ves
sels at present in commission is 117, with
830 guns and 12,128 men. By this prompt
reduction of the naval forces the expenses
of the Government have been largely di
minished, and a number of vessels, pur
chased for naval purposes from the mer
chant marine, have been returned to the
peaceful pursuits of commerce. Since the
suppression of active hostilities our foreign
squadrons have been re-established, and
consist of vessels much more efficient than
those employed on similar service previous
to the rebellion. The suggestion for the
enlargement of the navy-yards, and espe
cially for the establishment of one in fresh
water for iron-clad vessels, is deserving of
consideration, as is also the recommends
don for a different location and more ample
grounds for the Naval Academy.
In the report of the Secretary of War, a
general summary is given of the military
campaigns of 1864 iniitlBll6,.eiditig - irt" the .
suppression of armed 'resistance to thank
tional - authority in thelninrgent BtateS.4:-
The Operations of general administra
tiveßnreaus of the War Department Oaring;
the past year are detailed, and an estimate
made of the appropriations that will be re-'
quired for military purposes in the • fiscal
year commencing the 30th day of June,
1866. The national military force on the
Ist of May, 1866, numbered 1,000516 men.
It is proposed to reduce the military
establishment to a peace footing; com
prehending fifty thousand troops of all
arms, organized so as to admit of
an enlargement by filling up the ranks
to eighty-two thousand six hundred, if the
circumstances of the country should require
an augmentation of the army. The volun
teer force has already been reduced oy the
discharge from service of over eight hun
dred thousand troops, and the Department
is proceeding rapidly in the workof further
reduction. The war estimates are reduced
from $516,210,131 to $33,814,461, which
amount, in the opinion of the Department,
is adequate for a peace establishment. The
measures of retrenchment in each Bureau
and branch of the service exhibit a diligent
economy worthy of commendation. Ref
erence is also made in the report to the ne
cessity of providing for a uniform militia
system, and to the propriety of making
suitable provision for wounded and dis
abled officers and soldiers.
The revenue system of the country is a
subject of vital interest to its honor and
prosperity, and should command the earn
est consideration of Congress. The Secre
tary of the Treasury will lay before you a
full and detailed report of the receipts and
disbursements of the last fiscal year, of the
first quarter of the present fiscal year, of
the probable receipts and expenditures for
the other three quarters, and the estimates
for the year following the 30th of Tune, 1866.
I might content myself with a reference to
that report, in which you will find all the
information required for your deliberations
and decision. But the paramount impor
tance of the subject so presses itself on my
own mind, that I cannot but lay beforeyou
my views of the measures which are re
quired for the good character, and, I might
almost say, for the existence of this people.
The life of a republic lies certainly in the
energy, virtue, and intelligence of its citi
zens ; but it is equally true that a good rev
enue system is the life of an organized gov
ernment. I meet you at a time when the
nation has voluntarily burdened itself with
a debt unprecedented in our annals. Vast
as is its amount, it fades away into nothing
when compared with the countless bless
ings that will be conferred upon our coun
try and upon swan by the preservation of
the nations life. Now, on the first occasion
of the meeting of Congress since the return
of peace, it is of the utmost importance to
inaugurate a just policy, which shall at
once be put in motion, and which shall com
mend itself to those who come after us for
its continuance. We must aim at nothing
less than the complete effacement of the fi
nancial evils that necessarily followed a
state of civil war. We must endeavor to
apply the earliest remedy to the deranged
state of the currency, and not shrink from
devising a policy which, without being op
pressive to the people, shall immediately
begin to effect a reduction of the debt, and,
if persisted in, discharge it fully within a
definitely fixed number of years.
It is our first duty to prepare in earliest
for our recovery from the ever-increasing
evils of an irredeemable currency, witlamt
a sudden revulsion, and yet without un
timely procrastination. For that end, we
must, each in our respective positions, pre
pare the way. I hold it the duty of the
Executive to insist upon frugality in the ex
penditures; and a sparing economy is itself
a great national resource. Of the banks to
which authority has been given to issue
notes secured by bonds of the United States
we nuty require the greatest moderation
and prudence, and the law must be rigidly
enforced when its limits are exceeded. We
may, each one of us, counsel our active and
enterprising countrymen to be constantly
on their guard, to liquidate debts contracted
in a paper currency, and, by conducting
business as nearly as possible on a system
of cash payments or short crediis, to hold
themselves prepared to return to the stand
ard of gold and silver. To aid our fellow
citizens in the prudent management of
their monetary affairs, the duty devolves
on us to diminish - by law the amount of pa
per money now in circulation. Five years
ago the bank-note circulation of the coun
try amounted to not much more than two
hundred millions; now the circulation, bank
and national, exceeds seven hundred mil
lions. The simple statement of the filet
recommends more strongly than any words
of mine could do, the necessity of our re
straining this expansion. The gradual re
duction of the currency is the only measure
that can save the business of the country
from disastrous calamities; and this can be
almost imperceptibly accomplished by
gradually funding the national circulation
in securities that may be made redeemable
at the pleasure of the Government.
Our debt is doubly secure—first in the ac
tual wealth and still greater undeveloped
resources of the country; and next in the
character of our institutions. The most in
telligent observers among political econo
mists have not failed to remark, that the
public debt of a country is sate in propor
tion as its people are free; that the debt of
a republic is the safest of till. Our - history
confirms and establishes the theory, and is,
I firmly believe, destined to give it a still
more signal illustration. The secret of this
superiority springs not merely front the fitet
_that in a republic the national obligations
are distributed more widely through count
less numbers in all classes of society ; it has
its root in the character of our laws. Here
all men contribute to the public welfare,
and bear their fair share of the public bur
dens. During the war, under the impulses
of patriotism, the men of the great body of
the people, without regard to their own
comparative want of wealth, thronged to
our armies and fitted our fleets of war, and
held themselves ready to offer their lives
fi,r the public good. Now, in their turn,
the property and income of the country
should bear their just proportion of the
burden of taxation, while in our impost
system, through means of which increased
vitality is incidentally imparted to all the
industrial interests of the nation, the
duties shall be so adjusted as to fall most
heavily on articles of luxury, leaving the
necessaries of life as free front taxation as
the absolute wants of the Government,
economically administered, willjustify. No
flivored class should demand freedom trout
assessment, and the taxes should be so dis
tributed as not to fall unduly on the poor,
but rather on the accumulated wealth of
the country. We should look at the national
debt just as it is—not as a national blessing,
but as a heavy burden on the induStry of
the country, to be discharged without tin
necessary delay.
It is estimated by the Secretary of the
Treasury that the expenditures tier the fis
cal year ending the 30th of June, 1800, will
exceed the receipts $112,194,947. It is grati
fying, however, to state that it is also esti
mated that the revenue for the year ending
the 30th of June, 1807, will exceed the ex
penditures in the sum of $3111,682,818. This
amount, or so much as may be deemed
sufficient for the purpose, may be applied
to the reduction of the public debt, which,
on the 31st day of October, 1805, was $2,740,-
85-1,750. Every reduction will diminish the
total amount of interest to be paid, and so
enlarge the means of still further reduc
tions, until the whole shall be liquidated ;
and this, as will be seen from the estimates
of the Secreiary of the Treasury, may be ac
complished by annual payments even with
in a period not exceeding thirty years. I
have faith that we shall do all this within a
reasonable time; that, as we have amazed
the world by the suppression of a civil war
which was thought to be beyond the control
of any Government, so we shall equally
show the superiority of our institutions by
the prompt and faithful discharge of our
national obligations.
The Department of Agriculture, under its
present direction, is accomplishing much in
developire , and utilizing the vast agricul
tural capabilities of the country, and for in
formation respecting the details of its man
agement, reference is made to the annual
report of the Commissioner.
I have dwelt thus fully on our domestic
ffairs because of their transcendent impor
tance. Under any circumstances, our great
extent of territory and variety of climate,
producing almost everything that is neces
sary for the wants, and even the comforts of
mail, make us singularly independent of
the varying policy of foreign Powers, and ,
protect us against every temptation to " en
tangling alliances," while at the present
moment the re-establishment of harmony,
and the strength that comes from harmony,
will be our best security against " nations
who feel power and forget right." For my
self, it has been and it will be my constant
aim to promote peace and amity with all
foreign nations and Powers ; and I have
every reason to believe that they all, with
out exception, are animated by the same
disposition. Our relations with the Emper
or of China, so recent in their origin, are
most friendly. Our commerce with his do
minions is receiving new developments;
and it is very pleasing to find that the Gov
ernment of that great empire manifests sat
isfaction with our policy, and reposes just
confidence in the fairness which marks our
intercourse. The unbroken harmony be
tween the United States and the Emperor of
Russia is receiving a new support from an
enterprise designed to carry telegraphic
lines across the continent of Asia, through
his dominions, and so to connect us with all
Europe by a new channel of intercourse.
Our commerce with South America is about
to receive encouragement by a direct line of
mail steamships to the rising Empire of
Brazil. The distinguished party of men of
science who have recently left our country
to make a scientific exploration of the natu
ral history and rivers and mountain ranges
of that region, have received from the Em
peror that generous welcome which was to
have been expected from his constant
friendship fbr the United States, and his
well-known zeal in promoting:the advance
ment of knowledge. A hope is entertained
that our commerce with the rich and popu
lous countries that border the Mediter
ranean sea may be largely increased. Noth
ing will be wanting, on the part of this
Government, to extend the protection of our
flag over the enterprise of our fellow-citi
zens. We receive from the Powers in that
region assurances of good will ; and it is
worthy of note that a special envoy has
ue Of Condolence on the
death of our late Chief Magistrate from the
Bey of Tunis; whose rule' includes the old
dominions- of Carthage, .on -the African
- - - - -
Our domestic contest, now happily ended,
has left some traces in_ our relations with
one at least of the great maritime Powers.
The formal accordance of belligerent rights
to the insurgent States was unprecedented,'
and has not been justified by the issue.—
But in the systems of neutrality pursued
by the Powers which made that concession,
there was a marked difference. The mate
rials of war for the insurgent States were
furnished, in a great measure, from the
wot kshops of Great Britain ; and 'British
ships, manned by British subjects, and pre
pared for receiving British armaments,
sallied from the ports of Great Britain to
make war on American commerce, under
the shelter of a commission from the insur
gent States. These ships, having once es
caped from British ports, ever afterwards
entered them in every part of the world, to
refit, and so to renew their depredations.—
The consequences of this conduct were most
disastrous to the States then in rebellion,
increasing their desolation and misery by
the prolongation of our civil contest. It
had, moreover, the effect, to a great extent,
to drive the American flag from the sea,
and to transfer much of our shipping and
our commerce to the very Power whose
subjects had created the necessity for such
a change. These events took place before
I was called to the administration of the
Government. The sincere desire for peace
by which I am animated led me to approve
the proposal, already made, to submit the
questions which had thus arisen between
the countries to arbitration. These ques
tions are of such moment that they must
have commanded the attention of the great
Powers, and are so interwoven with the
peace and interests of every one of them as
to have ensured an impartial decision. I
regret to inforta you that Great Britain de
(dined the arbitrament, but, on the other
hand, invited us to the formation of a joint
commission to settle mutual claims between
the two countries, from which those for the
depredations before mentioned. should be
excluded. The proposition, in that very
unsatisfactory form, has been declined.
The United States did not present the
subject us an impeachment of the good
faith of a Power which was professing the
most friendly dispositions, but as involv
ving questions of public law, of which the
settlement is essential to the peace of na
tions; and, though pecuniary reparation to
their injured citizens would have followed
incidentally on a decision against Great
Britain, such compensation was not their
primary object. They had a higher motive,
and it was in the interests of peace and jus
tice to establish important principles of in
ternational law. The correspondence will
be placed before you. The ground on which
the British Minister rests his justification
is, substantially, that the municipal law of
a nation, and the domestic interpretations
of that law, are the measure of its duty as
a neutral ; and I feel bound to declare my
opinion, before you and before the world,
that that justification cannot be sustained
before the tribunal of nations. At the same
time I do not advise to any present attempt
at redress by acts of legislation. For the
future, friendship between the two croun
tries must rest on the basis of mutual jus
tice.
Front the moment of the establishment of
our free Constitution, the civilized world
has been convulsed by revolutions in the
inters t of democracy or of monarchy ; but
through all those revolutions the United
States have wisely and firmly refused to
l.cunie propagandists of republicanism.
It is the only government suited to our con
dition; but we have never sought to im
pose it on others; and we have consistently
followed the advice of Washington to re
commend it only by the careful preserva
tion and prudent use of the blessing. Dur
ing all the intervening period the policy of
European Powers and of the United States
has, on the whole, been harmonious. Twice,
indeed, rumors of invasion of some parts of
America in the interest of monarchy, have
prevailed; twice my predecessors have had
occasion to announce the views of this na
tion in respect to such interference. On
both occasions the remonstrance - of the
Uhited States was respected, from a deep
conviction, on the part of European Gov
ernments, that the system of non-interfer
ence and mutual abstinence front propagan
dism was the true rule for the two hemis
pheres. Since those times we have advanc
ed in wealth and power; but we retain the
sante purpose to leave the nations of Europe
to choose their own dynasties and form
their own systems of government. This
consistent moderathin may justly demand
a corresponding moderation. We should
regard it as a great calamity to ourselves,
to the cause of good government, and to the
peace of the world, should any European
Prover challenge the American people, as it
were, to the defence of republicanism
against foreign interference. We cannot
foresee and are unwilling to consider
what opportunities might present them
selves, what combinations might offer to
protect ourselves against designs inimical
to our form of government. The United
States desire It, act in the future as they
have ever acted heretofore; they never will
be driven from that course but by the ag
gression of European Powers ; and we rely
on the wisdom and justice of those Powers
to respect the system of non-interference
which has so long been sanctioned by time,
anti which, by its good results, has approved
itself to both continents.
The correspondence between the United
States and France, in reference to questions
which have become subjects of discussion
between the two Governments, will, at a
proper time, be laid before Congress.
hen ' on the organization of our Gov
ernment, under the Constitution, the Presi
dent of the United States delivered his in
augural address to the two Houses of Con
gress, he said to them, and through them to
the country and to mankind, that " the
preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and
the destiny of the republican model of gov
ernment are justly considered as deeply,
perhaps as finally staked an the expert
meld intrusted to the American people. - -
And the House of Representatives answer
ed Washington liy the voice of Madison:
"We adore the invisible hand which has
led the American people, through so many
difficulties, to cherish a conscious responsi
bility for the destiny of republican liberty."
More than seventy-six years have glided
away since these words were spoken ; the
United States have passed through severer
trials than were forseseen ; and now, at
this new epoch in our existence as one
nation, with our Union purified by sor
rows, and strengthed by conflict. and
established by the virtue of the people,
the greatness of the occasion invites us
once inure to repeat, with solemnity, the
pledges of our fathers to hold ourselves ans
werable before our fellow-men fin - the suc
cess of the republican form of government.
Experience has proved its sufficiency in
peace and in war; it has vindicated its
authority through dangers, and afflictions,
and sudden and terrible emergencies, which
would have crushed any system that had
been less firmly fixed in the heart of the
people. At the inauguration of Washing
ton the foreign relations of the country were
few, and its trade was repressed by hostile
regulations ; now all the civilized nations
of the globe welcome our commerce,
and
their Governments profess towards us
amity. Then our country felt its way hesi
tatingly along an untried path, with States
so little bound together by rapid means of
communication as to be hardly known to
one another, and with historic traditions
extending over very few years ; now inter
course between the States is swift and inti
mata ; the experience of centuries has been
crowded into a few generations, and has
en_ at Al an intense, indestructible nation
ality. Then our jurisdiction did not reach
beyond the inconvenient boundaries of the
territory which had achieved independence;
now, through cessions of lands, first colo
nized by Spain and France, the country has
acquired a more complex character, and has
for its natural limits the chain of Lakes, the
Gulf of Mexico, and on the east and the
west the two great oceans. Other nations
were wasted by civil wars for ages before
they could establish for themselves the
necessary degree of unity ; the latent con
viction that our form of government is the
best ever known to the world, has enabled
I us to emerge from civil war within four
years, with a complete vindication of the
constitutional authority of the General Gov
ernment, and with our local liberties and
State institutions unimpaired. The throngs
of emigrants that crowd to our shores are
witnesses of the confidence of all peoples in
our permanence. Here is the great land of
free labor, where industry is blessed with
unexampled rewards, and the bread of the
workingman is sweetened by the conscious
ness that the cause of the country " is his
own cause, his own safety, his own - dignity."
Here every one enjoys the free use of his
faculties and the choice of activity as a
natural right. Here, under the combined
influence of fruitful soil, genial climes, and
happy institutions, population has increas
ed tifteen ; fold within a century. Here,
through the easy development of bound
less resources, wealth has increased with
two-fold greater rapidity than numbers, so
that we have become secure against the
financial vicissitudes of other countries, and
alike in business and in opinion, are self
centred and truly independent. Here more
and more care is given to provide education
for every one born on our soil. Here reli
gion,
released from political connection
with the civil government, refuses to sub
serve the craft of statesmen, and becomes,
in its independence, the spiritual-life of the
people. Here toleration is extended to
every opinion, in the quiet certainity that
truth needs only a fair field , to secure the
victory. Here the human mind goes forth
unshackled in the pursuit of science, to col
lect stores of knowledge and acquire an ever
increasing mastery , over the forces of nature.
Here the national domain is offered and
held in millions of separate freeholds, so
that Our fellow-citizens, beyond the occu
pants of any other part of the earth, consti
tute in reality a people. Here exists the
democratic form of goverment; and that
form of government, by the confession of
European statesmen, gives is power of
which no other form is capable, because it
incorporates every man with the State, and
arouses every thing that belongs to the
soul."
Where, baptist history, does a parallel ex
ist to the public happmess.Whieh is within
the reach offhe feopie of the United States?
Where, in any pqt of the globe, mut
• •
?bond so suited to theit
so entitled to their love as their own free
Constitution? Everyone ofthem, then, in
whatever part of the - land he has his home,
,must wish its perpetuity. Who of them
will not now acknowledge, in the words of
Washington, that " every step by which the
people of the 'United States have advanced
to the character of an independent nation,
seems to have been distinguished by some
token of Providential agency?" Who will
not join with me in the prayer, that the in
visible hand which has led us through the
clouds that gloomed around our path, will
BO guide us onward to a perfect restoration
of fraternal affection, that we of this day
may be able to transmit our great inheri
tance, of State Governments in all their
rights, of the General Government In its
whole constitutional vigor, to our posterity,
and they to theirs through countless gene
rations? ANDREW JOHNSON.
WASHINGTON, December 4, 1865.
Botirts.
Itch ! Itch!! Itch ! !I
SCRATCH ! SCRATCH SCRATCH !! !
WHEATO '8 OINTMENT,
WILL CURE THE ITCH IN 48 HOURS.
Also, cares Salt Rheum, Ulcers, Chilblains
and all Eruptions of the Skin.
Price 50 cents.
For sale by all Druggists.
By sending 50 cents to
- - - - - -
WPFKS it,. POTTER,
Sole Agents,
170 Washington street,
Boston, Mass.
It will be forwarded by mall, free of postage,
to any part of the United States.
sep
Sir-Deafness, Blindness and Catarrh,
Treated with the utmost success, by Dr. J.
ISAACS, Oculist and Aurist, (formerly of Ley
den, Holland,) No, 519. Pine Street, Philadel
phia. Testimonials from the most reliable
sources in the City and Country can be seen at
his office. The medical faculty are invited to
accompany their patients, as he has no secrets
_in his practice. Artificial eyes inserted with
out pain. No charge made for examination.
dee 6 imw-48
dirflubbel's Golden Bitters.
A PURELY VEGETABLE TONIC,
INVIGORATING AND STRENGTHENING
Fortifies the system against the evil effects of
Unwholesome water.
Will cure Weakness.
Will cure General Debility.
Will Cure Heartburn.
Will cure Heartburn.
Will cure Headache.
Will cure Liver Complaint.
Will excite and create a healthy appetite.
Will invigorate the organs of digestion and
moderately increase the temperature of the
body and the force of the circulation, acting in
fact asa general corroborant of the system, con
taining no poisonous drugs, and is
The BEST TONIC BITTERS in the WORLD.
A fair trial is earnestly solicited.
GEO. C. HUBBEL & CO., PROPRIETORS, HUD
SON, N. Y.
Central Depot American Express Building,
H HUDSON ST. NEW YORK.
Druggists. ea.. For sale by Grocers &c.
H. E. Slaymaker, Agent, Lancaster,
Wholesale Agent.
For sale by Daniel H. Heitshu and C. A.
Heinitsb loct 20 tfw 41
alt-The Great English Remedy. Sir
James Clark's Celebrated Female Pills! Pre
pared from a prescription of Sir J. Clark, M.
Extraordinary to the Queen.
This well known medicine is uo imposition,
but a sure and safe remedy for Female Difficul
ties and Obstructions, from any cause what
ever; and, although a powerful remedy, It con
tains nothing hurtful to the constitution.
To Married Ladies it is peculiarly suited. It
will in a short time, bring on the monthly
period with regularity.
In all cases of Nervous and Spinal Affections,
pain in the Back and Limbs, Heaviness, Fatigue
on slight exertion, Palpitation of the Heart,
Lowness of Spirits, Hysterics, Sick Headache,
Whites, and all the painful diseases occasioned
by a disordered system, these pills will effect a
cure when all other means have failed.
These pills have never been known to fail
where the directions on the 2d page of Pamph
let are well observed.
For full particulars, get a pamphlet, free, of
the agent.. Sold by all Druggists. Price SI per
bottle.
Sole United States Agent,
JOB MOSES, 27 Cortland St., New York.
N. B.—sl and 6 postage stamps enclosed to any
authorized agent will insure a bottle contain
ing over 50 pills by return mail. nolli-lyw
AKir- We Clip the following from one of
the Philadelphia Daily ;Papers. Our people
visiting or sending down to the city, would do
well to make a note of it :
WANAIRAR ER an BROWN'S FINE
CLOTHING.
This establishment, locat,d at the Cor. of 6th
and Market streets, Philadelphia, familiarly
known as "OAK HALL," is probably the
largest and best conducted " Ready Made,"
Clothing and Merchant Tailoring House, In
the State. Their superior styles, excellent
workmanship and moderation in prices, have
made their House deservedly popular
In their CUSTOM DEPARTMENT, were ele
gant GARMENTS are MADE CO ORDEN, none but
the very best Artists are employed, and the
fine assortment of Materials to select from,
enables every o- e to be well suited.
samples will be sent by Mail, and instruc
tions for measuring, when written for.
novB Btw 44
la- A Modern Miracle!
FROM OLD AND YOUNG, FROM RICH
and poor, from high-born and lowly, comes the
universal voice of praise for
HALL'S VEGETABLE
SICILLIAN HAIR RENEWER.
It is a perfect and miraculous article. Cures
baldness. Makes hair grow. A better dressing
than any " oil " or " pomatum." Softens brash,
dry and wiry hair into beautiful silken Tresses.
But above all, the great wonder is the rapidity
with which it restores GRAY HAIR TO ITS
ORIGINAL COLOR.
Use it a few times, and
PRESTO CHANGE!
The whitest and worst-looking hair resumes
its youthful beauty. It does not dy the hair,
but strikes at the root, and rills it with new
life and coloring matter.
It will not take a long, disagreeable trial to
prove the truth of this matter. The first appli
cation will do good; you will see the NATUR
AL COLOR retirning every day, and
BEFORE YOU KNOW IT
the old gray
discolored appearance of the Hair will be gone,
giving place to lustrous, shining and beautiful
locks.
Ask for HALL'S SICILIAN HAIR RENEW
ER, no other article Is at all like it in effect.—
You will find it
CHEAH TO BUY,
PLEAS-NT TO TRY, and
SURE TO DO YOU. GOOD!
There are many imitations. Be sure you
procure the genuine, manufactured only by
R. P. HALL & CO..
Nashua, N. H.
For sale in Lancaster by all Druggist, and by
JOHNSTON, HOLLOWAY A COW DEN, and
FRENCH, RICHARD & CO., Philadelphia.
July 29 3mw 29
Nluriagto;
WILSIC—MCSPARREN.--OU the :3./th ult. by
Rev. J. J. Strine, Matthias N i'son, to Miss
Sarah A. McSparren, both of Providence twp.,
•
this county.
RRI--PPicE.--On the 3d Inst., in this city,
by Alderman Joan M. Amweg, Mr. Amos Har
ris to Miss Sarah Ann Price, both of Colerain
twp., this county.
HELM—DuNLAP.—On Nov. 9th, by Rev. J, V.
Eckert, Mr. Martin L. Helm, of Hart, to Miss
\lartha Dunlap, of Eden township.
MOWILILB-CiliOFF.—On N ov. 30th, by the same,
Mr. George M. Mowrer, of Eden, to Miss Eliza
beth S. Groff, of Providence twp.
SMITII—WEIDLER.-011 tile Hlh of NOVeln.
her, by the Rev. W. T. Gerhard, Mr. Henry
Smith, of Penn, to Miss Caroline L. Weidler,
of Manheim two.
pratho
McGRADY.—In this city, on Tuesday, No-
Yember 28th, Mrs. Bridget McGrady, in the 3Uth
year of her age.
HARTMAN.—In this city, on the 29th
Letitia, daughter of John and Sarah Ha tman,
ged 1 year, 4 months and 20 days.
PEOPLCS.—Ou Lae 2d inst., in this city, John
Peoples, in the 40th year of his age.
GAS r.—On the ad inst., in this city Katie
Elizabeth, daughter of William and Sarah
Gast, aged 10 months and 7 days.
PHELPt —At the residence of her mother,
Mrs. Governor tit orge B. Porter, Lancaster,
Pa., Mrs. Sarah L. Porter, wife of Oliver Phelps,
Jr., of Canandaigua, New York, in the 30th
year of her age.
"She lit her lamp at Truth's eternal sun,
And now she glories in her Heavenly home:"
Ittarkets.
The Markets at Noon To-day
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. s.—There is less doing
in Petroleum with sales of 3.660 bids at 38 34®
40c.; Relined in bond at 66®60c., and Free at 81
88c.
The Flour market is dull. with small sales of
Superfine at 87.50@8; 88.50@9 for Extras; s9@lo
for Northwestern Extra Family, and slo.2rAc.ll
for Penn'a and Ohio do.
No change in Rye FlMt, or Cornmeal.
Wheat is dull; 2,00 J bus new Red Wheat sold
at $2.25@2.31, and small :ots of White at $2..50®
2.75.
Rye is steady at $l.lO.
Corn is dull, with sales of 6,000 bus Yellow at
85e for old, and new 78®81, according to dryness.
Oats sells slowly at, .18@.50.
Whlslre sells slowly at $2.3602.37.
NEW YORK, Nov. s.—Cotton IS firm.
Flour has ecilned s®lo cents; sales of 6,0110
bbls. at $7.20®8.50 for State, 88.50@10.30 for Ohio,
and $7@8.30 f r Western. Soothe n easier;
sales of 858 bbls at $8.90e15. Canadian is 5,@,10c
lower; sales of 250 bbls at $8®11.50.
Wheat is dull aad nominally lower.
Corn is dull; sales of 38,000 bus at 9 3 495 c.
Beef steady.
Pork is heavy at $28®28.2.5 for mess.
Lard is heavy at slB®22c.
Whiskey is steady but quiet.
BALTIMORE, Dec. s.—Flour is heavy for Com
mon ; Choice firm.
Wheat scarce and doll.
Corn active and I@r2c lower.
Seeds firm.
Flaxseed $3.15.
Oats steadS ,
Bacon and Lard heavy.
Whiskey dull at 92.31.
Staek Markets. -
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 5.
Penns. s'e
--- 89%
Morrie
ReadigCanal 80
n Itallrcad
...... 57%
Long Island.
Penoldna. Railroad_ _
56%
—......-..148
G
Exchange on New York, par.
NEW Yonx, Dec. 5.
- - - -
Cumberland and Erie
Chicago and Rock Island 1 3
Cumberland Ped... 43 1 44
Illinois CentraL -
Do Ronda .............
Michigan Sontb ern ....... _....- ...... 76
Do Guaranteed --
New York Central. In%
Pennsylvania Coal
/15M
Hudson Rives - - - 7 -
Coupons l. :17 . . 107
5-20's 1802 10
Do 1865 00A
.
Carolinas ' _
Tennessee 6's
One year certificates ' - ... ....
Treasury 7849, . . -...,
- ve%
5-20's .... -,--
00urinii . ......... .. . .. . . . ... ....4..-. ...... ....: .. . . - .... .-
60 /Y-1 . -.. . "mg%
rlbuahenpntf~Csittleibilket:
PETWOUMPRIA3 ZdondaY,:Dec,
The cattle market continues dull. At former
rates, with large-recelpts;reaching about 2 800
head. -lat quality Pennsylvania and Western
steers selling at from 16g117c., a few choice at
1730; fair to good at 1.4@15j4c, and common at
from 11101130 per fb as to quality ; prime cattle
continue very scarce and in demand.
The followingar t s the particulms of the sales:
140 Mooney & m th, western.....--. 14 @I
134 Ullman & Co., western...-..............1834@ 17
50 E. 8. McFillen, western.....-- .... .....15 8016
42 Jones McCleese, western, grs 6340 7
150 J. McFlllen, western 15 @l6
2.35 ft. L. dr. J. Frank, western .14 @l6
18 Sturm & Co., Pa.-- 14 @l5
Dryfoos & Dryfoos, @l6
76 Hope & Co., Pa .14 8016
40 Ch, 'sty & Brothers, Pa., gra 7 @ 8
164 H. Chain, Ohio gra 6 %g. 7 %
115 Martin Fuller A Co., western ..... ....14 @l7
80 J. 8. Kirk, Chester co. and WM 15(81W,
100 P. Hathaway, western 15 @l e.%
85 P. McFlllen, western 14 @l7
20 3. Christie, Illinois 14 @tl4%
69 Owen Smith, Ohio 14 @16%
32 Christy & Wildey, Ohio, gm_ .... 7
21 C. Dangler, Cheater county 13 @lB
30 A. Kennedy, western 14 @l5
38 G. Cohen, Indiana, grs 7 @ 834
Hogs—Prices have declined sl@2 the 100 lbs.
and the market is very dull; about 5,000 head
arrived and sold at the different yards at from
312415 the 100 lbs. net, as to quality.
Cows—Continue in good demand and prices
are rather better ; 100 head sold at from $50@190
for springers and $75@100 per head for ranch
Cows, as to quality.
SimisP—Are dull and rather lower owing to
the large receipts, which reach about 9,000 head,
selling at from 131 , 87,11. c per lb. gross, for good
fat sheep 83.50;g4.50 far stock sheep and SICY ,
per headfor lambs, as to quality.
New 2dutrtiotments.
FARMERS' NATIONAL BANK OF LANCASTER, 1
LANCASTER, December sth, 1805. ,
NOTICE.—An Election for
/24 Thirteen Directors of this Bank to serve
for the ensuing year, will be held at the Bank
ing House ON THE 10th DAY OF JANUARY
NEXT, between the hours of 10 A. M., and 3
P. M.
The annual meeting of the Stockholders will
be held at the Banking House ON THE bra
DAY OF JANUARY NEXT, at 2 o'clock, P. H.
dec 7 4tw 48 EDW. H. BROWN, Cashier.
TN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF
J_ Lancaster County.
Henry D. Shultz, 10f Aptil Term, 1865, No.
vs. 136, Domestic Each-
Peter Brenneman. went.
Public notice is hereby given by the under
signed, that they have been appointed t y the
Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster county,
Trustees of the estate of Peter Breneman : All
persons indebted to the said Peter Brenneman,
or holding property belonging to him, are here
by notified to pay and deliver all such sums of
money and property to the undersigned, and
all creditors to present their respective ac
counts or demands immediately.
HENRY D. SHULTZ,
SAMUEL P. GROFF,
JOHN WINTE RS,
Trustees, &e.
Lime Valley, Lampeter P. 0.
deo 8 ltd,t6tw•,:iB
PIANOS! PIANOS!
My Piano Fortes which have been awarded
numerous HIGH PRIZE MEDALS, for years
past in this country and in Europe, for their
decided superiority, are still manufactured in
this city, where their excellence has been long
acknowledg-d and universally admired. In
delicacy and sweetness of tone, with purity and
power, they are unequalled, and fully warrant
ed on the most reasonable terms.
CONRAD MEYER,
No. 722, Arch Street, Philadelphia.
dec
F ARMERS' - MUTUAL INSURANCE CO
The Members of the aboye Company, will
take notice that an Election for Officers of the
said Company for the ensuing year, will be held
at the Exchange Hotel, in the city of Lancaster,
on SATURDAY, the 30th day of DFCEMBER,
next, between the hours of 1 and 4 o'clock, p. m.
By order of the Board of Directors.
de,. 6 3tw. JOHN STROHM, Sec'y.
ESTATE OF GEO. PEALL. DECEASED.
—Letters Testamentary on the estate of
of George Prall-rate of Drumore township, Lan
caster county, deceased, having been granted
to the subscribers residing in said township :
All peisons indebted to said estate are request
ed to make immediate payment, and those
having claims will present them, without de
lay, properly authenticated for settlement.
WILLIAM LEE
AGNES L. BALL,
Executors
dec 8-6tm
ESTATE OF REUBEN BURRY ..... LET
ters of Administration on the estate of
Reuben Burry, late of East Cocallco township,
deceased, having been granted to the subscriber
re.lcang in said township: All persons in
debted to said estate are requested to make Im
mediate :payment, and those having claims
will present them, without delay, properly au
thenticated for settlement.
CYRUS REAM,
dec 8 6tw 48 Administrator.
ESTATE OF JOHN BURRY, LATE OF
East Cocalico township, deceased.—Letters
or Administration on said estate having been
granted to the undersigned, all persons indebt
ed thereto are requested to make immediate
settlement, and those having claims or de
mands against the same will present them
without delay for settlement to the undersign
ed, residing in said township.
C YRUS REAM,
Administrator
=ECM
WASHINGTON HOUSE,
EITIHEIMMEII
CHESTNUT STREET, (ABOVE 7T11)
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
This old established and popular Hotel has
been thoroughly renovated and newly Pu
nished, and is present, d to the public us being
in every particular a Hotel suited to their
wants. The patronage of the public is respect
fully solicited by 12,11A.5, M. ALLMOND,
dec 5 3md.twl Manager.
VALUABLE REAL ESTATE AT PUB.
11c Sale.—On TUESDAY, the 26th day
of DECEMBER, 1665, on the premises, the un
dersigned Administrator oft he estates of John
Burry and Reuben Burry, late of Reamstown,
East Cocalico township, Lancaster county,
will, pursuant to orders of the Orphan's Court
of said county, sell the following real estate,
holding the said decedents as tenants in com
mon :
A LOT OF GROUND in said village, fronting
the Lancaster and Reading road, and adjoin
ing properties of Curi,tian Echternach, George
Fry and. the Misses Carpenter. The improve
ments consist of a double one-story LOG
DWELLING HOUSE, large enough for two
families to occupy, with a good barn and other
improvements in good condition.
Sale to commence at one o'clock P. M., when
terms will be made known by _ _
CYRUS REAM,
dee 6-taw-48 Administrator of said estates
PUBLIC SALE.--THE SUBSCRIBER IN
tending to move West, will sell at public
sale, on his premises, on MONDAY, the Ist
day of JANUARY. 1866, at 9 o'clock, A. M., the
VALUABLE FARM on which he now resides,
situated between the Gettysburg and Ditties=
town Roads, about 2 miles 'rom Taneytown,
Carroll county, Md., and adjoining lands of
Sterling Galt, James and Robert Knox, and
others. This farm contains
208 A'CRES,
more or less, under good fencing, laid off into
convenient sized fields, and in a figh state of
cultivation, it having had over 25,000 bushels
of lime thereon within the last few years.—
farm Is well watered, having two never
failing Springs of Water no .r the door. There
is an excellent YOUNG - ORCHARD of every
variety of Fruit Trees, with Peach, Pear, Apri
cot, Plum, and other trees. There is a sufficient
quantity of WOODLAND, also a large quantity
of excellent Me , dow Land. The improve
ments consist of a ROUGH CAST DWELLING
HOUSE, a large Weatherboarded BARN, with
Corn Crib, large Wagon Sh= d, Smoke House,
Hog House, and all necessary out-buildings.
Also, at the same time and place I will sell
TWO WOOD LOT-I,
containing each 4 y Acres, more or less situ=
ated near Sell's Mill. Any person wishing to
view the property can do so any time. Posses
sion given on the Ist of April.
Terms made known on day of sale.
dec 6 2tsw 481 SAMUEL NULL.
RPHANS' COURT SALE---ON WED
NESDAY, DE EMBER 27, 1861—By virtue
of an Order of the Orphans' Court of the county
of Lancaster, the administrators o'f the estate
of Evan Rogers, deceased, late of Carnarvon
township, will expose for sale, on the premises,
all the right and interest of the said deceased,
in the following described properties:
No.l, All that certain Lot, two-story FRAME
DWELLING HOUSE, with a Cabinet-maker
Shop, Stable, Fruit Trees, and other Improve
ments on the premises, situate in the village
of ( hurchtown, Lancaster county, and ad
joining lands of Hannah Wissier, Elizabeth
Rei gar t, John Myers and others, containing
1 ACRE AND 25 PERCHES,
more or less.
No. 2, All that certain lot of Land, lying on
the North side of the village of Chutchtown,
bounded by the lands of Samuel Huston, de
ceased, Coleman R. Jacobs, deceased, A. Lin
coln and others, and on the public turnpike
road, con tai ning
12 ACRES AND 49 PERCHES,
more or less.
The improvements on this property are a
Stone and Frame two-story DWELLING
HOUSE.. small Frame Dwelling House, Barn
with Threshing Floor, :Corn Crib, a good well
of never-failing water, a Wash House a nd Cis
tern. There:is a choice variety of Fruit Trees,
and the land is under good cultivation. This
property twill be sold in whole or parts to suit
purchasers. These properties are beautifully
ocated in the centre of the village of Church
town, are suitable for any kind of business,aud
very desirable as residences.
JAMEL McCAA,
SAMUEL LINCOLN, Jr.,
• Administrators.
At the same time and place, and on the same
terms, Lot Rogers, surviving partner of the
E
.4
late firm of Lot van Rogers, will offer for
sale his undivided interest In the same p open ,
ties, thus transferring to purchasers the full ti
tle and interest to the whole of both the above
described eligible properties.
dec 8 tsw-48 I,OT ROGERS.
ItZiorrilantowS.
ELEGANT GIFT BOORS I
CHILDREN'S TOY BOOKS ! !
ENGLISH JUVENILES!!!
BOYS' AND GIRLS' BOOKS !!!!
STANDARD WORKS,
BOOKS OF POETRY,
BIOGRAPHY, TRAVELS, FICTION AND
H iSTORY
PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, BIBLES AND PRAYER
Books.
The handsomest. and largest assortme , t In
the city of Philadelphia, Avoid the rush of
Christmas week and make your selections now
whilst the stock is full. The number of most
of the new Holiday books being very limited
this season, we advise an early call, or many
will he disappointed in not obtaining what
they desire, The lowest cash prices will be
asked for our goods.
ASHMEAD dr. EVANS
No. 724 CHESTNUT STREET
nov29 2mw 47 Opposite the Masonic Hall.
DR. J. G. MOORE'S
. •
DENTAL OFFICE,
On the ,9:446 fait arner of Nora Queen and
.Orange Streets,
Ovira ti szyrnalanrga's BOOK STOKE.
—Entrance to office, 214 door . on Orange
street, O. • sept Q 0147 •
THE GREAT tiMn:N4MMM . ff G TONIC
(NOT At ,W/i3BILY PTOZE.MMTION.)
HOOPLAND'S
GERMAN BITTERS,
WILL mat,
DEBILITY! DEBILITY!
resulting from any cause whatever
PROSTRATION OF THE SYSTEM,
SEVERE HARDSHIPS,
EXPOSURE,
DISEASES OF CAMP LIFE
SOLDLECRS, Crrizins - s, MA T.V. on FsmeLn,
ADULT OR YOUTH,
Will find In this Bitters a pure Tonic, not de
dendent on bad liquors for their almost
miraculous effects.
DYSPEPSIA,
DISEASES RESULTING FROM DISORDPRIA
LIVER AND DIGESTIVE ORGANS,
ARE CURED BY
HOOFLAND'S GERMAN BITTERS,
This Bitters has performed more Cures,gives
better Satisfaction, has more Testimony, has
more Respectable People to vouch for it, than
any other articles in the market.
We defy any one to contradict this assertion,
AND WILL PAY 81000
to any one who will produce a certificate pub
lished by us that Is not genuine.
HOOFLAND'S GERMAN BITTERS,
CHRONIC OR NERVOUS DEBILITY,
AND DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYSt
Observe the following systoms resulting from
disorders of the digestive organs:
Constipation, Inward Piles, Fulness of Blood
to the Head, Acidity of the Stomach, Nan
sea, Heartburn, Disgust for Food, Ful
ness or Weight in the Stomach,
Sour Eructations, Sinking or
Fluttering at. the Pit of the
Stomach, Swimming of
the Head, Hurried and
difficult Breathing,
Fluttering at
the Heart,
Choking
or Suffocat
ing Sensations
when in a lying
Posture, Dimness of
Vision, Dots or Webs be
fore the Sight, Fever and Dull
Pain in the Head, Deficiency of
Perspiration, Yellowness of the Skin
and Eyes, Pain in the Side, Back, Chest,
Limbs, &c., Sudden Flushes of Heat, Burn
ing In the Flesh, Constant imaginings of Evil,
and great Depression of Spirits.
REMEMBER,
That this Bitters is not Alcoholic, contatnsno Rum
or Whisk - y, and cannot make Drutkai•ds, but
is the best Banic in the World.
READ WHO SAYE SO
* * * • *
From Rev. W. D. Seigfrled, Pastor of Twelfth
Baptist Church, Philadelphia.
Gentlemen :—I have recently been laboring
under the distressing etiects of indigestion, ac
companied by a prostration of the nervous sys
tem. Numerous remedies were recommended
by friends, and some of them tested, but with
out relief. Your Hootiand's German Bitters
were recommended by persons who had tried
them, and whos4 favorable mention of these
Bitters induced me to try them. I must con
fess that I nod an aversion to Patent Medicines
from the "thousand and one" quack "Bit
ters," whose only aim seems to be to palm off
sweetened and drugged liquor upon the com
munity in a sly way, and the tendency of
which, I fear, is to make many a confirmed
drunkard. Upon learning that yours was
really a medicinal preparation I took it with
happy effect. Its action, not only upon the
stomach, but upon the nervous system, was
prompt and gratifying. I feel that I have de
rived great and permanent bane= from the
use of a few bottles.
Very respectfully yours, _
W. D. SEIGFRIED,
No. 254 Shackamazon Street.
A
From the Rev. F.D. Frkdall t Assistant Editor
Christian Chronicle, Philadelphia.
I have derived decided benefit from the use
of Hootland's German hitters, and ieel it my
privilege to recommend them as a most valua
ble tonic, to all who are suffering from gen
eral debility or from diseases arising from de
rangement of the liver.
Yours truly
E. D. FENDALL.
From Rev. D. 114errlge, Pastor of the Passyunk
Baptist Church, Philadelphia.
From the many respectable recommenda
tions given to Dr. Hoof - load's German Bitters,
I was induced to give them a trial. After
using several bottles I found them to be a good
remedy for debility, and a most excellent tonic
for the stomach.
From Rev. Wm. Smith formerly Pastor of the
Vincenttown and MlByrne (N. J.) Baptist
Churches.
Having used in my family a number of bot
tles of your ilootiand's German Bitters, I have
to say that I regard them as an excellent med
icine, specially adapted to remove the diseases
they are recommended for. They strengthen
and invigorate the system when debilitated,
and are useful in disorders of the liver, loss of
app. Lite, &c. I have also recommended them
to several of my friends, who have tried them,
and found them greatly heneliclad in the resto
ration of health.
Yours truly
WILLIAM SMITH
U 66 Hutchinson street, Philadelphia,.
From the Rev. Levi G. Beck Pastor of the
Baptist Church, Pemberton, N. J. formerly of
the North Baptist Church, Philadelphia, at pre
sent Pastor of the Baptist Church, Chester, Pa.
I have known Hooflaud's German Bitters
favorably for a number of years' I haVefused
them in my own family, and have been so
pleased with the it effects, that I was induced
to recom in end them to many others, and know
that they have operated in a strikingly benefi
cial manner. I take great pleasure in thus
publicly proclaiming this fact, and calling the
attention of those afflicted with the diseases for
which they are recommended, to these Bitters,
knowing from experience that my recommen
dation will be sustained. Ido this more cheer
ll as Hoofland's Bitters is intended to benefit
the afflicted, and is " not a rum drink."
Yours, truly,
LEVI G. BECK.
• • • • • s,
From Rev. J. Newton Brown, D. D., Editor of
the Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge and
Christian Chronicle, Philadelphi ..
Although not disposed to favor or recom
mend Patent Medicines in general, through.
distrust of their ingredients and effects, I yet
know of no sufficient reasons why a man may
nut testify to the b , - neflts he believes himself to
have received from any simple preparation, in
the hope that he may thus c.ntribute to the
benefit of others.
I do this the more readily in regard to Roof.'
land's German Bitters, prepared by Dr. C. M.
Jackson, of this city, because I was prejudiced
against them for many years under the im
pression that they were chledy an alcoholic
mixture. I am indebted to my friend Robert
shoemaker, Esq., for the removal of this prejn- -
dice by proper tests and for encouragementto
try them when suffering from great and long
continued debility. The use of three bottles of
these Bitters at tne beginning of the present
year, was followed by evident relief and restor.
ation to a degree of bodily and mental vigor
which I had not felt for six months before, and
had almost despaired of regaining. I therefore
thank God and my friend directing me to the
use of them. J. NEWTON BROWN
Philadelphia.
From the Rev. Thos. Winter, D. D., Pastor of
Roxborough Baptist Church.
Dear Sir : I feel it due to your excellent prep.
aration, Roofland's German Bitters, to add
my testimony to the deserved reputation It has
obtained. I have for years, at times, been
troubled with great disorder in my head and
nervous system. I was advised by a friend to
try a bottle of your German Bitters. I did so.
and have experienced great and unexpected
relief; my health nes been very materially
benefitted, I conilden ly recommend the arti
cle where I meet with cases similar to my own,
and have been assured by many of their good
effects. Respectfully yours,
T. WINTER, Roxborongh, Pa.
From Rev. J. S. Herman, of the German Re
formed Church, Rutztown, Berke County, Pa.
Respected Sir; I have been troubled with
Dyspepsia nearly twenty years, and have nev
er used any medicine that did so much good as
Hoofland's Bitters. lam very muchimproved
in health, after having taken ft ttles.
Yours, with respect, .1.714:' HERMAN.
__ _ •
BEWARE OF COb;NTERFEITS
See that the signature of "C. M. JACKSON "
is on the wrapper of each bottle.
PRICE.
SINGLE BOTTLE_ ONE
_DOLLAR, OR A
HALF DOZEN FOR 85.
Should your nearest druggist not have the
article do not be put off by any of the intoxi
cating preparations that may be offered in lie
place, but send tons and we will forward, se
curely packed by express.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND MANUFACTORY.
NO. 631 ARCH srazzT,
PM - LADELPITIA, Pd
JONES t EVANS,
[Successors to C. M. JACKSON dr.:Myll
For sale by Druggists and Dealersin wrory,
town In the 'United States.
TIOV 29 eowlywC
FEVERS,
D. MERRIGE.
PROPNCIIM=4