Pa,caott iiddrwon. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1865 printing presses shall be free toevery, person who undertakes to PlCAThille the pro ceeding& or the legislature, or any branch of government; and o law shall ever be made to restrain the right thereof. The free commu nication of thought and opinions is one of the invaluable' rights of men; and every ciLis , Pn may. freely speak, write and print on any sub ject; being responsible for the abuse of that liberty, _ln prosecutions for the publication of papers investigating the official conduct of offi cers, or men In public capacities, or where the matter published is proper for public informa tion; the truth thereof may be given in evi dence."—funatihdion of Pennsylvania. Why We Cannot Have Peace. The war in which we-are engaged differs in many respects from any the world has ever seen. It is hot a war of cenffictinginterests so much as a war of antagonistic ideas. On each side there is intense mental excitement and much bitterness of feeling. The divided sec tions are at the present moment more widely separated from each other in sentiment than they could have been if they had never been united. While. the material interests of each would seem todemand a speedy re-union, there is, on the part of the South at least, a deep-seated aversion to anything of the kind. They regard themselves as having been outraged and wronged beyond en durance. They do not believe that the North are fighting for the Union from any love for the form of Government established by our fathers. They look upon the war as a crusade by a fanati cal party against their rights, their pro perty, and their social institutions. In defence of these they have shown them selves to be a unit. The course of events has given the lie to the oft-repeated as sertion that this is " the slaveholders' rebellion." The leaders may have been mostly slaveholders, but those who have given bulk and proportions to the rebel lion have been the non-slaveholding whites of the South. Except in a few unimportant localities these have be come fully as bitterly hostile to us as the wealthiest slaveowners. They will be as difficult to reconcile to any new order of affairs, and may, in the future, prove by far the most unmanageable portion of the Southern population. They would resist with the most desperate determi nation any of the impractical schemes of fanatical philanthropists to ele vate the negro to any other than the dependant and subordinate position he now occupies. The master might consent to free his slaves and agree to give them wages sufficient to support them without affecting either his ma terial interests or his social position. But the non-slaveholding whites, who would be brought into more immediate, contact with the freed negroes would be seriously affected. How long does any one suppose it would take to reconcile these people, raised as they have been, to even such degrees of negro equality as are advocated and adopted in some of our Northern cities. They would consti tute an element of society in the South easy to disturb and almost impossible to control. With little to lose they would be ready to rush into any strife, and Would, from their excitable natures, be come pOwerful instruments for evil in the hands of demagogues or partisan leaders. It is this very class of the south ern community who would be found most bitterly hostile to the favorite plans of our leading Abolitionists, be cause they are the class which would be most seriously affected by the proposed changes in social relations. How is it possible, under such circum stances, to confer any great benefits upoi. the negroes of the South by the proposed" plans of the radicals? Whatever laws may be passed by Congress, the negro must still remain to all intentsand pur poses a slave; so long as he is left de pendent and exposed to all the incon veniences of a position so completely subordinate as is the only one possible to him in the South. Why then should the war be continued merely for the ad vancement of impracticable and impos sible theories? There might be an end of this horrid strife if the radicals would but consent to waive their fanatical notions. Even out of the apparently unsubstantial negotiations now going on peace might come, if all efforts to obtain it were not opposed and overruled by the leaders of the radical Abolition party in and out of Congress. They will not consent to any cessation of the strugglewhich will not,in their opinion, ensure the success of their peculiar views. In vain is it to show that their plan is completely impracticable. Blind ed by passion and maddened by fanati cism, they will persistently continue the struggle for the attainment of an imagi 'nary and impossible good. We have little hope of speedy peace, because we believe that the radicals will control Mr. Lincoln, and through him the im mediate destinies of tins most unfortu nate and sadly distressed nation. Legislative Pay The Solons at Harrisburg are in serious trouble about their pay, board is high, and no matter what may be the chances on snug " diveys," a term well under stood by all who have books in," they are not satisfied. Mr. Smith, of Phila delphia, has moved to increase the pay from seven to twelve hundred dollars. Should this chauge%e made it may have a serious influence upon the gold market, and upon the price of boarding in Harrisburg. The Duty' on Paper Yesterday the House passed a resolu tion to reduce the duty on printing paper, sized and unsized, used for books and newspapers to 3 per eentunt ad valorem. Among those voting in the negative we notice the name of Thaddeus Stevens. The resolution passed by a majority of 97 yeas, to 40 nays. Thd Senate has yet to act upon the matter, and there it will remain to be seen how much the price Will be reduced. It xvill undoubtedly afford some relief to a business which is now more oppressed than any other in the country. The Latest Oil Strikes The latest Oil strikes in Venango and Clarion counties are briefly summed up by the Pittsburg Commercialup follows : The Collins' Oil Company struck a line well at their works at Walnut Bend, at 300 feet,.last week, The well is said to yield about twenty barrels. A good well was struck two miles above Plu mer, on the headwaters of Cherry Run, last week. We learn also that a well was struck on Pit Hole Creek, about two and a half miles rpm the mouth. The well has not yet been tubed. The Franklin -Oil Company have struck a good well on their property on Patches Run, one mile from French Creek. This haS given a new impetus to the oil excitement in that locality. A new well has also been struck on the Pope farm, a few miles below Franklin, on the river which is Sowing about teu barrels per day. Cheap Paper—A New Process to be Tested. In a fortnight or less, an Austrian patent for making paper out of corn husks will he thoroughly tested in this country. If the experiment succeeds according to expectation, steps will be immediately taken to manufacture printing paper on an extensive scale by the new process. It would be well for farmers to carefully save all corn husks now in their possession, and to stop feed ing them to their cattle, as they may command a high price, within a few weeks, if delivered at railroad stations. As it requires hut little and inexpensive changes of machinery to adapt paper mills to the manufacture of husk-paper, it is the intention of the American own ers of the patent to contract with mills on liberal terms to make paper of all grades out of this new material. Will there be Intenention? The great danger, ever since the com mencement- of our civil war, .has been foreign intervention ; and that danger has been Increased'orlesSenedAn exact proportion to the success or fail* of the Federal arms. So long asthe*tult seemed to be about evenly bals;need, without any marked preponderance on either side, there appeated to be but little danger of either England or France interfering with arms in our quarrel; but now that the Confederates are re ceiving more blows than they are able to giye in return, the danger of inter vention becomes more imminent. The course of these Powers for the last four years has been such as to leave no room for surprise at the rumor that they in tend. recognizing the Southern Con federacy on or about the fourth of March next. Their pretended neutrality has all been a sham from the first, and was intended to serve as a blind, so as to enable the rebels to procure muni tions of war with facility, and build and launch vessels to prey upon our commerce with impunity as privateers. The reason given for intervention now is, because President Lincoln, at the re cent election, did not carry any of the Southern States, and that, therefore, he is only the Chief Magistrate of the States that actually participated in the elec tion. But this flimsy excuse might have been set up at any time during the last four years, on the ground that all' the Southern States voted against him in 1800. The truth of the matter is this: Whilst the South was sufficient ly strong to carry on the war unaided, the two sections of the Union were per forming the work of destruction well enough and fast enough themselves, and the crowned heads of Europe could look on with complacency and.see their fondest wishes in course of consumma tion without any cost or risk to them selves. All that wasnecessary on their part was to exercise their skill in di plomacy and court flattery to keep the sectional spirit at its height in Wash ington, thus precluding any possibility of reconstruction between the sections, and thus wait until both had so far ex hausted themselves as to fall an easy prey to . their ambitious designs. It would seriously disappoint this scheme, says a cotemporary, if the fires of ancient patriotism should be rekindled at Washington and Rich mond, a reconciliation between alien ated brethren take place, and the armies of the North and South unite in defense of the old Union. We cannot hope fo• such a turn in events, how ever, while the present miserable dy nasty holds sway at the Federal capi tal. But we cannot avoid contemplat ing the gratification it would afford us to see the contending American armies side by side, instead of face to face, bid ding defiance, as of ,old, to the haughty despotisms of the Old World. Such an issue would retrieve much of our folly, and bring us back to the line of noble patriots from which we have so widely departed. The Coming Dra The rumors of peace, which so lately filled the air, are effectually silenced. Under the impracticable policy of the leaders of the warring section, there is no reason to hope for a speedy end of the war. It must go on until other and wiser councils prevail. In the mean time very little etlbrt is being made in any part of this State to fill the quota. It will be large, very large, even if amended. Vie next draft will be more terrible than any which have preceded it. Volunteering is almost completely at a stand-still. TliesountrY is drained of men who are willing to go into the army at ally price. In some of the more sparsely settled country districts of the State, where they have suffered from former drafts, there are very few men left who are liable to conscription.— Multitudes of them went 611" last spring and summer to localities which were paying high bounties, and enlisting were credited to the localities from which they received bounty-money. Others, not a few, " skedaddled " for parts unknown. There are townships in some localities in this State where there are not enough able-bodied men within the proper age left to fill the quota which will be demanded under the present call. That such is the actual condition of affairs in many localities in this State is a well ascertained filet. What are such districts to do? Will the cradle and the grave be robbed, in order that new victims for the slaughter may be found ? Lancaster city and county have been lucky enough heretofore, in conse quence of being rich enough to fill their quotas under the influence of larger bounties. It is not likely that this will be done again. From all appearances, there is every reason to believe that this county, which has filled its quota in every past call, to the very last man de manded, will have to suffer from a draft of most unexampled and unmitigated severity, to fill alleged deficiencies. The 15th of February is not far off. The Abolition leaders will neither listen to any terms of peace or reconstruction which do not give them the assurance of perpetual power. Slavery must not only be abolished, but, if need be to es tablish the power of those now in office, the negro must he allowed to vote. Such is the alternative which they demand. More men, .many more, 'are needed to carry out this impracticable scheme, and preparation must be made to meet draft after draft. This is but one of the legitimate consequences of Lin coln's reelection. How will the con scripted loyalists relish being forced to don the blue; shoulder a musket, and step into the ranks to fight as they voted —for emancipation and negro equality. The Reasons for Sending British Gun boats to the Lakes The telegram from Canada an n nu neing that a fleet of British gunboats were to leave for the northern lakes on the opening of navigation, is thus explain ed: On the 23d of last of November, Minister Adams, in pursuance of in structions from the President, informed the British authorities that this Gov ernment desired the termination of the Treaty of 1817, which' to each power the naval armament to be kept on the lakes during time of peace, and therefore gave the six months' notice which was required. During the last session of Congress, the House passed a resolution of the same purport; but it was not taken up in ,the Senate until last week, when a substitute for it was passed which legalizes or ratifies the act of the President of November la4t. This substitute, of course, went back to the House, and at the present moment is before the Committee on Foreign Af fairs. Great Britain, however, acting upon the President's notice, seems to be preparing its fleet of gunboats to send over after the six months' notice has expired. Of course, this Government will take similar measures to increase its naval armament on the lakes, and thus prevent all raids on its commerce from Canada, under tho cover of rebel emissaries. Intrigues are on foot in Central America for the purpose of bringing about, the absorption of the. Spanish American republics of that region by Makiruilllan's Mexican empire. French agents are reported to have been for some time past negotiating for the con summation of this object with Carrera, President of Guatemala, and actual, though not nominal, dictator of Salva dor, Honduras and Nicaragua. If Carrera can succeed in making these republics a portion of the empire, he expects, in return for his cunning handwork, to be made imperial viceroy over them. WM There be Peace ? We would fain hope so, and hope'for it speedily. But we have our serious. misgivings, notwithstanding the pre dictioiisand adumbrations of the North ern and Southern papers, and the m inors that are flying thiclr and fast of the probable appointment of Peace Cana .missioners by the governments at Rich mond and Washington. We believe that the masses in both sections are heartily tired of the war, and would be willing to do anything in an honorable way to bring about% cessation of hos tilities ; but the voice of the people is not heard by their rulers, or, if heard, not heeded by those who have the reins of power in their hands, and who are wielding that power rather for the de struction than the benefit of our com mon country. Believing this to be tbe state of the case, we see no prospect of a speedy termination of the war, and are fearful that the next campaign will 4ie the most bloody and terrific one of the contest, and leave the two peoples more than ever embittered against each other. Heaven grant that our worst fears may not be realized; but we look forward to the future with fearful fore bodings. --We are now more than ever satisfied in our own mind, judging from the tem per of the Southern people, that had General MCCLELLAN been elected to the Presidency, or rather, we should say, had he not been cheated out of the office by fraud and corruption, the con.: Ilia would have ceased, and a restora tion of the Union taken place within a few months after lkis inauguration. As it is, we cannot prom ise ourselves peace short of a total subjugation of the South, unless, indeed, Mr. LINCOLN should take warning from the past, retrace his steps, and change his entire policy with regard to the rebellion. This he can only do by cutting loose from the radi cals of his own party, and governing his actions in accordance with the un doubted sen time n ts of the great body of the people. Could lie do this, and then administer the lovern flout according to the principles of sound and enlight ened statesmanship, we should soon have peace and Union, with a gradual return to the ancient prosperity of the Republic. But this is too much to Wipe for from an Execu tire of Mr. LINCOLN'S intellectual cal ihre and want of decisism. We must, therefore, in all human pro bability, bear the ills we have for four years longer, should no ex traneouseir cumstances or Providential interference put astop to the horrid carnival of blood; and then realize, if not before, that the American people have paid dearly, very clearly, for the experiment of elevating a sectional party to power. We may be mistaken in our anticipa tions. We sincerely hope it may turn out to he so. But these are our honest convictions, and we would not delude our readers with the syren song of peace when there is no peace in prospect. We would lie faithless to our trust if we did not sound the note of alarm, and essay to disabuse the minds of the people. There is no well-founded hope of peace except in a radical change of Govern mental policy. The Mission to Richmond It is announced in the Washington papers that Mr. Francis P. Blair has again gone on a visit to the Rebel Capi tal. This second mission may or may not possess a significance which the first did not have. After his former visit it was intimated by the Richmond papers that Jefferson Davis signified to Mr. Blair his willingness to treat for peace either by sending, or receiving Commis sioners duly authorized to open nego tiations. If this he true, and WC; have no reason to doubt its verity, may it not be possible that President Lincoln has, to some extent, yielded his prejudices, and is now willing to meet the Con federate Chief half=way in an etlbrt to reconcile our National difficulties, and put an end to the effusion of blood? May he not have made up his mind to cut loose from the radicals of his own party, who have heretofore controlled the policy of the Administration, and. make an honest and energetic effort tp close his first term or commeiMe his second one in a spirit of peace and unity" sincerely trust this may be so, and that the time is near at hand when we shall again be one people, with one Constitution, one Flag, and one Destiny. Should Mr. Lincoln change his policy and give the radical Abolitionists the go-by, he will be abundantly sustained in his efforts for peace and union by the conservative masses of all parties— Democrats as well as Republicans—and his second term of °dice will he peace ful and glorious, as his first has been turbulent 1111(1 disastrous to the best in terests of the country. The country will look with the deepest interest to this second visit of Mr. Blair to Rich mond, in the hope that something will be done to bring about a pacification. The next ten days may tell for weal or ilbr woe upon the destinies of the country for ages to come. Heaven grant that the earnest longings of the people may not be disappointed. Forney's Plan for Restoring the Union. In Forney's Pr, 5, , ; of yesterday we find a remarkable editorial. The writer handles his pen as if lie feared to speak out his meaning openly and boldly. From What he dues say, however, his opinions can be unmistakably inferred Though the negro is not once mention ed, the article is beyond question a plea for conferring upon him full rights of citizenship. The Abolitionists, as they imagine themselves to he drawing near to a period when there will no longer lie organized rebel armies in the field to Contend against,- are cudgeling their brains to devise sonic method by which they may he enabled so to govern time South as to perpetuate the dynasty which now sits enthroned at Washing ton. They seem to feel that there is no hope of their doing this in any other way than by opening the way to the ballot-box for the negro. This they would do everywhere and at once if they did not fear that public sentiment was not yet yet ripe for it. In the mean time attempts are made to educate the minds of the loyal masses up to the proper stand-point by language such as the following: We assume this proposition: when the laboring people of the Southern States are enabled to exercise their po litical rights we shall have permanent union. In other words, when labor is ' allowed the ballot labor will assume dignity, and when once its dignity is assured we shall have perpetual free dom. If every owner of a Northern mill were allowed a power in the State to which his workmen could not aspire, we should have aristocracies in Phila delphia and Lowell as offensive as those in Richmond and Charleston. But our laws make all meti equal, and labor with a ballot becomes manhood in the; .North; while labor without a ballot be, comes treason in the South. We think this principle, once established, will se cure us a true and rapid method for re constructing the Union. Let us slay the leaders and strengthen the people. That means, in plain English, kill the masters and let the negrocs do the voting. fie- The Washington correspondent pf the Boston Journal thinks that Gen. Burnside will soon be appointed to an important command. The rumor that he had tendered his resignation is true, but the Government would not accept it. Government has yet dirty work to be done, and cannot dispense with the services of so useful and unscrupulous stool as Burnside. iffecti - Of War Upon oar ikiloi•fri: The State Superintendent of Common Schools, in his report for last year, thus speaks of the effects of the war upon our schools :-- ' The war has operated - more' disas , trously upon our) schools the past year than in any former year. A very large portion of our male teachers have vol., untarily entered the army, or have been drafted. An effort was made to ascer tain the whole number in the State and the positions occupied by each, but ow ing to the difficulties attending the matter, it was not wholly successful.— Still enough statistics have been collect ed to establish the fact, that there ,are more teachers from Pennsylvania in the Union army than there are from any other class composed of the same num ber of individuals. • There were, as reported for the school year ending on the first Monday of June, 1862, the first year after the commencement of the war, 7,987 male teachers thathadtaught during the year. Taking the numbers given in the counties that have reported as the basis, and applying it to the whole State, we find the whole number that have entered the army to be a frac tion more than 2,009, and the number who have volunteered, is to the number drafted, as 1,0.51 is to 124. These teach ers, it should be remembered, are to be taken from the very best teachers in their respective counties. Those who have gone voluntarily have been those who are most needed 'in our schools, men of the greatest experience land best success in the school room. Of the volunteers, so far as could be ascertained, there have been two colonels three lieutenant colonels, three majors, twenty-five captains, thirty-five lieuten ants and thirty-eight non •commissioned officers. The withdrawal of great num bers of men from other departments of industry has opened other avenues for our teachers in which to seek employ ment that is far more lucrative than teaching. Many of our most competent teachers have thus been withdrawn from the profession, and are now receiving for their services double what they can get for teaching. The war is acting in juriously upon our schools in other ways. The increased taxation has induced the directors, in some few instances, to shorten the length of the school term, so that the pupils in such districts have but about two-thirds of the amount of school they had in those districts three years ago. The increase of taxes would indicate that the wages of teach ers should be reduced ; but with the in crease of taxes comes the increased ex penses of living, and teachers, as,.well as others, must have higher salaries or they cannot support themselves And their families ; hence many havollift the business of teaching because fliey could not live by it. Still most of our citizens feel the necessity of sustaining good schools, and employing good teachers at this particular time more than ever before. They are willing to be taxed all they can bear for that pur pose, and on the whole the system has not suffered more, in consequence of the war, than we had good reason to expect it would. The greatest draw back is in the loss of so many of the best teachers. The State Superintendant, in view of this great draw upon our male teachers urges an increased employment of females, and the arguments which he employs in their favor are not only well, based but supported by facts. In com batting the prejudices which are still entertained against them in some sec tions of the State he says : The principal argument is that they cannot govern schools in which there are a great number of large scholars— boys who have no respect for themselves nor any one else. This is doubtless true to a limited extent, and in comparative ly few instances. Considerable pains have been taken by this Department to get reliable information regarding the comparative success of male and female teachers, both as to teaching and gov erning, and with but two exceptions, the result has been that the females have succeeded as well as the males, having the sam e a m mint of experience, and that in counties where both have been en gaged in schools of the same grade and of equal size, the total failures have been greater with the males in proportion to the number employed, than with the females ; and, also, that as a. general thing, they have been as acceptable to the public. A view of the fluctuations in tioj.wiee of go/d—we conform our phrase to the false language prevailing in the money market—from 150 . 2 to the present time, may not I,te without interest to our readers. The subjoined table presents the highest and the lowest prices pre vailing at the dates specified. The highest point, it will he observed, was readied in July of last year, when it was quoted for a short time on the II th of that month at 21 3. The price on Fri day was 21m), which is lower than it lute been since October last, when gold sold at 159: 15112. Lowest Price. Highest. January 101 105 .•February 102 04 Mardi 101 02 April 101 02 May 102 01 Zane 103 09 July 109 20 August 112 10 September 110 October 122 7 November 129 33 December 130 :11 150. January 134 60 February 153 ' - Mardi 139 71 April 140 59 May 143 55 June 140 45 July 123 45 August 122 29 September 127 43 October 140 50 November 143 54 December 147 52 15)14. January 151 flO February 157 CO Mardi 759 WI April 100 s 7 May 105 90 June 159 251 July '"" 255 August ''ll 202 September Iss 255 ()ember 15) 221) November 'No 201 December "11 244 1505. January 1 ''27 11 '223 "1., *l6 219 - .218 2"" .217 2:21 .218 221 .214 217 .215 217 .204 215 200 207 The Rumored Changes In the Rebel Ar- my and Cabinet It was generally understood yesterday that the Confederate States Senate had, in secret session, passed resolutions re commending that Gen. Lee should be put in command of all the armies in the confederacy, and that Gen. Johnston should be restored to the command of the Army of Tennessee; and rumor has it that only two Senators voted against it. This report is probably not without some foundation ; but further than this the rumors on the street yesterday of changes in the War Department and the purging of bureaus are, at least so far, " of the wish father to the thought."— Gen. Breckinridge is in town, but states positively to his friends that no official word has yet been written or spoken to him on the subject of any civil position in the government. We caution our readers agaist catching at what they hear just now on the subject of cabinet changes, and taking broken doses of comfort in the rumors of every twenty four hours.—Richmond Dispatch. >l .The Canadian Parliament con vened at Quebec on Thursday. The Governor General, in his address, al ludes to his desire to preserve friendly relations with this country, and.the ef forts he has made to prevent further raids by rebels from the province into the Northern States. In addition, to the volunteer militia now in service for this purpose, he has distributed a force of detectives along the border. He asks for such legislation as will enable him, more effectually to accomplish his ob jects in this respect. - Forty Thonsanaltin — Waibbigtoii. - . By the following extract from the proceedings of a meeting held on the 39th inst., in Washington, it will be seen how much the -condition of the, negro has been ameliorated- Vie aid of his philanthropic Abolition friends. Stich things, under the shadow of the Federal Capitol, may serve to thdiatte -the state to which the unhappy " freed men" have been reduced in other parts of the country. The Xational Intelli gencer more than confirms the state ments made by the chairman of the meeting, Rev. William Channing: Mr. Channing read a report setting forth the startlihg and most heart-sick ening condition of these wretched out casts under the shadows of the National Capitol: In June last the census showed at least 30,000 colored population in this District, nearly all in the confines of this city. There are now not less than 40,000. There are at least 900 families of these poor people in the city. A few of them have been ableto buildshanties, paying for the miserable ground on which to place them $25 and S3O a year. Not more than twenty-five of these families pay for their hovels less than $6 per month, and not more than fifty pay less than S 5 monthly rent. The following cases are reported as those which met the visitors in every direction : An old woman on Eleventh street was found with the melting snow dripping through her hovel upon her pallet of rags. She was sick ; had buried two children ; no fire, fuel, or food, and no means to get any ; was hungry • had begged a match to light in the night, so that the night might not seem so long. In another hovel near by was a mother and a babe without dress. No fire, and twenty-four hours without food. A girl nine years old washing rags gathered froth the mud to sell. A few squares away, Sally Clayton, daughter, and two grandchildren. - The daughter had an undressed infant ; no food nor fuel and in a perishing condi tion. An old man, many years a preacher while in slavery, sleeps in a hovel on a board, with a stick of wood for a pillow; no food nor fuel; no shirt. His collar bone has been broken, and he cannot work. In a shanty on the island were six children huddled in rags together like a hock of sheep. The mother, Mrs. Jackson, is recently dead. No food nor fuel. On Capitol Hill, in a space in a stable smaller than two stalls, are two families —an old man, a cripple, and agirl twelve years old, with the consumption ; a young child dying of starvation ; a sick, motherless boy, and another old man ; a plank bed for the old people, and broke boards with rags on them, for the children ; a widow, fifty years old, their only support; rent, $l2 ; no fire nor food. On Sixteenth street, a woman ninety years old, in a stable ; no light, no food, no fuel. When the report" had been read Mr. (banning requested Mrs. Gritlin, the agent of the association, who has been laboring among those pitiable human beings some months toexpress her views on the matter. They need everything. They tied from slavery, taking nothing hut a few rags on their backs. Food, fuel, clothing were all equally needed, and the reports stated likewise : The women need clothing. They cannot get employment. People spurn them from their doors, refusing en trance to creatures half covered with filthy rags. She spoke of the women as brave and determined. They had conic here in desolation, and in the face of every form of discouragement had done the most of them well and many of them nobly. Their destitution of clothing was absolutely shocking. A dozen and more persons are crowded into a single small room. More than four-fifths of the families have no fuel. Fifty families are to be turned into the street immediately for non-payment of rent. A man and four children have already been thus turned out of doors, and another family, mother and three children, all barefooted. Almost every family has a sick person. The New York prints the above extract, and adds: • We aright quote at greater length from these proceedings. We might comment upon the condition of these negroes now and before the war. We might state that the negroes here described are but a type of the class all over that portion of the Southern country visited by our armies, and especially in Louisiana, on the Mississippi and elsewhere. We might point to over 80,ouo negroes de stroyed in and near New Orleans since the war begun—but we forbear. The Habits of President Lincoln Rev. Mr. Adams, of Philadelphia, in his recent Thanksgiving discourse, speaking of an early morning call upon Mr. Lincoln, made the following inter esting statement : " Morning came, and I hastened my toilet, and found myself at a quarter to firc in the waiting room of the l'resi dent. I asked the usher if I could see Mr. Lincoln. He said I could not. But. I have an engagement to meet him this morning." At what hour ?' At five O'clock." Well, sir, he will see you at five.' I then walked to and fro for a few Minutes, and hearing a voice as it in grave conversation, I asked the servant : ' Who is talking in the nexteroom It is the President, sir.' Is anybody with him?' ' No, sir, he is reading the Bible." Is that his habit so early in the morning?' Yes, sir, he spends every morning from four o'clock to five in reading the Scrip tures and praying." To the Editor of the _Boston Courier: The above extract, which I clip from an evening, aper, "puts me in mind of a story." A few years since a somewhat distin guished pugilist resided in this city, who had the misfortune of always being in debt. To relieve himself from his difficulties, he g(t up a subscription among his pupils for a gymnasium, which in due time was erected and at first proved quite suc cessful, but after a while the interest in it began to flag, and the pupils were be coming fewer and fewer. In order to recuperate, and fill his school once more, he called on several clergymen and told them the great benefits which would accrue to their physical condition, i f they took regular gymnastic exercises, and invited them to call and see his gym nasium, ~on a certain day, at nine o'clock in the morning. The clergy men went accordingly, and on enter ing, Annul our pugilistic friend seated at a desk, at the upper end of the hall, habited in the tight costume of a gymnast, with a large bible before him, reading aloud, anti one or two pupils (who happened to lie present, and had been let into the joke,) standing in a reverent attitude. After finishing the chapter he closed the book and looking up, appeared, for the first time, to be aware of the presence of the clergy, whom lie had invited. lie apologized to them stating that it was his universal cus tom to read a chapter in the Bible every morning before the commencement of gymnastic exercises. We peed not tell tire result; the clergymen werecharmed and at once entered their names as pu pils, preached the necessity of physical exercise, recommending the gymnasium to all their friends, which soon gave the professor, once more, a school full of pupils. This was said to have been the first time old Jack his Bible.- From Wilmington From Wilmington we have a con firmation of the blowing up by the Confederates of Fort Caswell: This fort was situated upon the western side of Cape Fear river, about ten tulles south of Fort Fisher. It commanded the southern entrance to the river, and was a larger work than Fort Fisher, mount ing nearly ninety guns. It was south of New Inlet. On Monday last, three Federal gunboats crossed over the bar at New Inlet and entered Cape Fear river. They had gone a short distance up by Wednesday last, but the torpedoes and obstructions were so thick that they had halted below Fort Fisher. Above the fort the Confederates are hard at work obstructing the channel. They have a strongly-intrenched position across the narrow neck of land, about six miles above Fort Fisher, and are ob structing the river near this line. The loss by the magazine explosion was about three hundred and twenty-five killed and wounded. A Mr. Vaughn, a patient in the Com mercial Hospital, Cincinnati, died on Saturday from the effectsof chloroform. The contributions in New York city, so far, for the relief of the _Savannah sufferers, amount to over thirty-two thousand four hundred dollars. The lidubige - of Prisoners. It appears from the following com munication of the Secretary: of War, that the entire subject of exchanging pr loners is placed-in the hands of Gen. Grancimithat, although but ft partial exchange is thus _far made, there is reason to &lien a full exchange will soon be effected. We are glad to be as sured of this. The sooner this is done the better. There is no good reason why it should not have been accom plished long since. If the war must go on, let it be as little barbarous as it can possibly be made. The following is the letter of the Secretary of War to Mr. Colfax : WAR DEPARTMEXT, Jan. 21, 1865. SIR : In answer to the resolution of the House of Representatives, of the 21st December, 1864, calling for the cor respondence in reference to the exchange of prisoners, I have the honor- to sub- Mit herewith the report of the Adjutant General, together with such coinmuni cations on the subject as have-not here tofore been published. The correspondence of General Butler details the action in regard to the exchange of prisonep under the authority conferred upoll him by order of the War Department. On the 15th of October, the subject of exchange was placedunder the direction of Lieut. General Grant, with full au thority to take any stepshe might deem proper to effect the release and exchange of our soldiers and the loyal persons held as prisoners by the rebel authorities. He was instructed that it was the design of the President that no efforts consis tent with the national honor should be spared to effect the prompt release of all soldiers and loyal persons held in cap tivity by the rebels as prisoners of war. or on any other grounds, and the subject was committed to him with full authori ty to act in the premises as he should deem right and proper. Under this au thority the su Itiect of eXchanges has from that time continued in his charge, and such efforts have been made as he deemed proper to obtain the release of our pris oners. An engagement was made for the supply of our prisoners, the articles to lie distributed under the direction of our officers paroled for that purpose, and the correspondent privilege was extend ed to the rebel authorities. In order to afibrd every facility for re lief, special exchanges have been offered whenever desired on behalf of OM' pris oners, and such exchanges have, in a few instances, been permitted by the rebel authorities, but in many others they have been denied. A large num ber of exchanges, including all the sick, has been effected within a recent period. The Commissary General of Prisoners has been directed to make a detailed re port of all the exchanges that have been accompished since thegeneral exchange ceased, which he will furnish the House of Representatives assoun as completed. The last communication of General Grant gives reason to believe that a full and complete exchange of all prisoners will speedily be made. It also appears front his statement that weekly supplies are furnished to our prisoners and distributed by of of our own selection. His letter is sub joined as follows: .1 - lEADQtAnirmis ARMY Ir. WASH tN(rrox, Jan. 21, Isli3. Hon : E. .11. St., 'don, Seeretary have authorized Col. Mulford, Agent of Exchmge, to renew negotia tions for the t diange of all prisoners now held by t :ter party. The first i, tercours; , between our agent and Col. (Mid, the rebel agent, has already been 'had. N' doubt but that an arrangement will heentered in to. Indeed, on the strength of that in terview, an exchange, a limited Wile, is 110 W going on near Richmond. v. 4 igned Yours truly, ti S. (iIitANT, Lieutenant General P. S. We zoo sending. supplies to our prisoners at least weekly. They are re ceived by officers a our own selection, released Federal prisoners, who dis tribute them as directed, V. S. (;. Supplies furnished by the friends of prisoners are also forwarded in the same manner. The nature of the supplies authorized to he furnished by individu als is specified in the annexed order of the department. Very respectfully, Your obedient serv't, EDWIN M. STANToN, of War To the Hon. Schuyler Co Oil Trade or Pittsburg The Pittsburg Crofton(/ cial says, below will be found the statistics of the Oil Trade of Pittsburg for five years, endine . January, 1511.). For many years, Roc!: Oil or Petroleum was used as a medicine ; in fact, by a number of property owners, it was looked upon as little better than a nuisance. 'I n many places wells that were sunk for the purpose of obtaining water had to be abandoned on account of the large quantities of oil that would rise to the surface, preventing the parties from obtaining water that could be used. This was the state or affairs until after the oil wells at Smith's Ferry, on the phi() river, began to attract at tention du ring the su m tiler of I (-i59. Some enterprising individuals then volumene ed operations for the purpose of develop ing the hidden mysteries of the regions around Oil Creek and Oil t'ity. At first they met with but poor success. The first successful individual (as it after wards proved) had spent all his means, his credit was gone, and he could not procure another day 's work. The work men engaged, to whom money was due for previous services, had come to the conclusion that the " boss" was insane, but as he was a good fellow they con cluded they would put in'that afternoon and then quit for good. This turned out to be a fortunate circumstance for the proprietor, for during the afternoon oil was struck, and at a less depth than any well from that time to the present. The man whose credit was ex hausted on that memorable afternoon is now worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. Millions of dollars have been realized in that vicinity. Oil flowed like water. Prices of crude oil have ad vanced from 3!, 0,4 c. per gallon, and from 500i:70e. per barrel to twelve and four teen dollars—although the world has to a moderate extent been illuminated by the coal oil of Pennsylvania. Agencies have been established in all the leading cities of the old world. The real pro ducts of the various wells will never be ascertained, as thousands of barrels have been lost by pond freshets and in other ways. Below will be found statistics not:before published. It will be observed that our city has received a revenue, since the opening of the t rade, on 9-12,19-1 barrels of oil. THE ILEUM:NV RIVER OIL TRADE. The following are the official receipts ofoil by the A legheny river for live years, ending December, 1563 : Pss , l 1 , 61 1'4,2 1663 Total for live •ottrt.. Receipt , : Istll The Draft—Opinion of the Solicitor of the War Department. The opinion of the solicitor of the War Department, published last August, is semi-officially reproduced, as appli cable to the present enrolment and quotas for :;00,ouo men to supply defi ciencies under the former calls. In that opinion the solicitor said : " If the num ber of men were taken into account without regard to the time of their ser vice, it is clear that the grossest ine quality would exist in the respective contributions of the different districts to the aggregate military service of the country, and that at each successive call all accounts of service preceding that call be made imp, and the call for quotas should be such as shall equalize the amount of service required from each district, in proportion to the persons therein liable to military service. "That district which, in the present draft, furnishes one-year men, cuts up its burden into three parts, and shoul ders only one part at the present year, and leaves the rest to be met at the next call. " That district which furnishes three year men now gains at once in its ac count with the Provost Marshal General the same benefit in the quota of the next draft' as though it had furnished three times as many nieti for one year's service. " It is the duty of each district to fur nish the full number of men designated as its quota, and these men should be received, whether for one s two, or three years, service: Those districts which furnish three-years,men will be entitled to the full benefit thereof in all future calls.'' The Prospects of Peace. If any man supposps that peace, with all its great blessßigs, is near at hand, he is sadly mistaken. - As yetthere is not the slightest hope of a speedy end of the 'Tar. 'We have rumors, but they are idle as the wind. r lt turns but that the Blair mission meautnothing, and it has accomplished nothing, Mr. Blair, it is now said, went to - Richmond, not to negotiate for peace, but for the return to him of valuable private papers and documents carried away from his resi dence at the time it was in rebel occu pation last summer. Among these, it is said, were many valuable papers and documents entrusted to him by General Jackson, from which a life of that old hero was to be compiled. He has re turned, to Washington without being able to give an, promise of peace. Neither section is ready to submit to terms of adjustment which would be acceptable to the men who control the affairs of the other. On last Monday, Mr. Cox, of Ohio, offered the following preamble and re solution in Ccingress WHEREAS, The country hails with manifestations of patriotic joy and con gratulation the victories recently achiev ed by our brave armies ; and whereas, the recognized object of war, at least among civilized and christian nations, is an honorable and satisfactory peace; and that although we do not know that the insurgents are yet prepared to agree to any terms of pacification that our government either would or should deem acceptable, yet as there can be no possi ble harm resulting from ascertaining precisely what they are ready to do, and in order to refute the imputation that the administration contemplates with "satisfaction a continuance of hostilities for their own sake, on any grounds of mere punctilio, or for any reason than because it is compelled by an absorbing regard for the very ends of its existence ; and whereas, an established and rightly constituted government, combatting, an armed and menacing rebellion, should strain every nerve to overcome at the earliest moment the resistance it en counters, and should not merely wel come but seek satisfaction, however informal the assurances, that its end has been attained: therefore, Resalrf (1, That now, in this hour of victory, which is the hour of magnanim ity, it is eminently the duty of the Pres ident, on the basis of the present right fully constituted government, either to send or receive commissioners or agents with a view to national pacification and tranquility, or by some other rational means known to civilized and Christian nations, secure the cessation of hostili ties and the Union of the States. Mr. Cox said that this resolution was modified since it was first read here, by striking out of the same the words. "Before any action be taken to change this Constitution of the United States. - 'Phis was done at the sug.gestion of mem bers opposite: This, lie said, is Mr. Greeley 's preamble and my resolution. Mr. Washburne, of Illinois, moved that the resolution be laid upon the table. The rebels would accept no overtures except such as would be dis graceful to us. - The question having been taken, the House laid the resolution upon the table. On the saute day a bill being up for the reorganization of the insurgent States, Mr. Kelly, of this State, made a speech, and proposed so to amend the bill as to allow ucgroes the full rights of citizenship. This was to be made universal, with the single qualification that those negroes only should vote who should be able to read and write. We have no doubt that the proposal of Mr. Kelly has many more friends among his party than any peace propo- sition could possibly obtain. The lead ing Abolitionists are moved by two springs of action. The one is fanaticism, the other lust of power. The politicians among them know very well that the moment the Southern States are back in the Union the end of their rule is fixed—not even the forced abolition of slavery, unless rights of citizenship were conferred on the negroes, could prevent them from being speedily hurl ed from power. Hence they are opposed to peace, and bitterly hostile to any proper terms of adjustment. While this is the spirit at -Washing ton, the leaders of the South are un bending. There is no evidence of a dis position to yield. Until there is an en tire change of policy on our part, iv e cannot hope to detach the people front them. Only a few days since, Tlnu•s day, 12th inst., resolutions introduced into the Virginia Legislature, declaring in favor of an armistice and an appoint ment of five commissioners to treat for peace, were, in the language of the re solution to lay them on the table, " dis posed of at (nice and forever" by a vote of 101 to '', the nays being Messrs. Mil ler, of Lee county, and Smith, of Rus sell. While such isthespirit of the two sec tions, while we refuse to make any offer that can be honorably accepted by the South, peace is simply impossible. We may as well prepare our minds at once for at least another year of war, more terrible and bloody than the last. While an Abolition Administration eau allot just such quotas to Pennsylvanians they see fit, and drive the conscripts into the ranks, we need not expect them to at tempt to stop the tide of war, orstay the shedding of blood. They have ends, desirable to them, however evil they may be in themselves, to achieve, and they will not now cease of their own ac cord to strive for their attainment.— Let no man fool himself into a belief that peace is near at hand. It is as yet afar off. A Card from Lieutenant-Governor Jacob of Kentucky. WASHINGTON, Juii. 19. Ti the Editor of the World: I find the following in the Glob,: The Washington correspondent of the 'World says Lieutenant-Governor Jacob, of Kentucky, who returns from Rich mond with Mr. Blair, predicts that there wtll be a cessation of hostilities within two months, and a proposal of peace upon some terms of reunion from the Confederate government to ours." Your correspondent has been misin formed; I never used such language, nor the reverse, that I have heard as at tributed to Inc, that the rebellion could not be crushed." I will not attempt at this time to state what I believe at large. At the proper time, over my own signa ture, 1 may give my impressions.— I do not wish to be accountable otherwise. I have two reasons for this. First, that erroneous opin ions, without being corrected, might prove detrimental to the public interests. Secondly, that I do not wish to do in justice to a brave, determined people, who, when base men in my own gov ernment, notwithstanding that I had fought and bled in defense of my flag and the unity of my country, had me kidnapped and forced within their lines, treated me with distinguished respect and kindness. Nor did I accept their hospitality with a lie upon my lips, that I was not a Union man. I never pushed my opinions ; nor did I deny my prin ciples when, incidentally, the conversa tion would take that direction, and I was applauded for my candor. I shall ever feel grateful for their kindness. A few words more: These people are fear fully in earnest; they are not suffering for the necessaries of life ; they believe that they have nothing to hope from the present policy of Mr. Lincoln, and that to fight is gain. Unless the present policy is materially changed, I predict a long, bloody, and fearful war to which the past is but child's play. With statesmanship and patriotism, under God's blessing, -we may yet restore that which is dear to every patriot's heart, the unity and happiness of the American people. si Very respectfully, RICHARD T. -YACOB. 7,037 17,101 0-1,102 171,774 175,1 K Age" Since the great robbery of copper at the Navy Yard, Philadelphia, it is suggested that so far as the word Navy is applied to that yarcs it should be spelled with a K—Knavy Yard. The West Chester Tefferaonian is responsible for the abolre. Another' spiteful fellow, of course not loyal, says, referring to the pilferers at this knavy yard, that he would rather belong to the party of Copperhvadv thah of Copperthieves. Business. in New • York • '" * • z- , Nivi - ycitei; . Jan: The money market continues easy at seven per eenL, on call,' to strictly first•eltiaS bor rowersrput many of the weaker or suspect-,ed class still ' find difficulty in negotiating loans at high rates. The opinion is general among the busineSs community that our financial affairs are in a critical condition. The declining tendency in gold produces naturally lower prices in every description of property, and increases the desire to sell and disinclination to buy any thing not absolutely required for the immediate wants of consumption.— The sellers are more numerous than the buyers in all the markets. Mr. Fessenden's obstinate determination not to increase, and to decrease, if possible, the paper-money is sues of the country, is the proximate cause of the general dullness and lower prices.— Mr. Fesseuden intends to pursue the same policy he did in December, namely, to raise the money reqiiired for „government expen diture by loans and taxation, and not by new paper-money issues. The fall of Fort Fisher, and the gloomy condition of the rebels, assist government in its efforts to bring down the price of gold. tui the Produce Exchange breadstuffs were steady, with flour, a shade firmer. Whisky was also higher, but provisions were very flat, and pork decidedly lower. Petroleum was dull and nominal. Cotton further declined at the close. In proceries there is little to notice, except in sugar. The foreign dry goods market is dd' and few sales are made, under the impression that the price of gold will decline. Buyers are holding back'in order to buy chenper, but importers are holding their goods firmly, being satisfied that the importations would be extremely light, In dress goods the stock is not yet assorted, and those importers who 11:1Vt. , received pattern cards are not disposed to exhibit them until the trade fairly opens. While goods are in moderate demand. Heavy mantilla silks are in good demand. • Low silks are quoted: $.1.:17 to ;' , 1.70, and medium .•I. In to Spanish linens sell at 4Je. to ;O c. Italinn cloths, low grades, are I !noted at 4:w. to There was no export of domestic cotton goods during the past week. Brown sheeting: are in but slight de mand, and, with a nominal stock, the late quotations are Maintained. Standards are quoted at hoc, to Owing to the increased supply, bleaelmt shirtings are lower. The quotations are:— New York Mills, 612 ; Lonstlale, roe,; Arkwright, Wathsutta, tioe.; and Whin , Hoek, . . • Brown drills are dull and in nu demand :u Present gliutations. Standards are quo ted nominally at tine. Cotton thtnnels are quiet it 60 0 , for bleached Natunkeags. Jeans are rather dull and weak at the saine quotation, as last week, viz. : Natim kettgs, Wasliingtom he.: Amloskettg . Jeans, 411,.: Androscoggin, Bates, Indian Orchrd, and t Mental, 3:le. TM. spring style, t,f prints now making their appearance in the market are mostly of a neat medium class of work, mottled grounds and set figures, also a good many neat stripe,. Some complaint lots been eaused among: those - who bought in the early part of the week at 4tlc. by Sprague, who at tine t lose of the week reduced his price to :17, The market is quiet, with a moderate business at 41 . 2 c. for NI errinlims ; itt`e• net for Rtehltlonds: .I , c. Mr Allen, and American; and :I:lc.du' . \ rnoleis Jobbers.' quotati o n s or prints are as fol lows ::Alerrimac, 4n : 4 'oeheco, :17 1, 1 1.t0 e . : Providence, StSta:tlic.: Pacitic,:lOc. ; Sprague', fimcies,:t7a3,e.; Richmond's, :he.; Bunnell's, 3.5 c.; Allen's, :Cie.: anchestiir, 34a.11,tic. Anniskeags, National :12tc.; Arnold's • 110altic. ; Itutches , , li., 21 1 :1:10c.; Windham, 25c.: Lon- Nat Mourn ing S prague's ) , 3:tit:l4e. ; At hunk Nliamiting;3:3;l;) . . lous,ettne Del:Linos art,teadv and in de mand :It 112. t.. tiu• SLlnche.ter, and 4.a. It Ilhntiltt Cassinieres continue smady mid in fair demand, with a light sna c k on hand. Low and medium qualities are mostly wanted. Satinets are dull :nal drooping. Omni' warps a re in fair demand at t . or finest grades. Artn3- lerst..y.s are strongor at $l.-10 for standards. Owing the light stocks gind the increased government demand, army blankets are decidedly stronger. The quotation for flan nels is now $l, although sales have been made during the week at 97 Carpets are dull and inactive. I lartrOrd, hooted superfine, ; su perfine, ;.ttlt; imperial tt-ply, ; extra lirllsSeiS, - Printing elitths Sr,nt no demand, printers having supplied their present wants, Although the supply nt . tick, is there is but a nominal demand. We quote: Pearl rivers, Si-4%; Hamilton, titie.(d.7oe.; Manchesters For the Intelllgerkeer Differences between our Political Parties. As certain reasons lurWe been assigned, going to show that so far as particular class es identified t hentsul ves with the Demo cratic party, it has not been a matter of ar bitrary choice with these, but rather an in telligent selection of principles. This se lection implies, that the principles adopted have been preferable in the estimation 0 the espousals orthela,li those repu d iated. lint, we soo, that so fir as has been noted, it has been rather a prefer-elme between monarchical and democratic theories of gov ernment wide!' induced the resp e ctive class es to attach thenc,lves, some to the federal and others to the la pular rights party. It may at this any seem incredulous to nutny, that a party existed at the 4.inte of our coo, , i,iotiuu, whudosirod (he o:uahnah oauu, ot• a oiouar,hy, and that the leaders of this party, finding themselves bathed in this object, combined themselves into an effort to subvert the State governments and ultimately establish a centralized govern ment, inveshd with monarchical powers under the name of a 'public. Such how ever, is the fact—if a monarchy could not be ti01•11n 41, the next best thing in their esti mation was to incorporate into the republic as many monarchical principles as possible ; :and that by gradual and almost insensible innovatiot Is, to be effected by those who might administer the government, they hoped to obtain indirectly, what they found impossible to secure by direct means. The men who entertained these sentiments laid the foundation of the Federal party. The assertion is not intended to be made, that those who entertained such sentiments as have been indicated were dishonest and de signing men; but they simply believed, with the British and Continental writers generally, that a representative ilemocrary would prove a failure. Alexander Hamil ton, Governeur Morris, Rufus King and other lights of the L•'ederal party believed that the people wore not capable of self go vernment ; that it was necessary to imi tat'e the ltritish Constitution, and establish what they termed a strong government.-2,- So thoroughly convinced of this fact, was lamilton, that he told the people of New York, in a public address made in that city, that they themselves were their worst ent•- mties. Is it IA tttrango indeed, that nutty of the wisest men to our country, at thy• tint, of the formation of our government were ilicredlleels as to the success of the Federal - Constitution. Why should it have been otherwise? The experiment of a representative democracy was a novel one. The ancient republics of Greece, were either real aristocracies or democracies. These have, in all instances, failed of that object; and, through designing demagogues and conflicting factions, lost their liberties.-- Rome, a republic, partly aristocratic and partly democratic, by the encroachment of the latter branch upon the Milner, deprived the Senate of its authority, and next the democracy bet-Mlle the prey of ambitious leaders, and the result was, that the Roman people who had been masters of the whole world, became at last, the shiVes of a single despot. The More recent Italian and Butch Republic;were, properly speaking, mere oligarchies, subject to the intrigues of hos tile factions and ambitious individuals, and were found to afford but tbeble protection to individual righLs, and a very unsafe guarantee of national independence. It is no 'natter of' astonishment, thereftwe, that honest, intelligent I. and reflective men should have believed it impossible to effect, in this country, what !WM' haul before been ac complished by any people upon the face of the earth. But there were well found who Relieved that such a form of Government as the framers of the Constitution adopted would be permanent ; and to men of such opinions are we indebted for our form of Government and liberty, such:as they be queathed to us, and it. is for us, who enter tain similar opinions, to guard and defend the inheritance of our RepubliCan fathers. The men who stood pre-eminent as the ad vocates of the capacity of man for self-gov ernment, and the hearty opposers of mon archical innovations were Thoinas Jeffer son, Benjamin Franklin, George Clinton, and Samuel Adams—these are the men who, with others of similar opinions, laid the foundation of the Republican or Democratic party. A FRIEND OF THE , PEOPLE The Brazilian blockade of the ports of Tlraguay had deranged trade to a great extent and produced much political in dignation.