PtiAtitkV*um
Puilvaiiim =gni NOsimiciDAY NT
SANDERSON & C O. I
J. M. Moran,
H. G Bicrra,
Wax. A. MORTON, AISPOED SA.NDIDISON
TERMS—Two Dollars per annum, payable in
all eases in adVanee. -
_
OF --S
EICEOtrrEWEST COILIVER or CENTRE
SW:UM.
• •
to
letters on business should be ad
dressedlo COOPER. SANDERSON& CO.
prittvg.
The Flag of True Blue.
EY A PRIVATE SOLDIER.
Hang the glorious banner out,
Over every home and hill;
With a loyal song and shout,
By every gleaming heartfelt will;
So let the glorious heavenly beam,
All fill this passing hour,
Round every Union heart gleam
This fragrant glooming bower ;
With all its stiring voices,
Heaven gladly rejoices.
The foe is striking hard,
Upon their traitor bands;
But in their castle yard,
We snatch It from their hands;
In forest and on sea,
We show our daring fights;
Our banner shall be free
Though we march through rainy nights
With all their crashing thunder
We swallow up their blunder.
And when our soldiers brave,
Deal out their deathly stroke,
.On battlefield or wave,
Fight through battle's blazing smoke
Our banners we'll uphold
The Union soldiers cry,
And save its every fold
Though many brave ninst die;
Thotfgh many a traitor scout
Will try to fight it out.
Rise then each loyal man
And save your Nation's Ilag; .
Your homes you too must sea n.
On hillside and on crag
And with your bravest soul,
;Go forth and let It yield;
In earnest tones control
The rebels in the hold;
- Your heart which should be bold.
I trust will o'er grow cold.
Our flag which bends the hough,
Is still within our sight;
Though whirlwinds round it blow
Will stand it through time tight;
So let us every one
Cling to the straining mast,
While yet the winds rage on
And hold the banner List,
Tin storming traitors fall,
And we land safely one and all.
it aj.
Misplaced Kindness
There is nothing like an obliging dis
position, I thought to myself one day,
when traveling in a railway ear from
Boston to Worcester, seeing a gentle
man put hi t mself to considerable trouble
to land another gentleman, who had
fallen asleep, at his destination.
"Pas4wers for NVe. Needham?"
cried out the conductor; " the car stops
but one minute."
" Hallo !" exclaimed a young man in
spectacles, at the same time seizing an
old gentleman by the shoulders, who
was sleeping very soundly, " here's
Captain Holmes fast asleep, and this is
West Needham, where he lives. Conic,
get up, Captain Holmes, here you are."
The gentleman got upon his feet and
began to rub his eyes, but the young
man forced him along to the door of the
car, and gently landed Idin on the road
-side. Whiz went the steam, and we
began to fly again. The obliging young
man took his seat again, and said, with
a good deal of satisfaction to somebody
near him : " Well, if it hadn't been for
me, Capt. Holmes would have missed
his home finely. But here, he has left
his bundles," and the young man picked
up a paper parcel and threw it out.
" Well," said he, "if it hadn't been for
me, Capt. Holmes would have missed
his bundles finely."
When we stopped at the next station
a lady began to rummage under the seat
where Capt. Holmes had been sitting,
and exclaimed in great alarm, " I can't
find my bundle."
"Was it done up in a piece of brown
Taper ?" I asked.
" Yes it was, to be sure," said the
lady.
"Then," said I, " that young man
yonder threw it out of the window at.the
last stopping place."
This led to.o, scene between the oblig
ing young man and the old lady, which
ended by the former taking the address
of the latter, and promising to return
the package in a few days, provided he
should ever find it.
" Well," said the obliging young man,
"catch me doing a good natured thing
again. What can Ido for that old wo
man, if I cannot find her bundle ?"
Whiz went the steam, ding, ding,
ding went the bell, the dust flew, the
sparks flew, and the ears flew, as they
say, like lighting, till we stopped again
at the next station ; I forget the name
of it now, but it wonld be of no conse
quence if I could remember it. An old
gentleman started up and began to poke
under the seat where Capt. Holmes had
sat.
"What are you looking for ?"I in-
quired.
"Looking for?" said the old gentle
man, "why, I am looking for my bun
dle of clothes.'"
" Was it tied up in a yellow - handker
chief ?"_ I asked.
"Yes, and nothing else," said the old
" Good heavens ! exclaimed the
obliging young man, " I threw it out of
the car at Needham ; thought it belong
ed to Captain Holmes."
" Captian Holmes !" exclaimed the
old fellow, with a look of despair who
is Captain Holmes The bundle con
tains all my clean clothes, that I was to
wear at my son's wedding to-morrow
morning. Dear me, what shall Ido ?"
Nothing could be done but to give his
address to the obliging young man as
before, and console him:44f with the
promise that the bundle should bc re
turned to him, provided it wa , tvcr
found. The, obliging young man was
in despair, and made another vow that
he would never attempt to be obliging
again. The next station was his land
ing place, and as he went towards the
door of the car, he saw a silver headed
cane, which he took hold of and read
the inscription on it, " Moses Holmes,
East Needham."
" Well!" again exclaimed the ohlig
ing young man, " if here isn't Captain
Holmes' Cane!"
" Yes," said a gentleman who got in
at the last station, " and the old fellow
is lame, too. He will miss his stick.-
"Do you know him inquired dike
obliging young gentleman.
"Know him? I should think so,"
replied the gentleman ; "he is my
uncle."
" And does he live in East Needham ?"
asked- the obliging young roan.
"Of course - he does. He never lived
any where else."
" Well, if it don't beat everything!"
said the obliging young gentleman ;
" and I put him out at West Needham,
a mile and a half the other, side of his
home."
Siii" M. D. Conway, who some time
ago attempted to negotiate with Mr.
Mason, the rebel representative in Lon
don, for the liberation of the Southern
slaves, the Confederates to be recom
pensed by the support of Northern Abo
litionists for their independence, which
proposition was repudiated by the Abo
litionists, as soon as it was made public,
has written a letter to the ..4nti-Slavery
Standard, in which he says that these
views were endorsed by Garrison Wen
del Phillips and others who sent him to
- England. 'We.quote the following ex
tract from communication : •
"I altlirm that I had authority to declare,
on - behalf of theleading Abolitionists - who
sent me here, that their slipport was given
to thtsvar only boontuie sneer Of 'Mem
'odpat4on."
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VOLUME 65.
pioallanouo.
THE EXECUTION OF MULLER.
Full Particulars of the Hanging of Mil
ler—Shocking Scenes Around the Gal.
lows—Confession by the Condemned
Han.
[From the London Times, Nov. 15.]
Yesterday morning - Muller was hung
in front of Newgate. He died before
such a concourse as we hope may never
be again assembled either for the spec
tacle which they had-in view or for the
gratification of such lawless ruffianism
as yesterday found its scope around the
gallows. - While he stood firm on the
scaffold as the hang-man turned the
last bolts beneath his feet, Muller with
his last words owned his guilt. His
quiet and almost instantaneous death
cut short what might have been a full
confession. The mere details, however,
matter not ; enough, at least, was dis
closed to show thatthe sentence of man
kind was right. In the quiet earnest'
words With which Muller bowed his
head and said, " Ich habc es gethan !"
" I did it !" and so, in speaking, went
before his God, ha told enough to vindi
cate man's justice.
A great crowd was expected around
the gallows, and indeed a great crowd
came. The barriers to check the crowd
were begun across all the streets which
lead to Newgate as early as on Friday
last, and all through Friday night and
on Saturday and Sunday-a dismal crowd
of dirty vagrants kept hovering round
them. These groups, however, were
not composed of the real regular habitues
of the gallows, but of mere young be
ginners, whose immature tastes were
satisfied with cat calls in the dark, fond
ling the harriers, or at most a hurried,
scrambling throw of dirt. at the police
when they dispersed them. It was dif
ferent, however, on Sunday night.
During the early part of the evening
there was a crowd as much of loungers
as of drunken men, which stood the
miserable drizzle with tolerable patience,
while the public houses were open and
flared brightly through the mist. But
at 11 o'clock a voluntary weeding of the
throng commenced. The greater part
of the rough mass moved off, leaving
the regular execution crowd to take
their early places. These were soon oc
cupied.
1=2131512E1
For a little time there seemed some
thing which was not alone confusion,
but indecision in the throng till the
dirty chaos settled itself down at last,
and while noisy groups went whooping
and wrangling away, a thick, dark,
noisy fringe of men and women settled
like bees around the nearest barriers,
and gradually obliterated their close
white lines from view. It was a clear
bright moonlight night. Yet, though
all could see, and well be seen, it was
impossible to tell who formed the staple
of this crowd that gathered to their
sight so early. They were well dressed
and ill-dressed, old men and lads, wo
men and girls. Many had jars of beer,
at least half were smoking, and the
lighting of fusees was constant,
though not more constant than
the cries and laughter, as all who
lit them sent them whirling and blitzing
over their heads into the thicker crowd
beyond. Occasionally as the rain, which
fell heavy at intervals, came down very
fast, there was a thinning of the fringe
about the beams, but, on the whole, they
stood it out very steadily, and formed a
thick, dark ridge round the inclosure
kept before the debtors' door, where
Muller was to die. As we have said, as
the showers came more or less heavily,
so the crowd thinned and thickened in
its numbers; but there was always
enough to mark, like the line of a
massive grave, where the drop was to
be brought in. From this great quad
rangle the sight-seers never moved, but
from hour to hour, almost from minute
to minute, grew noisier, dirtier, and
more dense. Till 3 o'clock it was one
long revelry of songs and laughter,
shouting, and often quarreling, though,
to do them mere justice, there was at
least till then a half-drunken ribald
gaiety among the crowd that made them
all akin. Until about 3 o'clock not more
than four thousand, or at the most five
thousand, were assembled, and over all
the rest of the wide space the white un
occupied barriers showed up like a net
work of bones above the mud. But
about three the workmen came to finish
the last harriers after the scaffold had
been carried to the debtors' door, and
from that• time the throng rapidly.iv.-
creased in numbers.
111=1
Worse in conduct it couldn't be, though
still night hid its ruffianism. Someone
attempted to preach in the midst of the
crowd, but his voice was soon drowned
amid much laughter. Then there was
another lull, not, indeed, of quiet, but
at least a lull from any pre-eminent at
tempt at noise, though every now and
then it was broken by that inexplicable
sound like a dull blow, followed, as be
fore, always by laughing, sometime by
fighting. Then, again, another man,
stronger in voice and more conversant
with those he had to plead before, be
gan the old familiar hymn of " The
Promised Land." For a little time this
man sung alone, and at last he was
joined by a few others, when another,
and apparently more popular voice gave
out some couplet in which at once, and
as if by magic, the crowd joined, with
tlic chorus of
- oh my!
Think, I've got to die."
Till this again \ superseded by the
sone of—
Muller, Muller,
le's the man. -
All these vocal clihrts, however, were
cut short by the dull, rumbling sound
which, amid cheers, shouts, whoopings,
claiming of hands, hisses, and cries of
" Why 'wasn't it brought Out for Town
ley r heralded the arrival of the dirty
old gallows. This was for the time a
great diversion, and the crowd cheered
or hissed in parts, or as the humor took
them. while the horses were removed
and the lumbering black box was
worked back slowly and with difficulty
against the door of the jail. The shouts
and obscene remarks which were utter
ed as the two upright posts were lifted
into their places were had enough, but
they were trilles'as compared with the
comments which followed the slow ef
forts of the two laborers to get the cross
beam into its place. At last this was
finished, and then, amid such yells as
only such sightseers and so - disappointed
could give vent to, a strong force of
police filed in and took their places,
doubly lining the enclosure round the
drop, before the foremost of the
hungry crowd, who had kept their
places thmugh wet and dry, since
Sunday night. Then, as every
minute, the day broke more and more
clear, the crowd could be seen in all the
horrible reality in which it had been
heard throughout the long, wet night.
All the wide space in front of Newgate
was packed with masses within the
barriers, and kept swaying to and fro in
little patches, while beyond these again,
out to St. Sepulchre's and down toward
Ludgate hill, the mob had gathered and
was gathering fast. Among the throng
were very few women • and even these
were generally of the women;
class, and
almost as ahondoned in behavior as their
few better dressed exceptions. The rest
of the crowd was, as a rule, made up of
young men, but such young men as only
such a scene could bring together—
sha rpers, thieves, gamblers, betting men,
the outsiders of the boxing ring, brick
layers' laborers, dock workmen, German
artisans mid sugar bakers, with a fair
sprinkling of what may be almost called
as low a grade as any of the worst there
met—the rakings of cheap singing-halls
and billiard rooms, the fast young
" gents" of London.
None but those who looked down
upon the awful crowd of yesterday will
ever believe in the wholesale, open,
broadcast manner in which garotting
and highway robbery were carried on.
We do not now speak of those whom
the mere wanton mischief of the crowd
led to " bonnet" as they passed, or else
to pluck their hats from air their heads
and toss them over the mob amid roars
and shouts oflaughter, as they .came from
all sides and went in all directions,: WI
sometime. even tkey fell within tire ali•
closure round the drop, and were kicked
under the gallows by the police. The
propriety of such an amusement at such
a time admits of question, to say the
least, even among such an audience..
But even this rough play sinks into
harmlessness beside the open robbery
and violence which yesterday morning
had its way virtually unchecked in
Newgate street. There were regular
gangs, not so much in the crowd, itself
within the barriers along the avenues
which led to them, and these vagrantS
openly stopped, " bonneted," sometimes
garrotted, and always plundered any
person whose dress led them to think
him worth the trouble ; the risk was
nothing. Sometimes their victims
made a desperate resistance, and for a
few minutes kept the crowd around
them violently swaying to and fro amid
the dreadful uproar. In no instance,
however, could we ascertain that " Po
lice !" was ever called.
The rule was such robbing and ill
treatment as made the victims only too
glad to fly from the spot where they had
suffered it, and who, if even then they
ventured on giving any information'to
the police, could hope for no redress in
such acrowd. Such were the open pas
times of the mob from daylight till near
the hour of execution, when the great
space around the prison seemed choked
with its vast multitude. Literally,
nearly lifty thousand people were cram
med between the walls of this wide
thoroughfare. Wherever the eye could
rest it found the same dim monotony
of pale but dirty faces, which seemed to
waver as the steam of the hot crowd
rose high. At last, when it was near
tower& 8 o'clock, there came shouts of
" Hats off!" and the whole mass com
menced, amid cries and struggles to
wriggle to and fro as the bell of New
gate began to toll, not as it sounded in
side the prison, loud upon the ear of the
fast dying man, but with a muffled and
foggy boom that never would have quiet
ed the yells of that fierce mob but that
they somehow seemed to yearn and
listen always for any token of the lit
scene yet to come.
APPEARANCE OF THE SHERIFFS AND
I=l
About half-past seven o'clock, the
sheriffs of London, Mr. Alderman Da
kin and Mr. Alderman Ilesley, with the
under-sheriffs, Mr. Septimus Davidson
and Mr. De Jersey, went from the Lon
don Coffee-house, in Ludgate hill, where
they had passed the night, to the court
house of the Old Bailey, where they re
mained until a quarter to eight. There
they were met by Mr. Jonas, the Gov
ernor of Newgate, and by Mr. Gibson,
the prison surgeon, and, forming them
selves into a procession, the authorities
Massed from the Sessions-house to the
jail. The way lay through a series of
gloomy passages, sonic of them subter
ranean and dimly lighted, and over the
graves of maleftilAors who had been
buried there during the last thirty years.
Emerging at length into an open court
yard within the precincts of the prison
they paused for a few moments, until a
door at the further end of the court
yard was unexpectedly opened, and
Muller presented himself, attended by
a single warden, on the way from his
cell to the scafford. He was pale, but
quite calm and collected. He walked
with a somewhat measured pace, with
his hands clasped in front of him and
looking upward, with a touching ex
pression of countenance. He was dress
ed with scrupulous care in the clothes
which he wore on his trial. Since then
he had improved much in appearance
and upon the whole, he was a comely
looking young man. Without the
slightest touch of bravado, his demean
or, at this time, was quiet and self-pos
sessed in a remarkable degree.
EM=I
From the court yard he passed with
his attendant into the press-room, fbl
lowed by the authorities. There he
submitted. himself to the executioner,
and underwent the process of pinioning
with unfaltering courage. While all
about him were visibly touched, not a
muscle in his face moved, and he showed
no sign of emotion. At this trying
moment Dr. Capel approached and en
deavored to sustain him again and again.
Repeating in a docile and affectionate
manlier words which the reverend gen
tleman put into his mouth, the convict
more than once said, " Christ, the Lamb
of God, have mercy upon me." Dr.
Capel repeatedly turned an anxious look
- first on the prisoner and then on those
about him, as if he felt that all his
efforts to induce him to confess if he
was really guilty were about to be una
vailing. As the executioner was re
moving his neckerchief and shirt-collar,
on the arrangement of which some care
had evidently been bestowed, the con
vict moved his head about to allow
of that being done more easily, and
when these little articles of personal
adornment were stuffed within the
breast of his coat he remained callous
and unmoved. The process of pinioning
over Mr. Jones, the governor, approach
ed the convict and asked him to take a
seat, but he declined the oiler, and re
mained standing until the prison bell
summoned him to his doom. As he
remained in that attitude b - lie could not
help being struck with the appearance
of physical strength whioh his figure
denoted, and still more with his indom
itable fortitude. Though short in stat
ure, he was compactly and symmetrical
ly made, and there were manifest
indications of strength about his chest,
arms, hands, and the back part of his
neck in particular.
A signal having been given by the
Governor, the prisoner was escorted by
the sheriffs and undersheriffs to the foot
of the scatlbld, the Rev. INI r. Davis, the
ordinary, leading the way, and reading
as he went some of the opening verses
of the burial service. At the little porch
leading to the gallows the sheriffs and
officersstopped. Dr. Cape! alone ascend
ed it with the guilty limn. The clergy
men at once took their places on the
little line of sawdust which hail been
laid to mark the outline of the drop
which falls , and which, without such a
signal to denote its situation, might
easily have been overlooked in the dusky
black of the whole well-wornapparatus.
Close after them,, with a light natural
step, came Muller. His arms were
pinioned close behind : him ; his face
was very pale, indeed, but still it wore
an easy and, if it could be said at such
a time, even a cheerful expression, as
much removed from mere bravado as it
seemed to be from fear. His whole
bearing and aspect was natural. Like
a soldier falling into the ranks, he took
with a steady step his place beneath the
beam, then looking up, and seeing that
he was not exactly beneath the proper
spot whence the short black link 9f
chain depended, he shifted a few inches,
and then stood quite still. Following
hint close came the common hangman,
who at once pulling a white cap over
the condemned man's face, fastened his
feet with a strap, and shambled off the
scaffold amid low hisses.
LAST WORDS OF MULLER-HIS CONFES-
While this was being done, Dr. Capel,
addressing the dying man, said, Muller,
iu wenigen Augenblieken stehert Sie
yor Gott ; ich frage Sie nochmals, and
zum letzen male, Sind Sir schuldig oder
unschuldig ? Muller—lch bin unschul
dig.
Dr. Capel—Sie siud unschuldig ?
Muller—Gott weiss was ich gethan habe.
Dr. Capel—Gott weiss was Sie gethan
haben. Weiss er ouch dass Sie dies
Verbrechen gethan haben? Muller—
Ja ; ich hebes es gethau.
The words translated are as follows :
Dr. Caper said : Muller, in a few mo
ments you will stand before God. I ask
you again, and for the last time, are you
guilty or not guilty? Muller answered:
Not guilty.
Dr. Capel : You are NOT guilty?—
Muller : God knows what I have done.
Dr. Capel: God knows what I have
done.
Does he also know that you have com
mitted this crime ?-11ullertyes ; I have
done it.
FALLING OF I'HE DROP.
Almost as soon 'as these words-left his
lips his kind spiritual guides quitted the
platform, and the drop fell. Those.who
stood close to the apparatus could Just
detects' movement i tcalee so sli,ghtiln
tkut 3t •ould s J WI , oiled
LANCASTER, WRI)NESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 14, 1864.
movement, but, rather, an almost im
perceptible muscular flicker, that passed
through the frame. This was 1l; and
before the pecular humming noise of
crowd had . died Muller had
ceased to live ;though, as he hung, his
features seemed to swell and sharpen so
under the thin, white cap that the dead
man's face stood out like a cast in plas
ter. For five or ten minutes the crowd,
who knew nothing of his confession,
were awed and stilled by this quiet,
rapid passage from life to death. The
impression, however, if any real im
pression it was beyond that of mere cu
riosity, did not last long, and before
the slight, slow vibrations of the body
had well. ended, robbery and violence,
loud laughing, oaths, fighting, obscene
conduct, and still more filthy language
reigned round the gallows far and near.
Such, too, the scene remained, with lit
tle change or respite, till the old hang
man slunk again along the drop amid
hisses and sneering inquiries of what
he had had to drink that morning. He
after failing once to cut the rope, made
a second effort more successfully, and
the body of Muller disappeared from
view.
Preparing-Food for Stock
It is curious to remark that in the
agricultural discussions which are had
at the yearly exhibitions, the same
questions are constantly recurring, yet
no approach is made to a solution of
them. It is "never ending, still begin
ning," some holding one opinion very
firmly, and another just as firmly the
contrary. This is owing to the fact that
so little care is taken to determine facts
by accurate experiments. Opinions are
made up on a very cursory observation
of facts, and whether hastily or care
fully men consider themselves bound
to stand by their opinions.
We find in the "Country Gentleman"
a report of a discussion of one of these
questions, at the annual New York
State Fair. The question was as to the
economy of "steaming and cutting food
for stock." After a long interchange
of views, the subject was remanded to
the executive committee, with the re
quest that, in their discretion, it may
either be made the subject of another
discussion, or of prize essays.
One speaker on this occasion ex
pressed the opinion that the effect of
cooked feed on the health of animals
was of great importance in the consid
eration of the subject. That pork and
beef made on cooked feed was flabby
and inferior to that made on dry feed.—
This seems to - correspond with a com
mon idea that the firmest and best pork
is made on dry corn, and that even old
corn is to be preferred to new for the
purpose of finishing up the fattening
process. Any way of feeding, the
same speaker remarked, that inter
fered with the natural mode, was of
doubtful character—the cooked feed was
passed sooner than it should be, and on
this account impaired the health, mid
was injurious.
A practical farmer, who had a large
cutting machine of four-horse power,
(lid not find it profitable to use it—he
did not believe in cutting and steaming
food for stock. He did not want corn
stalks cut for sheep—the butts of the
stalk had very little nutrition. His
sheep wintered well on clean straw and
corn-stalks, and it was more economi
cal to have the food consumed dry and
uncut; has one hundred and fifty tons
of straw, and wants the sheep to eat a
large quantity and tread all they can
under foot.
Another speaker alluded to the prac
tice of Mr. Horsfall, the famous Eng
lish dairyman. The theory that he had
tslopted was, that feed cut and steam
ed parted more readily with theorganic
constituents, and the effect produced
was remarkable. Under this process of
feeding it was found, too, that the feed
passing through the animal system was
rendered in better order for the manure
heap. But the practice of steaming feed
had not been extensive. "
Again, a number had used cut food, hay
and straw, for ten years ; had fed daily
without cutting for experiment, and
believed fifteen or sixteen pounds of cut
and steamed hay to be equal to twenty
five pounds not so treated. The food by
steaming is rendered sweeter and more
palatable. Steaming mouldy straw re
moves its flavor as if it had never been
injured. Cutting and steaming in
creased the value of the feed 33percent.;
there was no great increase of labor by
adopting this system. All , refuse mate
rial about the barns could be worked up
into palatable food. Had made an ex
periment in feeding cattle and sheep on
straw cut and steamed, with two quarts
of bran per head, and they preferred it
to the best hay. Had experimented
with ten head of cattle, feeding five on
cut and steamed straw, and five on hay,
and then alternating ; end there was
the greatest improvement with those
fed on steamed food. In experiments,
have not weighed feed and animals, but
find that those consuming three bushels
of feed require but two when steamed;
they at first eat the same quantity, but
after a little, 23 per cent. less. When
steamed food is used for cows it im
proves the quality, of milk, and gives a
better quality of butter.
Another experiment was related, in
which sixty-four cows were fed, and a
steaming apparatus employed ; had been
cutting and feeding hay for some days ;
hay was mouldy and musty, but by
steaming it wasrendered palatable, and
cows were well satisfied with it. Had
it not been steamed, a large share of the
feed would not have been eaten. Cows
fed on steamed food Were healthier,
were not troubled with constipation,
and there was a saving of 33 per cent.
in fodder. By cutting and steaming
the feed, could keep eighty head of
cattle where he kept fifty by the old
method, and the prodtict of milk was
increased one-third. Had never weigh
ed stock nor feed while conducting ex
periments.
This last opinion is very much to the
point, and would be entitled to great
weight but for the concluding remark,
that there was no method used to test
its accuracy. In all this testimony,
brought together upon an important
question of farm economy, there are no
facts brought to bear upon it, but only
the opinions of several gentlemen whom
we assume to be equally competent to
judge, but who are directly at variance
with each other.
With no more light than that
which these New YOrk farmers
throw upon the matter we should be
tempted, perhaps to go to the ex
pense of the cutting and steaming for
a large and profitable milk dairy near
a city, where labor can be commanded,
and the highest prices asked for food.
But on farms generally, where a lead
ing object in feeding stock is to convert
the coarse material into manure, our
opinion is, that these expensive opera
tions will not pay. Twenty years ago
an intelligent farmer who did not in
dulge much in theories, struck what in
my opinion, was just the right practice.
For his laboring stock, :at breakfast and
dinner, when the time for eating was
limited, he provided ground food, rye or
corn, and mixed it with cut straw.
moistened with water. Thispreparatiorr
enabled them-to get a good, substantial
repast,in a abort time. At other timeit
he thought it well to have them atibpir :
leisure grind apd 'motatiosto" tbr duia
selvirs:
aDREss.
To the /:kwaocraiic Citizens of Peian.slit-
I have but waited thetardy move
ments of our public authoritiesin col
lecting the result of the election held on
the Bth,ult., in order to discharge the in
cumbent duty of calling your attention
to the means by which a"majority of
20,081 votes (as I nowlearn,from offidial
circles) has been recorded against us.—
This majority is made up frpm all the
votes stated to have been given in the
districts at home, including those by
proxy, and all those given in the ar
mies—negro votes and all—in every
form of returns, lawful and otherwise.
There have been at least two palpable
forms of fraud practiced by the sup
porters of Abraham Lincoln, in order
to make up this majority, and thus se
cure-him the electoral vote of the State.
Fictitious ballots have been placed in
the ballot-boxes, answering to false
registries, the same as has been repeat-
Oily proven to have been the case in
our elections heretofore ; and, secondly,
the suffrages of the volunteer soldiers
have not only been over-awed and per
verted.by corrupt partisan officials, but
the returns themselves, in many cases,
have been tampered with and trans
formed. In reference to fictitious votes,
who believes that the city of Philadel
phia has to-day, or ever had, 99,000
voters legally and properly registered
in her various wards and. precints
And yet that number of votes had been
counted as thus resident—giving near
12,000 Abolition majority in a city that
not many years since burnt an Aboli
tion hall in open (lay, as a public nui
sance!
The late attempt to exercise the right
of suffrage on the put of the volunteer
soldiers, has proved a signal failure—
farce I would call it, but for its various
melancholy concomitants. The doubts
entertained by many as to the wisdom
and propriety of this measure, prior to
its adoption, would seem to have been
fully realized.
It is impossible ever to secure a fair
and full distribution of tickets, so as to
allow a free choice to the voters in army
service. The expenSes of the attempts
made to do so, are almost beyond belief.
On the part of this State, they will reach
at least 530,000; and the two political
organizations expended fully as much
wore. The system will always he liable
to great abuses, and roust ever he un
equal in its operation, and unfair in its
results.
Certain it is, that the privilege of
voting given to the soldier is a mockery,
when the very man against whom per
haps, he would like to vote, has the
most despotic control over those who
rule that soldiers' every movement, -and
could send him at a word to the front of
battle and to death, if he refuses com
pliance with their behests. Until the
volunteer soldiery have the power of
choosing their own officers,' tin right of
suffrage for other purposes can never be
properly carried into effect in the army.
Had they beep fairly and freely left to
their own preferences, can any sane
man doubt, hut that there would have
been about the same proportionate di
vision of sentiment expressed by the
soldier in the late elections, that was
manifested by their fathers and broth
ers at home?
It is this army vote, (not to speak of
the other frauds, i which has given our
opponents their recent beggarly tri
umph in Pennsylvania. Beggarly in
deed—when it is recollected that it
shows a falling off of from forty to fifty
thousand in their majority, within the
last four years Such a victory, and so
obtai lied, betokens a spee,ly downfall as
a party, to the ad v( wates of negro equal
ity in our staunch old Common weath.
Rer , dhrtions nerri• go bovkwarrlx. It is
worthy of remark here also, that a
change of twenty-five thousand votes
properly divided amongst the larger•
States, would have defeated Mr. Lincoln
altogether.
It was our duty, fellow citizens, to
have rescued the constitution at the late
elections, if we could. - The effort was
gallantly, but unsuccessfully made.
And now, in view of all that must in
evitably transpire within the next four
years, I feel honestly, more like congiat
ulating you as a political party, on hav
ing escaped a fearful responsibility, than
offering explanations and condolence
over a defeat. After entailing a weight
of suffering upon this country, from
which nothing but the most radical
measures can ever relieve it ; after hav
ing forced into operation a financial
system, which is but the mask of ruin in
that regard ; atter so mis-managing the
unfortunate civil war now upon their
hands,.as to leave scarcely a hope of sav
ing the Union—it. is but right that the
Abolitionists, and their instrument,
Abraham Lincoln, should remain in a
position to feel the first fruit of their own
wickedness and folly, and meet the
curses and condemnation of an outraged
and suffering people, when the impend
ing clouds shall mature intQ storm and
darkness.
Our plain duty, fellow-citizens, both
as a party and as patriots, is to maintain
our noble organization in all its power
and activity. It now comprises up
wards of two hundred and seventy-six
thousand freemen—the bone, sinew and
brains of the Commonwealth. Every
hope of an ultimate re-union of the
States, and of restoring the Government
and laws to their original purity and
vigor, lies in the progress and ultimate
triumph of the Democracy. We must
still continue to act as the sentinels of
freedom, and vindicate our time-hon
ored principles before the people. In
stead of disbanding our clubs cud asso
ciations, let us increase their number
and inspirit their action. Hold, at least,
monthly meetings. Gather if possible,
and organize a Democratic association
in every school district, and boldly can
vass on all proper occasions, the meas
ures of our corrupt and imbecile rulers.
Expose the secrect leagues and banditti
like gatherings of our opponents ; and
hold up to merited scorn those who, in
midnight assemblies, and under kindred
darkness conspire to rob and ruin our
country, and at the same time to de
grade our people by plotting an affilia
tion with the negro race. Let us, as a
party, march steadily on our accustom
ed paths, employing neither stealth nor
secrecy ; they are unworthy of freedom,
who are afraid to defend it in open day.
Allow me, in this connection, to add
a word, also, in behalf of the Democratic
press of Pennsylvania. Always but too
poorly rewarded, now, when nearly all
public patronage is in the hands of the
fanatics, and the expenses of printing
greatly increased, it becomes the mani
fest duty of every faithful Democrat to
support and strengthen his lopar, paper,
and to discriminate in his patronage, if
compelled to do so at all, in favor of the
Democratic press of our own State.—
There is a culpable carelessness in this
respect, in many of our public men,
which is a very proper subject of repre
hension, as well as of remembrence to
those who suffer from it.
Under ordinary circumstances, fellow
citizens, I would deem the present duty
of my' place fully discharged in this
hasty reference to the late election, and
the sequent suggestions which I have
ventured upon. And in what I further
undertake at this time, it is possible I
may be charged with traveling some
what out of the sphere of my appoint
ment, and with entering upon a field of
inquiry that is beyond its usual limits.
But as my purpose is manly and upright,
and,
I may add, patriotic—l feel 'I may
safely rely in these times, that the spirit
of liberty will secure me at least your
indulgence.
On, or about the Ist day of September
last, forty-four substantial and reputa
ble citizens of Columbia and Luzerne
counties, in this State, were seized by
military authority and hurried with in
decent haste, at the bayonet's point,
into the depths of a distant and disused
military fortress, as a place of confine
ment. One of them, in a letter to his
relatives, in simple words that must
touch every honest heart, thus de
scribes their imprisonment:
" Onr treatment was hibuman. When
first taken and incarcerated in this cell, not
a stool or bench to rest our weary limbs on;
rota_ cup, or.laiife, or fork' or plate; and
WWI few indPTenscalls itcidOlf 3 s.Werff Par;
chased at exh Oroitant-pAws attended Ndth
l'exiitiosul delay. "Forty-four of u.s 'one
cell, without even a separateplaoato attend
to the calls , of nature, it is no wonder that
one of our number was soon laid in his last
resting place, and many others prostrated
by disease.-
Four of their number have recently
been brought to trial before a military
Con - mission, and three of them sentenced
to heavy fines and imprisonment, upon
charges clearly cognizable in the Civil
Courts of the State and of the United
States. With the question of the guilt
or innocence 'of these men, (and I be
lieve them truly innocent of any delib
erate infraction of law,) I have in this
place; nothing to do: It is the startling
fact that forty-four men, of good , repute
in their respective neighborhoods, some
of whom had held places of high pub
lic trust and honor, should be seized by
soldiery, in the heart of this peaceful
and loyal State, dragged off to a noisome
military dungeon, and there kept for
months, without being confronted by an
accuser ; one of them in the meantime
dying, as is believed, from suffering
thus; another becoming blind from his
confinement, while most of the others
still continue shut up in Fort Mifflin—
a damp, island fort, constructed more
with a view of resisting a bombardment,
than anything else! A brave old name
desecrated : - a fortress associated with
many proud recollections and memories
of our forefathers' struggle for freedom.
turned into a Bastile for the uses of
modern tyranny!
This is not all, nor in my view the
worst of the case—if it is to be establish
ed as a precedent : These men are being
drawn out, one by one, to be tried before
a tribunal unknown to the Constitution
—called a Court Martial, in which they
are denied the privilege—priceless in a
freeman'Ei estimate—of a trial by a jury
of their peers, and of the vicinage !
I should not impliedly impugn your in
telligence and love of freedom, fellow
citizens, by offering here, any elaborate
diseussion of this sacred right of trial by
jury, No work of tyranny so stirs the
inmost depth of every freeman's heart,
as any attempt at infringement of this
precious principle of liberty, which has
come down to us untrammelled and un
impaired from the days of Magna Char
to to the present moment. The very
idea of a Military Conanzi.lsion sitting in
the - ffeart of our faithful, law-abiding
old Commonwealth, to try anything
but simply breaches of military law and
regulations, is monstrous and unbear
able. Our Legislature fairly humbled
itself to subserviency, in passing laws
punishing any resistance, by word or
deed, to the conscription laws of Con
gress ; and Congress in its turn has piled
enactment on enactment—now endors
ing our gracious President's proclama-
I ions of martial law, and next restrain
ing them—but all the while pointing to
th, roorts as the proper tribunals
to try the class of offenses newly an-
Jounced—shall I say, CREATED, by both
President and Congress—Lord and Mas
ters of a submissive people!
subunit, fellow-citizens, whether it
is not the duty of the two hundred and
seventy-six thousand Democrats of
Pennsylvania, to inquire into this alarm
ig violation of those great principles of
human rights, which even no monarch
on the throne of our English encestors
since the date of Magna Charter, ever
yet invaded with impunity ; and no ad
ministration of our Government ever be
fore dared to infringe, even in the sligh
est degree ? The fate to-day, of these
men of Columbia county, if innocent,
may be ours to-morrow. Besides if it
really has come to pass, that the old laws
of the land require enforcement by bay
onets, and the...new - ones introduced, and
obool to hr introduced, need the same
illustration and support, it mustat least
be interesting to the people to know it,
and be prepared to yield up gracefully
all those cherished principles of civil
freedom baptized in the blood of our
fatli'it:lsf of the revolution, and bequeath
ed to us as their inestimable legacy !
True, we had the boastful announce
ment of the Seciretary of State at Wash
ington that the suspension of the writ
(i f hobcos corpus placed every indepen
dent heart in the land under his gaoler
ship ; and we had also the practice of
Secretary Stanton's satraps In various
places in other States, showingthe same
grand estimate of his powers; but that
military commissions and secret trials,
WITHOUT JURIES, were to be substituted
forproceedings in the civil Courts of the
country, in cases clearly defined by stat
ute law as belongingexclusively to their
jurisdiction, is a state of things which
coukt, not have been fully contemplated
by the people of Pennsylvania at the
late election. We really seem to be fast
reaching the condition of the German
Baron of olden time, who, in order to
provide the means for maintaining his
castle against assailants, mortgaged it to
some neighboring Shylocks, who seized
and appropriated it themselves, before
the Baron's defences were completed.
Or, in plainer words, in conducting
what appeared at the outset to be a pro
per struggle to sustain the powers of the
Constitution, and the supremacy of the
laws over the Southern States—we are
now sinking the same vital principles
here at home!
Who is responsible for this position of
affairs so far as our State is concerned ?
The new Military Commander of this
Division, with his own fair record to
preserve, and a bright ancestral fame in
memory, cannot be acting a voluntary
part in them. The Governor of Perot
sylvania disavows all prior knowledge
of the original proceedings against the
Columbia county-prisoners, and all re
sponsibility in the premises. The Judi
ciary, if applied to, would probably be
disinclined to enter into a conflict with
the military authorities r in which would
simply be illustrated, that the President
and his Cabinet ministers are the Lords
paramount of our destinies, both civil
and military!
Tht•people can allow—canpexpelitate,
this position of our liberties if they de
sire. They have the power—the awful
power to prove recreant to themselves;
to become the exeCutioners of their own
rights—their own happiness, and their
own , ilory illustrated in the past. Yes:
if tiny so elect as a people, they may, in
cowardly supineness, allow themselves
to be covered with the pall of a despotism
as dark and dismal as ever shrouded any
of its victims in the old world; and
finally fill the latest of those ignoble
graves of National freedom, that lie in
dreadful warning along down the great
pathway of time!
In behalf of the Democratic State
Central Committee of Pennsylvania
C. L. WARD
Chairman.
Towanda, Pa., Dec. sth, 186-1.
DEFAMENG THE PRESIDENT.—WIE. J.
Freoburger was arrested yesterday after
noon, charged with cursing President Lin
coln.—Baltimore Sun of Saturday.
The above we print as a characteris
tic item in historical record-now being
made up in this last half of the nine
teenth century, and in " the great
modern republic," the United Stateff - of
America ! The reader will please not
commit the error—natural enough, we
admit—of supposing that the little
" local item " above occurred in the do
minions of some autocratic tyrant, or
far away back in the dark ages. The
arrest "for cursing- President Lincoln"
was made on Friday, December 2,d, 1864,
in this our own "happy land.) , " God
bless Abraham Lincoln !"—Age. •
ANOTHER COAL OIL LAMP EXPLOS
ION occurred in Baltimore on Sunday
day night, in the parlor of Mr. Eincros;,
resulting in the death of a daughter of
his, aged about five years. Four other
children who were sitting around the
table were slightly burned. If our Lan
caster dealers in Coal Oil do not take
particular care in selecting their stock,
we may have accidents of this kind to
record here this winter. Much of the
Coal Oil now being used in this city,
gives unmistakable evidence of unfit
neas for illuminating purposes.
tar The Earl of Derby is, rendering
Elonierle into English' : blank
verse. ICwill be 1404 Tem, Uo doubt.
NURSER ; 49. .. i
Tobacco and-Tobacco gmoker.
Chemistry of the Weed--tffeets otsmok.
• , inie.—Cigars, Pipes lust '2teersehsums.
_ - .
One of the most interesting andnovel!
of all the speculations on the use of to
tacco was submitted to tlie - British AS
sociation for the Advan cement of Science
at its late session, and the information.
afforded will be well received by that
large class of persons who indulge in
the use of the weed. Dr. Richardson'
first' contrived an automaton smoker,
into whose mouth - pipes, cigars and
meerschaums were placed, and the
smoke from them being caught and
collected, enabled him to determine the
products of the cornbustion. These he
determined as, 1, water ; '2, free carbon;
3, ammonia; 4, carbonic acid; 5, nico
tine 6, an empyreumatic substance of
a resinous bitter extract. He says :
"The water is in the form of vapor,
the carbon, in minute particles suspend
ed in the water vapor, and giving the
eddies of smoke their blue color •, the
ammonia is in the form of gas combined
with carbonic acid ; and the carbonic
acid is partly free and partly in com
bination with ammonia. The nicotine,
he says, being a non-volatile body, re
mains in the pipe; the empyreumatic
substance is a volatile body of an am
moniacal nature of the composition of
which the Doctor confesses himself ac
quainted, but which we have ventured
to consider as resin. Whatever it is, it
is that which gives the smoke of tobacco
its peculiar odor, and determines the
flavor of a cigar. It adheres powerfully
to woollen Materials, and when concen
trated has a mostobnoxious and intoler
able smell. The bitter substance is
resinous and of dark color, probably
having an alkaloid as its base. It is not
volatile, and only leaves the pipe or
cigar by being carried along in a fluid
form."
The varieties of tobacco are innumer
able. Simple tobacco that has not
undergone fermentation yields very
little free carbon, much ammonia, car
bonic acid, little water, a small quantity
of bitter extract. The Latakia yields
the same products uniformly, the Turk
ish generally more ammonia, Havana
all these products. Cavendish varies
considerably in its constituents; pigtail
yields all very abundantly ; the little
Swiss cigars yield enormous quantities
of ammonia, and so dry the mouth; Ma
nilas give very little. The Connecticut
tobacco is comparatively mild in ta'§te,
from the absence of the bitter extract.
The water vapor of smoke is not in
jurious, but the carbon in it settles on
the mucous membrane and irritates the
throat. The narcotic effect of tobacco
smoke, if received into the lungs, re
sides in the carbonic acid ; the ammo
nia causes dryness, a biting of the
mucous membrane of the throat, and
an increased flow of saliva—experiences
familiar to smokers. Absorbed into the
blood, says Dr. Richardson, it renders
the fluid too thin, causing an angularity
of the blood corpuscles, suppression of
the biliary secretion and yellowness of
skin, quickening and then reducing the
action of the heart. In young smokers
it produces nausea. It is doubtful
whether all these effects are to be traced
to the carbonic acid. If so, most of our
mineral waters, so freely drank, are
dreadful poisons, instead of being reme
dial agents asthey are generally esteem
ed.
The empyreumatic substance seenis
to have little effect except in giving the
peculiar taste to tobacco smoke, and af
ter a while of making the breath of
smokers unbearable. " Nicotine is
rarely ever imbibed by the cleanly
smoker," says Dr. Richardson. It af
fects only those who smoke segars by
holding them in the mouth, or dirty
pipes saturated with oily matter. When
absorbed, its effects are injurious, such
as palpitation of the heart, tremor and
unsteadiness of the muscels, and great
prostration. It will not, of itself, pro
duce vomiting , it is the bitter extract
which is the cause of this, impercepti
bly swallowed and taken into the
stomach..
HOW TO SHORE
The method of smoking makes all the
difference in the world. Those who use
the clean, long pipes of clay—as did our
old Knickerbockers—feel only the effect
of the gaseous bodies and the free car
bon. Wooden pipes and pipes with
glass stems are injurious. Segars should
never be smoked to the end ; otherwise
they are more injurious than all. Dr.
Richardson says they should be cast
aside as soon as one-half is smoked, and
always smoked from a porous or absor
bent tube. Pipes are much less hurtful
than segars. The best pipe is a long
clay pipe ; next to this, the meerschaum
is the most wholesome. Dr. Richard
son says, the perfection of a pipe will be
found in a meerschaum bowl, an amber
mouthpiece and a clay stem. All at
tempts at pipes to condense the oil have
thus far failed. Every smoker should
be careful of the manner in which he
smokes. A short foul pipe is very un
healthy.
The fashion of the meerschaum has
largely prevailed in this country of late
years. The material is now imported in
blocks, and manufactured here into va
rious forms, some very handsome aid
costly. The prices range as high tts
thirty-five dollars. The proprietor of
a good meerschaum thinks as much of
it almost as of himself. If it is well color
ed, which is the result of absorbing the
oil of the tobacco, it not only becomes
beautiful in his eyes, but the smoke is
said to be sweeter to his taste.
The cigar dealers assert that, notwith
standing the heavy tax on tobacco man
ufactures, the demand has in no way
fallen oil, but the contrary.
The Pacific Railroad—Progress of the
But few, if any, of our citizens have a
correct idea of the progress which has
been made in the construction of the
Union Pacific Railroad from this city
westward. We recently made an ex
amination of the work, in company
with Peter A. Dey, Esq., chief engineer
of the road, and we frankly confess that
,we were agreeably disappointed both as
to the quantity and quality of the work
which has been done during the pres
ent summer and fall.
The masonry is first-class at all points,
and the graduation is in keeping with
the magnitude and importance of the
road, which is estimated to become the
great highway of nations. Arched cul
verts, stone abutments and piers for the
bridges, wide embankments and cuts—
everything is in harmeny with the gen
eral character of the work, the greatest
of modern times.
From Omaha west to the Elkhorn
River—a distance of eighteen miles— i
the earthwork is heavy, and on this
portion of the line the maximum grade
is 60 feet to the mile. At the Elkhorn
River the Platte Valley commences—
and thence, for a distance of 500 miles,
the graduation of the road will be ac
complished with less expense than upon
any equal distance of railway line ever
constructed in the world. At no point,
for the distance we have named, will
there be a cut or a fill of five feet—and
what is equally important, in the man
agement and working of the road, there
will' not be a dozen curves, and the av
erage grade will be less than five feet to
the mile—the maximum not exceeding
six feet.
From Omaha to the Elkhorn River
the graduation will be performed chief
ly with picks, shovels and self-loading
carts—and on this portion of the line
the work will be continued during the
coming winter at all the heaviest.
cuts. West of Elkhorn the compa
ny are using patent excavators drawn
by eight yoke of oxen each. Three'of
these excavators average half a mile of
grade per day. Already some twelve
or fifteen miles of track have been made
ready for the ties and iron by these ma
chines which, we 'are informed, work
admirably. The heavy work on the
first eighteen 'miles -will be nearly or
quite - finished bythe first of May next;
and there is every prospect that the
iron-horso will the Loup fork 'of
the rlatti f et tolumbue, eigbdeen miles
West of this 'city, by the irst'OrNovern-,
beitiext.—Yrom the Omahas fk (121reb,)Ro.
.pubtican, Oct, 21,
•
Amino= - • • • L. •
:=%,334.44ir 5 e itiu ;54 W .
sraxt - Ammusszapra !
,
liatiand• cants fOreadt`
lion.. u; Tr 16 - ?a . i.lA
&Snarl , -:asmatotroc& Ind - other ilferi
Halt
Third column,
-• QuarterOOlWati. .
B.=zitase •lLF‘Ni i i'Egi4 welttvoim.,;.
Bnsi
7ear,. ... .
EWA. AND larTiiataßGlS-•• I .
' , Executors notices.: %mow
Administrators. notibee
';;;„4.09
Antion . ee& —9OO-
Auditors'
Other 0- Notices;" MTV - lines, 'or lean,'
three
Healtlithlncts of Woolleis.
- A lady's -toilet now tells of wohl- 1 -
-Wool of every grade,.pile of every Style,
,born the silvery Cashniere, the /uatreus
Alpaeca, and the Merino,, to thy ex
quisite soft wools of. Improved mutton
breeds. The garb of pastoral Simplicity,
once worn by 'mute emblems- '-of
gentleness and innocence, now adonis
the impersonation of beauty .:and
purity ! From hood to hose, ffpfn
bal
moral to baize, excelling these soft tex
tures in blooming beauty, and radiant
with charms that cotton cannot give,
the belle of the present day stands forth
a living example of the superior health
fulness of wool as an article of clothing.
Is this not suggestive of amore glowing
picture than that drawn by the An
nales d'Hygiene ? It says :
In England, where the children go
half-naked ; where the servants do their
work in the morning with their arms
naked up to their shoulders, and where
the women are always lightly clothed,
pulmonary consumption exists in
enormous proportion. In London one
fourth of the deaths results from
plithisis.
The same authority says that this dis
ease has only prevailed in France since
the women wore their hair "a la Titus,"
their arms naked, and bosom in a great
degree uncovered.
It would be a difficult task to describe
the present style of woollen goods, and
combinations of silk and wool, and
other mixed woollen fabrics, made for
woman's wear. It issaid by merchants
and manufacturers that twice the quan
tity of woollen goods used ten years ago
is now worn by ladies. In the summer,
gossamer webs of barge and barge de
laines are worn, and found to be cooler
and more comfortable during the heat
of summer, and under the exhaustion
of exercise, than cotton goods. •Flan
nels are multiplying rapidly—plain,
figured and striped, and increasing in
beauty and softness. Hosiery, formerly
black, is now made into a multiplicity
of styles and a variety of colors, intend
ed to please the eye, as well as to
promote the comfort of the wear
er. Balmorals, the gift of the ma
tronly Queen Victoria, show won
drous ingenuity in many hued shades of
beauty, and save the delicate texture of
dress from the contamination of the
sidewalk, without exposure of garments
of ghostly hue, stainless to be sure, but
cold and colorless. Then there are the
de baizes in great variety, mixed goods,
but cheap and serviceable ; the mousse
line de laines of American manufacture
rich enough for daughters of princes ;
lustres of silk and wool; poplins of sim
ilar material, but heavier and dearer;
Coburgs and other Merinos in rich
variety ; and cloaking cloths, light, soft
and tine, of long wools ; or else heavy
and coarse, with a soft fur-like nap of
extreme length ; or perhaps a close-tex
tured, solid, flue fabric, of the best Me
rino. These latter goods are of every
imaginable style, the prevailing ten
dency' being to soft, lustrous, long-wool
ed goods.
As civilization and education advance,
and people learn the principles of hy
giene in the school of experience, it
might be expected that such a clothing
reform would be inaugurated. Hence,
with the thick soles and high boots,
and other improvements, in place of
various barbarisms of female dress, have
come in these healthful and beautiful
frabries, intended for the clothing of
ladies ; and health and fashion have for
onee'joined hand in hand. What has
thus been oined let no Parisian milliner
recklessly and profanely put asunder!
In such an era shall-man be arrayed in
sheep's clothing, and the prophecy of
the poet of a hundred years ago will be
fulfilled :
"Then rigid winter's ice no more should wound
The only naked animal; but man
With the soft fleece shall everywhere be elotIt•
ed,"
Fourteen Ways by Which People Get
Ist. Eating too fast, and swallowing
food imperfectly masticated.
2d. Taking too much fluid during
3d. Drinking poisonous whiskey and
other intoxicating liquors.
4th. Keeping late hours at night, and
sleeping too late in the morning.
sth. Wearing the clothes so tight as
to impede circulation.
6th. Wearing thin shoes.
7th. Neglecting to take sufficient ex
ercise to keep the hands and feet warm.
Bth. Neglectingto wash the body suf
ficiently to keep the pores of the skin
open.
oth. Exchaniing the warm clothing
worn in a warm room during the day
for the light costumes and exposures iri
eident to evening parties.
10th. Starving the stomach to gratify
a vain and foolish passion for dress.
11th. Keeping up a constant excite
ment by fretting the mind with borrow
ed troubles.
12th. Employing cheap doctors, and
swallowing quack nostrums for every
imaginary ill.
13th. Taking the meals at irregular
intervals.
14th. Reading the trash and exciting
literature of the day, and going crazy
on politics.
Brevity.
It is said of the three most influential
members of the Convention that form
ed the Constitution of the United States,
that in all the debates of that body no
ono of them made a speech of more
than twenty minutes. We have good
authority for stating that Alexander
Hamilton, though reckoned among the
most diffuse orators of the day, did riot
occupy more than two hours and a half
in his argument on the trial of a cause;
and his rival Aaron Burr, notmore than
an hour and a quarter. A judge who
Was intimately acquainted with Buri
and his practice, confirmed this state
ment, adding that within his knowledge
this advocate repeatedly and successful
ly disposed of cases involving a large
amount of property in half an hour. •
Indeed, said he, " on one occasion he.
talked to the jury seven minutesin such
a manner that it took me on the bench
half an hour to straighten themotit."!
I once asked him : "Col. Burr, why
cannot the lawyers always save time
and spare the patience of the Court and
Jury by dwelling only on the most int.&
portant points in the case? To which
Burr replied :
" Sir, you demand the greatest faculty
of the human mind, selection." •
He is well known to have been one
of the most effective advocates in his
time, and in this matter, if nothing
else he deserves to he studied and im4
itated.
We refer to a single foreign example,)
an eminent English barrister ' • :
" I asked Sir James Scarlet." says.
Buxton, "what was the secret` of hit(
pre-eminent success as an advocate. • He
said that he took care to press home the
one principal pointof the case ; without
.
much regard to others. He also said
that he knew the secret of being - shint.
" I find," said he, "that when eitj
ceed half an hour, I am always - doing
mischief to my client. If i• drive' intq
the heads of the jury unimportant MO=
ter, I drive . out matterbleinore .
tent I had previously lodged therni" )
We commend this'
reason for it, not only ton,'l;tit r
qnife' as urgentlit to'lawyens
bers of Congress.