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VOL. LXY
• -
then, will be best perceived from a glance cepted by nine States, the new Govern- , fore the final act of separation, the States I party ends, and was used with great bit
at its formation. It is well known that ment went into operation the 4th of March, !of Massachusetts and Connecticut sent terness by the northern journals to inten
the idea of a Union, more or less - extun- 1789. North Carolina did not accede commissioners to Washington to present sify the hostility which that section enter
sive, of the British colonies, -was from a until the 21st of November following,l their demands to the Administration. tabled towards the measures of Mr. Jef
very early period not an unfamiliar one more than two years after that event ; and ! Among these was the high name of Harri- ferson's and Mr. Madison's administrations
with our fathers.. Such a union was form- .those States, dariig the period of their ' son Gray Otis. The simultaneous arrival This spirit of hostility to slavery confin
ed by certain of the New England colonies hesitation,were treated by the legislation of l in Washington of the news of the peace fled : to increase, and broke out with fresh
as early as 1643, the object being the the United States as foreign countries. By lof Ghent no doubt alone saved New Eng- virulence on the application of Missouri
common defense against the Indians and the seventh article of the Constitution it I land the honor of anticipating the South- for admission into the Union. It thus
the Dutch of New Amsterdain. The is declared that the ratification of the I ern States in separating from the Union. ! assumed. an unprecedented importance
Congress which. met at Albany-in 1722, Conventions of nine States " shall be oaf- It thus appears that in the heresy of se- from its connection with a contest for
and included other colonies than the New ficient for the establishment of this Con- , cession and nullification as constitutional political power.
England, contemplated a similar union, as stitntion between the States so ratifying remedies for real or imaginary grievances, Shortly after, the public mails were used
did the still more important one which the same." The tenth article also de- the North and the South „were alike par- to distribute over the South incendiary
was called at the same place in 1754, to dares that the "
.powers - not delegated to tieipants. While I have. expressed my matter calculated to stir up insurrection
consult for the protection of the colonies the United States by the Constitution, nor I own disapprobation of the consequences among the slaves. Congress was besieged
against hostilities by the French and In- prohibited by it to the States, are reserved deduced from those doctrines, it is impos- for, the abolition of slavery within the Die
diane. The projected union, however, to the States respectively or to the peo- Bible to deny that their full justification is triot of Columbia ; and John Quincy
failed through jealousies on the part of pie." found in the teachings and practice of the Adams pet sistently and defiantly present
the home Government, as well as among It thus appears, from a consideration of North. In my judgment both were wrong. ed petitions praying for the dissolution of
the colonies themselves.' The idea of the circumstances under which the Consti- Allegiance was in both instances equally the Union. States nullified by their legis
colonial union was at length fully matured tuition was produced, and from the provis- due to the General Government within the lation the acts of Congress passed in par
in 1774, in the first Continental Congress ions of the instrument itself, that our sphere of the granted powers; as to the nuance of the provision of the Constitution
which met at Philadelphia, consisting of Government is a compact between sou- States within the reserved ; and I do not 1 for the rendition of "fugitives from la
the representatives of twelve : colonies.— ereign and coequal political c o mmunities, think that in either case the grievance was
1847 'bor." Pennsylvania thus repealed, in
Its object, it will be remembered, was to the States composing it. Gouverneur Mor- sufficient to justify revolution. , an act placed upon her statute-book
consult for the " common welfare " against ris, who was the individual in the Conven- As to the right of the G-eneial Govern- in 1780. And when a territorial govern
thoppressiee measure s and nnwarranta- tion upon whom devolved.the task of re- ment to coerce a State, in such ciroum- ment for Oregon was to be profided, the
tire pretensions of the mother country.— vising the language of the instrument be- stances, the preponderance of authority proposition to extend the Missouri line of
While resistance was determined upon fore its adoption by that body,also declared may bo said to have been adverse. It is 36 degrees 30 minutes to the Pacific ocean
against the claim to tax the colonies with- " that the Constitution was a compact, not well known that a proposition to confer was rejected by Congress, and the Wilmot
out their consent, the idea of indepen- between solitary individuals, but between 1 the power of coercing a State was made p roviso, prohibiting slavery in Oregon,
deuce had not yet found acceptance in co- political societies." ,in the Constitutional Convention by Ed- adopted. California was also admitted as
lonial councils. In the spirit of attach- I have thus recurred to what are seen I mund Randolph, and was decisively reject- a State without passing through a terri
ment to Great Britain, the colonies would to be leading facts and principles in the I ed. It is also clear that it is not among torial condition, and with an anti-slavery
freely have united in conceding to her the formation of our Government. This retro- the specially granted powers, and if it be constitution. The effect was to make a
benefit of her navigation acts could she spent must convince us that it is hi,tori_ found there at all, it is among those which discrimination between the citizens of co-
I
have consented to renounce the fatal claim eally true that our Government was formed are necessary to carry the granted powers I equal States, which the Constitution did
to the right of taxation. The measures oy the States as parties, and not by mdi- , into effect. It was the opinion of Johnson not contemplate. Simultaneously there
adopted by that Congress had for their vidual citizens as members o f one c orn - I and Ellsworth, the delegates in the Con- i appeared in New England certain new
ON FREEDMEN'S AFFAIRS. object to compel her to abandon that right, munity. I hold it at the / same time true , stitutional Convention from Connecticut, ;social and political theories in relation to
and British commerce was to be renounced that this Government, which is one of I and of Mr. Madison, from Virginia, that , slavery.
February 24, 1804. That these theories were of foreign ori
till she did so. Two years later, by the limited and especially defined powers, is of:the Constitution does not attempt to coerce
The Speaker. The regu ar order of busi- mad persistence of the home Government the same obligatory autho r ity w ithi n th e ',
sovereign States in their political capaoi- gin little doubt can be entertained.
insti-
The
ness is called tor. The eel- for e - iintnittees in her unjust measures, the colonies were sphere of the granted powers as the State ; ties ; that the power which is to enforce I unexpected success of our political
for reports is in ;eller ; and under that forced into independence. governments themselves within the sphere 1 the laws is to be legal power, vested in the 1 onions, the growing greatness of our
call the House re ernes the consideration Simultaneously with that act, the Con- of the reservedpowers. I see not how l magistrates. The force to be employed is • American Republic, of our commerce, and
of the bill (H. B. No. 51,) to establish a tinental Congress proceeded to prepare this can be otherwise, since both were ere-, the energy of law, and this is to be exerted ' all our industrial pursuits, had begun to
Bureau of Freedmen's Affairs ; on which Articles of C on federation, which should ated by the same authority—that of the I only upon individuals. Hamilton, if h e I affect England with fears for the perma : -
the . gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. express the nature of the compact between individual citizens of the several States I did not expressly deny the existence of i nenoe'of her own superiority, and even for
Dawson' is entitled to the floor. the States, and define the power conferred acting through their respective State
; the poWer to coerce, certainly did not at 1 the duration of her political system. The
Mr. Darteeri• Mr. Speaker, it is now upon the Congress, as well as those re- organizations. The Government o f th e least contemplate its exercise. He ap- success of so economical a government,
about eight years since I left these Halls. served to the States. Notwithstanding United States and those of the several • Proved of the proceedings by Massaohn- land one so favorable to the rights of man,
The countie was then in the enjoyment of the greatness of the common exigency, States are therefore equally sovereign in ! setts, calling in aid the power of the Gen- I seemed to be a standing re roach Co the
p
its uninterrupted career of prosperity.— diversity of ineerests,local prejudices and their respective spheres. I. th ere f ore find eral Government to suppress the Shay in- lare expensive, exclusive and unequal
It seemed as though at ieug,h the problem jealousies prevented an immediate union no difficulty in a divided allegiance, and I surrection, but he remarked in that con- . establishments of European absolutism.—
;
ofg I overnment had been solved, and that by Congress en such articles, and not till hold that allegiance to bind the citizen in nection :- ,In addition to these motives, England had
!
human wisdom had produced a system iu March, 1781, was the ratification of equal degree to the government of the "But how ?
can this force be exerted on the States also a further one : we were her rebellious
' collectively lt is impossible. It amounts to a offrn
which, resting upon a basis of just and these articles completed by the thirteen Stadia and to that of the nation, both pro- I declaration of war between the parties. Foreign Totes
equal laws for individuals, consulted with States. g from the same source—the people powers also will not be idle spectators. They will our Republic prove a failure and
the happiest success for the rights and What is especially to be noted in the of the several States. In case of irreoon- interfere; the confusion will increase, and a dissolu- our federative system divided, so that one
tion of the Union will ensue."
interests of the political counnuniiies whole of these proceedings is the jealous enable difference between the Federal and section could be fought against the other,
It is apparent from the history of the was the aim of both her pride and power.
which composed the federation. Froai care exercised by the several colonies in State Governments, there is no necessity
State rights doctrine that in framing a It was therefore that the vigilant eyes of
small beginnings three-quarters of a eon- asserting their individual sovereignty and that the parties to the compact should,
tury before we had grown to greatness. in guarding it against encroachment.— each for itself, decide the dispute ; for in national Government there were many ' some of her political leaders soon discov-
From thirteen colonies, feeble and poor Thus, in the action of the various inde- the very instrument of compact they ap- and great diversities to be reconciled be- , eyed the opportunity afforded by our do
at best, we had become a populous and pendent political communities in appoint- pointed an arbiter, the judiciary, by whose tween the independent States. Though , [nestle differences for the introduction and
wealthy nation, a rich and powerful eel ing delegates to the Continental Congress, decisions they agreed to abide. speaking a common language, and possess- ' fomentation of strife. Abolition emissaries
pile. The great nations of the world had the "sole and exclusive regulation of if these are still not sufficient, and the ' ing the common law as a common inheri- . quickly found their way to Boston. There
lance, the colonies of the different sections their incendiary doctrines soon found a
come to look upon us with respect, with their own internal Government, police and Constitution, even under the interpretation .
admiration and envy. Sectional causes concerns " was explicitly reserved. The of its own functionaries, should be found ; were marked by radical and striking pe- congenial soil. The seed " fell upon good
culiarities. The Puritans of New England . ground and increased a hundred fold."--
of difference had indeed ruffled rather too States consented to surrender only a very in its working to bear hard upon individu
rudely the calm surface of our prosperity ; partial control over the subject of trade, al States, there was still another peaceful differed not more in character from the , Agitation of the slavery question in every
but prone to trust in that signal care of The Congress was invested by the articles remedy provided by the charter. This was Cavaliers of Virginia than the Huguenots of form and upon every occasion has since 1
Providence which has hitherto befriended with no control whatever over individuals. the amendment of the charter itself. It the Carolinas from the Quakers of Penn- that time been perseveringly maintained
us, we dismissed lightly the apprehensions Under these articles the United States is a consequence of these views that there sylvania and the Roman Catholics of in the Northern States, and especially in
Maryland from the Dutch of New York.
of evil which they fitted to Occasion us.— were enabled to close the war of the Revo- is no cause which would justify withhold- New England, in conversation, in l
We took counsel too readily of our wishes, lution, and secure our independence.— ing allegiance from the Government of the The prejudices of opinion and antipathies by the press, in the pulpit, in the halls of
and always rested in Cher conclusion that Bet as requisitions for delinquencies in United States and resisting its authority, I which the settlers brought with them from legislation, and upon the stump, all of
the Republic must be ppetual. raising revenue could only be made against which might not be of sufficient rnagni- Europe were still actively cherished in which tended only to one disastrous re
their new abode. There were also wide ! suit.
Such was the state of things at the close the States in their corporate capacities, trade and oppresive character to authorize
of my representative term in 1855. I re- there was no remedy when these were with- resistance to the State governments. In differences of interest. The interests of ' Mr. Buchanan has been blamed for lack
turn here in the midst of a revolution.— held by the States except a resort to civil other words, there is no clause resulting the northern States were chiefly commer- of energy in meeting the sudden crisis of
Countrymen of the same lineage are ar- war. This was the defect of the old Confed- from the nature of the compact, or the re- . cial, their wealth consisting in the ships the rebellion. It has been asserted that
rayed in bloody conflict. Strange and oration, as it had been of all similar estab- lotion of the parties, to do this as of con- ! engaged in the carrying trade and in the had he acted with proper promptness in
unheard of doctrines of government are lishments of ancient and modern times— stitutional right., but only that cause which fisheries. The States of the South, whose garrisoning the fortifications in the six. ex
promulgated by those in possession of au- of the Grecian republic ; the Germanic, exists in all governments, the ultimo ratio ' property was more largely in slaves, were cited Southern States the rebellion would
tharity ; and powers and measures un- Hanseatic, the Ditch, and the Helvetian. populi, the right of the people to alter and interested in planting. In forming a corn- have been avoided. But the truth is,
known to the Constitution are resorted to The immediate and pressing grievance abolish their Government when in their 1 mon Government these discordant elements there were no available troops within
with desperate eagerness at the call of the which 'monied the energies of the Con- judgment it has proved destructive of its had to be consulted and reconciled. To reach. General Scott, in his supplemental
novel exigencies which have arisen. federate Government was the numerous, end. Nullification and secession are there- any one who has carefully studied the views to the War Department on the 30th
The division of the o iuntry by violence diverse, and conflicting interests and regu- fore, in my view, alike without warrant in history of the Constitution it must be October, 1860, stated that but four bun
the,clear that if the full demands of the see
been all along foreseen by the wise , lations in regard to trade. Constitution. 1 Bred troops were within reach for that
among 118 as the consequence of causes In order to secure the fruits of the The South has been consistent since I tions had been insisted on in the Conven- ' purpose. It is evident that it was his
which might have been avoided. As it is, Revolution it was necessary that the corn- 1798 in adhering to the doctrine of State I tion that body would have terminated } great aim to avoid a collision, to avert
the future inquirer into the history of the ; merce of the country should be freed from rights. When the Constitution first went I without results. But the occasicn was , civil war and save the Union, affirming the
events transpiring around us will be struck the disadvantages under which it was into m eration the doctrine that the Con- one oalling loudly for compromise, and the • clear authority of the Government to en
with amazement at the folly and madness placed by the discriminations imposed stitution was a compact between political - wise heads and patriotic hearts of the men I force the Federal laws within a State i
. which could thus permit to perish, if per- upon it by foreign Governments by the societies or sovereignties received the con- of the Revolution were there to meet it in but finding none to beat back a seceding
the proper spirit.
ish it shall, a Government so admirable navigation laws which their own interests sent of many of the greatest and best! ; State into the Union. In the nullification
after an existence but little extended be- and cupidity had induced those GoVern- minds of the North. It was asserted as New England demanded protection for troubles in 1832 General Jackson did not
yond that prescribed by the Psalmist as ruenta to adopt. It was not less necessary - distinctly and emphatically by Morris, by her navigation, while the South required . attempt to exert the coercive power until,
the maximum of individual life, the fact , that the public faith should be preserved ; Sherman, Johnson, and Oliver Ellsworth, protection for her slave property. These ;on application to Congress, the force bill
of our extraordinary greatness, as corn- . that the debts contracted during the afterwards Chief Justice of the United ; demands were reconciled by the South ! was passed. Did not Mr. Buchanan ask
pared with the brief duration of our insti- Revolution should be liquidated, and the States, of the North, as it was by surrendering to the common Government Congress for a similar bill, "or to author
tutions, furnishes the most conclusive at- treaty stipulations. into whichwe had Madison and Jefferson. Nor did the 800-' the right to tax the ships of foreign States ; ize the employment of military force," and
testations of their unparalleled excellence. entered with European Governments strict- trine rest merely on constitutional history and to impose duties upon imports—in did not Congress fail to grant it ? Agree
other words, the control of the whole
Yet this has not sufficed, when once the ly complied with. It was also necessary and fact er abstract theory with the North. ; ing with General Jackson in his views as
demon of sectionalism has been evoked, to ~ to provide for .the common defence." Repeatedly before this was done by any subject of trade—New England conceding ' expressed in his farewell address, tin the
save this noble fabric of civilization from ' These were the great'and pressing induce- part of the South was the theory of State in return to the South the right of import- utter inefficiency of mere force to preserve
the ruin, it may be, which has been the , meats to the formation of a new compact rights resorted to by New England ing slaves for twenty years, the right to ' the Union, he urged, in his annual riles
have three-fifths of her slaves reckoned in
common' fate of nations. The wisdom lof Unien. In it a remedy was sought also as a justification for beeaking up the sage to Congress on the 3d December,
and foresight of the fatheis have been , for the weakneis and .ineffroieuey of' the Union. The first of these was during the the basis for representation, and the right, 1860, and again in his spedial message of
to the surrender of her fugitive slaves.
shamed . ; and together with the memory ,Confederation by conferring upon the cen- administration of Washington, when the I January 8, 1861, the adoption of amend
of their noble struggles, sacrifices and . teal Government' still largerand betterN Englandrepresentativesdeclared
ew This, as characterized by Gouverneur Mor- ments to the Constitution of the same
sufferings in the cause of independence' defined powere ; and, by distributing them that those States would secede unless the ris, was the "bargain " between the see- character as those subsequently proposed
and freedom, their counsels a nd warnings through well-balanced legislative, judicial, debts of the States should be assumed by el tions, and by it slavery became a .part of by Mr. Crittenden. '
have been cast to oblivion. In vain the ' and executive departments, to bring down the General Government. The second was our national Government. Had, e "Fiat justitia, rust cesium."
common ties of language,, manners, litera- ' those powers to operate upon individuals. upon the occasion of the embargoembargoCongressomittedto in passe dDe cem be r 2 3,
-
mu ars, the
greater
and glory, have raised -their supplicating extent and more precise_ definition of the tory measure to meet the Berlin and Mila ni States would never have become parties to in
also to pass the Crittenden resolutions,
voice for the continuance of the Union. powers conveyed ;in surrendering t h e decrees of sapoleon ^ d the B ritis h orders the Government. • having : the same effect. These resolutions ,
Nearly three years of civil wit have ' control of the severalby several
.States the sub-. in council. The embargo being, in the Such, then, was the government left us it was stated Souther n Sena
now discharged their relentless fury upon 1 ject of commercial regulations ; and in view of the Eastern States, designed as a! by our fathers ; and whatever fault we tors, one of whom was Jefferson Davis, n
our unhappy country;,, and we are yet ap- i the distribietion of
,the th h blow at their commerce for the benefit of , may find with the conditions which it in- ' S e natecomm it tee of th ir teen, '
powers roug a , the
parently as remote trom any -satisfactory well-organized system, so as to act u p on , other sections of the country, open re- I volves, good faith required that we should have been accepted by the South as a be
adjustment of our differences as when we i individuals within the sphere of those 1 sistance was threatened in case the em
., strictly adhere to them. I believe the cis of final settlement. (See Congression
first flew to arms. These unlucky years peens,, co nsist s. ,the
,great .'.and; en d ins a er i s t I barge was enforced. The violence of this history of our Government will bear me la/ Globe, second session, Thirty-sixth
Con
have
, pages ve seen many of the peaceful pursuits difference - of the Constitution; of 1789 I outcry secured the repeal of the embargo out in the assertion that whatever troubles press,volume 44, part 2 1390,
of the country broken up, its vast re- I from the Articles Of Cenfederhtion. It was in 1809. A similar disposition was mani- we have at any time experienced have 1391. ) Had Mr. Li •
ncoln, after his ar
sources wasted in unfruitful conflict, and these changes which converted the Gov- , fested in New England again on the pur- , been in consequence of the exercise of the rival in Washington, but said the word
tlft members of almost ev e ry household ernment of the United States from a I chase of Louisiana. The proposition of a I doubtful powers and of a departure from ,cc p eace," those resolutionswould have'
arrayed in the habiliments of grief. And • ' but lif 1 . d•f6 - • •which hasadded - led ' the• . ofthe - Imightin-'
1 specious.. eOs ian ine ment organi-. measure so incalon.ae.y ' spirit compact.
still the contest rages. This ill-judged 1 eationAo.one Of vital and ener • t thegreatnessand prosperity 1 that departure ' theof.theCarolina
getio_power • 0
/ in ease
rebellion sti.l interposes i ts huge and i for-great and' beneficial ends. It:Was and 1 country was met with similar threats of 1 establishment of the national bank and crisis it was apparent that the danger of •
fearful proportions between the present' is still feet less. oi . Federal Got:emu : tent:
dissolving the Union. I the assumption of the State debts. It was I
, dissolution and civil war was both rea l
and the return of prospelity to our court- ; Neither in the circumstances which 'at- 1 But a fourth time and with still loader ; a further step in the same direotion'wheri ' • -
, and imminent. Mr. Lincoln was unequal
try. The all-important and practical tended itsformation - d'd' • ' •• ' and more unsatisfiedclamordid E ' bythet ifof 1816 and 1824 and 1828, 1
an a option,.nor no / i New ng- ar a to the occasion. The peace conference ad-'
question t which , we have to determine is, the' inetrireeentitaUlf;enor yet , in the -expo- i land threaten rebellion to the Government, duties upon i m p or t s were l ev i e d, not for ' journed without important action. C
W is 2 the i policy which the exigency de- sitions of its founders,- - is-there -there' apparentl and throw herself upon the doctrine of ' the clearly constitutional purpose of an ; gross adjourned, leaving everything ° n u n - -
monde . n order to a wise consultation any intention, to Subitapte a monaolidated / State sovereignty as authorizing a dissoln-1 economical administration of the Govern- ' settled and the wholecountry
shaken by
upon this subject it is necessary to look to tier' ofe mon. is was during the ; tent,bu tf orthe avowedo b ject ofproteo-
Government in lien of I • the U • Th' d • ' I
that of the compactthe most violent agitation. The collision
the past as well as the-future. What is of the:; -.
States. I Administration of Mr. Madison, and from j tion to home manufactutes. Happy, •in the harbor of Charleston was the fatal
this GoVernment whose • : '
, existence is now The Convention of 1787, which framed-I. dissatisfaction with,its measures, Meted . l th •
f
o rice happy for the people of these
consequence.
in such fearfulandfor'
. / _ peril, the mamte- I the Constitutio • • " compos e d' • I whichthe d 1 f in lB.l.
, n,
,-,was .of deie- i was eo araton o war 2. lState s would it have been-had the sectional The reader of English historyneed but
'lawn of which the countryis
yielding so gates fito'n the sive'raGgitides and • tarit fro m Slavery ' then as now was held upto odium feeling of thecountry limited itself to suchrememberthe feebleeloquence Chat-
lavishly
of Chat
lavishi yof its blood and its treasure 1 I• the•periple at large: P '''. ' I that las " the.rottenpart of theconstitution"l triumphs
as
itmight
hope
to
achieve' '
Pro iii , . .
am convinced that it is from loose and in- Conveettioti Were voted upon the de's- ; which must be amputated. It mattered ' through the exercise of the implied ewers
j Constitution.P with the American colonies after it had
,
correct ideas of the nature of our Govern- I t' I- 'not l ' - • d j • • -- by
' ithasin-morel
• . , gape, as ividuele, but, :by States- not then as not recent times, under the ' been commenced. The same authority I
ment, from allowing the heats of party It was not..u:majority , of the delegates , •b t
u Lthat itwais a part of the Constitution This B itmanifested itself
at
is-•. • hty
strife to withdraw Or attention from its a Majetity:Ofethei : 4 Stit e e r e by ' which. . 11 . op ositiomtook an organizedorganizedform I s atisfaction o . n e the f part of the North 'with avert the war with France, which endedi
true character, and to confuse our sense proposition av ae-.rejeoted o i i: bee' aree.: .°4°. t,: - pre P osion in the Hartford i t h ermprouns s o Th the Constitution in re- , only-with the battle of 'Waterloo and the
of the duties. which we owe it that have l of the`eaciiiiitiinfionl, 7 - -- Asethe ; a
people if l r d 'December 15, 181.4, in which Massaohn-ere had indeed existed / exiltelif Napoleon. Peace is the policy of I
flowed the evils from which the-country is not appointingaot, l 4:a'll,l4 . liii - a Cony' la - ' setts was represented by twelve delegates,l go ld to
slavery.
'
1 a most contemporaneously with the adop- all governments, ,the indispensable . policy .1
suffering.. Upon a subject of such .tran- :tion:re: faini;a:7,l' *stitution ; - Ili: - neither - did -Core:teetient b seven,Rhode Islind f
ix _
~
;,,
but_ the
. ;
._ .
.. e _ ,
.9_...
_. . our, / tion of thit charter a small party of aboli-' of a, republic. whose great basis is popular
soendent importance as this silence in :a th' -• ' '
She
,ut . , rack ing -it -; bet nee ratification , New tiampslure by three, and Vermont by [ tioniats, consisting •
chiefly of the Quakers affectione With us I believe it could have
re . presentativeof the people,, hesitation or , h.' ' "ti " ''''''
.., ,, ,- ...was y.. (MVP Knee asp:nate ' y:t, • ;onepeo,-. A
dI -- 6 . " . - - dissolution ; "f the ll and
o mon for- ,of New England and Penns Ivania • been preserved' without sacrifice. 1
ooncealnient woul '
••, e....•P .- t lousy inaggleq'', 1 ) . ,e-,,ple.ti:theaoveral . Statee. , -: , Thfslatificatiou :motion :Of :ti, ' nevi tiorifederidy ,woe tlie These • d • Washington'sY- .
parties, during id- . 1. In the President's nro.olamation which
alikA Criminal: Is All speak, therefore,. ,war i e l ttFinitticArAfforittairitee" ItrLiiii4 ' - ',.rentedY to "Which .. the convention looked ministration, had memorialized Congress followed he called for seventy five thou -I
under .thoW deep eicuyietions of, , drat
J: tha, - -econatiirttioniwas 7 ailopted44l temia4nless their . terms should ' be 'corn li d
. P e for the abolition of the 'slave. trade prior sand volunteers' ' 6, to defend the - caiiital;'
Welt' WO timginqiire, and with ' that - tin: ' 17J illePtllils iii46ol , r.
P lhinfiVvithand -
i . ulterior measares-tor-an-aotual to the 6=ft:red in, the-Gonstitution, and to recapture , the forta,"' and enforce :the
reeerieit fret attar KW"' j- irlie"` ' ' VA-1w t i e .- t."'g •-- ••••*- -a ,
_ nen wzo are - as t at b n i n th' tate was ' e e ' ratittti . oPthe States' here to' be te - -
ne essanyiet ,P,a,„.,„ lath,,, of „, ,
~,,, , —*Am . for. tho , abolition , -of- olaV!lity °within- the:= lawit;" ' The`volunteers :ifins'cilled fOr'
tile blithiVit'dflizi b kiiittifoan'' citi z en" '' - . • -
,- to itZhierei,a W4=zii* lo' bfa — ittkid br a 8111 WCOint abiivo‘tlMiet 6l frealii - Itat , e - ' filly V 'Wag '• - - Atol l With' el tWit4 . int' h a 'rOin - iitieriseuid aisle
-.l h irT ru emidi rti a e : 4, z A-wi ll :- G • ..-, ,- - - t L . 01 goo ii , — , . cc ~ 3 z , 5..1 '''' . ll , ll.ll , 4 , :W.: '3.: '. l l,'' :3 • ..r ti '.. . 8 " ..'
13r -5 1. t I '7 - ' ;o u t., ° ---, - ..., - ..l , -,, , ~-1., .1 ~ ,-7
r•or o ovemmet
~ AD, • jpgriggiAirwitgailif rOHOWIng. Lik.allthip t h 111 . 4129
'....; 411/iiiiiii;4l6i ' kialigtliiip L bP ' littihmOor - lity Nail - Oh - did . 'Ore "i 'to 'their' roux qf
TIE 'LANCASTER IN FELLIGENCER
UMH B ID Y MT
OSA T NDE N S OAIO R&
SOS.
Two!Dollars per annual, if paid in advance. $2.50, if not
paid before the expiration of the year. All anhscriptionif
are, home ver. expected to be paid ifa advance.
ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT.
•
- -
BUSINESS ADVIR,LBIMRSTS, by the year, or fractions of a
year, Wee§ly o ft , to be charged at the rate of
$l2OO per square en lines. 10 per cent. increase on
the yearly rate for fractious of a year.
BEAL 110..116, PERSONAL PROPERTY ant GENERAL ADVERTIR
ING to be charged at the rate of Seven cents per line for
thellist insertion, and Four cents per line for every
subsequent insertion.
PATENT ISEDLOINZS. BITTERS, AND ALL ()vitae ADVERTISE
HEM, by the column, half, third, or quarter column,
to be charged as follows
One column, yearly, $lOO.OO
Onehalf co lumn, yearly, 60 00
One third column, yearly, 40 00
One quarter column, yearly, ao 00
BUSINESS CARDs, yearly, not exceeding ten lines, $10.00.
Eldsiness Cards, 6 lines or less, $5 00.
Lariat NOTICES to be charged as follows
Executors' Notices
Administrators' Notices,
Assign.a' Notices
Auditors' Notices
All Notices not exceeding ten lines, or less,
for three ,insertions 1.50
SPECIAL NOTICES, inserted in Loyal Department, to be
chargedfifteen cents per Iltrb.
BISHOPS —All ailverti,mentB piseeding the )I.trri.t4es
or
Markets to be charged at the rate of ten cents per lint
for the first insertion, andflve cents per line le: every
subsequent inaortiou.
MAIIRIAGEn to be CharttiA 45 n . ute ee'•h in the pap, first
publishing the same.
OBITUARY NOTICES to be chargt.d at advertising rates.
TRIBUTES OE ResESCr, RESOLUTIONS, he, to hi charged 10
cents per line.
COMMUNICATIONS setting forth the claims of ludlvidualJ for
office, &c., to he charged 10 crate per line.
December 18th, 18413, the above Schedule of Prices was
unanimously adopted by the undersigned, Publishers in
he City of Lancaster, Pa
JNO. A. 111 EST AN D & CO., ETanz iner rf Herald.
PEARBOL & GEIST, Deily if Neel ty Eopr.sx
JOHN BAER'S SONS, 1 7 611.3frtund
GEO. SANDI:BB.)N & bON. hthiligencer.
6. A. WYLIE, Defy @ Weekly .reptirer.
W5l. It WILEY, Job Print,.
E. 11. THOMAS, Church Adv.:ate
SPEECII 0F
HON. JOHN L. DAWSON,
OF PENNS'iI.VA:',IA,
IZMMMM
'THAT COUNTRY IS TUX MOST PROSRSBOUS Mag. LAWS OOKMANDB TAB eRIATNAT ZIWARD:- -BIJOILLINAd
LANCASTER CITY, PA., TUESDAY MORNING, APRIL 5, 1864.
EIZIEM
's'.,, sly :•:?k
.::;.';:s•e.,:t 7,1'1
country,- an a indi cate d : t eir at
tae ent
to that: Constitutional
Government , ;left
them by their fathers, 'and their resolu-;
tions to repel at all hazards the sacrile
gious attempts thus, made upon its exist
-
ence. The, people were . ftrethet - as
sured of the , conservative ..purposes 'and.
character of the war , now :propwied by the
instructions issued by the State -Depart
ment to our representatives at European
courts, as well as in 'the polioy announced
in the President's 'inaugural . address of
the 4th March, 1861 'and - in 'his message
to the special Congress whioh..met iJi .T.nly .
following. Mr. Seward declared in these
instructions
"Moral and physical clauses have determined in
flexibly the Character of each one of the Territories
over which the dispute has arisen,
and both parties,
after the election, hannonionslyagr,ed on all the
Pederal laws required for their organization. The
Territories will remain in all respects the - Same,.
whether the revolution shall succeed or shall fall.—
There is not even a pretext for the °l:lmpish& that
the disaffected States are to be conquered by the
United States if the revolution fail; for the rights
of the States and the condition of every human be
ing in them will remain subject to exactly the same
laws and forms of administration,lwhether the revo
lution shall succeed or fall. In the one'ease, the
States would be federally connected with the new
confederacy ; in the other, they would, as now, be
members of the I:lnit.:ld - States , but their constitu
tions and laws, customs, habits and institutions in
either case will remain the same.
" It is not necessary to add to this incontestible
statement the further fact that the new. President,
as well as the citizens through whose Suffrages he
has come into the Administration has always re
pudiated all designs whatever, •and whenever im
puted to him and them of disturbing the institution
of slavery as it exists under the Constitution and
laws. The case now would. be fully presented if
were to omit to say that any such effort ou his part
would be unconstitutional, and all his actions In
that direction would be prevented by the prope
authority, even though they were assented' to by
Congress and the people."
Here is the language of . the President
on the 4th of March, 1861:
" Apprehension seems to exist among the people
of the Southern States that by the accession of a
Republican Administration their property and their
peace and personal security are to be endangered.—
There has never been any reasonable cause for such
apprehension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to
Ufa °cinerary has all the while existed andbeen open
to their inspection. It is found in nearly all the
published speeches of him who now addresses you.
I do but quote from one of these speeches when I
declare that I have no purpose, .dic ectly or indi•
reotly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in
the States where it now exists. 1 believe I have no
lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to
do so.' "
In the President's Message to the special
Congress which met in July, 1861, Mr. Lin
coln declares that " after the rebellion shall
have been suppressed, the Executive deems it
proper to say, it will be his purpose, then, as
ever, to be guided by the Constitution and
laws," and that it may be expected he will
adhere to the positions taken in the inaugural
address. He adds
" He desires to preserve the Governthent that it
may be administered for all as it was administered
by the men who made it. Loyal citizens every
where have the right to claim this of their Govern
ment; and the Government has no right to with
hold or neglect it. It is not perceived that, in giv
ing it, there is any coercion, any conquest, or any
subjugation in any just sense of those terms."
Well, Mr. Speaker, how long were..the Ad
ministration true to these theirsoleniA, pub
lic, and reiterated pledges? Why, sir, just
until, on the faith of these solemn assurances
a million men were induced to abandon the
pursuits of peace, and rush into the armies of
their country to fight in the sacred cause of
Constitutional Government. Then, when the
physical arm of the Government was deemed
sufficiently strong for the overthrow of the
South, the mask •is out off, a new purpose and
object for the war is boldly avowed and pro
claimed. The hideous form and repulsive
features of Abolitionism were at first die
guised in the deceptive and alluring garb of
patriotism. It was no longer to be a war for
the preservation of the Union under the Con
stitution, but in reality for its destruction,
and in the forum of conscience as well as in
that of the supreme law plac.:s the radicals in
he attitude of rebellion and revolution
Of the Abolitionists as a party, nearly a
quarter of a century ago the true character
was happily touched off by the pencil o
Henry Clay. He says
" With them the rights of property are nothing,
the deficiency of the powers of the General Govern
ment is nothing, the acknowledged and incontesta
ble powers of the States are nothing. Civil war, a
dissolution of the Union and the overthrow of
a Government in which are concentrated the proud
est hopes of the civilised world, are nothing. A.
single idea has taken possession of their minds, and
onward they pursue it, overlooking all barriers,
reckless and regardless of all consequences."
This party was then small and insignifi'
cant, but its numbers have increased until we
now behold it numerous and influential
enough to control the administration of the
Government. Their influence was first felt
in interfering with the conduct of the war
and in ostracising and excluding from com•
mand Generals who had manifested a respect
for the Constitution and who had shown skill
in the bold. They were not satisfied with
passing a bill offering protection and freedom.
to the slaves of rebel masters who should.,
come within our lines, not , satisfied with di•
resting the physical power of the country to
the suppression of armed resistance to the
authority of the Government, but they pro- 1
ceeded to carry the war directly against the
property, the homes, and firesides of peaceful
non combatant residents of the seceded States.
This was in violation, not only of the Federal
Constitution, but of every principle of public
law. While the effect of this policy has been
to unite the South, the proclamations of the
22d and 24th of September, 1862, and of the
let of January, 1863, have signally failed td
disturb the relation of the slave beyond the
hostile presence of our armies. The Presi
dent, it is true, made a timid and weak resis
tance to the adoption of this - policy, but the
abolition pressure was imperative,. ar,d at
length successful.
. A measure involving such an utter disre—
gard of party pledges, such a violent casting
aside of constitutional obligations, such di
ametrical opposition to the recognized princi
ples and to the usages_of war, and such a
thorough adaptation to widen instead of heal
ing the breach occasioned by secession, could
not be expected to be received with unques
tioning acquiescence on the part of the law
abiding, Constitution-loving massed of the
N)rth. Hence vast stretches of authority are
usurped, the indefinite power of arrests is as
sumed, and the time-honored writ of habeas
corpus is suspended.
Thus, upon the alleged ground of the in
sufficiency of the ordinary processes of law
td restrain disloyal practices, the military
power is raised into a superiority to theliivil,
and martial law is extended over the whole
country. Persona not militaryare made liable
to arrest without legal mows, in a summary
manner, upon the indefuiite charge of " dis
loyal praotices.". When so arrested they ,are
also denied ~thet! privilege of that hereditary .
and _gotistitut t ipual shield of the liberty of the,'
citizen,.tae „Frit of habeas crnaut- ; Has it,
then, come tp tins, that,in a Government of
the people the people are less worthy to be
trueteethan,thOr rulers ? In a nation the,
freest and most enlightened upowearth is the '
citizen to be told by the .potty agents of his
own creation that his liberty is riott safe in his
keeping, and that they, thrchigi, an assumed
superior intelligenee, must takeit in epeeist
charge.
- - - - -
Sir s , what man worthy a. the name of free.
man will be reconciled to the loss of his price
less birthright of liberty, regulated by law,
by any Audi tyrant's plea as that? I believe
I do not misapprehend the character of my
countrymen, and that they will not and ought
not thus to submit to be spoiled of ,their dear.
est right by any usurping hand. What. 7. are
the peopleto'be 'decided with the'idea that
their liberties are Jo he prtserved or that the
Gover_unkent to_howed.. ist the sot. c 4 ttiekr
AcatnlilOcP Are, those . 4f41304, is
hthe Anglo Saxon *ight-.r}th;
li . ii,•lii.l)'i - ti . 3t ati.,'f-;
I`,`
- -ti NO. 13.
r
from his native foAtiiiiimetritso, and which
he has never allies-t, to be
trampled in the dastron-icay-iittaVithna) and
speolons pretext as this? And:have. the sad
days of the Roman' time
_under; the. forms.. of
the republic -come upon us so soon? 'Are
we to be the sport-oflmperialrule ?
Sir, oar iristitutions of gcivernment„Afe,
'created and defined by law, and Mihelijkid•
observance of the law we must hold their. ad-
ministrators. This is car_onlynafety-'ne the. -
history of free Stateshas always faught,:be.
cause it showa,thaf power is ever. stealing
from the man to ttinferii." It la - thekit.riow
thing in kishiry' that the oidlries,4rOi.
00158813 of law ire not found imifloierit_to secure
the Government - in the , exercise its-heti
mate and proper authority. ,
It is not only a new thing among Ourselves,
but it is unprecedented in the history of that
people from which chiefly we derive our
origin, and , from wn, have inherited
largely mar lawe and free instAtritione. Never
'in the history of Sriglend., even in., the
,inmtt
turlaritentl times nf revolati*,4* . it'be 4 fßaant
ceded to the monorail - to, arrest persons not
military without warrant issued Japan legal
charges preferred under path. This th.a,com
inon law prodeediriedatiniliiiiiiiiiitifor itAgng
land that, it cannot be deterraitied,whea it li9d
goo.. It is,lieivever, guaranteed,by,,4litgria,„ .
Charta. Charles I did, indisid, try the ;ex
periment of aibi'frarY arrestel apart
indefinite. charges; like. thud& :of -I`.diskiyai
pratvicee," not Airriferred neon nettiv hatnPen ,,.
the mere arbitrary motion of himeelf,
bars of the f'rivy , Counail. ' ' -
The subversion of the &institution '
stitutiori of the will: of thomonarah wig also' , •
attempted to be affected hY .the .13 9aita'aE-Efigli
commission and Star:Chamber,„whipti:-.F97 1;
serubled.the " courts-Martiaror, militeryntim l
lesion " of Mr.: •Liric6ltilil'-yircielkidetlina,
not being governed •by the:comb:lan law-nr
immemorial customs Porliannqt_ii ,
but admitting for raw the proclomationa, s eg
the rdeehtive and' grounding, 'their judgment'
upon , theni: The Englith nation; however')
repelled the attempt with italiguation ;
by the celebrated Petition of-Right arbitrary
imprisopmente , and . the.: exeroise.,pf inertial •+
low were abolished, rind Ohtioauiifi (fddrli
suppressed.
I_O(ONCIAIDAR IfEXT WEE,FC.I,
trri.fi . CASTEPL tivrE,LticikrtbEß
JOB PRINTING ..ESZABLigaMpIA , , ;
No. 9 NORTH DURA STREET,,LANDASTER, PA.
The robbing Departinent/la thorenghßrfernished with
.new and. elegant type „of every deacrintlon, &wile andel'
'the charge of 'a nractidaVeriCeltperlimeed JOb•Printer:—''
The Proptietore.are prepartil.to.
PRINT' CHECKS, ' - •
NOTES,SEGAL'AILexze,
- CARDS AND IRROULARS,
BILL HEADS AND HANDBILLS,
PAPER BOOKS ArimrAlarumVll,
TICISETS AND . INVITATION B j
i
PRINTING AND•PLAIN PRINTING,
with• neatness,Axgraey andllienatchoen the reestreasonni‘
ble terms, and in a manner not excelled by.any,establish.
meat taltik& city,
Sir Orders from a distance, by mail or otherwiael
premptly - strended to. dress
GEO. Ad SANDERSON & SON,
Intelligencer Office,
No. 8 North Doke street, Lancaster, •Pa.
TiinEkE lIUNDB.E I3 Is vALIas,,
bare been cured since Noveruber,lB62 by the • varb
one Mgditi,CMlol:lll.o IneetriCitY z ap plied at the,Eluntrinkli
Institute on Orange street, between Duke and Lime streets,
Lancaster, Pa. . • - :
NOT ONE CERTIFICATE -
hoe been-published since the Electrical firetitete hasbeen
established in,Lanpaetex,,but this system of , practice, has
been left to sink or swim upon -
ITB OWN MSRITB,.
some of the moat respectable and etibstantlal citizens of
Lancaster county, have been treated and cured,: or can lie
seen by reterence to themselves, or the books of the
institute.
•
DISEASE,I3,,.. •
,
of every kind have teen 'treated - succesafully, • and In a
number of instances, after all other systems and medicines
had failed, and the individcA3-had 'boom pronounced in
curable and .
GIVEN UP TO DIE
Pnlmonari Coneumption,Liver Diseases; Dithistle,'Pllia;
Dyspepsia, Catarrh, Paralysis, Efemiplegla ;
Liemeopia, • Aphonla, • Laryngitis, 'lkachellinhuvi and' kll
diseases of the- throat and vocal .organs,. Broncicitis, ,
Netiraight; SciatlC, Spinal weakness,
when arising from funstionel disturbance of the Organise:li;
Chorea or St.l7itus Dance, complaints incident to Females,
and especially
PROLAPEUS UTERI
. .
or falling down of the Uterus, can be permanently Mind,
and all nervous affections yield to the ;action of the Gab,
yank and Electric currents, when properly; applied.'
One would boaed to suppose, from .thovadir4l: demon
stration given of the wonderful healing properties of Gal
cantata the above dioramas, that its efficacy 'as .IV.Thbreil..:-:t
peutic.wpold, be doubted by no one, and yet wyrocassloW,,
ly . come across an individual who-will notbelleviit filmy& '• • ;
because the hl dice& Faculty . , as a general.thing, nava n0t,..,;
taken hold of it; to them we would saY that'eleri Li hard;
ly a firajallynitee Retrospect published: hat *ha; refara •
the healing properties of Electricity, and thet if. the
faculty nmieistoodmonsabout It they would Piefer• - itr.fri i •
all other re . medles, also, that some of the boat Phy-;
sicians in the-Ili:11Mo Mafia' hate adopted "it, "-Efereliftt3ri
however, in order. tO gratify '
,all, there be t4;•Illi/- .;;
tote an eiciiaint:PhYsician of
FORTY YEARS ACTUAL -PRACTICE,
and we cordially-invite the diseased of all clessea to call
and examine into the merits of this system, as consulta
tion and advice, together with pamphlets, will be given
Prat of Charge. •
GEOlbilil W. FREED, Medical Electrician,
Orange street, between Duke and Lime Nitrating, .
oct 27 tf 421 Lancatiter, "Pa.
SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY AND OUR
PEOPLE AT ROME
Are now offered an opportunity by which they me obtain a
GOOD AND DURABLB
AT A
VERY LOW FIGURE.
011 H WATCHES ALL
WARRANTED TO KEEP TIME ONE YEAR,
AND MI BUY= ZN ALLOPFXDIMI
PRIVILEGE OF EXAMINATION BEFORE THE
PAYMENT IS REQUIRED.
IMPROVED DUPLEX IN FULL RUBY ACTIONS.
A first class Hunting Time-Piece of diver material; over
which is electro fine plated 18 k. gold, moat durably
wrought, making the imitation so faultless that it cannot
be detected from the solid material by the most experl•
enced judges; acids will not effect it. London made move.
mutt. Improved Duplex in full ruby action, has, sweep ,
seconds, and is not to be excelled In general appearance.
This is decidedly one of the beat articles ever offered' for .
traders and speculators. Engineers, emigrants, and ;unions
traveling, will find them superior to any other; altetatidn
of climate will not affect their accuracy., Price, posited iq
good shape and good running order, only $35; or cue of 6
tor $2OO.
SILVER DOUBLE TIME HUNTING LEVERS, i .
Beat quality silver cased, over which °tutu:4We plated
18 k. gold, similar to our Improved Duplex ' end superior
adjusted movement with " Stop," to be u sed in timing
horses, etc.; has Four Indexes for Washington and Green....
with time, sweep second, and all the improvement& All`
in all, taking tie beautiful and faultless appearance and". .
its superior movement into Consideration, we regard it as
decidedly the cheapest article of the kind In the' market , : -
Price, in good running order, $35, or cue of 6 for po.
&Ry- We ask no pay in advance, but will forward either
of them to responsible parties, to any part of the 'loyal,-
.Statea, with bill payable to expressman when the goods
are delivered, giving the buyer the privllege. of exempt* . -
lion, and, if not satisfactory, the watch can be returned at
The express companies refuse making collections Csisol,
diers and other parties in the disloyal States, contexittently
all such orders must-he accompanied by the cash to insure
attention. We make a deduction of two dollers on either "-
watch when the payment is forwarded in advance.
Money may be sent by express at our 'espouse.
THOS. OAFFERTY & CO.,
93 and 95 Broad street, oppoldte
nov 10 Bm 441 Providence R
"TERSE IS NO SIICII WORD AB PAIL'
II A IL EL A N 8
OOKPOOND BriaLvi OP
fIUBEDS AND'COPAIBA
This preparation is particularly reconnnended to the- - • '
MEDICAL PROFESSION and the PUBIJCI, as COMM O UL
In the moat convenient and efficacious form, the wiTh --
established virtues en 4 properties of COO. a n aM ll4l6 .
Ifor the speedy and effect relief and cure of AL
DJ aft 'R, it may Justly be eonsidered anent languished
and most valuable discoveries in the awed" of.reedlcine, ,
frequently effecting a cure in three or four • dayst—ln its
preparation as an extract or a paste, the racial nansepp
taste is avoided, and it is, Colllloquatitly, never founts
interfere with the digestion, while, from , Be greeter: onti y it
oentration, the dose is much reduced. ' It may be relied an ,
sa thehest nude for the administration of these niteedliis
in the large clam of diseases of Dora sexes to withal they , .. ,,
are aPplicable.
N. B.—Purchasers see advised to ask for - • -•
_Teasemrs COMPOUND =ram. OF
and to take nothing elsesie imitations and . gorthlisee
preparations, under similar names, ire. hikthe ,
Pamphlet' accompany the medicines JellteittiegAßlAAti
ample directions. Price, $l.OO. 'Bent ' by a:pm:gaze teestbt d
of price. ...—
Prepared
and sold wholesale = retail, by rt. ,
ffi 'A a 11 kli:ll`,li:+3,o ice
No. as " Wnnali , •
NS OILF)
, 14(1791154 5 -ta .t;
T WV, 01 4 '
LIFE ON suLIFNON LAousuari9faastriiiiiliimo.,,:ja„
• Find Archbishop of-New-York...with a fall amount of
his life. death !aid burial; .46 ISO. 'a 0 1,,, son "a
pureulta from' his thililuirf
with hikY.laral‘Aorairl6l l 96llr.
fa New - York.liinulu7 • 24 thon.
3*kBuncinutniEsieddia,„t2 .(b7 V.rulsiss
ArciahlehopH wqrsik l in ar te taliWor. A ,
...
A lan 26 tf '':‘,,,3•16.1 ~9" itterv3
1:sr?.
x.r.; -- 1 , tt.v. /14:
241 ,•;.v...c.:77.,