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VOL LXIV
HE LANCASTER INTELLIGENCER
ALMS 3 MIRY TOISDAS, AS O. 8 NOSES DOES 13113.135,
BY GEO. SANDERSON.
ElirE
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0 PRIM • 1110—.-Stleh /LS Hand Bills, Posters, Pamphlets,
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the ehortest notice.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Fellow-citizen■ of the Senate and House of
Representatives:
Another year of health and of sufficiently
abundant harvests has passed. For these,
and especially for the improved condition of
our national affairs, our renewed and pro
found gratitude to God is due.
OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS,
We remain in peace and friendship with
foreign power. The efforts of disloyal citi
zens of the United States to involve us in
foreign wars, to aid an inexcusable insurrec
tion, have,been unavailing. Her Britannic
Majesty's Government, as was justly expect
ed, have exercised their authority to prevent
the departure of new hostile expeditions
from British ports. The Emperor of France
has, by a like proceeding, promptly vindica
ted the neutrality which he proclaimed at
the beginning of the contest.. Questions of
great intricacy and importance have arisen
out of the blockade and other belligerent
operations between tile - Government and
several of the maritime Powers, but they
have been discussed and, as far as was pos
sible, accommodated in a spirit of frankness,
justice, and mutual good will. It is especi
ally gratifying that our prize courts, by the
impartiality of their adjudications, have
commanded the respect and confidence of
maritime Powers.
The suplemental treaty between the United
States and Great Britain, for the suppressidn
of the African slave trade, made on the I ith
day of February last, has been duly ratified
and carried into execution. It is believed
that, so far as American ports and American
citizens are concerned, that inhuman and
odious traffic has been brought to an end.
I shall submit for the consideration of the
Senate a convention for the adjustment of
possession claims in Washington Territory,
arising out of the treaty of the 15th of June,
1845, between the United States and Great
Britain, and which have been the source of
some disquiet among the citizens of that now
rapidly improving part of the country.
A novel and important question, involvin,,
the extent of the maritime jurisdiction of
Spain on the waters which surround the is.
land of Cuba, has been debated without
reaching an agreement, and it is proposed,
in an amicable spirit, to refer it to the arbi
trament of a friendly Power. A convention
for that purpose will be submitted to the
Senate.
I have thought it proper, subject to the ap
proval of the Senate, to concur with the in
terested commercial powers, in au arrange
ment for the liquidation of the Scheldt dues,
upon the principles which have been hereto
fore adopted in regard to the imposts upon
navigation in the waters of Denmark. The
long-pending controversy between this Gov
ernment and that of Chili, touching the seiz
ure at Siltena, in Peru, by Chilian officers, of
a large amount in treasure belonging to citi
zens of the United States, has bean,brought.
to a close by the award of his Majesty the
King of the Belgians, to whose arbitration the
question was referred by the parties. The
subject was thoroughly and patiently exam
ined by that justly respected magistrate, and,
although the sum awarded to the claimants
may not have been so large as they expected,
there is no reason to distrust the wisdom of
his Majesty's decision. That decision was
promptly complied with by Chili when intel
ligence in regard to it reached that country.
The joint commission under the act - of the
last session for carrying into effect the con
vention with Peru, on the subject of claims,
has been organized at Lima, and is engaged
in the business entrusted to it.
Difficulties concerning inter-oceanic tran
sit through Nicaragua are in course of
amicable adjustment. In conformity with the
principles set forth in my last annual mes
sage, I haze received a representative from
the United States of Columbia, and have
accredited a minister to that republic.
RIGHTS OF FOREIGNERS
Incidents occurring in the progress of our
civil war have forced upon my attention the
uncertain state of international questions
touching the rights of foreigners in this
county and of the United States citizens
abroad. In regard to some Governments,
these rights are, at least partially, defined
by treaties. In no instance, however, is it
expressly stipulated that, in the event of
civil war, a foreigner residing in this coun
try, within the lines of the insurgents, is to
be exempted from the rule which classes him
as a belligerent, in whose behalf the Govern
ment of his country cannot expect any
privileges or immunities distinct from that
character. I regret to say, however, that
such claims have been put forward, and, in
some instances, in behalf of foreigners who
have lived in the United States the greater
part of their lives.
There is reason to belive that many per
sons born in foreign countries who have de
clared their intention to become citizens, or
who have been fully naturalized, have ev .ded
the military duty required of them by deny
ing the fact, and thereby throwing upon the
Government the burden of proof. It has
been found difficult or impracticable to obtain
this proof from the want of guides to the pro
per sources of information. These might be
supplied by requiring clerks of courts
where declarations of intention may be made,
or naturalization effected, to send periodically
a list of the names of the persons naturalized,
or declaring their intention to become citi
zens, to the Secretary of the Interior, in
whose department these names might be ar
ranged and printed for general information.
There is also reason to believe that foreigners
frequently become citizens of the United
,States for the sole purpose of evadin
ilttges imposed by the laws of their native
countries, to which, on becoming naturalized
here, they at once repair, and, though never
returning to the United States,they still claim
the interposition of this Government, as citi
zens. Many altercations, and great preju
dice, have hereto Tore arisen out of this
abuse. It is therefore submitted to your
serious consideration. It might be advisable'
to fix a limit beyond which no citizen of the
United States, residing abroad, may claim
the interposition of his Government. The
right of suffrage has often been assumed and
exercised by aliens, under pretences of na
turilization,which they have disavowed when
drafted into the military service. I submit
the expediency of such an amendment of the
law as will make the fact of voting an estop
pel against any plea of exemption from mil
itary service, or other civil obligation, on the
ground of alienage.
OUR INTERCOURSE WITH EUROPE.
In common with other Western Powers,
our relations with Japan have been brought
into serious jeopardy through the perverse
opposition of the hereditary aristocracy of
the empire to the enlightened and liberal
policy of the Tycoon, designed to bring the
country into the society of nations. It is
hoped, although not with entire confidence,
that these difficulties may be peacefully over
come. I ask your attention to the claim of
the minister residing there for the damages
he sustained in the destruction by fire of the
residence of the legation at Yeddo.'
Satisfactory arrangements have been made
with the Emperor of Russia, which, it is be
lieved result in effecting a continuous
line of telegraph through that Empire from
our Pacific coast. I recommend to your fa
vorable consideration the subject of an in
ternational telegraph across the. Atlantic
Gdean,:ancl also of a telegraph between the.
capital end' ihe.national forte :along the. At
lantic( seaboard-and ethe Gulf of liewioo.-L-
Such communication, established with any
reasonable outlay,would be an economical as
well as effective aids to the diplomatic, mili
tary, and naval service.
The consular system of the United States,
under the enactments of the last Congress,
beginge to be self sustaining, and there is
treason to hope that it may become entirely
so, with an increase of trade which will en
sue whenever peace is restored.
Oar ministers abroad have been faithful
ly defending American rights. In protect
ing commercial interests, our consuls
have necessarily had to encounter increased
labors and responsibilities, growing out of
the war. These they have, for the most
part, met and discharged with zeal and
efficiency. This acknowledgment justly in
cludes those consuls who, residing in Mo
rocco, Egypt, Turkey, Japan, China, and
other Oriental countries, are charged with
complex functions and extraordinary pow
ers.
CONDITION OF THE TERRITORIES
The condition of the several organized
Territories is generally satisfactory,although
Indian disturbances in New Mexico have
not been entirely suppressed. The mineral
resources of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, New
Mexico, and Arizona, are proving far richer
than has been heretofore understood. I lay
before you a communication on this subject
from the Governor of New Mexico. I again
submit to your consideration the expediency
of establishing a system for the encourage.
ment of immigration. Although this source
of national wealth and strength is again
flowing with greater freedom than for seve
ral years before the insurrection ocourred,
there is still a great deficiency of laborers in
every field of industry, especially in agri
culture, and in our mit es, as well of iron and
coal as of the precious metals. While the
demand for labor is thus increased here, tens
of thousands of persons, destitute of remu
nerative occupation, are thronging our for
eign consulates and offering to emigrate to
the United States if essential but very cheap
assistance can be afforded them. It is easy
to see that, under the sharp discipline of
civil war, the nation is beginning a new life. _
This noble efforts demands the aid and ought
to receive the attention and support of the
Government.
INJURIES TO FOREIGN SUBJECTS
Injuries unforseen by the Government, and
unintended, may, in some cases, have been
inflicted upcui the subjects or citizens of for
eign countries, both at sea and on land, by
persons in the service of the United States.
As this Government expects redress from
other Powers when similar injuries are in
flicted by persons in their service upon citi
zens of the United States, we must be pre
pared to do justice to foreigners. If the ex
isting judical tribunals are inadequate to
this purpose, a special court may be author=
lied, with power to hear and decide such
claims of the character referred to as may
have arisen under treaties and the public
law. Conventions for adjusting the claims
by joint commissions have been proposed to
some Governments, but no definitive answer
to the proposition has yet been received from
any.
In the course of the session I shall proha.
bly have occasion to request you to provide
indemnification to claiments where decrees of
restitution have been rendered and damages
awarded by Admiralty courts. And in
other cases where this Goverement may be
acknowledged to be liable in principle, and
where the amount of that liability has been
ascertained by an informal arbitration, the
proper officers of the Treasury have deemed
themselves required, by the law of the Uni
ted States upon the subject, to demand a tax
upon the incomes of foreign consuls in this
country. While such a demand may not, in
strictness,
be in derogation of public law, or
perhaps of any existing treaty between the
United States and a foreign country, the ex
pediency of so far modifying the lot as to ex
empt from tax the incomes of such consuls as
are not citizens of the the United States, de
rived from the emoluments of their office or
from property not situated in the United
States, is submitted to your serious consider.
ation. I make this suggestion upon the
ground that a comity which ought to be re
ciprotated exempts our consuls in all other
countries, from taxation. To the extent thus
indicated, the United States, I thick, ought
not to be exceptionally illiberal to interna
tional trade and commerce.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
The operations of the Treasury during the
last year have been successfully conducted.
The enactment by Congress of a National
Banking law has proved a valuable support
of the public credit, and the general legisla
tion in relation to loans has fully answered
the expectations of its favorers. Some amend
ments may be required to perfect existing
laws, but no change on their principles or
general scope is believed to be needed.
Since these measures have been in opera
tion, all demands on the treasury, including
the pay of the army and navy, have been
promptly met and fully satisfied. No consid
erable body of troops, it is believed, were
ever more amply provided and more liberally
and punctually paid, and, it _may be added,
that by no people were the burdens incident
to a great war ever more cheerfully borne.—
The receipts during the year from all sour
ces, including loans and the balance in the
treasury at its commencement, were $901,-
125,674 86, and the aggregate disbursements,
$895,796,630,65, leaving a balance on the let
of July, 1863, of $6,329.044.21. Of the re
ceipts there were derived from customs,
$69,059,642.40; from internal revenue, $37,-
640,787.95; from direct taxes, $1,485,103.61;
from lands, $167,617.17 ; from miscellaneous
sources, $3,046,615.35, and from loans, $776,-
. 682,361.57, making the aggregate $901,125,-
674.86. Of the disbursements there were for
the civil service, $23,253,922.08; for pensions
and Indians, $4,216,520.79; for interest on
public debt, $24,729,846.51; for the War
Department, $599,298,600 83 ; for the Navy
Department, $63,211,105.27 ; for payment of
funded and temporary debt, $181,680,635.07,
making the aggregate $ 89 5,796,630.65, and
leaving the balance of $5,329,044.21.
But the payment of the funded and tem
porary debt having been made from moneys
borrowed during the year, must be regarded
as merely nominal payments, and the motl
eys borrowed to make them as merely nom
inal receipts, and their amount, $181,086,-
635,07, should therefore be deducted both
from the receipts and disbursement.
This being done, there remains as actual
receipts $720,039,093.79, and the actual dis
bursements $714,709,995 58, leaving the bal
once as already stated.
The actual receipts and disbursements for
the first quarter, and the estimated receipts
and disbursements for the remaining three
quarters of the current fiscal year of 1864
will be shown in detail by the report of the
Secretary of the Treasury, to which I invite
your attention. It is sufficient to say here
that it is not believed that. actual results
will exhibit a state of the finances less fa
vorable to the country than the estimates of
that officer heretofore submitted, while it is
confidently expected that at the close of the
year both disbursements and debt will be
found very considerably less than has been
anticipated.
THE WAR DEPARTM ENT
The report of the Secretery of War is a
document of great interest. It consists of—
First. Tne military operations of the year,
detailed in the report of the General-in-
Chief.
Second. The organization of colored per
sons into the war service.
Third. The exchange of prisoners, fully
set forth in the letter of General Hitoheock.
Fourth. The operations under the act for
enrolling and calling out the national forces,
detailed in the report of the Provost Marshal
General;
Fifth. The organization of the Invalid
Corps; and
Sixth. The operation of the several depart.
ments of the Quartermaster General, Com
missary General, Paymaster General, Chief
of Engineers, Chief of Ordnance, and Sur
geon GeneraL .
It has appeared impofisible to make a val.
uable summary of this report, except each
as would be teo:eziended for this place, and
"THAT .
, 0011BITRY 18 TIM MORT PROBPZROU mini LABOR OOKKARBB THR GRRATIBT itzweaD.'
LANCASTER CITY, PA., TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 15, 1863
hence I content myself by asking your atten
tion to the report itself.
THE 2iAVY DEPAET3IENT.
The duties devolving on the naval branch
of the-service, during the year and through
out the whole of this unhappy contest, have
been discharged with fidelity and eminent
success. The extensive blockade has been
constantly increasing in efficiency as the
navy has expanded, yet on so long a line it
has so far be t% impoksible to entirely sup
, press illicit ifade. From the returns receiv
ed at the Navy Department, it appears that
more than one thousand' vessels have been
captured since the blockade was instituted,
and that the value of prizes already sent in
for adjudication amounts to over $13,000,000.
Theft:Laval force of the United States con
sists at this time of 588 vessels, completed
and in the course of completion, and of these
75 are iron-clad or armored steamers. The
events of the war give an increased interest
and importance to the navy, which will prob
ably extend beyond the war itself. The ar
mored vessels in our navy, completed and in
service, or which are under contract and ap
proaching completion, are believed to exceed
in number those of any other Power; but
while these may be relied upon for harbor
defense and coast service, others of greater
strength and capacity will be necessary for
cruising purposes, and to maintain our right
ful position on the ocean. -The change that
has taken place in naval vessels and naval
warfare, since the introduction of steam as
a motive power for ships-of-war, demands
either a corresponding change in some of
our existing navy yards, or the establish
ment of new ones, for the construction and
necessary repair of modern naval vessels.—
No inconsiderable embarrassment, delay,
and public injury have been experienced
from the want of such Government establish
ments.
The necessity of such a navy yard, so fur
nished, at some suitable place upon the At
lantic seaboard, has, on repeated occasions,
been brought to the attention of Congress by
the Navy Department, and is again presented
in the report of the Secretary which accom
panies this communication. I think it my
duty to invite your special attention -to this
subject, and also to that of establishing a
yard depot for naval purposes upon one of
the Western rivers. A naval force had been
created on these interior waters, and under
many disadvantages, within little more than
two years, exceeding in numbers the whole
naval force of the country at the commence
ment of -the present Administration. Satis
factory and important as have been the per
formances of the heroic men of the navy at
this interesting period, they are scarcely
more wonderful than the success of our me
chanics and artisans in the production of
war vessels, which has created a new form
of naval power.
Our country has advantages superior to any
other nation in our resources of iron and
timber, with inexhaustible quantities of fuel
in the immediate vicinity of both, and all
available and in close proximity to naviga.
ble waters. Without the advantage of pub
lic works, the resources of the nation , have
been developed and its power displayed in
the construction of a navy of such magnitude
which has at the very period of its creation,
rendered signal service to the Union.
The increase of the number of seamen in
the public service from 7.500 men in the
spring of 1861 to about 34,000 at the present
time, has been accomplished without special
legislation or extraordinary bounties to pro
mete that increase. It has been found, how
ever, that the operation of the draft, with
the high bounties paid for army recruits, is
beginning,to affect injuriously the naval ser
vice, anti will, if not, corrected, be likely to
impair its efficiency, by detaching seamen
from their proper calling, and inducing
them to enter the army. I therefore respect
fully suggest that Congress might aid both
the army and naval services by a definite
provision on this subject, which, would at
the same time be equitable to the communi
ties more especially interested.
I commend to your consideration (he sug
gestions of the Secretary of the Navy in re
Bard to the policy of fostering and training
seamen, and also the education of officers
and engineers for the naval service. The
Naval Academy is rendering signal service
in preparing midshipmen for the highly re
sponsible dui ies which in after life they will
be required to perform In order that the
country tould not be deprived of the proper
quota of — educated officers, for which legal
provision has been made at the Naval School,
the vacancies caused by the neglect or omis
sion to make nominations from tho States in
insurrection have been filled by the Secretary
of the Navy. The school is now more full
and complete than at any former period, and
in every respect entitled to the favorable con
sideration of Congress.
THE POST OFFICE I)EPARTMEMT.
During the past fiscal year, the financial
condition of the Post Office Department has
been one of increasing prosperity, and I am
gatified in being able to state that the actual
postal revenue has nearly equalled the en
tire expenditures, the latter amounting to
$11,314,206 84,and the former t 0511,163,789-
59, leaving a deficiency of but $150,417 25.
In 1860, the year immediately preceding the
rebellion, the deficiency amounted to $5,656,-
705 49, the postal receipts of that year being
$2,645,722 19 less than those of 1863._ The
decrease, since 1860, in the annual amount
of transportation has been only about twenty
five per cent., but the annual expenditure
on account of the same has been reduced
thirty-five per cent. It is manifest, therefore,
that the Post Office Department may become
self sustaining in a few years, even with
the restoration of the whole service.
The International Conference of postal del
egates, from the principal countries of Eu
rupe and America, which was called at the
suggestion of the Postmaster General, met at
Paris on the 11th of May last, and concluded
its deliberations on the Bth of June. The
principles established by the Conference as
best adapted to facilitate postal intercourse
between nations,and as the basis of future pos
tal conventions, inaugurate a general system
of uniform international charges, at reduced
rates of postage, and cannot fail to produce
beneficial results.
THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT
I refer you to the report of the Secretary
of the Interior, which is herewith laid before
you, for useful and varied information in re
lation to the public lands, Indian affairs,
patents, pensions, and other matters of public
concern pertaining to his department.
The quantity of land diSposed of during
the last and the fir t quarter of the present
fiscal years was three million eight hundred
and forty-one thousand five hundred and forty
nine acres, of which 161,911 acres were sold
for cash ; 1,456,514 acres were taken up under
the homestead law, and the residue disposed
of under laws granting lands for military
bounties, for railroad and other purposes. It
also appears that the sale of the public lands
is largely on the increase. It has long been a
cherished opinion of some of our wisest, states
men that the people of the United States had
a higher and more enduring interest in the
early settlement and substantial cultivation of
the public lands than in the amount of direct
revenue to be derived from the sale of them.
This opinion has had a controlling influence
in shaping legislation on the subject of our
national domain. I may cite, as evidence of
this, the liberal measures adopted in reference
to actual settlers. The grant to the States of
the overflowed lands within their limits, in
order to their being reclaimed and rendered
fit for cultivation, the grant to railroad
companies of alternate sections of land upon
the contemplated lines of,their roads, which
when completed, will so largely multiply the
facilities for reaching our distant possessions.
This policy has received its most signal and
beneficial illustration in the recent enact
ment granting homesteads to actual settlers.
Since the first day of January_last, the before
mentioned quantity of one million four hun
dred and fifty-six thousand five hundred and
fourteen acres of land have been taken up un
der its provisions. This fact, and the amount
of sales, furnish gratifying evidence• of in
creasing settlement upon the public lands.—
Notwithstanding the great struggle in which
the energies of the nation have been ungaged, , ,
and which has required so large a withdrawal
of our citizens from their accustomed pursuits,
I cordially cononr in the recommendation of
the Secretary of the Interior, suggesting a
modification of the act in favor of those en
gaged in the military and ”aval service of the
United States. I doubt not that Congress
will cheerfully adopt such measures as will,
without essentially changing the general fea
tures of the system, secure to the greatest
practical extent its benefits to those who
have left their homes in the defence of the
country in this arduous crisis.
I invite your attention to • the views of the
Secretary as to the propriety of raising, by
appropriate legislation, a revenue from the
mineral lands of the United States. The mea
sures provided at your last session for the re
moval of certain Indian tribes have been car
ried into effect. Sundry treaties have been
negotiated, which will in due time be sum
mitted for the constitutional action of the
Senate. They contain stipulations for extin
guishing the possessery rights of the Indians
to large and valuable tracts of land. It is
hoped that the effects of these treaties will re
sult in the establishment of permanent friend
ly relations with such of these tribes as have
been brought into frequent and bloody colli
sions with our out-lying settlements and emi
grants. Sound policy and our imperative
duty to these wards of the Government de
mand our anxious and constant attention to
their material well-being, to their progress
in the arts of civilization, and above all for
that moral training which, under the blessing
of Divine Providence, will confer upon them
the elevated and sanctifying influences, the
hopes and consolations, of the Christian faith.
I suggested in my last annual message the
propriety of remodelling our Indian system.
Subsequent events have satisfied me of its ne
cessiry. The details set forth in the report
of the Secretary will evince the urgent need
for immediate legislative action.
I commend the benevolent institutions es
tablished or patronized by the Government
in this District to your generous and fostering
care.
The attention of Congress during the last
session was engaged, to some extent, wick a
proposition for enlarging the water communi
cation between the Mississippi river the
northeastern seaboard. which proposition,
however, failed for the time. Since then, up
on a call of the greatest respectability, a
convention has been held at Chicago upon
the same subject, a summary of whose views
is contained in a memorial addressed to the
President and Congress, and which 1 DOI9
have the honor to lay before you. Teat this
interest is one which ere long, will force its
own way I do not entertain a doubt, while it
is submitted entirely to your wisdom as to
what can be done now. Augmented inter
est is given to this subject by the actual com
mencement of work upon the Pacific Rsilyoad.
Under auspices so favorable to rapid pro
gress and completion, the enlarged naviga
tion becomes a palpable need to the great
road.
1. transmit the second annual report. of the
Commissioner of the Department of Agri
culture, asking your attention to the devel
opments in that vital interest of the nation.
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
When Congress assembled a year ago, the
war had already lasted nearly twenty months,
and there had been many conflicts on both
land and sea, with varying results. The re
bellion had been pressed back into reduced
limits, yet the tone of public feeling and
opinion, at home and abroad, was not satis
factory. With other signs, the popular elec
tions, then just passed, indicated uneasiness
among ourselves; while amid much that woo
cold and menacing the kindest words coming
from Europe were uttered in accents of pity,
that we were too blind to surrender a hope
less cause. Our commerce was suffering
greatly by a few armed vessels, built upon
and furnished front foreign shores, and we
were threatened with each additions from the
earns quarter as would sweep our trade from
the seas, and raise our blockade. We had failed
to elicit from European Government anything
hopeful , upon this subject.
The preliminary emancipation proclama
tion, issued in September, was running its
assigned period to the beginning of the new
year. A month later the final proclamation
came, including the announcement that color
ed men of suitable condition would be receiv
ed into the war service.
The policy of emancipation; and of employ
ing black soldiers, gave to the future a new
aspect, about which hope and fear and doubt
contended in uncertain conflict.
According to our political system, as a mat
ter of civil administration, the General Gov
ernment had no lawful power to effect eman
cipation in any State, and for a long time it
had been hoped that thejebellion could be
suppressed without resorting to it as a military
measure. It was all the while deemed possi
ble that the necessity for it might come, and
that if it should, the crisis of the contest
would then be presented. It came, and, as
was anticipated, it was followed by dark
and doubtful days.
EFFECTS OF THE PROCLAMATION.
Eleven months having now passed, we are
permitted to take another review.
The rebel borders are pressed still further
back, by the complete opening of the Mis
sissippi; the country oadnated by the rebel
lion is divided into distinct parts, with no
practical communication between them
Tennessee and Arkansas have been substan
tially cleared of insurgent control and influ
ence, and influential citizens in each, own
ers of slaves and advocates of slavery at the
beginning of the rebellion, stow declare open
ly for emancipation in their respective States.
Of those States not included in the emanci
pation proclamation, Maryland and Missou,ri
neither of which, three years ago, would tol
erate any restraint upon the extension of sla
very into new Territories—only dispute now
as to the best mode of removing it within their
own limits.
Of those who were Blades at the beginning
of the rebellion, full one hundred thousand
are now in the United States military ser
vice—about one-half of which number actu
ally bear arms in the ranks--thus giving the
double advantage of taking so much labor
from the insurgent cause and supplying the
places which must otherwise be filled with so
many white men. So far as tested, it is dif
ficult to say that they are not as good soldiers
as any. No servile insurrection or tendency
to violence or cruelty has marked the meas
ures of emancipation and arming the blacks.
These measures have been much discussed in
foreign countries, and contemporary with such
discussion the tone of public sentiment there
is much improved. At home the same mea
sures have been fully discussed, supported,
criticised, and denounced, and the annual elec
tions following are highly encourageing to
those whose official duty it is to bear the
country through this great trial.
Thus we have the new reckoning. The
crisis which threatened to divide the friends
of the Union is past.
METHOD OF RECONSTRUCT/NO THE UNION
Looking now to the present and future, and
with reference to a resumption of the national
authority within the States wherein that au
thority has been suspended, I have t bought to
issue a proclamation, a copy of which is here
with transmitted. On examination of this
proclamation it will appear, as is believed,
that nothing is attempted beyond what is am
ply justified by the Constitution. True, the
form of an oath is given, but - no man is coerc
ed to take it. A man is only promised a par
don in case he voluntarily takes the oath,—
The Constitution - authorizes the Executive to
grant or withhold the pardon at his own ab
solute discretion, and this includes the power
to grant on terms as is fully established by
jndicial and other authorities. It is also prof
fered that if "in any of the States named, a
State Government shall be in the mode pre
scribed set up, such government shall be re
cognized and guarantied by the United States,
and that under it the State shall, on the con . -
stitutional conditions, be protected against in
vasion and domestic violence."
The constitutional obligation of the United
State&to guarrantee to every. State in the
Union arepublioan form of government, and
to protect.the State in the imam stated,,is ex-.
plioit and full. But why tender the benefits
of this provision only to a State Government
set up in this particular way ! This section
of the Constitution contemplates a case where
in'the-element within a State- favorable to a
republican form of government in the Union
may be too feeble.fcir an opposite and hostile
element, external to and even within the State,
and such are precisely the cases with which
we are now dealing. An attempt to guaran
tee and protect a revived State government.
constructed in whole or in a preponderate
part from the very element against whose
hostility and violence it is to be protected, is
simply absurd. There must be a test by
which to separate the opposing elements, so
as to build only from the sound ; and that
test is a sufficiently liberal one which accepts
as sound whoever will make a sworn recanta
tion of his former unsoundness.
-But if it be proper to require as a test of
admiesion to the political body an oath of al
legiance to the Constitution of the United
States, and to the Union under it, why not al
so to the laws and proclamations in regard to
slavery! Those laws and proclamations were
enacted and put forth for the purpose of aid
ing in the suppression of the rebellion. To
give them their fullest effect, there had to be
a pledge for their maintenance. In my judg
ment they have aided, and will further aid,
the cause for which they were intended. To
now abandon them would be not only to re
linquish a lever of power, but would also be a
cruel and astounding breach of faith.
I may add, at this point, that while I remain
in my present position I shall not attempt to
retreat, or modify the emancipation proclama
tion. Nor shall I return to slavery aril , per
son who is free by the terms of that proclama
tion by any of the acts Congress.
For these'and other reasons it is thought
best that support of these measures shall
be included in this oath, and it is believed the
Executive may lawfully claim it in return for
pardon and restoration of forfeited rights
which he has a clear constitutional power to
withhold altogether, or grant upon the terms
which he shall deem wisest for the public in
terest.
IL should be observed, also, that this part of
the oath is subject to the modifying and abro
gating power of legislative and supreme and
judicial decisions.
The f.roposed acquiescence of the National
Executive in any reasonable temporary State
arrangement for the freed people is made with
the view of possibly modifying the confusion
and destitution which must, at best, attend
all classes by a total revolution of labor
throughout the whole States. It is hoped that
the already deeply afflicted people in those
States may be somewhat more ready to give
up the cause of their affliction, if, to this ex
tent, this vital matter be left to themselves,
while no power'of the National Executive to
prevent an abuse is abridged by the proposi
tion.
The suggesfion in the proclamation, as to
maintaining the political framework of the
State or what is called reconstruction, is
made in the hope that may do g iod, without
danger or harm. It will save labor and
avoid great confusion. But why any procla
mation now upon this subject? This question
is beset with the conflicting views that the step
might be delayed too long or be taken too
soon. In some States the elements for resump
tion seem ready for action, but remain inac
tive, apparently, for the want of a rallying
point—a plan of action. Why shall A adopt the
plan of B rather than B that of A? and if A
and B should agree, how can they know but
that the General Government here will reject
their plan? By the proclamation a plan is
presented which may be accepted by them as
a rallying-point, and which, they are assured
in, advance, will not be rejected here. This
may bring them to act sooner than any other
wise Would.
The objection to a premature presentation
of a plan by the National Executive consists
in the danger of committals on points which
could be more safely left to further develop
ments. Care has been taken to so shape the
document as to avoid embarrassments from this
source. Saying that on certain terms cer
tain classes will he pardoned, with rights
restored, it is nut said that other classes on
other terms will never be included. Saying
that reconstruction will be accepted if pre
sented in a specified way, it is not said that it
will never he accepted in any other way.
The movements, by State action, for eman
cipation, in several of the Stares not included
in the emanci;:ation.proclamation, are matters
of profound gratulation; and while I do not
repeat in detail what I have heretofore so
earnestly urged upon this subject, my general
views and feelings remain unchanged, and I
trust that Congress will omit no fair opportu
nity of aiding these important steps to the
great consummation. In the midst of other
cares, however important, we must not lose
sight of the fact that the war power is still
our main reliance; to that power alone can
we look yet for a time to give confidence to
the people in the contested regions that the
insurgent power will not again overrun them.
Until that confidence shall be established lit
tle can be done anywhere for what is called
reconstruction ; hence our chiefest care must
still be directed tb the army and navy, who
have thus far borne their harder part so nobly
and well.
And it may be esteemed fortunate that, in
giving the greatest efficiency to these indis
pensable arms, we do also honorably recog
nize the gallant men, from commander to sen
tinel, who compose them, and to whom, more
than to others, the world must stand indebted
for the home of freedom disenthralled, regen
erated, enlarged and perpetuated.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
DECEMBER 8, 1883.
PROCLAMATION BY THE PRESIDENT
An Amnesty Proclaimed—Fall Pardon, with
Certain Exceptions, Offered the Rebels.
The following Proclamation is appended to
the Message :
PROCLAMATION
Whereas, In and by the Constitution of the
United States it is provided that the Presi
dent shall have power to grant reprieves and
pardons for offeuoes against the United States,
except in cases impeachment; and 'where
as, a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal
State Governments of several States have, for
a long time, been subverted, and many per
sons have committed and are now guilty of
treason against the United States; and where
as, with reference to said rebellion and trea
son, laws have been enacted by Congress de
claring forfeiture and confiscation of property
and liberation of slaves, and also declaring
that the President was thereby authorized,
at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to
extend to persons who may have participated
in the existing rebellion in any State or part
thereof pardon and amnesty, with such ex
ceptions, and at such times and on such con
ditions as he may deem expedient for the pub
lic welfare ; and
Whereas, The Congressional declaration for
limited and conditional pardon accords with
well established judicial exposition of the
pardoning power; and
Whereas, With reference to said rebellion
the President of the United States has issued
several- proclamations with provisions in re
gard to the liberation of slaves ; and
Whereas, It is now desired by some per
sons heretofore engagedin said rebellion to
resume their allegiance to the United States,
and to reinaugurate loyal State Governments
within and for their respective States.
Therefore, I Abraham Linclon, President of
the 'United 'States, do proclaim, declare, and
make known to all persons who have directly,
or by implication, participated in the existing
rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted,
that a PULL PARDON is hereby granted to them,
and each of thein, with restoration of all
rights of property except as to slaves, and in
property cases when the rights of third par
ties shall have intervened ; and upon the
Condition that every such person shall take
and subscribe an oath, and thenceforward
keep and maintain said oath inviolate; and
which oath shall be registered for permanent
preservation, and shall be of the tenor and
effect following, to wit:
I ---- do solemnly swear, in the presence of
Almightyi God, that I will hencefoith faithbal
ly Appilorfr, Protegt, and defend tte Conetitn 7
tion of the United States and the union of the
BUOHANdX
States thereunder; and that I will in like
manner, abide by and faithfully support all
acts of Congress passed during_the existing
rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and
so far as not repealed, modified, or held void
by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme
Court ; and that,,,l will, in like manner, abide
by and faithfully support all proclamations of
the President made during the existing re
bellion having reference to slaves, so long and
so far as not modified or declared void by the
decision of the Supreme Court, so help me
God."
The persons excepted from the benefits of
the foregoing provisions are all who are, or
shall have been, civil or diplomatic aware or.
agents of the so called Confederate Govern
ment; all who have left judicial stations un
der the United States to aid the rebellion;
all who are or shall have been military or naval
officers of said so-called Confederate Govern
ment above the rank of colonel in the army or
of lieutenant in the navy ; all who left seats
in the United States Congress to aid the re
bellion; all who resigned commissions in the
army or navy of the United States, and after=
wards aided the rebellion, and all who have
engaged in any way in treating colored per
sons or white persons, in charge of such, oth
erwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and
which persons may have been found in the
United States service as soldiers, seamen, or
in any other capacity.
And I do further proclaim, declare, and
make known, that whenever in any of the
States'of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Missis
sippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida,
South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number
of persons not less than one-tenth in number
of the votes cast in such State, at the Presi
dential election of the year of our Lord 1860,
each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not
having since violated it, and being a qualified
voter by the election law of the State existing
immediately before the so.called act of seces
sion; and excluding all others,shall re-establish
a State Government which shall be republican
and in no wise contravening said oath, such
shall be recognized as the true government of
the State, and the State shall receive there
under the benefits of the constitutional pro
vision which declares that the United States
shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
republican form of government, and shall
protect each of (nem against invasion, and, on
application of the Legislature, or the Execu
tive when the Legislature cannot be convened,
against domestic violence.
And 1 do further proclaim, declare, and
make known, that any provision which may
be adopted by such State Government, in re
lation CO the freed people of such State, which
shall recognize and declare their permanent
freedom, provide for their education, and
which may yet be consistent, as a temporary
arrangement, with their present condition, as
a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will
not be objected to by the National Executive.
And it is suggested as not improper that,
in constructing a loyal State Government in
any State, the name of the State, the boun
dary, the subdivisions, the Constitution, and
the general code of laws no before the rebel
lion oe maintained, subject only to the modi
fications made necessary by the conditions
herembefore stated, and 'suet). others, if any,
not contravening said conditions, and which
may be deemed expedient. by those framing
the new State Government.
To avoid misunderstanding, it may be pro
per to say that this proclamation, so far as it
relates to State Governments, has no reference
to States wherein loyal State Governments
have all the while been maintained.
And for theme reason it may be proper
to further say that, whether members of Con
gress from any State shall be admitted
to seats constitutionally rests exclusively
with the respective Houses, and not to any
extent with the Executive. And still further,
that this proclamation is intended to present to
the people of the States wherein the national
authority has been suspended, and loyal State
Governments have been subverted, a mode in
and by which the national authority and loy
al State Governments may be re-established
within the said States; or in any of them ; and
while the mode presented is the best, the Ex
ecutive can suggest with hie present impres
sions, it must be understood that no other pos
sible mode would be acceptable.
Given under my band at the city of Wash
ington, the eighth day of December, A. D.;
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
and of the independence of the United States
of America the eighty-eighth.
By the President
Wm. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State
THE LANCASTER INTEIALIGENCER
JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT,
No. 8 NORTH DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA.
The Jobbing Department is thoroughly furnished with
new and elegant type of every description, and is under
the charge of a practical and experienced Job Printer.--
The Proprietors are prepared to
PRINT CHECKS,
NOTES, LEGAL BLANKS,
CARDS AND CIRCULARS,
BILL HEADS AND HANDBILLS,
PROGRAMMES AND POSTERS,
PAPER BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS,
BALL TICKETS AND INVITATIONS,
PRINTING IN COLORS AND PLAIN PRINTING,
with neatness, accuracy and dispatch, on the most reasons
ble terms, and in a manner not excelled by any establish
ment in se city.
* Orders from a distance, by mail or otherwiset
promptly attended to. Address
GEO. SANDERSON 3 SON,
Intelligencer Office,
No. 8 North Duke street, Lancaster, Pa.
D R. SWEET'S INFALLIBLE LINI.
RENT.
THE GREAT EXTERNAL REMEDY.
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AND ALL RHEUMATIC AND NER—
VOUS DISORDERS.
DR. STEPHEN SWEET, OF CONNECTICUT,
The Great Natural Bono Setter.
DR. STEPHEN SWEET; OF CONNECTICUT.
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DR. STEPHEN SWEET, OS CONNECTICUT,
Is the author of "Dr. Sweet's Infallible Liniment."
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DR. SWEET'S INFALLIBLE LINIMENT
Is for sale by all Druggists. Price 25 and 50 cents.
RICHARDSON & CO.,
Sole Proprietors, Norwich, Ct.
.215 P. For sale by all Dealers. ' [Jane 23 ly 24
FANCY FURS! FANCY FURS!!
JOHN PARMA,
718 ARCH BTRZS
(below Bth south Ode,
PHILADELPHIA
Importer, Mannfactn
of and Dealer in all kind:
FANCY FURS!
for Ladies' and Cbildre
• Wear.
I wish to return m:
thanks to my friends r
Lancaster and the sr
rounding counties, for the
very liberal patronage 5:
tended to me during th
last few years, and won!
say to them that I no:
have in store, of pity owl
Importation and idanufac.. ,rye— assort•
Merit of all the different kinds and qualities of Fancy
Furs, for Ladies and Children, that will be worn during
the Fall end Winter seasons. •
Being the direct Importer of all my Fare from Europe,
and having them all Manufactured under my own super
vision—enables me to M . :Emmy cnstomers and the public
a much handsomer set of Furs for the same money.
Ladies please give me a call before purchasing! Please
remember the name, number and street.
JOHN PAREIBA,
No. 718 Arch-Street, Philadelphia.
5m VS
•
GREATEST VARIETY OP PHOTO
GRAPH ALBIIHS.
we would call the attention of persona to op limp
stock of -
PHOTOGRAPH .ALBUJIB.
We have the largest and best stock ever brought to the city.
OVER 100 DIFFERENT STYLES, VARYING IN PRICE
EOM 75 CENTS TO 20,00 DOLL ARS.
Call and sea for yourself at
JOHN 13111LaITINW8
Cheep Cash Skye,
• 82 North Qausen street, Book
Lancaster.
act 14 piraminer, Union end Inquirer eopy4 tf.lo
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
WHITE MEN MUST AIME A.IIIIIMOA
THE CHEAPEST PAPER
Forty-Sight Columns of Reading Matter per Week.
forsL2Dper Year!
THE ONLY NW YORK PAPER bfeIDRAIP
OLUSIVELY FOR 00IINTRY OIROUL &TION.
News of the Week, with the Cattle, Produce, end ethos
Markets, Carefhlly Reported.
NSW YOB% DAP-BOOK
POE 1864.
WHITE MEN'S LIBERTIES-STATE BIGHTS 4-.
IMMORAL UNION.
The New York Day-Book is an independent, Demers*
journal, holding, with the late Senator Douglas, that
• this Government is made on the white basis, by white'
men, for the benefit of white men and .their posterity
.for
ever." It is a large doubie sheet, with linty -eight ealtinizit
of reading matter, and in all respects—whet/Mr fbr
Markets, News r ldterary or Agricultural information—is
not Inferior to any as a political or family newspaper. /a
Ice political department, it grapples boldly with the real
question before the American People, and present, the
only philosophy of It which can resist the sweeping march
of Abolitionism. It is Demooratie in the true sam of
the term—the defender of the People's Bights; but I t li
the upholder of no party chicanery or triekery tangs ,
only for Peace, but it shows how, and bow only, permanent
Peace can be obtained, end the glorious White AMA
ernment of Washington teston3d,:ris.: by the attar lOW*
overthrow, and extermination of dholitlonlau from
American soil.
The Day-Book Is now the only weekly political - paper in -
New York city made up exclusively for eountry.toubir
Mon. All the others are reheat:tad from the_coltimiti-of
some daily paper, which renders it almost impossible
give eo complete and general a summary of the news '
es in the other case. Persons about subscribing should ..
take ibis Into consideration. DeMocrats, alsa,'must see to
it that Sound papers are circulated among the 'people; or
Abolitionism will never be put down. All who desire to
refute the arguments of Abolitionists, should mad The
Day-Book.
One Copy, one year
Three Copies, one year-- .......
Five Copies, one year...... ......... .. . . ...
Ten Copies, one year, and one tc7tl; get
ter up of the Club ... ...
Twenty Copies, one year, and one to get.
ter np of the Club 24.0 d,
Additional Copies, each-- ..... .... 1,20
The name of the post office, county - and State, ahoidd
in all moms, be plainly given in every letter.
Payment always in advance, and all papers will be atop
ped when the time of subscription paid for expires.
Address,
VAN ENTER, HORTON &Va.; '
No. 102 Nassau Street, New York.
SPECIAL OFFERS. •
We desire this year to place before a million of northern
readers the great doctrines the Day-Book teaches on' the
question of the Races. We confidetaly believe if this,
Journal were placed In the hands of one-half of the votert
of the northern States between Ude time and Noyetriberi;
1864, the Democrats could not fall to carry the next Pried
dentist election. We therefore make the following offena
not in the light of prizes, and not even because it will be
profitable—for we can scarcely afford ittuxt solely to
secure a wide dissemination of the views which we pro
foti,,dly believe will save our country:
CLUBS OF TWENTY..
Fur Fur a club of twenty, beside the extra paper now offered,
we will send a copy of Dr. Van It'verte's great . work of
" Negroes and Negro Slavery," the third edition of which
is Just ready. Price $1 00.
CLUBS OF FIFTY.
Fora club of fifty subscribers, at $BO. we will send one
extra paper, and a complete set of our .Auti-AbOtitiou
Publications," the prices of which, taken together, amount
to $2.76.
CLUBS OF ONE HUNDRED.
In relation to clubs of one hundred, we will say this:
Whoever will send ns one hundred subscribers at one time,
the club to be sent to one address, and begin and 'end at
the same time, we will receive the papers et 81001
nor 17 if 46) V. 4 a a Co.
***
TAB.. SWEET'S
LI INFALLIBLE LINIMENT,,
THE GREAT EXTERNAL REMEDY.
FOR RHEUMATISM, GOUT, NEURALGIA, LUMBAGO,
STIFF NECII. AND JOINTS, SPRAINS, BRUISES,
CUTS AND WOUNDS, PILES, HEADACHE,
AND ALL RHEUMATIC AND NER—
VOUS DISORDERS.
For all of which it is a speedy and certain remedy, and
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CAUTION.
To avoid imposition, observe the Signature and Likeness.
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RICHAB.DBON A 00.,
Bole Proprietors, Norwich, ' %t.
[June 18 ly
For Sale by all Dealers
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•
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Catalogue will be tilled on receipt of $l.BO, And snit by
mall, free.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM&
Of these we manufacture a great variety, ranging In
price from 50 cents to $5O each.
Our ALBUMS have the reputation of being superior is
beauty and durability to any others. The smaller kinds
can be rant safely by midi at a postage of six mute per ea.
The more expensive can be sent by express. •
We also keep a large assortment of EITEBBSOOPIS
AND BTEREBCOPIC VIEWS. Our Catalogue of these will
be sent to any address on receipt of Stamp. B. kU. E.
ANTHONY, Manufacturers of Photogiaphic Materials, - dOl
Broadway, New York.
Friends or relatives of prominent military: men
ter a favor by sending ua their likenesses to copy. Thiry
will be kept carefully and returned uninjured.
Flue Albums mane to order for Oongregations to penal
to their Pastor, or for other purposes, with sultable
scriptiona, !to. fang 18 em 22
_
SHEAFFEWS CHEAP BOOK STORE
No. 32 NORTH QUEEN STREET
IS THE PLACE TO PURCHASE
SCHOOL BOOKS .t SCHOOL STATIONERY.
READING AND SPELLING BOOKS,
ARITHMETIOS AND ALGEBRAS,
GRAMMARS AND ETYMOLOGII%
DIOTIONAKIES AND HISTOk
PHILOSOPHIES, te., to.
COPY AND 00MpOSITION.BOOKS,
LETTER, cep AND NOTEPAPER, -
BLANK-BOOKS, SLATES, •
LEAD AND SLATE PEN.
PENS AND HOLDERS, 1••••
INKSTANDS, .
and the beatand moat complete eemeeteentetr_ L - •
SCHOOL STATIONERY IN TEX
at
sr Liberal dleccrants made b Teacdteco.sia 3lll learellmte..
JORN 813160711#,
Mom Allah Book , Ilto* r .611
Les No.r, QwreoPf••s•,o- i':"
NO. 49