stjc Canrastcr Intelligencer
GbBO, S/kWOKRSON, BDITOR.
K. WAWPBRSOW.
LANCASTER, PA., DECEMBER 9; 1862
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Now onr flag Is Hong to the wild winds free,
Let it float o'er oor father iaod.
And the guard of its spotless fame shall he
Columbia'e choseo band.
“CLING TO THE CONSTITUTION. AS
THE SHIPWRECKED MARINER CLINGS
TO TllE LAST PLANK. WHEN NIOIIT
AND THE TEMPEST CLOSE AROUND
DlM.”— Daniel Webster.
Tax on Newspapers.
The Government tax on news
papers is excessive. It reaches them
in four ditferent ways. The tax on
white paper is enormous—so also
the tax on ink, on every advertise
ment, and on the income of the pub
lisher. It would seem that the tax
—direct and indirect—was purposely
arranged to embarrass newspapers.
It certainly forces them to raise their
prices, curtail their dimensions, or
continue to publish at a ruinous los,g.
The price of white paper has in
creased within the last two or three
months nearly one hundred per cent. —
If all who are indebted to us will
pay what they owe us, during the
present month, we shall continue to
publish The Intelligencer, at its
present size and without any addi
tion to the price. But we cannot
longer afford to send it to people
who never think of paying the prin
ter.
THE WAtt NEWS,
The gunboat Lexington had a lively skir
mish with the rebels abouttwenty miles below
Helena lately. Although the boat was rid
dled with cannon shot and musket halls, do
one was hurt. Several of the rebels were
killed and a number of negroes and a quantity
of cotton captured.
Secretary Welles has written a letter to the
New York Chamber of Commerce stating that
an aditional force will be sent to cruise after
the Alabama. There is no authority to graot
permission to private vessels to go in search
of her.
An expedition, consisting of three regi
jments, left headquarters in Missouri, lately,
and destroyed a saltpetre works, arsenal and
storehouse, with a large quantity of arms, at
Yellville, Arkansas. A number of prisoners
and horses were taken.
A schooner loaded with turpentine and
rosin has been captured while endeavoring to
run the blockade ht Charleston. Several per
sons believed to be pilots were on board.
The rebel General Holmes is reported to
have crossed from Arkansas into Mississippi,
at Vicksburg lately, with 40.000 men.
The rebels are still troublesome Dear Mem
phis, being engaged in burning cotton and
impressing men.
The rebels have retreated from their forti
fications at Abbeville, Miss., and our troops
now occupy the place. Before leaving they
greatly damaged the works.
There is another rumor from Suffolk of a
skirmish at that point between the rebels and
the 11th Pennsylvania cavalry, under Col.
Spear, which resulted in the capture of a rebel
battery and forty prisoners.
Gen. Sherman is reported to be beyond
Coldwater, a small town in De Soto couoty,
Miss., and 31 miles south of Memphis.
It is reported that the line of railroad
from Richmond to Petersburg is being
strongly fortified with batteries and rifle
pits.
The expedition which left Ilelena is re
ported to have consisted of 20,000 men, and
to have Granada for it* destination.
LATEST WAR NEWS.
General Burnside's army is still at Feder
icksburg, evidently biding its time to strike a
decisive blow atthc Rebellion in concert with
other forces, directed against Richmond. It
is currently reported that Stonewall Jackson
has j dned Lee's army, and that the Rebels
feel that their all is staked on the issue of the ■
impending battle. The health of the Union j Speaking of the correspondence between
Army is said to be good, and it never was in j Gon. McClellan and Gen. Halleck, tbe New
better spirits. i York Herald says :—“The letter of McClellan
The Great Banks Expedition Bet sail from | proves him to be equally a statesman and a
New York on Thursday evening. General j soldier. The report of Ilalleck shows that
Banks accompanying it in the steamer North ' neither one nor the other." Again:
Star. Its destination is unknown, the secret ; “Halleok's calculation, with the whole situa
having been bo well kept that even the before him, completely failed. McClel-
Rebels are in doubt where it will strike.— lan's letter, on the contrary, contains the most
General Banka himself says it is going— singular predictions of the disasters that must
South. Another high officer, previous to start- i follow, if Halleck's plan should be adopted;
ing, said it was “going to eea." The truth of j and thos e predictions were literally ful
these statements as to the voyage are beyond j hlled/'
doubt. !
BST* Hod. Charles J. Biddle, M. C., will The Democratic Citizen , published by A. R.
accept our thanks' for important public docu- Van Cleaf, at Lebanon, Ohio, has again made
znents. So also the Hon. S. E Ancona. its. appearance. It was destroyed, some
months since, by a mob of Abolition traitors,
THE PUBLIC DEBT,
The Secretary of the Treasury, in his report j trho are too cowardly to render service in the
to Congress, estinS’ates the public debt on the j arm y» but who sneak about their hellish mis
lst of July, 1363,5f51, 122,297,403.24, and on ; ohief at D >g bt . when booest people are abed;
the supposition that the war may last until j who defame, slander, and malign those
the Ist of July, 1864, at $1,744 685 586.80 ' they have not the courage to meet openly.—
The amount yet to be provided for by Con- j The time is coming when such recreants to
gress, for the fiscal years, 1863 and 1864, be- i humanity will wish they had never been
yond resources available under existing laws j horn. Mr. Van Cleaf is a son-in-law of our
he states at $899,300,701 22. ! esteemed Democratic friend, Mr. Daniel D.
'HEW ELECTION. ! ° f FU ' ton tOWDBhi P’ thla °° Unt y-
The election for City Comptroller, Corpora- ' *”*’
tion Counsel, and for Alderman in nine wards, ' _,, THE '' ,KX ’*' CL,EbK; '
took place on Tuesday, and resulted, as anti-1 lhe . name of Hon ' Thomas B. Florence is
■ . , . i . .. . . , ■ extensively mentioned in connection with the
cipated, in a complete Democratic triumph. TT „ ,
Brennan, Democrat, was elected Comptroller : Cl " ksh ‘ P of ‘ ha ” ext U ‘ S - Hous ° of Re P re ‘
by 13,536 majority, and Deyelin, Democrat, j BBDtat ™ 3 - Mr ’ Flor ™“ has ha(i ten J ears
Corporation Counsel by 23 022. The vote ! ex P erlence aB . a member of the House, and
was much smaller than in November. The ! ™ th 'T Cle ” Ca . l talent - a g °° d voice - and a
Aldermen elected are all Democrats. ! th ° roUgh ae( l ua ' Dtance with parliamentary
—, ...... i rules, wonld make a most capable und efficient
Great Fire.—On Saturday last a serious j officer. He has ever been a faithful and un
fire'occurred Rt Lock Haven, Pa., which de- j tiring Democrat, and his selection as the ere-
The estimated loss U $lOO,OOO, mostly covered I bves woul<l b 8 a compliment he has eminenly
by issuranoe. j merited.
WHAT NEXTt
By the proceedings of Congress, on Thur*.
day lost, we observe that Mr. Stevens has
signalized hie appearance in the Honee at the
present session by introducing the following
bill, in substance: ; ;
Whereas, -'On the 4th of March, 1861, some
of the United States were in Insurrection, and
a rebellions condition of the public safety re
quired the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus to be suspended, and several arrests,
and imprisonments made in consequence
therefore.
And Whereas , There is not entire.uranim
ity in the branches of this Government as to
the right of declaring of sach a suspension of
the writ:
Therefore be it enacted That all such sus
pensions, arrests and imprisonments by whom
soever caused to be made, shall be confirmed
and made valid; and the President, Secre
taries and Heads of Departments and all con
cerned, or advisiog sach sots are hereby in
demnified and discharged in respect thereto ;
and all indictments, informations, salts, prose
cations and proceedings whatever, commenced
or to be commenced against the President or
any other person, are hereby discharged and
made void.
The second section requires that daring the
existence of the rebellion the President shall
be and is invested with power to declare a
suspension of the writ of habeas corpus at
sach times and in regard to each persons as
in his judgment the public safety may require.
By reference to the first section it will be
perceived that it is a deliberate attempt to
violate the Constitution of the United States
by enacting an ex post facto law—in other
words to create a statute which shall have a
retrospective as well as a prospective effect.
In the 9 th section of the Ist article of the
Constitution it is expressly provided that
44 No .bill of attainder, or ex post facto law
shall be passed.” And yet, in the very face of
this plain provision of the organic law, Mr.
Stevens, for the purpose of shielding those
high in authority from the consequences of
their arbitrary and tyrannical acts against
the personal liberty and rights of the citizens,
is willing to disregard the oath he took to
support the Constitution, and not only wipe
out past offences, but also give a parte blanche
to the officials at Washingtou to play the part
of tyrants and despots with perfect impunity.
That he will succeed in carrying his bill
through the present Congress we have not a
doubt; but, thank God, there is a day of re
tribution coming, and the Supreme Court will
have to pass upon the constitutionality of such
an enactment. In that enlightened and im
partial body rests the hope of the citizen for
redress, and we plaee implicit confidence in
their firmness and integrity. Congress may,
perhaps, pasß what laws they please to take
effect in the future ; but when they attempt
to wipe out past offences, they so far outrage
common sense and Constitutional liberty as
to defeat the ends of justice, and such legisla
tion will be a dead letter on the statute book.
GEN. HALLECK’S report.
The report of Gen. llalleck to the War
Department gives the correspondence between
General McClellan and the Commander-in-
Chief upon the removal of the army from the
Peninsula. According to the correspondence,
which will be found in another column, Gen.
McClellan, after the change of base to the
James River, desired reinforcements for the
purpose of enabling him to advance upon
Richmond, believing that it could be more
effectively accomplished from that direction
than any other. General llalleck differed
with General McClellan, and feared that |
Washington would be in danger if reinforce
ments should be sent from Fredericksburg
lie desired a new base to be established at
Fredericksburg, and the advance to be made
from that quarter. The candid reader, we
think, will admit that Gen. McClellan gives
some excellent reasons for making the James
River the way to approach Richmond, and
the subsequent events which followed the un
fortunate removal of his army from the Pen
insula, the defeat of Pope, the fright in Wash
ington and the raid into Maryland, all prove
that the military judgment which ordered the
removal was either greatly mistaken in the
expected results, or that the work was most
wretchedly managed in its execution. The
difficulties since experienced in making Fred
ericksburg a base for Burnside’s movements,
give additional force to McClellan’s argu
ments. Ho seems to have better comprehend
ed the situation than the Department at
i Washington, and if he had been reinforced as
j desired, we believe that Richmond would by
| this time have been captured. There is noth
! ing in Gen. Halleck’s report, wc think, which
| is likely to impress the public mind differently.
PAY TO THE SOLDIERS
Why is it that many a soldier who has bled
for hie country—whose health has been im
paired in battling for the Union—is not paid
bis money? Surely, somebody is to blame.
In some cases there are as high as seven
months’ pay due the men. Where are the
paymasters ? Uncle rfam has plenty of green
backs—why don’t his agents “shell out?”—
Many of the soldiers have families dependent
upon them for support, and these are suffer
ing for the waDt of the money earned by their
husbands and fathers in the service of their
country. Whilst dishonest contractors are
stealing millions from the treasury, and pay
maste s and officers have :heir pockets stuffed
with greenbacks and faro sumptuously, the
families of the poor soldiers who fight our
battles are left to want and starvation I The
existence of such a state of affairs is dis
: graceful to the government, and the soldiers
' have reason to complain.
PITHY AND POINTED:
started AGAIN
TUB PRESIDENT’S JOBSS AGE*
The President's Message will be found at
length on onr first page. It is undoubtedly
the production of “Old Abe” himself, and he
is entitled to all the credit for this luminous
production. The subjoined remarks of the
Patriot & Union are apropos and to the point,
and express onr views so clearly of the docu
ment, that we give them to oar readers with
out note or comment:
We do not wish it to be understood that we
dissent from all the opinions expressed by the
President in his message. Oq the contrary,
we agree with him that “ it is not so easy to
something as it is to pay nothing”—that
“it is easier to pay a large sum than it is to
pay a larger one”—and that “it is easier to
pay any sum when we are able than it is to
pay it before we are able.” By what process
of reasoning hearrived at these important con
clusions we are left in the dark ; bat thev ap
pear to ns to be sound, and we think the Pres
ident deserves some credit for divulging them.
If every other part of his message was as clear
and incontrovertible, there woold be little room
for unfavorable criticism. We are sorry we
cannot carry onr approval much further.—
However, we will go as far as we can. When
he says : “We, of thiß Congress and this ad
ministration, will be remembered in spite of
onrselves” —“the fiery trial through which we
pass will light us down, in honor or dishonor,
to the latest generation”—we say, even so.
But when “We Bay we are for the Union”—
“We know how to save the Union. The World
knows we do know how to save it”—we take
the liberty of saying we don’t believe it; or, if
they are “for the Union” and “know bow to
save it,” we beg leave to suggest that it is
about time they were giving some evidence of
their love for it, and their knowledge of the
manner in which it can be saved. Hitherto,
it appears to us, they have been trying their
best to convince “the world” that they hate
the Union and wish to destroy it. The asser
tion that “God must forever bless” the “way”
they have chosen, is rather too positive. We
do not think there is any compulsion in the
case, and are, in fact, rather inclined to the
belief that God, at present, has very little to
do with them or their “plans.”
ONE DELUSION LESS.
The Chicago Tribune— the most violent and
unreasonable Abolition journal, with one ex
ception, in the country—is forced to make the
following admission :
“We believe the fallacy is no longer cher
ished of starving out the rebellion. It will
read strangely in the history of this war that
the idea was ever seriously entertained that
by a cordon of forts and -gunboats thinly
drawn about the vast states of the South, the
people of that richest agricultural region on
which the sun shines could ever be starved
into submission. Why, two bounteous har
vests, that have filled the garners of the South
with plenty, have smiled derisively at such
delusion. Nor will they succumb because
they have no salt, and because the shoes of the
confederacy have waxed old like those of the
deceitful Gibeonites. Tell us no more of con
trabands or reliable fugitives; charmiDg never
so wisely with reports of discontent, demori
lization, and debabilitation in rebel lines. We
have had too much of this. We have acted
too muoh as if we expected the rebels to fall
apart and come to us for relief.”
This starvation theory, which prevailed so
extensively at the commencement of the war
that all who professed to doubt it were pro
nounced secessionists, was a direot conse
quence of the teachings of the abolition
orators and journalists who, through the press
ami rostrum, gave currency to the most absurd
delusions respecting the weakness of the
South. Helper’s book, the Tribune , and Wen
dell Phillips have cost the country more blood
and treasure than did the southern armies, on
account of the chimeras they fostered in the
northern mind. Look at a few of them :
“The South would not leave the Union though
“a bridge of gold was built to pas 9 over.”
“The slaves w uld rise at once in the event
“of a rebellion.” The South could not exist
“three months without northern clothes, tools,
“or manufactures.” The whole civilized
“world would be with the free North in a con
gest with the slave-holding South.” “The
“southerners are semi-barbarians (vide Sum
“ner,) and have not the moral or physical
“stamina that would fit them to fight north
erners,” etc.
Well, we are unlearning all this, but at
what a cost! No wonder the Republican
party is rapidly melting away. It was strong
only from the delusions it fostered, and as they
disappear it disappears. But is worth while
to consider whether the nation had better
trust its life to the quacks who have,so often
deceived it, and who now confess themselves
so frequently self-deceived.— N. Y. World.
ELECTION FRAUDS IN DELAWARE
The people of Delaware appear to have had
their share of trouble at the late election.—
They wore not only beset by government
officials, by threats, by having their State
rights trampled upon by armed volunteers,
but by deliberate fraud and forgery, some of
which is coming to light to the infinite dis
credit of the participants. The Delaware
Gazette, speaking of the Cour* proceedings,
says :
“ It will be seen that bills have been found
against several parties for frauds and illegal
voting at tho late election. We are told that
about twenty bills were presented. One, or
more, of these bills found is against James
Montgomery, editor of the Delaware Inquirer,
for forging tax receipts. It is alleged that
several hundred of these forjed receipts were
used by voters in this county. Several have
been traced to,the hands of citizens of strong
Abolition proclivities, who heretofore claimed
respectability and are members of church.”
By these Irauduleot proceedings the AbcT
lUionists of Delaware succeeded in electing
their candidate for Governor by a very small
majority; but it is very doubtful whether he
will be allowed to fill the office under such
circumstances.
GENERAL ItlcCL ELL AN TO GENERAL
PORTER,
The trial of Gen. Fitz John Porter, now go
ing on at Washington, brings out many inter
esting facts. At the conclusion of Gen. Pope’s
testimony on Thursday, General Fitz John
Porter offered in evidence the following letter
of General McClellan’s, written to him from
the War Department at Washington, dated
“September 1, 5 20 P. M.
Major General Porter, Centreville, Command
ing Sixth Corps:
I ask of you, for my sake, that of the coun
try, and of the old Army of the Potomac, that
y<»u and all friends will lend the fullest and
most oordial co operation to General Pope in
all the operations now going on. The dis
tresses of nur country, the honor of our armies,
ore at stake, and all depends now upon the
cheerful 'co-operation of all in the field.—
This week is the crisis of our fate. Say the
pame thing to all my friends in the Army of
the Potomao, and that the last request I have
to make of them is, that for their country’s
sake they will extend to General Pope the
snme support they hpve ever to me. lam in
charge of tho defences of Washington, and
am doing all I can to render your retreat
safe, should that become necessary.
Geo. B McClellan,
Major General.
A PROPHECY
We see it going tbo rounds of the papers
that the late John C. Calhoun, in 1850, and
within a short time of his death, said to a
distinguished Senator who called to see him
in his sick chamber:
“ The seeds, sir, of dissolution have been
sown and must bear their fruit. The two
sections [North and South] oan no longer live
under a common government. I think I can
see clearly, within what time, the separation
will take place, and fix it at twelve years
[1862] —three Presidential terms. My judg
ment is clear upon the subject—but I am not
so clear as to how it will take place, but think
that the greatest probability ie, that the Gov
eminent will explode during a Presidential
election.”
How well this prediction of that extraor
dinary statesman has been-Verified, we all
bat too well know.
A Sensible Preacher.— A olergyman of
the Methodist Episcopal church, writes to the
Harrisburg Union, as follows: 44 1 f the Lord
requires a man to be an Abolitionist before
he can be a minister, I am certainly misin
formed. I cannot preach a sincere gospel and,
at the same time, advocate a falsa philac*
thropy.”
18 THIB “HONEST 1”
Mr. Lincoln’s friends delight to call him
“Honest Abo”—which people generally re
gard as no proof of honesty, considering tht
character of the most influential of his friends.
But some developments have been made in a
Court Martial at St. Louis which “don’t look
jnst so honest.” Gen. McKinstry, Fremont’s
Quartermaster daring his rale in Missouri,
has been on trial there for’allegedfrauds upon
Government ia the purchase of army supplies.
The fundamental ground of complaint against
him is that he made purchases without adver
Using for proposals. A contract with one
James L. Lamb, of Springfield, Illinois, was
under investigation, and Lamb’s agent who
made the contract was on the stand. In the
course of bis examination the following letters
were produced and read :
Washington, Sep. 10,1861.
J. McKinstry, Brigadier General and Quarter
master, St. Louis:
Permit me to introduce James L. Lamb,
Esq., of Springfield, 111.
1 have known Mr. Lamb for a great many
years. His repotation for integrity and abil
ity to carry out bis engagements un
questioned, and I shall be pleased, if consis
tent with the pnblio good, that you will
mata purchases of him of any army supplies
needed in your department.
Your obedient servant.
A. Lincoln.
Washington, Sep. 9, 1861.
J. McKinstry, Brigadier General and Quarter-
master, St. Loais:
Sir: The bearer of this, James L. Lamb,
Esq., of Springfield, 111., is the personal friend
of the President as well as my own. He is a
gentleman of integrity and business capacity,
and any engagement entered into will, no
doubt, be faithfully carried out. As Illinois is
bearingher burden of the war, both in furnish
ing men and means, it i 9 the desire of the Ad
ministration that the citizens of that State
should have a fair share of government pa
tronage dispensed in your department. If you
can do anything for Mr. Lamb, in purchasing
supplies, you will oblige, provided he will
make his prices suit you,
Your obedient servant,
Simon Cameron,
Secretary of War.
Among the parties to tfie contract made to
reward the State of Illinois for the patriotism
of her citizens, was a Mr. Young, of Middle
town, Pa., and a Mr. Ely of Harrisburg, and
it was stipulated that a Mrs. Grimsley should
have a certain sum out of the profits. Now
who arc these parties ? Mr. Lamb himself was
a partner in business with Cameron’s eon ; Mr.
Yuuog was a neighbor and particular friend of
Cameron, and Mrs. Grimsley is the President’s
sister 1 A nice family arrangement, made
probably in view of St. Paul’s declaration,
that he who does not provide for his own
household is worse than an infidel 1
But look at the honesty of this matter. The
President orders an officer to be tried by court
martial for making purchases in an illegal
manner, without advertising for proposals,
while he bad himself asked him to do that
very thing—asked, in fact, ordered him to
purchase of a man who felt bound to give the
President’s sister a share of the profits ! We
forbear to comment upon this humiliating de
vplopment; every intelligent reader, while
blushing for his country in view of the exhi
bition of its Chief Magistrate soliciting con
tracts for his friends in direot violation of law,
will draw hiaown conclusion as to his knowl
edge that his sister was to share the profits of
the contracts thus illegally obtained. —New
Hampshire Patriot,
FROM EUROPE.
The steamship China, Capt. Anderson, from
Queenstown on the22d, reached New York on
Friday afternoon.
The Russian note on mediation in full is re
ceived. Prince Gortßchakoff appears desirous
ia behalf of his government to maintain
friendly relations with America, and at the
same time prepare the way for a cessation of
our civil war. But he deems the present tim e
unfavorable for any attempt at intervention.
Should Eogland and France insist on inter
vention, Russia would throw no obstacles in
the way, and would lend all moral support in
its power. It is said that M. de I’Uuys had
replied to Earl Russell’s note.
Several steamers were nearly ready to leave
English ports for the purpose of running our
bluckade. An account of them, their names,
cargoes, etc., are found in the column of Eu
; ropeac news. A steamer was reported to have
l loft Liverpool lately, having six hundred tons
| of arms for the rebels.
The London Morning Herald asserts that
the relations of France and Eogland were un
friendly, and Earl Russell was about to resign
from the Cabinet.
The cotton market at Havre was stagnant,
and on one day not a single bale was sold.
The Cost of a Siege. —The sipge of Sebas
topol commenced in October. 1854, and ended
by the reduction of the south side of the city
in September, 1855—eleven months. The
French started with sixtv pieces of cannon,
supposing these to be sufficient. The Allies
2 557 cannon, for which they served
2 381 942 shot and shells, and 11,484 304
pounds of powder, exclusive of what was used
by the fleet on the day on which they assist
ed in tbo bombardment. The fleets mounted
2156 guns, half of which were brought to
bear on the fortifications, Alexander and Con
stantine, and the quarantine and cliff batteries
mounting 261 guns, 200 of which were brought
to bear on the squadron. The bombardment
lasted five hours and a half, and 968,680 shot
and shell were used. For the infantry of the
French army there was provided 61,606 869
musket cartridges. The artillery constructed
118 batteries, requiring 800.000 sand bags,
and 50,000 gabions The engineer depart
ment constructed 59J miles of intrenebments.
requiring 80 000 gabions, 60,000 fascines and
nearly 1 000 000 sand bags, besides 1,251
metres of mining galleries, some of which
were fifty feet below the surface Tho French
transported to the Crimea 309 268 men, and
41 974 horses and mules ; of the men they lost
69,229 by sickness and casualties. The rea
der can make his own calculations as to the
number aud tonnage of vessels it would re
quire to transport the men, horses, guns, &o.
MORE STEALING.
The Washington correspondent of tho N. Y.
Tribune says that it has been discovered that
a conspiracy has existed between the clerks
in the public departments and the contrac
tors, whereby the Government has been rob
bed of large sums of money. He further says
that the matter is now undergoing an investi
gation and that “astounding disclosures” may
be expected in a short time.
From the time that Lincoln’s Administra
tion came into power up to the present, we
have had nothing but a series of “astounding
disclosures” of fraud, villainy and corruption.
It has no parallel in history. According to
the testimony of the Washington correspon
dent of the Chicago Tribune , the public de
partments have been filled by the Abolition
ists with thieves, and recent revelations would
go very far to establish the truth of what he
says. We expect to hear of “astounding dis
closures” of fraud and corruption as long as
the present Administration holds power in
Washington city. They always steal,
and we have no hope of things getting any
bettor until the advent of a Democratic Ad
ministration.—Pottsville Standard.
THE WESTERN ARMY IN MOTION,
The grand army of the South is all in mo
tion. General Sherman left Memphis, on
Wednesday with his forces. General Grant’s
army struck their tents at dawn on Friday,
and marched off on the Holly Springs road.—
Seven days rations were prepared, only one
tent was allowed to twenty men, and one tent
to the officers of each company, and six wagons
to each regiment. The rebels are falling
back towards Grenada, tearing up the track.
They carry off tho rails and burn the bridges,
and destroy the ties as they retreat. It is
even reported the rebels are removing all their
valuables from Jackson, Mississippi.
A Commissioner of Contrabands. —The
War Department is about to appoint from
oivil life a Commissioner to look after the in
terests of tbe'oegro contrabands now in charge
of the government.— Exchange.
Certainly. Anything to bleed tbs treasury.
Go in, gentlemen. There are not half enough
officers yet to supply the thousand of hungry
Abolitionists who are applying for a ohanoe
to “serve their beloved eountry.*
LOCAL DEPARTMENT.
IMPORT AST DECISION.
The following important opinion was deliv
ered by Judge Pxa&sox, at Harrisburg, on Saturday week.
In a oaee loTolTing cerUlo rights at Issue between the
Drafting Commissioner of this county, James L. Reynolds.
Erq .‘and Mr. Jos* Maksiiy, who was drafted in exoess
of the qoota cal ed far from this county:
The CbaunomcazZtt an the Relation of John MarTdey a Ibl.
Everard Btixtr.—Habta* Corpus * *.
. The complainant, John Markiey, aoed out a writ of Ha*
bets Corpus directed to OoL £rerard Bierer, tha command*
ant at Camp Curtin, averiog that ha is Illegally restrained
of hia libertyj to which the respondent replied that he
held him as a militia soldier, regularly drafted, and sworn
into tbe service of the United States. Evidence has been
adduced to show that the draft was illegally conducted,
and the complainant not bonnd to serre. and the following
facts have been established: After the enrollment for ban
caster county was completed and plaeed In the hands of
the-Commissioner appointed agreeably to law, and tbe
number of men ascertained which was to be fhrnlsbed by
each township, borough and ward, it appeared that tbe
quota for the connty was one tbonsand six hundred and
seventy-seven, and that for Hempfield township, in which
the complainant resided, was forty-nine. Regular notice
was giTen of the time and place for hearing excuses and
claims for exemption, and all who- came forward were
beard. Tbe Commissioner at tbe time and place, aud In
the manner prescribed by law, proceeded to draw for a few
tcwoahips, and alter drawing the nnmber required, con
tinned to take some small additional names from the wheel
to make up for any th-tt might be rejected by tbe muster
ing officer on account of physical -disability. About this
time he received orders from the department at Harris
burg to allow any vsl-d excuses which should b<* made
after the draft, tlxo same as if they had been presented be
fore, aud an additional list of tbo*e entitled to exemption
was famished him. Believing that tbe number to be
excused under these new orders would be very considera
ble, the Commissioner greatly Increased*his over draft In
all subsequent drawings, and on coming to Hempfield
township, proceeded to draw one hundred and ten names
from the wheel iottead of tbe f'Tiy-nloe required. Markiey
was not one of the forty-nine first drawn, bnt was in the
over draft. Of the forty-nine first drawn, s ? x were excused
on account of being conscientiously scrupulous about bear*
iug arms, one as being under age. three for physical disa
bility, and one a justice of the peace None of these bad
appeared before the Commissioner until drafted, wi-h the
exception of the justice, whose claim was digallowed by the
Commissioner, but was afterwards allowed by an order
trom the Deportment.
The over draft for tbe whole county of Lancaster was
nine hundred and twenty-five, and that for Hempfield
township sixty*one. Tbe name of John Markiey was drawn
the sixty third, but owing to the exemptions allowed sub
eequent to tbe appeal, it reqaired two, and including the
sixty-fourth name drawn to make the number ordered tj
be furnished.
The Act of Congress of eighteen hundred and six‘y-two
authorised the President of the United Btat*s to prescribe
a system for drawing such portion of the militia as he
should deem neres-ary, to take effect in those States u h we
laws were imperfect or where none existed uoder whh h a
draft could he made, and by virtue of this delegated order
No. 99 was devised and adopted, and to it we must lo k
for tne whole system of enrolling and drawing the miil'.ia
iu Pennsylvania, as we had no law under which it could
have been effected.
The Governor is directed to appoint officers to prepare
rolls of aJI able bodied men between the ag*s of eighteen
and forty five, and those li-ts or roils are to be fi'ed in tbe
sheriff's office of the proper county. The Governor l< also
to appoint a Commissioner for oach county, whose duty it
lr to superintend the drafting, and bear and determine
excuses of persons claiming to be exempt from military
duty. Notice is to be given of the time at wbi<-b excuse*
will be heard, and all persona claiming exemption must,
before tht day fixed far the draft, make proof of 6«cb exemp
tion before the O mmi-sioner, and if the same is found*
sufficient, his name is to be stricken from the A list
ot those entitled to exemption under the laws of ths United
States Is set forth in tbe order, in addition to which the
Ci.-rnmnsioaer is direct d. to absolve all persons exempted
by the laws of the r-spective States, concerning whom
proof shall be made, or who he knows of hiß own ktt- wl
edge to come within th. resp-ctive clisses. After the rolls
are thus ptoperly prepared, ballots containing the names
of all remaining on the rolls a e to be placed in a vh-el.
*and a number drawn therefrom equal to the quota Jix d by
the Governor of the State for the proper county, or for any
mnnlcip'ili'y or town 1-ass than a county
It will thus be perceived that the order contemplated
that ovory excuse should be heard before tbe drawing took
place, and thit no more names should be drawn from the
wheel than was required to fill the quota of the proper
county, or smaller precinct; and had the scheme been
thus carried out it would have been found that but tew
persons would have been draf-ed who were legally exempt.
A very small number might have been r-jected by the
mastering officer on occouot of bodily disability. But,
unfortunately, as we conceive, tbe law was departed from
by the State authorities, and tbe Commissioner was in
structed to allow excuses If urged at any time before the
drafted mao was mustered Into service. Thns tbe whole
scheme was broken up, and men were tempted to forbear
claimiog the exemption until after they knew they had
been drafted. This is more especially exemplified iu the
cass of persons claiming to be conscientiously scrupulous
against bearing arms, who are exempt by the Consti'ution,
lut rnayjbe .required to pay an equivalent. Those p*-rsoos
are to be subj-ct to such penalties «b the Legislature may
prescribe, aad all who are exempted by tbe Commissioner
for that reason are to be so notified by that officer. Bnt
the coarse authorized i-i a direct encouragement for them
to lie back and not claim this personal privilege at the
proper time If afterwards they (hmre to be drawn they
will come forward and claim it; bur should they escape
the draft they will be exempt from tbe penalty. Tbe
course directed is well calculated to encourage fraud, and,
it is fe»red, will conduce lo perjury al-o Of those escaped
after this draft for Hempfield township, seven were for
that cause alone, not one of whom had appeared before the
Commissioner at the prescribed time. It was a personal
privilege, and if not claimed according to law should have
been disallowed. Had tbe State alone been interested in
this question her officers might waive the ime without
objection ; but as every man whose name was in tbe wheel
hail a deep interest In it, I am of »he opinion 'hit it could
D<»t be lawfully waived to his prejudice. To nth w excuses
after the draft, except for causes which would lead to tbe
rej-ction of the man by the mustering officer—as for age
or personal disability—was a very zre.it Irregularity. Dot
authorized by the army orders so far os they have been
exbibiied on Ihis hearing.
[Here follow quotations from the various authorities in
the case, which we omit for want.of room )
After the mos f careful consideration, wo have reluctant'y
came to the conclusion that the over draft was void—’hat
th*re was no authority in the Commissioner to make it
His powers ceased tbe moment he had drawn forty-nine
ballots from the wheel; and all names t*ken out after
wards cannot be treated aa a drawing under tbe law, but
iu express violation cf its direr tioos. aud Markiey *s name
mu*' be considered as one not drawn; bnt he stands in
tbe situn'ion of a person forced into the service without
being drafted. The jurisdiction of tbe Commissioner ceased
when he drew the number prescrib'd; and an act done
without jurisdiction is clearly void, and mu-t so ho de
clared on habeas corpus—l Dal. Vtfi -Such was the ' pinion
also of Lvd Matjsfirld wbeie tbe D-ahiug Commissioner
exceeded bi* jurisdiction in the case alroadv cited, f-oin 1
Burn was. H 37. Nor does this cotne in conflict with, but
js iri precise conformity to, what is said by Chief Justice
Marshall In the ense of T. Watkins, 3 Peters, 302 3; and
also in 801 l man & Swartwoul’s cas».
11 is a-titi h >w>ver, nn behalf ol th-»U'’i f ed States, thit
tbo complainant voluntarily nppenre-1 before the mustering
officer aDd b ok the pres rite I «>»th to serve in the army,
thereby waiving all irregularities The only evtlencewe
hive that he was sworn ie th* return of the respondent,
who coriifles that he was "mastere J Into the service of the
United States ” When or bow is n< t stated; bat it is con
tended that he must have been Bwc»n at the time of mus
t-ring in. The evidence sho*3 that Marklt-y wss notified
of his beiDg drafted, and was **• .it to Camp Curtin under
charge of a lance eerceaut, accordiog to the army order
No act of his appears to havo been voluntary, bnt whs ap
oarently compulsory. And where the draft >s void, it
w nld require som- distinct act of volition on' his part to
ruako that go il which was void from the beginning. There
must be a new coo'ract nf service voluntary en’ered into
to render it binding. When a nnn is thus draf 01. and
afterwards j’ins a volunteer corps, or procure* a substi
tute to serve lu his Btead, he could not be relieved Nor
would he have cause of c> mplaint, as his own subsequent
act bound him. and not th* irregular draft. He was as
much bound to know the law as was the Commissioner,
and should have claimed a discharge bv legal process in- : MISS M'rY HAS RKACHED A (( HIGH*
stead <>f obtaining aumh-r to serve for him. j Ed HAS BEEN AH-
We have no doubt that the Executive of this Stats ws«j j SOCI tTINU WITH THE UNCHAINED
actuateil hy the porent m -five in permitting excuses to be j lAi WASHINGTON CITY*
heard Bflurw.rd., which the law contsmpl«red sho.il Ihe j jam r rozr»s»lDfZ fetter and faster. I have roarh-d a
presented tn the Commission-.- and determined betoro the wbicb only s fa en„ d fcw „f mv colnrand sex dare
drawl, g commenced. Bnt gol motives will not cure tile- I b attain . , am „„ lnng-r an ordinary helms. I,m
galitT It was known to the Uovernor that many persons , occ , lpy) „ g a -hither plane " I dwpll in a “sphere” of pre
baviog legal excuses had failed to present them; and the ! enl|o ” ntw e l eTa ,.,. d intellectuality and exqnisit.lv refined
object was to relieve sneh from the hardship of performing . c „ ni ,e Di T l, c k language to desclibe the exceeding
military duty against conscience, or where they were by | hl> , ht „ f } . wh-reabnuts. r ran scarcely realize the un
law entitled to exemption But it should be borne io m istakeab!e fart of my sas&clalionjai‘h the Unchained Ex
mind that the law as-ists the vigilant not the negligent c | uaivos rf Washington. I am convinced that I talked,
or pleepy. The Commissioner also believed that he was eat &nd atfl them, only from evidences of the Impetus
not only doing his dnty, bnt citizens and w , rd » hlch my -higher nature” has received,
benefi ting the servlce, # by giving tbe~oue m 're time to I j wa , a u aDßf >nsci)aP of the honor awaiting me when I
prepare than woold be avowed should it become oecssssary f , rolled towards the -Barrackß” on Tbanbaeiving d*v. I
to make a new draft, and securing to the nation in any WPn t with awed spirit to watch froraafaroff tho uniquely
event the quota required rom the county . costumed and graceful figures flitting to and fro. or. per-
This would all have been w*ll, bai the law made such chance , to catch only hurried glimpses of the awinl
provision, but as it did not the omm s loner could not se- shadowt of zreatnevs I found a desirable position. I
cure men by that course. If the necessary nuihber was Btood> with open mo uth. looking in absorbed wonder. till
not obtained, a new draft must be directed by the Pre*i- a f r |fs nd —one of the happy invited—roused me from the
deut. We cannot for a moment permit any question to be static trance, and persuaded me to enter theatcred build
raised as to the validity of this act of Congress the power lnR i wa3 lnsu i te d at the door by a low Breckinridge
of the 1 resident, or the general regularity of the proceed- wa |ter. He, with pronunclatim most vile, wondered ‘ what
ings under which the draft was effected in this -tate j ftn ( gporan t white woman wanted among people of such
Those regularly drawn under the army orders must render , „ ncomra „ n s «n(z.” (I d | d n „ t inform hlm 0 f my profession
service to their country, but in this particular case the j M ~.Writ-ress ”) I administered a sharp rebuke Ire
complainant mnst he discharged. minded him of his want of common sense I entered tremb
Our apology for examining this question at surh length IID j Mt , ery hamb l,. J f-U very meek. I was re
must be found m the fact that the service of over one hn o- Ml . ar ' d by tbe welcoming smiles of several notabilities,
dred Midlers depends on the correct disposition of the It wai and fairy ,| ke Tbe ltm o,phere was
question, although the liberty of a single citizen is deter- hm , y wltb tbe odora of perbapfi , bnpgb i
mined by this decision. dvidqov n— ~ .t a conld not tee any. The tables, whi- h were just being snr*
- a . IHa9 P . r8 h J °. dge *. I rnnnded, were groaning with all the substantialities and
Nov. 291 b, J882.-It is ordered th.t Jrhn Marklcy be d , nclcl ,; of , h * i no . lc , d . wh e-i the long cer
discharged trom the control and custody of Coi. Eve-ard ! th , , b nrettv effertnallv clearnd
Blerer. and that he he relieved from the ,service of the I vIS. J hiit .S!I„„? , b :
United States. Th. Judge decline, togive any costs in |
ln tho d '- i s‘r n mc ’ l anb °“ ndeil *
JNO. J. PEARSON, President Judge | p^,, " proMbPd tb , chalrmsu. Seu.tnr Pomeroy. I ex-
PvrmmTTS Thfl Rpv A f! WpnPR-irsrn ; pruned my nimiratiuD of tbe brilli»Dt festival. I advocstad ,
xvELIGIOUS.— 100 nev. A. _U. W EDEKIND, a the u of Bcpoortini j and ths once enslaved
minster of reputed ability in the Lutheran Church, has re- | bnl now roar , eil African,, and wllhholdlng payment from
signed the pastorship of Zion s Evangelical Lutheran ; the Roidiers. I a=ked. what need have they of money when
Chnrch at Leoanon, In order to nccept the charge of St. , , ba aoT( , ro ment furnishes them to rapidly with “sop-
John s Church In tins city, which wn« made vacant by the j pjj •» and bestows such fatherly care upon their families?
resignation and removal to Dayton. Ohio, of Rev. Mr. Sfeck. | j Ba j,j t why should r.ot the Contrabands repose at their :
R-v. ,1 Walker of Philadelphia, w H prpat-h io | esgoi b e honaed. clothed and fed, while so many women nf
tbe Duke Street NJ. E Chnreh this evsiniog—also on Wed- j onr j n f er jor color are livin? somptu'iusly on the enormous
nesday, Thursday and Friday evenings. | weekly Income of tixly ctriix subtracted from the tmd
o mi j e .» r ii : earned gains of hone«t C-intractors? I congratulated him
ON'>W. Lbe ReCOnd snow Of the season iell j npon ho-’o»s I S9id he presided With almost the erace
on Friday last to the depth of fmr or five inches, since j aDd d j an ity of a soo of Ham. lassored him I could detfct
which tim , \ until yesterday when it began to moderate a \ little difference between him and the Blacks. I acknowl
little, wo bad extremely cold and blustery weather. ; edged only a distinction in « hade. I complimented him
Brought Home Tho roroaira of Corporal j I turned from the honorable gent’eman to one cf the
John A Ivelli-r. of the 70th Reeiment, P. V, who 'Med . feas'e' 1 , wjs listening to onr conversation. I remarked
from wounds received iu the battle at, Perryville. Kv , 1 grandlv—“Your mrenanimltxJs commensurate with your
were brought home on Sunday la*t. The fnneral will lake | condescension in allowirg theTmconditional mingling here
place this afternoon, at 2 o’clock, from his father’s resi- j to-day nf two antagonistic races.” Verv sweetly he smdt-d
dence io Orange street. Funeral to proceed to tho ; aod replied—‘-Oh. we doesn’t disanst edificated white.folks
Lancsster Cemetery. j jf dey isn’t poor and Bas<y.” I thanked him in the name
The remaius of Corporal FrtorßTck H. 985 ER, of the j of al! colorless American citizens,
same Reeiment, who die l from wounds received in the ' Preacbim/ now commenced. Several floqnent Divines
same battle, also arrived at the earns time Tho funeral electrified th** audience in expounding peculiar Scripture,
win take plac- to-morrow (Woinepday)afternoon. from bis : i ihn-ned hwhile I then rauntered away to where a pro-
Blsier’a rcfidence in North Prince street. Funeral to pro- i found and inb-nsely pious Vermonter, with beautifnlly
to Woodward Hill. * ; lemithy lovelocks and a generous quantity of white neck-
1 „ r>_ rr • -ra- rr i clcth. was giviog utterance to astonlshlnc truths. Hlfl
IRIBUTES OP RESPECT —Union Dire Coin* bearers were mnen moved. I likewise. "When informing
pany, No. 1, lately met In tbeir Ha>l, Market street, and l ns that he regarded ‘"the Democratic party as a moral
passed a series of resolutions, expressive of tbeir regret on : devil.” the excitement reached a crisis. There was one
the death *>f B. IJapmav. of tho Ist Reserves, and xslmnltanems shout of “Amen.” Penat''r Pomeroy chanced
Corporal Eli Kramcp., of the 79th Rozlm«nt, who was '■ along just then lie and I Amen—ed so vociferonsly that
killed in the recent battle at Perryv lie, Ky. Buth were • a sage Freedman Hternly shook bis head at ns,
active and honored members o f tbe Union. 1 ‘ Dis am a ’spectahle ’semblage, wn doesn’t want demeetln’
Company h. 135th Regiment, P. V, have also passed a ’sturbed.” We subsided. I left subdued. Jn-*t as one
series of resolutions, erore*«ive of the regret of tho mom- 1 brother wsa whispering to soother—^“Datam a fine preach*
bars on the death of Jacob Frank, a fellow-member. ■ er, he’s an ororyment to de perfeshnn.”
■p._. T A/anrr,T.»,m » „ . «• . . , , I like Thanksgiving dinners in Coo trahand “Barracks.”
r ATAL ACCIDENT. —A most distressing ana I believe in tbe philanthropy that feeds tbe numoroos es
&tal accident occurred on Monday last as a steamboat, ’ taped. I consider this the proper time to doit. I rejoice
1 used for carrying stone for tbe canal company, wa* passing that tbe country is prosperous. I know that it is full of
down toward Colombia, when on nearing the Hopkins’ ‘-Greenbacks w I anticipate more correocv. I base my
1 bridge It was found that tbe boat would not pass under tbe ■ hope on Chase. LUCT 6TONE, JUHIOR.
I bridgo and whilst endeavoring to raise some of tbe timber-!, i *
a large piec'i was thrown np and on coming down canght •
; a deaf and domb lad. six or rieht years old, son of Nicholas
Horn, between the timber stick and the stone wall, crush.
■ lug bis head in ft horrible manner ard killing him instant
ly. On taking tbe fcoy to bis father’s h uv;. the sight of
whom appeared to have crazed the father, he picked up a
l gun and thieatened to shoot Mr. Jacob M. Erisraan, who
had charge of tho lad; he was prevented by the Jnterfer
-1 ence of a bystander. Wbat Is still more singular is that
tbe boy killed is the third deaf and dumb son of Nicholas
Horn 3/arte'fjan.
the editor’s book table. i timated that from 700,000 to 1,000,000 hogs
GODEY’3 LADY’S BOOE.--Tbere is an armv of talent | Will be disposed pf here d*mpg the packing
contributing to the pages of Godey’a LaOy’a B'X»k. that ; season that has just Opened. Wfl BuOOld DOt
cannot be enrpaewi. Pnrity of eentlment and a high J, O BUr prised if the number will eiOeed this.—
moral tone are among the excellent characteristics of tnls j . r 7 ,
book, and one feels sensible that the better feelioga of tbeir j ijfciCQQQ JOUf'tlQl,
nature are appealed to while perusing Its piges. It Is a j i _ -ieasr
home necessity, and that family circle which does not re- j ,
ceive the monthly Tisits ofGrodey. lacks one thing need* i Mftu Ifc fa said that the pork trad© IQ th©
Inl. Tha term. are, cone crjtf ono year: *3; four coplea | w , nrnmieon to hn dull At LouisTille
one year, $10 ; five coplea one year, and an extra oopy to j ” eBt promises tO_ Do anil. dl nuuißTiiio
the -person sending theclnb, sls. Arthur's Home Maga- packers were offering V£ Jo to $3 groBS. AS
line and the Ladj’a Book one year, foa $3 SO. Ztw Jana- Q; nr ,innat) the market WM itasdT at $4.25
ary nmmb«oominKioeaa newToloma., Loon A. Oornr, i r ll , 0 , 11 !. n ■ “S**** "*■ aewau/
>•«, pabllahar, la Ctuatnnt Straat, Philadelphia. to $4.65.
For The Intelligencer.
WAS Til 1C ASSAVLTOIFORT SUMTER
tbs: cause ofthe waai
WE3SB3. Editors: The inherent disposition io m*n to
shift ihe responsibility of a terrible crime, or an act which
tends to entail misery and suffering npon his fellow man.
never was more manifest than stoce oor National calami
ties bare been fastened npon ns. Who was the instigator,
and what the instrumentality which sunk, this great Na
tion from a state of the highest eone-ivable prosperity and
happiness into the awfnl condition of rnln and raflenng
which Is everywhere apparent, are questions not yet set
tled in the pahlle mind, nor indeed will they be until the
aspersions of party malire and sectional hatred shall hare
been eradicated, and the noble prerogative of calm and
dignified reason' shall have reasserted her sway In the
minds of men and the coundls of the Government. So
suddenly has the overpowering calamity been precipitated
upon ns. and so fnriooily has the storm been raging, that
the pnblic mind has scarcely, even at the expiration of two
long years, sufficiently recovered from the shock to realise
the magoltade of the ooao try 7 s disaster, or to aeek seriously
for Its cause and its origin.
The Administration of Ur. Lifooln and thq Republican
party generally are free to regard the attack on' Fort Snm
ter as the canae of the war. This, of course, involves an
antecedent, and the Inexorable force of their irgic would
Brem to imply, or directly charge, a serious reflection upon
the preceding Administration for neglecting or refn. B iog to
reinforce that Fort, and thns the psaeo and interest of the
country became jeopardised by an omission which other
wise might have been potential In crushing the rebellion
*. a a ®'lncipient state. The assault on Fort Sumter was no
doubt the occasion of hostilities, hut the cause penetrated
deeper interests and Involved more widespread and com
prebenme responsibilities. The menacing attitude ofthe
P®°P’® of }*• Cotton States, and the authoritative
pwitton of ths Federal Government upon a question of ad
ministrative jurisprudence, and the special wants ofthe
Fort itself, as well as the concentration of power and inter
est which was every where apparent in and around Charles
ton Harbor, involved of course serious political complica
tions, but It became a question of strategy with the parties
concerned as to which should strike the first blow.
In these circumstances it waa clearly the duty of the
President not only to avoid a breach of the peace, but to
pnrsue such a policy as to leave every avenue open and
'every hoc** alive’to every section of the country for an am
icable adjustment of the difficulties—so long as there was
a possibility of such a happy termination of the quarrel—
and a healing-up of the wounds made upon our common
nationality by the aspersions of political intriguers, and
the selfish inro »ds of sectional jealousies.
President Bcohaxan, always alive to every constitution
al duty, and clearly perceiving the totality of the veiled
and multiplying difficulties daily presenting themselves,
at once comorebended'the demands of the Interests, both
civil and poii'ical. ofihs whole country, and pursoel just
fU’b a policy as the emergencies of the time* seemed to
require, and thus closed his term of office without encoun
tering the necessity of a bn-ach of the peace, or performing
any act calculated to entail the horrors of civil war upon
bis country so long as compromise and conciliation, upon
principle* of justice and honor, were possible. Hi* refusal
to reloforce any of the forts along the Southern coast,
when such an act required force, especially in the excited
condition of the B>-uthern mind so apparent, was
simply and pitrioticaUy to secure to the Natioo tha untold
blessings of peace, lie was well aware that an effort to
bold, supply or reinforce any fort or garrison at that time
would have been met with corresponding demonstrations
of hostility, and a collision of arms between the peopio of
the seceded States and *ha Government w- aid have been
inevitable. The logieal conclusion, therefore, confirmed
by subsequent facta, was that the attempt to reinforce
would have been the overt act, and the result just the op
pod'e'to that so much desired.
There can be scarcely a doubt in the mind of any intel
ligent. free-thiokiog citiieo that the real causa of the war
was the formation, and success in ita advent to power, of
a party avowedly hostile to the peculiar institutions of the
Southern States.
Republicanism as it was at Chicago and as it is at Wash
ington, with its inherent sectionalism—its Inborn hatred
of •Southern principles and Southern men; with its con
tracted ideas of government, and its impracticable theories
of the real purposes and true objects of our tree im-tHu
tiooe; its fanatical perversion of the cardinal doctrine* and
guarantees of the Constitution, and insane frenxy of its
corrupt men and measures; with its negro loving propen
sities and devilish system of Abolition agitation and bas
tard philanthropic sentiment; wi'h its persecutions, its
threats, its wanton violations of Constitutional law, and
manifest tendency to anarchy and despotism, will furnish
to impartial history and farther generations a proper solu
tion rf the great problem we are now considering, and tbe
identity of the true subject for the execrations of our chil
dren’s children, because of its agency in the overthrow and
destiuction of one ot the best governments ever devised by
man.
It Fort Sumter, upon recorded military opinion and ad
vice, conld not have been reinforced without a collision of
arms, which would to the nature of the case involve the
whole country in war and carnage, it was an all soffletent
reason and necessity fofc Its peaceable evacuation. This was
a duty Bn si lent Lincoln - soTamnly owed to the hesitating
Btatos and the Union men ail through the Scu h, who
were pleading as never men pldad to save them and their
country tbe curse of disunion, by Ipifgthening tbe way of
reconciliation, and thus strewmg'their future pathway
with fi wers and blessings, instead of planting it with
thorns and corses Tbe statement in his message that
the "Government desired to keep tbe garrison in ihe fort
merely to maintain visible possession, and thns prevent
tbe Union from actual and inevitable dissolution, trusting
to time aod disenseion and the ballot-box for final adjust
ment,” *hows that be knew tbe only way by which adjust
ment could come, without provoking actual hostilities, and
sunoondiug his Administration with dlfficolti-s from
which he would never be able to extricate't. Thenssau't
on Sumter whs the result of violating the promptings < f
bis better judgment, aod the unfo-tunate yielding of his
executive authority to tbe policy dictated then, and in
every important measure since, by the fanatical Abolition
wing of the party that gave him his power. It was the
occasion of tbe outbuist of a storm that was gathering from
the time of his election, tbe cause of whirh restei in the
organic existence of his party, and the accumulating force
and power of sectionalism so palpable in ail tho States
nrrth of Mason and Dixou’s lino.
Would it have been h- norable or politic to have evnen
aled that Fort, when it seemed to be demanded by men
who were io a treasonable attitude agaiust tbe authority
of tbo fioverument ? It would at least have beeD patriotic,
because it would have been yielding to a military necessity
for ihe-publi • weal, and any policy that is patriotic in such
circumstances is both manly and honorable.
Tbe people of tho country were recouci'ed to the evacu
ation of that Fort as a military necessity When it was
announced that such was the determination of ili-» Adrain
i*tratinn the conservative mind experienced a relief for it
seemed to promise a peaceful policy and the removal of at
least that bone of contention. Had there been a manly
independence manifested by Mr. Lincoln in regsrd to the
Abolition faction of the North at f lnt early day in his Ad
ministration, and tbe inroads of their sectional schemes
and their fanatical toiqoity obstinately resisted in every
important public mea>.nre since, tbe country this day
would hove been enjoying the ble-slngsof peace and per
haps barm'-ny in tbe affairs of the Government, and he
would have rendered his name immortal as a judicious,
humane and patriotic statesman.
The policy of yieldiug to what is regirded “a military
necessity” has been torced upon him in more ways than
one. and in many instances of fully as dishonorable a
character, since the sending of that unfortunate fleet into
Charleston Ilarbor, which provoked the attack, and
adroitly shifted—in the popular mind at least—the respon
sibibty c.f the war upon the shoulders of Mr. Bocuanan for
Dot reinforcing tbe Fort, and mainly upon the people of
the South for doing just what every one knew they would
do so soon as ih-y were wei e provoked to the attack.
Yielding to ••military necessity,” so insipid at first, has
become exceedingly popular since. It is like charity, a
cloak for all the sins ofthe Administration. And not only
; of the Adtninistrali m. but also of other governments ; and
; If the extremely philanthropic and charitable sentiment
j of Mr. Lincoln and his Abolition advisers <>f the North h»d
! have ext-n-led to our erring brethrea of the South and the
i s-tme policy observed toward them at that propitious hour,
i all the blood and treasure of <h)s terrible war would hav-»
| been sav“d, and the Union—'h- great deHldentom ol the
life, happiness and prosperity of the Government. tin true
| value of which they have re'uctaotly learned since their
| destiny depends upon it. and there seems to bo a p sMihiil
! ty of 'permanent dissolution—would have been hop-fnlly
i and permanently perpetuated. Orserver.
For The Intelligencer.
S«gr- Chicago, so long the greatest grain
market in the world, is now also the greatest
pork centre. Last year 514,119 hogs were cut
up in this city—3l,llB more than in Cincin
nati, whioh has the nnrne of being the great
Porknpolie of the world. The capacity for
slaughtering aDd packing hogs has been vastly
increased for the coming winter, and it is ee-
PHILADELPHIA CORRESPOS DESfcB?
Messrs. Editors: The Mowsgi and a'v'ompanying dncu*
merits are before the public and are being digested, if any*
body can digest the crudities, backwoods rlansr, and bad
r' e oric of the MTat-ion characterized as The Second Annual
M-osage of e\o,etc. A few months ago and wo deluded
ourselves with«the hopo that Mr. Lincoln -was a constitu
tion-loving, conservative President: but bin Message dis
pels nverv shadow of a hop* or doubt that ever existed on
that subject. It begins with nipg j r, ends with nigger,
and s]velN nigger all through it. la not a word that
looks to an alleviation of oar troubles, nothing to reach
the grand idea of tho time. Instead it only breathes
emancipation, the year 1900 (1) and a walling complaint
that no nation on the face or fte earth will receive the
nl?g*raft‘r Mr Lincoln hasba<fthehumanity to free him!
The beet friends t f the Pn sldent are dlrapfolnted. what*
ever may to said to the contrary, and the only jubilant
ones over tbi* s»d error Into which the chief magistrate of
the nation has fallen is that wretched, contemptible, small
faction, the early f.upenter* of sedition and secession, to
whom the Present thus appears to have sold blmtelf
In the meantime Barnsid**, who was to have gone “on
to Richmond ” so rapidly, don’t gv at all, and the whispers
« f the removal of that officer but confirm what we said
when he was appointed that he was to be sscnfi 'ed to make
a place for Fremont, or Hooker, or some other of that Ilk.
And Hal-eck’s report of ih» operations of the year, which
report was intended to nse up McClellan completely, and
was prepared for that end, only confirms the opinion of the
people Ion; ago expressed as to the abl Ity of -Little Mao,
and a%tlsfl-severy reasouingraind that Ualieck Is tbe man
who should have bean removed, subsequent events proving
th« troth of all McClellan’s qnrmbej exprcs»ed In his
•Peninsula correspondence, and falsifying all that lUHeck
predicted. But in the present beautiful mix of nfTilrs Mc-
Clellan may thank his star* that he is not io command, and
that somebody el-e meat hear the b'ame. He has got the
inside track rf tbe politicians, the administration, and
everybody else. :>nl With his etioog common-sense and
prudence to guide him he can keep It. May his shadow
n<-ver bele*s.
To Phi adelphlans and Penneylvanlaufpthe most inter
esti:-g portion of the Documents accompanying the PresV
dent’s message is that Dor'ion of the Fecretary of the Navy’s
Report which announce* hi* accoi-tmce of League Island
as the now Naval Tter-ot fo» the country, for the construc
tion cf Iron-Ciad Sie-truer- - , etc. Ail the intrigues of
politicians, the machinations of New York-members and
Interested committees, have tailed to shake the determina
tion of the Secretary. who. although a Connecticut man
and supposed to be open to a conviction in favor nr his
own State, yet gallantly looks m tho interests of the
country, astonishing the corrupted knaves who tried their
b**ev to take advantage of h’B supposed pr-ju lic*s in favor
of New London, and says that League Mmd la the p'ace.
Let ihose who kr.ow that Pennsylvania is ti e great coal
and iron producer for the conn rv. and that Philadelphia
!« the groat centre/f manufactures for the natiou, rejoice
that there is <*• m > honeaty left In ill * Cabinet. u
Aa the holiday seas 'n approaches the annual book fever
attack a u»nl' and ‘ifararv comm si I ties increase In interest.
Foremost of all. now as ever, *.taod the valuable reprints
of Messrs. L Sco-f ACo, New York, o mpri.-dng •• Black
wood's Magazine.” and tho four quart* riv Reviews, the
whole five of which are furnUhe'd to A-nerl-an readers at
about the price of one at home—s-iv ten dollars per an
num, while any single one may he had for three dollars.
The November nurabrr of Blue- w> o I i-» a verv iuteiestlng
one of this splendid rfid rori'dle*!. prcsenMog a mfac-1--
Uneous and attractive tab cof contents. Thin is the very
time of year to begin n»*w subscriptions.
There are nine readable articles in the now. or October,
nnmber of tbe Westminster Review ”In tVee of which
the religious views of th-> editor* nre collaterally set f-rth.
There is a grand article oo Gibraltar om-on Se* Fisheries,
o a on Railways, their O'st and Pr-fit, etc.. » ut the gem
of the Dumber to American readers is a fair and candid
reviaw of The Have Pover, a w* II written and well con
sidered paper showing that we have some friends
The resume of Contemporary Literature Is as usual full
and thorough.
Another of flnstsvn Almard’e floe stories. “ Th* Pirates
of the Prairies,” or Adventures in the 'm-*rlran Deaeit is
published this week bv T. B. Peterson A *-r there Ohesnnt
street Taking his model f.-oni the Losiher Stocking of
Cooper. Aim.ard makes th« heroes and heroims of a form»r
st >ry. The Indian Scout, reappear in the i*re»»»o* exciting
tab*. Tbernffi-in Shaw and hiss m Harry. Valentine Kblen,
l)onna Clara aud Bed Cedar, arc all fine portralturea of a
class of people of whom we should forever remaio in
ignorance but for tho enterprise of mon like Almard. who
spent uoarly bis whole life among the denizens "f tho wild
forests thst he pictures so faithfully In this volume there
are Inimitable descriptions of forest lite and scooery,
masterly portraitures cf Indian character, and thrilling
sceoes with robbers, etc , tho narrative being as fresh as a
real advonture. It has lost nothing in boiog reudered
from French into Krglish.
The London illnstrated periodical, “ Once-a-W*-ek,” one
of tho most beautif.il and Interesting periodicals published,
continues to roach Am-rh-au readers through tho agency
of Messrs. WiMmer A llo’ers, Nassau Ft, New York, and
Uchatn and Zither, this city The great feature in Once
a-Weok at present is tho admirable storv of Vi-ruer’s Prldo,
by Mrs. Wood, au*hor of East Lyr>n«, Tin ChanniDgß, etc.,
popular s'o-ies that have had no rivals since John Halifax
and Jane Eyre. Tbo Uiustratic-UH to Verner’s Pride are by
the talented artist, Chas. Keene. Every uumlier of Once
a-Week is pn fusely illustrated, and tbe articles and stories
are all by tho leading authors of Englaud. A new volume
is to be commenced tblsjnontli. and we urge our vendors
to inquire for It at tho periodical depots, or to send for it
to the agents above named They will n-ver regret taking
into their families so henuHful and interesting a journnl.
Meters Sheldon A Co. N*»w York, publi-h a very n-at
little hook f«’r tbe Juveni’es al Christmas times, entitled
Walter’s Tr nr iu by Mr. Eddy, author of lha
popular series of little volumes entitled The Percy F nniiy.
llatiflsoirtsl • prit:t -«i on tine ;>Ter, with good clsar tvpe,
the illust-ati ms many and 1:00 t. and tho binding neatly
done in scarlet and gt r, titi-r little book must come into
great demand as the ••scas'n ” approaches. It is jn«t the
kind of a book that, all good children like to get h Id of,
comldniog ROchtl scenes and children’s play aud conversa
tion. with insights into the mar-ell.ms thing? unfolded iu
new and Rtrange countries. W*lter la a capital traveler,
and parents should remember him fur tbe instruction and
amusoment of their children.
In one of th* mo-t eleum-t little volumes of the year,
tinted paper, gilt e-hr-d tad b -u"’l in hovel ho-rds. >I-s-;rB.
Tlcknor A Fields, of Boston, publish 'ho-rim dime p-omhad
new Imok n f pains by Bnja>d Taylor. '-The Poet’s
Journal.” Tbe beauty of the ext rlor of Ih s b-iutiful
volume is not marr-.; Ibv a roforenco to its c intents The
Poet’s Journal ih a record of crtiiu ev>»n<B io th<> domoi-tic
life nf 'tie amh ir. in which ft friend and tho po.-t ? H sifter
are tbe parties immediat-I'. int.-rf--Ett-d. Tb marriage, or
thecunsent to the I)rid 1 1. i« <if course the result; the
who'e courtship lu-ing celaio 1 io a variety ot metres, as it
embraces a varietv of lin m*-s t'-hl in language of much
totidernc-fls and de’*l<- tcy, y a is >u t : -d to Mr. Taylor’s muse,
and require! by thi subject Bavari I'svlor’H poetry id
rau'h superior t" I■ iu piooj, an t this del'ghtlul volume
will add greatly lo hiq already v idts repu'ution.
TI:o sniue publishers issiio u ni-w p-ethuniou? work of
Major Winthrop’s - T-m» Canoe and the Saddle, or Adven
tu es among the Norlbwen'orn Bivcrs and Furosts.” Tbo
distant and p ctnie-qiie region* lying betwo-u tho mouth
t'f ihe Cilumt i \ river hdcl Itu j si\n Am-ricß arc tbo locale
<f this spiri’ed narrative. Two rh'efs of tho Indians,
whom the an'bor sarcasricn'ly names King George ami tho
Dukb of York, are the heroes i f tho b- ok, and tboro oro
many b*-aniinl legends aid pictures of ton-st Ilf* aud
scenery intersperse I throne! out th** record, it 13 a charm
ing hcok and will add to tho fame of the author of John
Brent, f'ecil IJreeme and Edwin Brnthvrtnit. It is pub
lished in uniform style with tboso famous volumes.
LATEST FKUffl VIRGINIA,
INTENSE COLD —THE TRVtPA SUFFERINO FOR
BLANKETS —ICE IV THE RIVERS —J aCKSON AT
FREDERICKSBURQ —TUE P )VT )0V BRIDGE.
Headquarters Army of the Potomac, )
« Dt’oember 7. j
Last night the weather pras intensely cold,
and some of the troops suffered fur want of
blaoketa. Ice formed on the Potomac and
Acquia creek from one and a half to two
inches thick to day. The sun came out fair
aud ohoering, hut the air continued piercing
oold. The roads are hard and very rough.
Officers well informed state that Jackson
has arrived near Fredericksburg, and j lined
his forces with those already there. [They also
report that the enemy have extended their
lines several miles further down the Rappa
hannock.
The report that Mojor Spaulding, of the
Engineer Brigade, i?' under arrest for unne
cessary delay in the transportation of the pon
toon trains from Washington, is unfounded.
That officer has been commended by his supe
riors for overcoming weighty obstacles in exe
cuting bis orders.
There have been no field movements to
day.
, The Beauties of Newspaper Publishing
The New York Times, referring tojthe expenses
of newspaper publishing nt the present time,
says white paper, the most expensive of all
the articles which enter into the composition of
a newspaper, now sells for 18 to 20 cents per
pound, while ten cents has hitherto been the
outside prieo/ J A ream or 480 sheets cost
from $9 to $lO and returns to the publisher,
at a cent and a half a sheet, after bemg
printed, $7.20.
On the cost of white paper alone, therefore,
there is”a loss of over $3 on every thousand
printed. Add to this the cost s> f news, com
position. machinery for printing reportorial
and editorial wages, tax on advertisements,
tax on gross recipts, and the amount of profit
-on newspaper publishing at the present time
is not so great as to present very tempting in
ducement for people entering into such enter
prises.
Washington’s Will Stolen and Sold. —lfc
appears bv a statement madfi at a meeting of
the New York Historical Society, that tbewill
of Washington was stolen on the advance of
the army into Virginia, and has since been
sold to the British Museum. It was the last
production of his pen, having been written ex
clusively by Washington. It was deposited
in the Fairfax court house, and was stolen by
a Federal Boldier, and has found its way, not
withstanding tli9 general announcement
of the theft, into the cu i sry shop of the
British, where it will doubtless remain, unless
efforts are made to have it restored.
ANOTHER LE TT h R FRO.tt GEN.
SCOTT.
Washington, Dec. 5.
Gen. Scott, through the Intelligence*', finally
and briefly replies to Mr. Buchanan, denying
that he has any private resentments to gratify,
stating that he has received many official
courtesies from the late President, but to vin
dicate justice and the truth of history, is a par
amount obligation. He insists and shows that
certain Southern States received an undue
proportion of arms, and that many of them
were not condemned.
JJ.500.000 Dollars In Unsigned Certifi
cates Stolen*
A special despatch to the Times says that
certificates of the denomination of $5,000,
amounting to $2,500,000, have been stolen
from Treasury Spinner’s desk,at the Treasury
Department, Washington. Fortunately, they
were unsigned. Measures have been taken
to prevent the engraving of anymore of the
same kind.
AFFAIRS IN CANADA.
Montreal, Dec. 4 —The thermometer, this
morning, has fallen to 4 degrees below zero.
Navigation has been closed, the- last river
steamer leaving to-day for winter quarters.
To-day fa observed a* thanksgiving through"
outthe provinces. -
New York, Dec. 7.